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Becker RC, Tantry US, Khan M, Gurbel PA. The COVID-19 thrombus: distinguishing pathological, mechanistic, and phenotypic features and management. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024:10.1007/s11239-024-03028-4. [PMID: 39179952 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-03028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
A heightened risk for thrombosis is a hallmark of COVID-19. Expansive clinical experience and medical literature have characterized small (micro) and large (macro) vessel involvement of the venous and arterial circulatory systems. Most events occur in patients with serious or critical illness in the hyperacute (first 1-2 weeks) or acute phases (2-4 weeks) of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, thrombosis involving the venous, arterial, and microcirculatory systems has been reported in the subacute (4-8 weeks), convalescent (> 8-12 weeks) and chronic phases (> 12 weeks) among patients with mild-to-moderate illness. The purpose of the current focused review is to highlight the distinguishing clinical features, pathological components, and potential mechanisms of venous, arterial, and microvascular thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. The overarching objective is to better understand the proclivity for thrombosis, laying a solid foundation for screening and surveillance modalities, preventive strategies, and optimal patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Becker
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Udaya S Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Baltimore, USA
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Baltimore, USA
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2
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Hu H, Wang C, Tao R, Liu B, Peng D, Chen Y, Zhang W. Evidences of neurological injury caused by COVID-19 from glioma tissues and glioma organoids. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14822. [PMID: 38923860 PMCID: PMC11199819 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the extensive neurological symptoms induced by COVID-19 and the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in post-mortem brain samples from COVID-19 patients months after death, the precise mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the central nervous system remain unclear due to the lack of research models. METHODS We collected glioma tissue samples from glioma patients who had a recent history of COVID-19 and examined the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomic analyses were conducted on normal brain tissues, glioma tissues, and glioma tissues from glioma patients with recent COVID-19 history. Additionally, single-cell sequencing data from both glioma tissues and glioma organoids were collected and analyzed. Glioma organoids were utilized to evaluate the efficacy of potential COVID-19 blocking agents. RESULTS Glioma tissues from glioma patients with recent COVID-19 history exhibited the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Differences between glioma tissues from glioma patients who had a recent history of COVID-19 and healthy brain tissues primarily manifested in neuronal cells. Notably, neuronal cells within glioma tissues of COVID-19 history demonstrated heightened susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, depression, and synaptic dysfunction, indicative of neuronal aberrations. Expressions of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors were confirmed in both glioma tissues and glioma organoids. Moreover, glioma organoids were susceptible to pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 infection and the infections could be partly blocked by the potential COVID-19 drugs. CONCLUSIONS Gliomas had inherent traits that render them susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to their representability of COVID-19 neurological symptoms. This established a biological foundation for the rationality and feasibility of utilization of glioma organoids as research and blocking drug testing model in SARS-CoV-2 infection within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
| | - Bohan Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
| | - Dazhao Peng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)BeijingChina
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Ward KE, Steadman L, Karim AR, Reynolds GM, Pugh M, Chua W, Faustini SE, Veenith T, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM, Drayson MT, Shields AM, Cunningham AF, Wraith DC, Richter AG. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with anti-desmoglein 2 autoantibody detection. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:243-251. [PMID: 37095599 PMCID: PMC10651225 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-acute cardiac sequelae, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, are well recognized as complications of COVID-19. We have previously shown the persistence of autoantibodies against antigens in skin, muscle, and heart in individuals following severe COVID-19; the most common staining on skin tissue displayed an inter-cellular cement pattern consistent with antibodies against desmosomal proteins. Desmosomes play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of tissues. For this reason, we analyzed desmosomal protein levels and the presence of anti-desmoglein (DSG) 1, 2, and 3 antibodies in acute and convalescent sera from patients with COVID-19 of differing clinical severity. We find increased levels of DSG2 protein in sera from acute COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we find that DSG2 autoantibody levels are increased significantly in convalescent sera following severe COVID-19 but not in hospitalized patients recovering from influenza infection or healthy controls. Levels of autoantibody in sera from patients with severe COVID-19 were comparable to levels in patients with non-COVID-19-associated cardiac disease, potentially identifying DSG2 autoantibodies as a novel biomarker for cardiac damage. To determine if there was any association between severe COVID-19 and DSG2, we stained post-mortem cardiac tissue from patients who died from COVID-19 infection. This confirmed DSG2 protein within the intercalated discs and disruption of the intercalated disc between cardiomyocytes in patients who died from COVID-19. Our results reveal the potential for DSG2 protein and autoimmunity to DSG2 to contribute to unexpected pathologies associated with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa E Ward
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Lora Steadman
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Abid R Karim
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gary M Reynolds
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Matthew Pugh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Winnie Chua
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sian E Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Tonny Veenith
- Department of Critical Care, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Adrian M Shields
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Tavazzi E, Pichiecchio A, Colombo E, Rigoni E, Asteggiano C, Vegezzi E, Masi F, Greco G, Bastianello S, Bergamaschi R. The Potential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Reactivation: A Case Series and Literature Review. Viruses 2023; 15:1569. [PMID: 37515255 PMCID: PMC10385211 DOI: 10.3390/v15071569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and related vaccines have raised several issues. Among them, the potential role of the viral infection (COVID-19) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as causal factors of dysimmune CNS disorders, as well as the safety and efficacy of vaccines in patients affected by such diseases and on immune-active treatments have been analyzed. The aim is to better understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines with dysimmune CNS diseases by describing 12 cases of multiple sclerosis/myelitis onset or reactivation after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines and reviewing all published case reports or case series in which MS onset or reactivation was temporally associated with either COVID-19 (8 case reports, 3 case series) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (13 case reports, 6 case series). All the cases share a temporal association between viral/vaccine exposure and symptoms onset. This finding, together with direct or immune-based mechanisms described both during COVID-19 and MS, claims in favor of a role for SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines in unmasking dysimmune CNS disorders. The most common clinical presentations involve the optic nerve, brainstem and spinal cord. The preferential tropism of the virus together with the presence of some host-related genetic/immune factors might predispose to the involvement of specific CNS districts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Asteggiano
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Masi
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Greco
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Becker RC. Evaluating chest pain in patients with post COVID conditions permission to think outside of the box. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 55:592-603. [PMID: 37052772 PMCID: PMC10098243 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Chest pain is among the most common symptoms of post-COVID-19 Conditions (PCC) that prompts medical attention. Because the SARS-CoV-2 virus has proclivity for many organs and organ systems in the chest, ranging from the heart, lungs, great vessels, lymphatics, and peripheral nerves, clinicians evaluating patients with chest pain must consider a broad differential diagnosis and take a comprehensive approach to management.
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Omenn GS, Lane L, Overall CM, Pineau C, Packer NH, Cristea IM, Lindskog C, Weintraub ST, Orchard S, Roehrl MH, Nice E, Liu S, Bandeira N, Chen YJ, Guo T, Aebersold R, Moritz RL, Deutsch EW. The 2022 Report on the Human Proteome from the HUPO Human Proteome Project. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1024-1042. [PMID: 36318223 PMCID: PMC10081950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The 2022 Metrics of the Human Proteome from the HUPO Human Proteome Project (HPP) show that protein expression has now been credibly detected (neXtProt PE1 level) for 18 407 (93.2%) of the 19 750 predicted proteins coded in the human genome, a net gain of 50 since 2021 from data sets generated around the world and reanalyzed by the HPP. Conversely, the number of neXtProt PE2, PE3, and PE4 missing proteins has been reduced by 78 from 1421 to 1343. This represents continuing experimental progress on the human proteome parts list across all the chromosomes, as well as significant reclassifications. Meanwhile, applying proteomics in a vast array of biological and clinical studies continues to yield significant findings and growing integration with other omics platforms. We present highlights from the Chromosome-Centric HPP, Biology and Disease-driven HPP, and HPP Resource Pillars, compare features of mass spectrometry and Olink and Somalogic platforms, note the emergence of translation products from ribosome profiling of small open reading frames, and discuss the launch of the initial HPP Grand Challenge Project, "A Function for Each Protein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert S. Omenn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lydie Lane
- CALIPHO Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Geneva, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Charles Pineau
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research, 35042 RENNES Cedex, France
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Griffith University’s Institute for Glycomics, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | | | - Susan T. Weintraub
- University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
| | - Sandra Orchard
- EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H.A. Roehrl
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, United States
| | | | - Siqi Liu
- BGI Group, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Nuno Bandeira
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- National Taiwan University, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake University Guomics Laboratory of Big Proteomic Data, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology in ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Eric W. Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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7
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Shorbagi AI, Obaideen A, Jundi M. Post-COVID-19 polyautoimmunity – Fact or coincidence: A case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1013125. [PMID: 37007767 PMCID: PMC10060632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 exhibits diverse and systemic clinical symptoms, much like systemic autoimmune diseases, and there are notable similarities in the immune responses seen in both conditions. There are rare reports of ulcerative colitis and autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19 infection. Reported herein is a case of a previously healthy patient who was diagnosed with chronic colitis resembling ulcerative colitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and suspected immune-mediated hepatitis (AIH-like hepatitis) 2 months after a COVID-19 infection. A 33-year-old COVID-19-vaccinated male, presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for 2 days. He also had bloody diarrhea that persisted for 2 months after recovering from a COVID-19 infection. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was confirmed by markedly elevated serum amylase and lipase and a CT scan of the abdomen. Colonoscopy and histopathology findings also confirmed a diagnosis of chronic colitis resembling ulcerative colitis (Mayo Endoscopy Subscore 3). Marked improvement in bloody diarrhea was observed within 72 h of treatment with IV prednisolone. MRI of the abdomen performed due to an unresolved clinical picture of pancreatitis revealed a bulky pancreas showing delayed diffuse homogenous enhancement, findings possibly consistent with autoimmune pancreatitis. Investigation for elevated liver transaminases showed high titers of antinuclear antibodies and anti-smooth muscle (anti-actin) antibodies while viral hepatitis markers were negative. The patient had already been started on steroid therapy before the lab results were available, with rapid normalization of liver enzymes following treatment. A liver biopsy was not performed. The patient is currently on mesalazine 4 gr/day, and azathioprine 100 mg/day – oral steroids had been tapered and discontinued. Seven months after the initial diagnosis, the patient remains symptom-free. A high level of suspicion for autoimmune disorders is required when assessing patients with a history of COVID-19 infection, although diagnostic pathways remain the same, with generally good response and remission rates to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ibrahim Shorbagi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Ali Ibrahim Shorbagi,
| | - Abdulmunhem Obaideen
- Medical Diagnostic Imaging Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majd Jundi
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Elizalde-Díaz JP, Miranda-Narváez CL, Martínez-Lazcano JC, Martínez-Martínez E. The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039427. [PMID: 36591299 PMCID: PMC9800881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two years, the world has faced the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which by August of 2022 has infected around 619 million people and caused the death of 6.55 million individuals globally. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory tract level, there are several reports, indicating that other organs such as the heart, kidney, pancreas, and brain can also be damaged. A characteristic observed in blood serum samples of patients suffering COVID-19 disease in moderate and severe stages, is a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-α (IFN-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), as well as the presence of autoantibodies against interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-λ (IFN-λ), C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26), CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like) member A4 (FAM19A4), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1). Interestingly, it has been described that the chronic cytokinemia is related to alterations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and induction of neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the generation of autoantibodies affects processes such as neurogenesis, neuronal repair, chemotaxis and the optimal microglia function. These observations support the notion that COVID-19 patients who survived the disease present neurological sequelae and neuropsychiatric disorders. The goal of this review is to explore the relationship between inflammatory and humoral immune markers and the major neurological damage manifested in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Elizalde-Díaz
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Leticia Miranda-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Giménez-Orenga K, Pierquin J, Brunel J, Charvet B, Martín-Martínez E, Perron H, Oltra E. HERV-W ENV antigenemia and correlation of increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin levels with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020064. [PMID: 36389746 PMCID: PMC9647063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the wide scope and persistence of COVID-19´s pandemic, post-COVID-19 condition represents a post-viral syndrome of unprecedented dimensions. SARS-CoV-2, in line with other infectious agents, has the capacity to activate dormant human endogenous retroviral sequences ancestrally integrated in human genomes (HERVs). This activation was shown to relate to aggravated COVID-19 patient´s symptom severity. Despite our limited understanding of how HERVs are turned off upon infection clearance, or how HERVs mediate long-term effects when their transcription remains aberrantly on, the participation of these elements in neurologic disease, such as multiple sclerosis, is already settling the basis for effective therapeutic solutions. These observations support an urgent need to identify the mechanisms that lead to HERV expression with SARS-CoV-2 infection, on the one hand, and to answer whether persistent HERV expression exists in post-COVID-19 condition, on the other. The present study shows, for the first time, that the HERV-W ENV protein can still be actively expressed long after SARS-CoV-2 infection is resolved in post-COVID-19 condition patients. Moreover, increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins in post-COVID-19 condition, particularly high anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin levels of the E isotype (IgE), seem to strongly correlate with deteriorated patient physical function (r=-0.8057, p<0.01). These results indicate that HERV-W ENV antigenemia and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgE serology should be further studied to better characterize post-COVID-19 condition pathogenic drivers potentially differing in subsets of patients with various symptoms. They also point out that such biomarkers may serve to design therapeutic options for precision medicine in post-COVID-19 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Giménez-Orenga
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Hervé Perron
- Geneuro-Innovation, Bioparc Laënnec, Lyon, France
- GeNeuro, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Oltra
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Sokouti B. A systems biology approach for investigating significantly expressed genes among COVID-19, hepatocellular carcinoma, and chronic hepatitis B. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:146. [PMID: 37521843 PMCID: PMC9584277 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, COVID-19's death rate is about 2%, considering the incidence and mortality. However, the information on its complications in other organs, specifically the liver and its disorders, is limited in mild or severe cases. In this study, we aimed to computationally investigate the typical relationships between liver-related diseases [i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and chronic hepatitis B (CHB)] and COVID-19, considering the involved significant genes and their molecular mechanisms. Methods We investigated two GEO microarray datasets (GSE164805 and GSE58208) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the generated four datasets for mild/severe COVID-19, HCC, and CHB. Then, the overlapping genes among them were identified for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction network construction, hub genes determination, and their associations with immune cell infiltration. Results A total of 22 significant genes (i.e., ACTB, ATM, CDC42, DHX15, EPRS, GAPDH, HIF1A, HNRNPA1, HRAS, HSP90AB1, HSPA8, IL1B, JUN, POLR2B, PTPRC, RPS27A, SFRS1, SMARCA4, SRC, TNF, UBE2I, and VEGFA) were found to play essential roles among mild/severe COVID-19 associated with HCC and CHB. Moreover, the analysis of immune cell infiltration revealed that these genes are mostly positively correlated with tumor immune and inflammatory responses. Conclusions In summary, the current study demonstrated that 22 identified DEGs might play an essential role in understanding the associations between the mild/severe COVID-19 patients with HCC and CHB. So, the HCC and CHB patients involved in different types of COVID-19 can benefit from immune-based targets for therapeutic interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43042-022-00360-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Sokouti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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