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Kesbiç FI, Gültepe N. Carotenoid characterization, fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant activities of haloarchaeal extracts. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300330. [PMID: 37847881 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms that can survive in saline environments, known as halotolerant or halophilic organisms, have a wide range of current and potential uses in biotechnology. In this study, it was aimed to determine the carotenoids of halophilic archaea strains isolated from the brine samples taken from different points of Salt Lake (Turkey) and determine the antioxidant activities of their carotenoids. To identify the halophilic archaea strains, they were cultivated in MAM JCM 168 medium and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility, fatty acid, two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, biochemical and phylogenetic assays. The findings show that five different halophilic archaea strains have been identified as Halorubrum lipolyticum, Halorubrum sodomense, Haloarcula salaria, Halorubrum chaoviator, and Haloarcula japonica with 98% and above similarity ratio. The main fatty acids of all haloarchaeal strains were octadecanoic acid (C18:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0). The major carotenoid of the species was determined as all-trans bacterioruberin, and different carotenoid types such as lycopene, β-carotene, and 2-isopentenyl-3,4-dehydrorodopin were found as well as bacterioruberin isomers. The antioxidant activities of carotenoids extracted from the species were analyzed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method and the extracts showed antioxidant activity statistically significantly higher than ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene as reference products (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nejdet Gültepe
- Department of Fisheries Fundamental Sciences, Fisheries Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Yatsunami R, Ando A, Miyoko N, Yang Y, Takaichi S, Nakamura S. Two Distinct Enzymes Have Both Phytoene Desaturase and 3,4-Desaturase Activities Involved in Carotenoid Biosynthesis by the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Haloarcula japonica. Microbes Environ 2024; 39:n/a. [PMID: 38811235 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica accumulates the C50 carotenoid, bacterioruberin (BR). To reveal the BR biosynthetic pathway, unidentified phytoene desaturase candidates were functionally characterized in the present study. Two genes encoding the potential phytoene desaturases, c0507 and d1086, were found from the Ha. japonica genome sequence by a homology search using the Basic Local Align Search Tool. Disruption mutants of c0507 and d1086 and their complemented strains transformed with expression plasmids for c0507 and d1086 were subsequently constructed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ana-lyses of carotenoids produced by these strains revealed that C0507 and D1086 were both bifunctional enzymes with the same activities as both phytoene desaturase (CrtI) and 3,4-desaturase (CrtD). C0507 and D1086 complemented each other during BR biosynthesis in Ha. japonica. This is the first study to identify two distinct enzymes with both CrtI and CrtD activities in an extremely halophilic archaeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yatsunami
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ai Ando
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Nobuhiro Miyoko
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | - Satoshi Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Ahmed RO, Ali A, Leeds T, Salem M. Fecal Microbiome Analysis Distinguishes Bacterial Taxa Biomarkers Associated with Red Fillet Color in Rainbow Trout. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2704. [PMID: 38004716 PMCID: PMC10673235 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristic reddish-pink fillet color of rainbow trout is an important marketing trait. The gastrointestinal microbiome is vital for host health, immunity, and nutrient balance. Host genetics play a crucial role in determining the gut microbiome, and the host-microbiome interaction impacts the host's phenotypic expression. We hypothesized that fecal microbiota could be used to predict fillet color in rainbow trout. Fish were fed Astaxanthin-supplemented feed for six months, after which 16s rDNA sequencing was used to investigate the fecal microbiome composition in rainbow trout families with reddish-pink fillet coloration (red fillet group, average saturation index = 26.50 ± 2.86) compared to families with pale white fillet color (white fillet group, average saturation index = 21.21 ± 3.53). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFse) tool was used to identify bacterial biomarkers associated with fillet color. The alpha diversity measure shows no difference in the red and white fillet groups. Beta diversity principal component analysis showed clustering of the samples along the white versus red fillet group. The red fillet group has enrichment (LDA score > 1.5) of taxa Leuconostoc lactis, Corynebacterium variabile, Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans, and Leucobacter chromiireducens. In contrast, the white fillet group has an enriched presence of mycoplasma, Lachnoclostridium, and Oceanobacillus indicireducens. The enriched bacterial taxa in the red fillet group have probiotic functions and can generate carotenoid pigments. Bacteria taxa enriched in the white fillet group are either commensal, parasitic, or capable of reducing indigo dye. The study identified specific bacterial biomarkers differentially abundant in fish families of divergent fillet color that could be used in genetic selection to improve feed carotenoid retention and reddish-pink fillet color. This work extends our understanding of carotenoid metabolism in rainbow trout through the interaction between gut microbiota and fillet color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan O. Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.O.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.O.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Tim Leeds
- United States Department of Agriculture Kearneysville, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA;
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.O.A.); (A.A.)
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Fayez D, Youssif A, Sabry S, Ghozlan H, El-Sayed F. Some novel bioactivities of Virgibacillus halodenitrificans carotenoids, isolated from Wadi El-Natrun lakes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103825. [PMID: 37869364 PMCID: PMC10587757 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids come in second among the most frequent natural pigments and are utilized in medications, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food pigments, and feed supplements. Based on recent complementary work, Virgibacillus was announced for the first time as a member of Wadi El-Natrun salt and soda lakes microbiota, identified as Virgibacillus halodenitrificans, and named V. halodenitrificans DASH; hence, this work aimed to investigate several in vitro medicinal bioactivities of V. halodenitrificans DASH carotenoids. The carotenoid methanolic extract showed antioxidant activity based on diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity with a half-maximal concentration (IC50) of 1.6 mg/mL as well as nitric oxide (NO) scavenging action expressed by an IC50 of 46.4 µg/mL. The extract showed considerable inhibitory activity for alpha-amylase (α-amylase) and alpha-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) enzymes (IC50 of 100 and 173.4 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, the extract displayed selective anticancer activity against Caco-2 (IC50 = 138.96 µg/mL) and HepG-2 cell lines (IC50 = 31.25 µg/mL), representing colorectal adenocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma. Likewise, the extract showed 98.9 % clearance for human hepatitis C virus (HCV) using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), HCV-NS5B polymerase activity inhibition (IC50 = 27.4 µg/mL), and selective inhibitory activity against human coronavirus (HCoV 229E) using the plaque reduction assay (IC50 = 53.5 µg/mL). As far as we can tell, the anticancer, antiviral, and antidiabetic attributes of Virgibacillus carotenoids are, de novo, reported in this work which accordingly invokes further exploration of the other medicinal, biotechnological, and industrial applications of Virgibacillus and haloalkaliphilic bacteria carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Fayez
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Youssif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soraya Sabry
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan Ghozlan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Sayed
- Cell Culture Unit, Medical Technology Center, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Serino I, Squillaci G, Errichiello S, Carbone V, Baraldi L, La Cara F, Morana A. Antioxidant Capacity of Carotenoid Extracts from the Haloarchaeon Halorhabdus utahensis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1840. [PMID: 37891919 PMCID: PMC10603985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the production, characterization, and antioxidant power assessment of carotenoids from the haloarchaeon Halorhabdus utahensis. It was grown at 37 °C and 180 rpm agitation in halobacteria medium supplemented with glucose, fructose, and xylose, each at concentrations of 0.2%, 1%, and 2%, and the carotenoid yield and composition were investigated. The microorganism produced the carotenoids under all the conditions tested, and their amount followed the order glucose < xylose < fructose. The highest yield was achieved in 2% fructose growth medium with 550.60 ± 7.91 μg/g dry cell and 2428.15 ± 49.33 μg/L. Separation and identification of the carotenoids were performed by RP-HPLC and HPLC/APCI-ITMSn. Bacterioruberin was the main carotenoid detected and accounted for 60.6%, 56.4%, and 58.9% in 2% glucose, 1% xylose, and 2% fructose extracts, respectively. Several geometric isomers of bacterioruberin were distinguished, and representatives of monoanhydrobacterioruberin, and bisanhydrobacterioruberin were also detected. The assignment to cis-isomers was attempted through analysis of the UV/Vis spectra, intensity of cis peaks, and spectral fine structures. The extracts exhibited superoxide scavenging activity higher than butylhydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid, and Trolox, selected as antioxidant references. The anti-hyaluronidase capacity was investigated, and the 2% fructose extract showed the highest activity reaching 90% enzyme inhibition with 1.5 μg. The overall data confirm that Hrd. utahensis can be regarded as an interesting source of antioxidants that can find applications in the food and cosmetic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismene Serino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (S.E.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Squillaci
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (S.E.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Sara Errichiello
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (S.E.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Virginia Carbone
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Lidia Baraldi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco La Cara
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (S.E.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Alessandra Morana
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (S.E.); (F.L.C.)
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Delgado-Garcia M, Gómez-Secundino O, Rodríguez JA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Muller-Santos M, Aguilar CN, Camacho-Ruiz RM. Identification, Antioxidant Capacity, and Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) In Silico Inhibition of Haloarchaeal Carotenoids from Natronococcus sp. and Halorubrum tebenquichense. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2344. [PMID: 37764188 PMCID: PMC10537243 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments from haloarchaea are of great interest; bacterioruberin is the major pigment, it shows higher antioxidant power when compared with β-carotene. However, characterization of bacterioruberin and its isomers along with its antioxidant and the matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) inhibition activities in extracts from Natronoccoccus sp. TC6 and Halorubrum tebenquichense SU10 was not previously described, being the aim of this work. The carotenoids profile was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Antioxidant capacity was determined for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. In addition, MMP-9 inhibition was studied using docking simulations. The carotenoid profile of studied strains was composed of bacterioruberin, some derivatives like mono, bis, and tris anhydrobacterioruberin, and also some bacterioruberin cis isomers. The carotenoid pools showed antioxidant capacity for DPPH > ABTS > FRAP; Natronococcus sp. TC6 carotenoid pool was better for ABTS and DPPH, while Halorubrum tebenquichense SU10 carotenoid pool was better for FRAP. Additionally, docking and molecular dynamics suggest that bacterioruberin inhibits MMP-9 through hydrophobic interactions near the catalytic site. Bacterioruberin shows the higher binding energy of -8.3 (kcal/mol). The carotenoids profile of both strains was elucidated, their antioxidant activity and singular participation of each carotenoid on MMP-9 in silico inhibition were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Delgado-Garcia
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Osvaldo Gómez-Secundino
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Jorge A. Rodríguez
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Marcelo Muller-Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-900, Brazil;
| | - Cristobal N. Aguilar
- Food Research Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Maria Camacho-Ruiz
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
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Noby N, Khattab SN, Soliman NA. Sustainable production of bacterioruberin carotenoid and its derivatives from Arthrobacter agilis NP20 on whey-based medium: optimization and product characterization. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:46. [PMID: 38647623 PMCID: PMC10991996 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterioruberin and its rare glycosylated derivatives are produced by Arthrobacter agilis as an adaptation strategy to low temperature conditions. The high antioxidant properties of bacterioruberin held great promise for different future applications like the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbial production of bacterioruberin via a cost-effective medium will help increase its commercial availability and industrial use. The presented study aims to optimize the production of the rare C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin and its derivatives from the psychotrophic bacteria Arthrobacter agilis NP20 strain on a whey-based medium as a cost effective and readily available nutritious substrate. The aim of the study is extended to assess the efficiency of whey treatment in terms of estimating total nitrogen content in treated and untreated whey samples. The significance of medium ingredients on process outcome was first tested individually; then the most promising factors were further optimized using Box Behnken design (BBD). The produced carotenoids were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, HPLC-DAD chromatography and HPLC-APCI-MS spectrometry. The maximum pigment yield (5.13 mg/L) was achieved after a 72-h incubation period on a core medium composed of 96% sweet whey supplemented with 0.46% MgSO4 & 0.5% yeast extract and inoculated with 6% (v/v) of a 24 h pre-culture (109 CFU/mL). The cost of the formulated medium was 1.58 $/L compared with 30.1 $/L of Bacto marine broth medium. The extracted carotenoids were identified as bacterioruberin, bis-anhydrobacteriouberin, mono anhydrobacterioruberin, and glycosylated bacterioruberin. The presented work illustrates the possibility of producing bacterioruberin carotenoid from Arthrobacter agilis through a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach using cheese whey-based medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad Noby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Soliman
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, (SRTA-City), New Borg Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mapelli-Brahm P, Gómez-Villegas P, Gonda ML, León-Vaz A, León R, Mildenberger J, Rebours C, Saravia V, Vero S, Vila E, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Microalgae, Seaweeds and Aquatic Bacteria, Archaea, and Yeasts: Sources of Carotenoids with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Health-Promoting Actions in the Sustainability Era. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:340. [PMID: 37367666 DOI: 10.3390/md21060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a large group of health-promoting compounds used in many industrial sectors, such as foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and colorants. Considering the global population growth and environmental challenges, it is essential to find new sustainable sources of carotenoids beyond those obtained from agriculture. This review focuses on the potential use of marine archaea, bacteria, algae, and yeast as biological factories of carotenoids. A wide variety of carotenoids, including novel ones, were identified in these organisms. The role of carotenoids in marine organisms and their potential health-promoting actions have also been discussed. Marine organisms have a great capacity to synthesize a wide variety of carotenoids, which can be obtained in a renewable manner without depleting natural resources. Thus, it is concluded that they represent a key sustainable source of carotenoids that could help Europe achieve its Green Deal and Recovery Plan. Additionally, the lack of standards, clinical studies, and toxicity analysis reduces the use of marine organisms as sources of traditional and novel carotenoids. Therefore, further research on the processing of marine organisms, the biosynthetic pathways, extraction procedures, and examination of their content is needed to increase carotenoid productivity, document their safety, and decrease costs for their industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Mariana Lourdes Gonda
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Antonio León-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Saravia
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Vero
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Vila
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
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Ávila-Román J, Gómez-Villegas P, de Carvalho CCCR, Vigara J, Motilva V, León R, Talero E. Up-Regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Pathway in Macrophages by an Extract from a New Halophilic Archaea Isolated in Odiel Saltworks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051080. [PMID: 37237946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the progression of many inflammatory diseases. The search for antioxidants with the ability for scavenging free radicals from the body cells that reduce oxidative damage is essential to prevent and treat these pathologies. Haloarchaea are extremely halophilic microorganisms that inhabit hypersaline environments, such as saltworks or salt lakes, where they have to tolerate high salinity, and elevated ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiations. To cope with these extreme conditions, haloarchaea have developed singular mechanisms to maintain an osmotic balance with the medium, and are endowed with unique compounds, not found in other species, with bioactive properties that have not been fully explored. This study aims to assess the potential of haloarchaea as a new source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. A carotenoid-producing haloarchaea was isolated from Odiel Saltworks (OS) and identified on the basis of its 16S rRNA coding gene sequence as a new strain belonging to the genus Haloarcula. The Haloarcula sp. OS acetone extract (HAE) obtained from the biomass contained bacterioruberin and mainly C18 fatty acids, and showed potent antioxidant capacity using ABTS assay. This study further demonstrates, for the first time, that pretreatment with HAE of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages results in a reduction in ROS production, a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and up-regulation of the factor Nrf2 and its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), supporting the potential of the HAE as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C C R de Carvalho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Joshi K, Kumar P, Kataria R. Microbial carotenoid production and their potential applications as antioxidants: A current update. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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11
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Ma YC, Gao MR, Yang H, Jiang JY, Xie W, Su WP, Zhang B, Yeong YS, Guo WY, Sui LY. Optimization of C 50 Carotenoids Production by Open Fermentation of Halorubrum sp. HRM-150. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:3628-3640. [PMID: 36648604 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
C50 carotenoids, as unique bioactive molecules, have many biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activity, and have a wide range of potential uses in the food, cosmetic, and biomedical industries. The majority of C50 carotenoids are produced by the sterile fermentation of halophilic archaea. This study aims to look at more cost-effective and manageable ways of producing C50 carotenoids. The basic medium, carbon source supplementation, and optimal culture conditions for Halorubrum sp. HRM-150 C50 carotenoids production by open fermentation were examined in this work. The results indicated that Halorubrum sp. HRM-150 grown in natural brine medium grew faster than artificial brine medium. The addition of glucose, sucrose, and lactose (10 g/L) enhanced both biomass and carotenoids productivity, with the highest level reaching 4.53 ± 0.32 μg/mL when glucose was added. According to the findings of orthogonal studies based on the OD600 and carotenoids productivity, the best conditions for open fermentation were salinity 20-25%, rotation speed 150-200 rpm, and pH 7.0-8.2. The up-scaled open fermentation was carried out in a 7 L medium under optimum culture conditions. At 96 h, the OD600 and carotenoids productivity were 9.86 ± 0.51 (dry weight 10.40 ± 1.27 g/L) and 7.31 ± 0.65 μg/mL (701.40 ± 21.51 μg/g dry weight, respectively). When amplified with both universal bacterial primer and archaeal primer in the open fermentation, Halorubrum remained the dominating species, indicating that contamination was kept within an acceptable level. To summarize, open fermentation of Halorubrum is a promising method for producing C50 carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Mei-Rong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jun-Yao Jiang
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wan-Ping Su
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yik-Sung Yeong
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wu-Yan Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Li-Ying Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China. .,Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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12
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Kim M, Jung DH, Hwang CY, Siziya IN, Park YS, Seo MJ. 4,4'-Diaponeurosporene Production as C 30 Carotenoid with Antioxidant Activity in Recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:135-151. [PMID: 36066805 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, a group of isoprenoid pigments, are naturally synthesized by various microorganisms and plants, and are industrially used as ingredients in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical product formulations. Although several types of carotenoids and diverse microbial carotenoid producers have been reported, studies on lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-derived carotenoids are relatively insufficient. There is a notable lack of research focusing on C30 carotenoids, the functional characterizations of their biosynthetic genes and their mass production by genetically engineered microorganisms. In this study, the biosynthesis of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene in Escherichia coli harboring the core biosynthetic genes, dehydrosqualene synthase (crtM) and dehydrosqualene desaturase (crtN), from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226 was constructed to evaluate and enhance 4,4'-diaponeurosporene production and antioxidant activity. The production of 4,4'-diapophytoene, a substrate of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene, was confirmed in E. coli expressing only the crtM gene. In addition, recombinant E. coli carrying both C30 carotenoid biosynthesis genes (crtM and crtN) was confirmed to biosynthesize 4,4'-diaponeurosporene and exhibited a 6.1-fold increase in carotenoid production compared to the wild type and had a significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene. This study presents the discovery of an important novel E. coli platform in consideration of the industrial applicability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mibang Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, Korea.,Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Jung
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Young Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Inonge Noni Siziya
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Bio Material & Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Bio Material & Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Thakur M, Modi VK. Biocolorants in food: Sources, extraction, applications and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4674-4713. [PMID: 36503345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2144997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Color of a food is one of the major factors influencing its acceptance by consumers. At presently synthetic dyes are the most commonly used food colorant in food industry by providing more esthetically appearance and as a means to quality control. However, the growing concern about health and environmental due to associated toxicity with synthetic food colorants has accelerated the global efforts to replace them with safer and healthy food colorants obtained from natural resources (plants, microorganisms, and animals). Further, many of these biocolorants not only provide myriad of colors to the food but also exert biological properties, thus they can be used as nutraceuticals in foods and beverages. In order to understand the importance of nature-derived pigments as food colorants, this review provides a thorough discussion on the natural origin of food colorants. Following this, different extraction methods for isolating biocolorants from plants and microbes were also discussed. Many of these biocolorants not only provide color, but also have many health promoting properties, for this reason their physicochemical and biological properties were also reviewed. Finally, current trends on the use of biocolorants in foods, and the challenges faced by the biocolorants in their effective utilization by food industry and possible solutions to these challenges were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Modi
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Baati H, Siala M, Azri C, Ammar E, Trigui M. Hydrolytic enzyme screening and carotenoid production evaluation of halophilic archaea isolated from highly heavy metal-enriched solar saltern sediments. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1893-1906. [PMID: 36280648 PMCID: PMC9679124 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to screen the enzymatic activities and evaluate the carotenoid production level of twenty-two halophilic archaea isolated from Sfax solar saltern sediments. The molecular identification performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes showed that all strains have a high similarity degree (99.7-100%) with Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1. The strains were screened for the presence of eight hydrolase activities using agar plate-based assays. The most detected enzyme was gelatinase (77.27% of total strains), followed by protease (63.63%) and amylase activities (50%). The carotenoid production yields of the strains ranged between 2.027 and 14.880 mg/l. The UV-Visible spectroscopy of pigments revealed that it was a bacterioruberin type. When evaluated and compared to the standard β-carotene, the antioxidant capacities of these pigments showed a scavenging activity of more than 75% at a concentration of 5 μg/ml for three strains (AS16, AS17, and AS18). Then a sequence of one-step optimization processes was performed, using the one-factor-at-a-time approach, to define the optimum conditions for growth and carotenoid production of the highest carotenoid producing strain (AS17). Different environmental factors and nutritional conditions were tested. Variations in these factors were found to deeply influence growth and carotenoid production. A maximum carotenoid production (16.490 mg/l), higher than that of the control (14.880 mg/l), was observed at 37 °C, pH 7, 250 g/l of salinity, with 80% air phase in the flask at 110 rpm, in presence of light and in culture media containing (g/l) 10, yeast extract; 7.5, casamino acid; 20, MgSO4; 4, KCl; and 3, trisodium citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Baati
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development "LASED", University of Sfax, LR18ES32, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Siala
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development "LASED", University of Sfax, LR18ES32, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chafai Azri
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development "LASED", University of Sfax, LR18ES32, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Ammar
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development "LASED", University of Sfax, LR18ES32, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Trigui
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development "LASED", University of Sfax, LR18ES32, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Metwally RA, El-Sersy NA, El Sikaily A, Sabry SA, Ghozlan HA. Optimization and multiple in vitro activity potentials of carotenoids from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18203. [PMID: 36307503 PMCID: PMC9616409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids. Kocuria sp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red Sea Bohadschia graeffei collected from Marsa Alam, Egypt, and used for carotenoids production. The extracted carotenoids were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The characteristic UV absorbance of the three purified fractions gave us an inkling of what the purified pigments were. The chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The three different red pigments were identified as two C50-carotenoids, namely bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, in addition to 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (C42-carotenoids). Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids were investigated for multiple activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HSV-1, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing. These new observations suggest that Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids can be used as a distinctive natural pigment with potent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Metwally
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. El-Sersy
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Pollution Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soraya A. Sabry
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Ghozlan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Giani M, Gervasi L, Loizzo MR, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Carbon Source Influences Antioxidant, Antiglycemic, and Antilipidemic Activities of Haloferax mediterranei Carotenoid Extracts. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:659. [PMID: 36354982 PMCID: PMC9697119 DOI: 10.3390/md20110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaeal carotenoids have attracted attention lately due to their potential antioxidant activity. This work studies the effect of different concentrations of carbon sources on cell growth and carotenoid production. Carotenoid extract composition was characterized by HPLC-MS. Antioxidant activity of carotenoid extracts obtained from cell cultures grown under different nutritional conditions was determined by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The ability of these carotenoid extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase enzymes was also assessed to determine if they could be used to reduce blood glucose and lipid absorption. The maximum production of carotenoids (92.2 µg/mL) was observed combining 12.5% inorganic salts and 2.5% of glucose/starch. Antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antilipidemic studies showed that higher carbon availability in the culture media leads to changes in the extract composition, resulting in more active haloarchaeal carotenoid extracts. Carotenoid extracts obtained from high-carbon-availability cell cultures presented higher proportions of all-trans-bacterioruberin, 5-cis-bacterioruberin, and a double isomeric bacterioruberin, whereas the presence 9-cis-bacterioruberin and 13-cis-bacterioruberin decreased. The production of haloarchaeal carotenoids can be successfully optimized by changing nutritional conditions. Furthermore, carotenoid composition can be altered by modifying carbon source concentration. These natural compounds are very promising in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Luigia Gervasi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata Rende, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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17
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Hwang CY, Cho ES, Rhee WJ, Kim E, Seo MJ. Genomic and physiological analysis of C50 carotenoid-producing novel Halorubrum ruber sp. nov. J Microbiol 2022; 60:1007-1020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Archaea Carotenoids: Natural Pigments with Unexplored Innovative Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080524. [PMID: 36005527 PMCID: PMC9410494 DOI: 10.3390/md20080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, marine microorganisms have raised great interest because of their major ecological function and their numerous applications for biotechnology and pharmacology. Particularly, Archaea represent a resource of great potential for the identification of new metabolites because of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and their original metabolic pathways, allowing the synthesis of unique biomolecules. Studies on archaeal carotenoids are still relatively scarce and only a few works have focused on their industrial scale production and their biotechnological and pharmacological properties, while the societal demand for these bioactive pigments is growing. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on carotenoid metabolism in Archaea and the potential applications of these pigments in biotechnology and medicine. After reviewing the ecology and classification of these microorganisms, as well as their unique cellular and biochemical characteristics, this paper highlights the most recent data concerning carotenoid metabolism in Archaea, the biological properties of these pigments, and biotechnological considerations for their production at industrial scale.
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19
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Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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20
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Martínez GM, Pire C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Hypersaline environments as natural sources of microbes with potential applications in biotechnology: the case of solar evaporation systems to produce salt in Alicante County (Spain). CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100136. [PMID: 35909606 PMCID: PMC9325878 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martínez Martínez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
| | - Carmen Pire
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Churio MS, Cerletti M, De Castro RE. Carotenoids from Haloarchaea: Extraction, Fractionation, and Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2522:331-343. [PMID: 36125760 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2445-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are bioactive molecules known to promote human health. Many extreme halophilic archaea synthesize carotenoids, mainly represented by C50 bacterioruberin (BR) and its derivatives. BR has a potent antioxidant capacity, even higher than that of β-carotene, thus, there is an increasing interest to advance the study of its biological properties as well as to extend its current applications. Here, we describe a procedure to extract and characterize carotenoids (enriched in BR) from haloarchaea using a "hyperpigmented" genetically modified strain of Haloferax volcanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sandra Churio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, FCEyN (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- IFIMAR, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Cerletti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Rosana Esther De Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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22
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Wang Y, Xu J, Cui D, Kong L, Chen S, Xie W, Zhang C. Classification and Identification of Archaea Using Single-Cell Raman Ejection and Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Investigating Uncultivated Microorganisms. Anal Chem 2021; 93:17012-17019. [PMID: 34910467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Archaea can produce special cellular components such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, carotenoids, rhodopsin, and ether lipids, which have valuable applications in medicine and green energy production. Most of the archaeal species are uncultivated, posing challenges to investigating their biomarker components and biochemical properties. In this study, we applied Raman spectroscopy to examine the biological characteristics of nine archaeal isolates, including halophilic archaea (Haloferax larsenii, Haloarcula argentinensis, Haloferax mediterranei, Halomicrobium mukohataei, Halomicrobium salinus, Halorussus sp., Natrinema gari), thermophilic archaea (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius), and marine group I (MGI) archaea (Nitrosopumilus maritimus). Linear discriminant analysis of the Raman spectra allowed visualization of significant separations among the nine archaeal isolates. Machine-learning classification models based on support vector machine achieved accuracies of 88-100% when classifying the nine archaeal species. The predicted results were validated by DNA sequencing analysis of cells isolated from the mixture by Raman-activated cell sorting. Raman spectra of uncultured archaea (MGII) were also obtained based on Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results combining multiple Raman-based techniques indicated that MGII may have the ability to produce lipids distinct from other archaeal species. Our study provides a valuable approach for investigating and classifying archaea, especially uncultured species, at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
| | - Dongyu Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songze Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China.,Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory, Shanghai 200000, China
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23
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Abstract
Rhodopsins are light-activated proteins displaying an enormous versatility of function as cation/anion pumps or sensing environmental stimuli and are widely distributed across all domains of life. Even with wide sequence divergence and uncertain evolutionary linkages between microbial (type 1) and animal (type 2) rhodopsins, the membrane orientation of the core structural scaffold of both was presumed universal. This was recently amended through the discovery of heliorhodopsins (HeRs; type 3), that, in contrast to known rhodopsins, display an inverted membrane topology and yet retain similarities in sequence, structure, and the light-activated response. While no ion-pumping activity has been demonstrated for HeRs and multiple crystal structures are available, fundamental questions regarding their cellular and ecological function or even their taxonomic distribution remain unresolved. Here, we investigated HeR function and distribution using genomic/metagenomic data with protein domain fusions, contextual genomic information, and gene coexpression analysis with strand-specific metatranscriptomics. We bring to resolution the debated monoderm/diderm occurrence patterns and show that HeRs are restricted to monoderms. Moreover, we provide compelling evidence that HeRs are a novel type of sensory rhodopsins linked to histidine kinases and other two-component system genes across phyla. In addition, we also describe two novel putative signal-transducing domains fused to some HeRs. We posit that HeRs likely function as generalized light-dependent switches involved in the mitigation of light-induced oxidative stress and metabolic circuitry regulation. Their role as sensory rhodopsins is corroborated by their photocycle dynamics and their presence/function in monoderms is likely connected to the higher sensitivity of these organisms to light-induced damage. IMPORTANCE Heliorhodopsins are enigmatic, novel rhodopsins with a membrane orientation that is opposite to all known rhodopsins. However, their cellular and ecological functions are unknown, and even their taxonomic distribution remains a subject of debate. We provide evidence that HeRs are a novel type of sensory rhodopsins linked to histidine kinases and other two-component system genes across phyla boundaries. In support of this, we also identify two novel putative signal transducing domains in HeRs that are fused with them. We also observe linkages of HeRs to genes involved in mitigation of light-induced oxidative stress and increased carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Finally, we synthesize these findings into a framework that connects HeRs with the cellular response to light in monoderms, activating light-induced oxidative stress defenses along with carbon/nitrogen metabolic circuitries. These findings are consistent with the evolutionary, taxonomic, structural, and genomic data available so far.
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Serrano S, Mendo S, Caetano T. Haloarchaea have a high genomic diversity for the biosynthesis of carotenoids of biotechnological interest. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103919. [PMID: 34942349 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Haloarchaea are mostly components of the microbial biomass of saline aquatic environments, where they can be a dietary source of heterotrophic metazoans or contribute to flamingo's plumage coloration. The diversity of secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by haloarchaea, which might play multiple ecological roles and have diverse biotechnological applications has been largely understudied. Herein, 67 haloarchaeal complete genomes were analyzed and 182 SMs biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) identified that encode the production of terpenes (including carotenoids), RiPPs and siderophores. Terpene BGCs were further analysed and it was concluded that all haloarchaea might produce squalene and bacterioruberin, which one a strong antioxidant. Most of them have other carotenoid BGCs that include a putative β-carotene ketolase that was not characterized so far in haloarchaea, but may be involved with canthaxanthin's biosynthesis. The production of bacterioruberin by Haloferax mediterranei ATCC 33500 was found to be not related to its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Serrano
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Caetano
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Sahli K, Gomri MA, Esclapez J, Gómez-Villegas P, Bonete MJ, León R, Kharroub K. Characterization and biological activities of carotenoids produced by three haloarchaeal strains isolated from Algerian salt lakes. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:6. [PMID: 34870747 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea represent a promising natural source of carotenoids. However, little information is available about these archaeal metabolites and their biological effects. In the present work, carotenoids of strains Haloferax sp. ME16, Halogeometricum sp. ME3 and Haloarcula sp. BT9, isolated from Algerian salt lakes, were produced, extracted and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical results revealed a variation in the composition depending on the strain with a predominance of bacterioruberin. The evaluation of antioxidant capacity using ABTS [(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays showed that these extracts have a strong antioxidant potential, in particular those of Haloferax sp. ME16 which displayed antioxidant power significantly higher than that of ascorbic acid used as standard. Antibacterial activity of carotenoid extracts against four human-pathogenic strains and four fish-pathogenic strains was evaluated by agar disk diffusion method. The results showed a good antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that the C50 carotenoids from the studied strains offer promising prospects for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Sahli
- Équipe Métabolites Des Extremophiles (METEX), Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie Et Qualité Des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et Des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain el Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Mohamed Amine Gomri
- Équipe Métabolites Des Extremophiles (METEX), Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie Et Qualité Des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et Des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain el Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Julia Esclapez
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110, Huelva, Spain
| | - María-José Bonete
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110, Huelva, Spain
| | - Karima Kharroub
- Équipe Métabolites Des Extremophiles (METEX), Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie Et Qualité Des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et Des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain el Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
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Microalgae Xanthophylls: From Biosynthesis Pathway and Production Techniques to Encapsulation Development. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112835. [PMID: 34829118 PMCID: PMC8623138 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, xanthophylls from microalgae have gained increased scientific and industrial interests. This review highlights the essential issues that concern this class of high value compounds. Firstly, their chemical diversity as the producer microorganisms was detailed. Then, the use of conventional and innovative extraction techniques was discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of the main xanthophylls produced by photosynthetic microorganisms was reviewed in depth, providing new insightful ideas, clarifying the function of these active biomolecules. In addition, the recent advances in encapsulation techniques of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, such as spray and freeze drying, gelation, emulsification and coacervation were updated. Providing information about these topics and their applications and advances could be a help to students and young researchers who are interested in chemical and metabolic engineering, chemistry and natural products communities to approach the complex thematic of xanthophylls.
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Cho ES, Cha IT, Roh SW, Seo MJ. Haloferax litoreum sp. nov., Haloferax marinisediminis sp. nov., and Haloferax marinum sp. nov., low salt-tolerant haloarchaea isolated from seawater and sediment. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:2065-2082. [PMID: 34604935 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three novel halophilic archaea were isolated from seawater and sediment near Yeoungheungdo Island, Republic of Korea. The genome size and G + C content of the isolates MBLA0076T, MBLA0077T, and MBLA0078T were 3.56, 3.48, and 3.48 Mb and 61.7, 60.8, and 61.1 mol%, respectively. The three strains shared 98.5-99.5 % sequence similarity of the 16 S rRNA gene, whereas their sequence similarity to the 16 S rRNA gene of type strains was below 98.5 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the 16 S rRNA and RNA polymerase subunit beta genes indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Haloferax. The orthologous average nucleotide identity, average amino-acid identity, and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were below species delineation thresholds. Pan-genomic analysis indicated that the three novel strains and 11 reference strains had 8981 pan-orthologous groups in total. Fourteen Haloferax strains shared 1766 core pan-genome orthologous groups, which were mainly related to amino acid transport and metabolism. Cells of the three isolates were gram-negative, motile, red-pink pigmented, and pleomorphic. The strains grew optimally at 30 °C (MBLA0076T) and 40 °C (MBLA0077T, MBLA0078T) in the presence of 1.28 M (MBLA0077T) and 1.7 M (MBLA0076T, MBLA0078T) NaCl and 0.1 M (MBLA0077T), 0.2 M (MBLA0076T), and 0.3 M (MBLA0078T) MgCl2·6H2O at pH 7.0-8.0. Cells of all isolates lysed in distilled water; the minimum NaCl concentration necessary to prevent lysis was 0.43 M. The major polar lipids of the three strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, and sulphated diglycosyl archaeol-1. Based on their phenotypic and genotypic properties, MBLA0076T, MBLA0077T, and MBLA0078T were described as novel species of Haloferax, for which we propose the names Haloferax litoreum sp. nov., Haloferax marinisediminis sp. nov., and Haloferax marinum sp. nov., respectively. The respective type strains of these species are MBLA0076T (= KCTC 4288T = JCM 34,169T), MBLA0077T (= KCTC 4289T = JCM 34,170T), and MBLA0078T (= KCTC 4290T = JCM 34,171T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Sang Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Tae Cha
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woon Roh
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Alvares JJ, Furtado IJ. Kinetics of DPPH• scavenging by bacterioruberin from Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625). J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis is the first account of the kinetics of free radical scavenging by bacterioruberin obtained from cells of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1(KF796625), grown at optimum conditions of 25% NaCl, pH 7, 42 °C, 150 rpm in NaCl Tryptone yeast extract medium and light. Bacterioruberin separated from methanolic extract displayed characteristics absorption peaks at 368, 386, 463, 492 and 525 nm and gave an m/z value of 740.4 (C50H76O4) in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy validating its purity. Bacterioruberin (13 µM) decolorized and decayed 0.2 mM 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•) monitored at 517 nm and reached a steady state within 30 min. An EC50 of 6.50 µM ± 0.27 (4.81 µg/mL ± 0.2) was deduced for the 0.2 mM DPPH•-bacterioruberin reaction using the GraphPad Prism 9 statistical software and employing the right-angled triangle technique. The study also revealed a comprehensive information of the total kinetic activity of bacterioruberin with DPPH•: the antioxidant activity index was 16.38 ± 0.67; time needed to reach the steady state with the added EC50—30 min; the antiradical power 30.77 ± 1.27 and the antiradical efficiency of 54.7 × 10–3 ± 2.24, thus reflecting the strong antioxidant nature of bacterioruberin. Scavenging of DPPH• by bacterioruberin was a pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant k2 of 2.76 × 10–5 ± 0.001 µM−1 s−1 calculated at t = 0 or initial time and t = 30 min. The knowledge of the kinetics of bacterioruberin to scavenge DPPH• adds to its effective application as an antioxidant in medicinal use, pharmaceutical products and others. Additionally, the use of simple conventional method of DPPH• free radical scavenging, monitored using an easily available laboratory spectrophotometer, will certainly help in the effective use of any antioxidant compound.
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Mozaheb N, Arefian E, Aliyan A, Amoozegar MA. Induction of the antioxidant defense system using long-chain carotenoids extracted from extreme halophilic archaeon, Halovenus aranensis. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:165-175. [PMID: 34487298 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of microbial pigments is an emerging area in natural products science. Carotenoids form a major class of such pigments and are found to be diversely synthesized by microorganisms that reside in hypersaline ecosystems to provide resistance against oxidative stress. Human cells can benefit from compounds such as carotenoids as antioxidant agents through either their capability to quench free radicals or their effect on promoting the antioxidant defense pathway. In this study, the antioxidant effectiveness of carotenoid extract from an extremely halophilic archaeon Halovenus aranensis strain EB27T has been evaluated using different approaches. Finally, the ability of the extracted pigment to induce the antioxidant defense pathway of human primary skin fibroblast cells was studied. Hvn. aranensis carotenoid extract exhibited strong effectiveness such that at 2 µg/ml, the carotenoid extract fully neutralized the oxidative stress of hydrogen peroxide at its EC50 based on MTT assay. Results from real-time PCR of relevant genes, luciferase bioreporter of oxidative stress, and the western blot analysis further confirmed the antioxidant capability of the carotenoids. It was also shown the carotenoid extract had more antioxidant activity compared to β-carotene the same concentration. Results suggest the carotenoid extract from this archaeon to have high potential for clinical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mozaheb
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Aliyan
- Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran, 1991633361, Iran.,Khatam University, Tehran, 1991633356, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran.
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Analysis of Carotenoids in Haloarchaea Species from Atacama Saline Lakes by High Resolution UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry: Antioxidant Potential and Biological Effect on Cell Viability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081230. [PMID: 34439478 PMCID: PMC8389013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are extreme halophilic microorganisms belonging to the domain Archaea, phylum Euryarchaeota, and are producers of interesting antioxidant carotenoid compounds. In this study, four new strains of Haloarcula sp., isolated from saline lakes of the Atacama Desert, are reported and studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) for the first time. In addition, determination of the carotenoid pigment profile from the new strains of Haloarcula sp., plus two strains of Halorubrum tebenquichense, and their antioxidant activity by means of several methods is reported. The effect of biomass on cellular viability in skin cell lines was also evaluated by MTT assay. The cholinesterase inhibition capacity of six haloarchaea (Haloarcula sp. ALT-23; Haloarcula sp. TeSe-41; Haloarcula sp. TeSe-51; Haloarcula sp. Te Se-89 and Halorubrum tebenquichense strains TeSe-85 and Te Se-86) is also reported for the first time. AChE inhibition IC50 was 2.96 ± 0.08 μg/mL and BuChE inhibition IC50 was 2.39 ± 0.09 μg/mL for the most active strain, Halorubrum tebenquichense Te Se-85, respectively, which is more active in BuCHe than that of the standard galantamine. Docking calculation showed that carotenoids can exert their inhibitory activity fitting into the enzyme pocket by their halves, in the presence of cholinesterase dimers.
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Wang S, Narsing Rao MP, Wei D, Sun L, Fang BZ, Li WQ, Yu LH, Li WJ. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of the extremely halophilic archaea, Haloterrigena daqingensis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1482-1488. [PMID: 34245190 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the complete genome sequencing of Haloterrigena daqingensis species. The genome of H. daqingensis JX313T consisted of a circular chromosome with three plasmids. The genome size and G+C content were estimated to be 3835796 bp and 61.7%, respectively. A total of 4158 genes were predicted with six rRNAs and 45 tRNAs. Metabolic pathway analysis suggests that H. daqingensis JX313T codes for all the necessary genes responsible to sustain its life at saline environment. The pan-genome analysis suggests that the number of singleton-gene between H. daqingensis and other Haloterrigena species varied. The study not only helps us understand H. daqingensis strategy for dealing with high stress, but it also provides an overview of its genomic makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center, Harbin, PR China
| | - Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center, Harbin, PR China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei-Qun Li
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li-Hong Yu
- Liaoning Green Agricultural Technology Center, Shen Yang, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Odgerel U, Islam MZ, Kitamura Y, Kokawa M, Odbayar T. Effect of micro wet milling process on particle sizes, antioxidants, organic acids, and specific phenolic compounds of whole sea buckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides
L.) juices. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulziibat Odgerel
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Md. Zohurul Islam
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yutaka Kitamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Mito Kokawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tseye‐Oidov Odbayar
- School of Industrial Technology, Department of Food Engineering Main Campus of MUST Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
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Effect of Carbon Sources in Carotenoid Production from Haloarcula sp. M1, Halolamina sp. M3 and Halorubrum sp. M5, Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Sonora Saltern, Mexico. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051096. [PMID: 34065163 PMCID: PMC8160830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and molecular and chemo-taxonomic identification of seventeen halophilic archaea from the Santa Bárbara saltern, Sonora, México, were performed. Eight strains were selected based on pigmentation. Molecular identification revealed that the strains belonged to the Haloarcula, Halolamina and Halorubrum genera. Neutral lipids (quinones) were identified in all strains. Glycolipid S-DGD was found only in Halolamina sp. strain M3; polar phospholipids 2,3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl-3-sn-glycerol (PG), 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-3′-sn-glycerol-1′-methyl phosphate (PGP-Me) and sodium salt 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol were found in all the strains; and one unidentified glyco-phospholipid in strains M1, M3 and M4. Strains M1, M3 and M5 were selected for further studies based on carotenoid production. The effect of glucose and succinic and glutamic acid on carotenoid production was assessed. In particular, carotenoid production and growth significantly improved in the presence of glucose in strains Haloarcula sp. M1 and Halorubrum sp. M5 but not in Halolamina sp. M3. Glutamic and succinic acid had no effect on carotenoid production, and even was negative for Halorubrum sp. M5. Growth was increased by glutamic and succinic acid on Haloarcula sp. M1 but not in the other strains. This work describes for first time the presence of halophilic archaea in the Santa Bárbara saltern and highlights the differences in the effect of carbon sources on the growth and carotenoid production of haloarchaea.
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Hwang CY, Cho ES, Yoon DJ, Seo MJ. Halobellus ruber sp. nov., a deep red-pigmented extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a Korean solar saltern. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:997-1011. [PMID: 33864546 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel halophilic archaeon, strain MBLA0160T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Sorae, Republic of Korea. The cells are deep-red pigmented, Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, and lysed in distilled water. The strain MBLA0160T grew at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), in 15-30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 20%) and 0.1-1.0 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.3-0.5 M) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence showed that this strain was related to two species within the genus Halobellus (Hbs.), with 98.4% and 95.8% similarity to Hbs. salinus CSW2.24.4 T and Hbs. clavatus TNN18T, respectively. The major polar lipids of the strain MBLA160T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. The genome size, G + C content, and N50 value of MBLA0160T were 3.49 Mb, 66.5 mol%, and 620,127 bp, respectively. According to predicted functional proteins of strain MBLA0160T, the highest category was amino acid transport and metabolism. Genome rapid annotation showed that amino acid and derivatives was the most subsystem feature counts. Pan-genomic analysis showed that strain MBLA0160T had 97 annotated unique KEGG, which were mainly included metabolism and environmental information processing. Ortholog average nucleotide identities (OrthoANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between the strain MBLA0160T and other strains of the genus Halobellus were under 84,4% and 28.1%, respectively. The genome of strain MBLA0160T also contain the biosynthetic gene cluster for C50 carotenoid as secondary metabolite. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic properties, and comparative genomic analyses, strain MBLA0160T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halobellus, for which the name Halobellus ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBLA0160T (= KCTC 4291 T = JCM 34172 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sang Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jun Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Rani A, Saini KC, Bast F, Mehariya S, Bhatia SK, Lavecchia R, Zuorro A. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041142. [PMID: 33672774 PMCID: PMC7924645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Khem Chand Saini
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Felix Bast
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +39-347-494-0910 (S.M.); +39-06-4458-5598 (A.Z.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Roberto Lavecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Zuorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +39-347-494-0910 (S.M.); +39-06-4458-5598 (A.Z.)
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Giani M, Montero-Lobato Z, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, Vega JM, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Haloferax mediterranei Cells as C50 Carotenoid Factories. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020100. [PMID: 33578828 PMCID: PMC7916556 DOI: 10.3390/md19020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea produce C50 carotenoids such as bacterioruberin, which are of biotechnological in-terest. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different environmental and nutritional conditions on the cellular growth and dynamics of carotenoids accumulation in Haloferax mediterranei. The maximum production of carotenoids (40 µg·mL−1) was obtained during the stationary phase of growth, probably due to nutrient-limiting conditions (one-step culture). By seven days of culture, 1 mL culture produced 22.4 mg of dry weight biomass containing 0.18 % (w/w) of carotenoids. On the other hand, carbon-deficient cultures (low C/N ratio) were observed to be optimum for C50 bacterioruberin production by Hfx. mediterranei, but negatively affected the growth of cells. Thus, a two-steps process was evaluated for optimum carotenoids yield. In the first step, a nutri-ent-repleted culture medium enabled the haloarchaea to produce biomass, while in the second step, the biomass was incubated under osmotic stress and in a carbon-deficient medium. Under the conditions used, the obtained biomass contained 0.27% (w/w) of carotenoids after seven days, which accounts for 58.49 µg·mL−1 of carotenoids for a culture with turbidity 14.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (R.M.M.-E.)
| | - Zaida Montero-Lobato
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA-RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Z.M.-L.); (I.G.)
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA-RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Z.M.-L.); (I.G.)
| | - Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA-RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Z.M.-L.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959-218-442
| | - José M. Vega
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (R.M.M.-E.)
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Verma DK, Chaudhary C, Singh L, Sidhu C, Siddhardha B, Prasad SE, Thakur KG. Isolation and Taxonomic Characterization of Novel Haloarchaeal Isolates From Indian Solar Saltern: A Brief Review on Distribution of Bacteriorhodopsins and V-Type ATPases in Haloarchaea. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:554927. [PMID: 33362726 PMCID: PMC7755889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.554927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea inhabit high salinity environments worldwide. They are a potentially rich source of crucial biomolecules like carotenoids and industrially useful proteins. However, diversity in haloarchaea present in Indian high salinity environments is poorly studied. In the present study, we isolated 12 haloarchaeal strains from hypersaline Kottakuppam, Tamil Nadu solar saltern in India. 16S rRNA based taxonomic characterization of these isolates suggested that nine of them are novel strains that belong to genera Haloarcula, Halomicrobium, and Haloferax. Transmission electron microscopy suggests the polymorphic nature of these haloarchaeal isolates. Most of the haloarchaeal species are known to be high producers of carotenoids. We were able to isolate carotenoids from all these 12 isolates. The UV-Vis spectroscopy-based analysis suggests that bacterioruberin and lycopene are the major carotenoids produced by these isolates. Based on the visual inspection of the purified carotenoids, the isolates were classified into two broad categories i.e., yellow and orange, attributed to the differences in the ratio of bacterioruberin and lycopene as confirmed by the UV-Vis spectral analysis. Using a PCR-based screening assay, we were able to detect the presence of the bacteriorhodopsin gene (bop) in 11 isolates. We performed whole-genome sequencing for three bop positive and one bop negative haloarchaeal isolates. Whole-genome sequencing, followed by pan-genome analysis identified multiple unique genes involved in various biological functions. We also successfully cloned, expressed, and purified functional recombinant bacteriorhodopsin (BR) from one of the isolates using Escherichia coli as an expression host. BR has light-driven proton pumping activity resulting in the proton gradient across the membrane, which is utilized by V-Type ATPases to produce ATP. We analyzed the distribution of bop and other accessory genes involved in functional BR expression and ATP synthesis in all the representative haloarchaeal species. Our bioinformatics-based analysis of all the sequenced members of genus Haloarcula suggests that bop, if present, is usually inserted between the genes coding for B and D subunits of the V-type ATPases operon. This study provides new insights into the genomic variations in haloarchaea and reports expression of new BR variant having good expression in functional form in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Verma
- Structural Biology Laboratory, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Chetna Chaudhary
- Structural Biology Laboratory, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Latika Singh
- Structural Biology Laboratory, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandni Sidhu
- MTCC-Microbial Type Culture Collection & Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Busi Siddhardha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Senthil E Prasad
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology Laboratory, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
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Pfeifer K, Ergal İ, Koller M, Basen M, Schuster B, Rittmann SKMR. Archaea Biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 47:107668. [PMID: 33271237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Archaea are a domain of prokaryotic organisms with intriguing physiological characteristics and ecological importance. In Microbial Biotechnology, archaea are historically overshadowed by bacteria and eukaryotes in terms of public awareness, industrial application, and scientific studies, although their biochemical and physiological properties show a vast potential for a wide range of biotechnological applications. Today, the majority of microbial cell factories utilized for the production of value-added and high value compounds on an industrial scale are bacterial, fungal or algae based. Nevertheless, archaea are becoming ever more relevant for biotechnology as their cultivation and genetic systems improve. Some of the main advantages of archaeal cell factories are the ability to cultivate many of these often extremophilic organisms under non-sterile conditions, and to utilize inexpensive feedstocks often toxic to other microorganisms, thus drastically reducing cultivation costs. Currently, the only commercially available products of archaeal cell factories are bacterioruberin, squalene, bacteriorhodopsin and diether-/tetraether-lipids, all of which are produced utilizing halophiles. Other archaeal products, such as carotenoids and biohydrogen, as well as polyhydroxyalkanoates and methane are in early to advanced development stages, respectively. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of Archaea Biotechnology by describing the actual state of research and development as well as the industrial utilization of archaeal cell factories, their role and their potential in the future of sustainable bioprocessing, and to illustrate their physiological and biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pfeifer
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria; Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria
| | - İpek Ergal
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Koller
- Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Mirko Basen
- Microbial Physiology Group, Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria.
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Moopantakath J, Imchen M, Siddhardha B, Kumavath R. 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis reveals predominance of Crtl and CruF genes in Arabian Sea coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140699. [PMID: 32679495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities perform crucial biogeochemical cycles in distinct ecosystems. Halophilic microbial communities are enriched in the saline areas. Hence, haloarchaea have been primarily studied in salterns and marine biosystems with the aim to harness haloarcheal carotenoids biosynthesis. In this study, sediment from several distinct biosystems (mangrove, seashore, estuary, river, lake, salt pan and island) across the Arabian coastal region of India were collected and analyzed though 16s rRNA metagenomic and whole genome approach to elucidated the dominant representative genre, haloarcheal diversity, and the prevalence of Crtl and CruF genes. We found that the microbial diversity in mangrove sediment (794 OTUs) was highest and lowest in lake and river (558-560 OTUs). Moreover, the bacterial domain dominated in all biosystems (96.00-99.45%). Top 10 abundant genera were involved in biochemical cycles such as sulfur, methane, ammonia, hydrocarbon degradation, and antibiotics production. The Archaea was mainly composed of Haloarchaea, Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Methanomicrobia and Crenarchaeota. Carotenoid gene, Crtl, was observed in a major portion (abundance 60%; diversity 45%) of microbial community. Interestingly, we found that all species under haloarcheal class that were represented in fresh as well as marine biosystems encodes CruF gene (bacterioruberin carotenoid). Our study demonstrates the high microbial diversity in various ecosystems, enrichment of Crtl gene, and also shows that Crtl and CruF genes are highly abundant in haloarcheal genera. The finding of ecosystems specific Crtl and CruF encoding genera opens up a promising area in bioprospecting the carotenoid derivatives from the wide range of natural biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamseel Moopantakath
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Busi Siddhardha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India.
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Carotenoids as a Protection Mechanism against Oxidative Stress in Haloferax mediterranei. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111060. [PMID: 33137984 PMCID: PMC7694103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are extremophilic microorganisms that in their natural ecosystem encounter several sources of oxidative stress. They have developed different strategies to cope with these harsh environmental conditions, among which bacterioruberin production is a very notable strategy. Bacterioruberin (BR) is a C50 carotenoid synthesized in response to different types of stress. Previous works demonstrated that it shows interesting antioxidant properties with potential applications in biotechnology. In this study, Haloferax mediterranei strain R-4 was exposed to different concentrations of the oxidant compound H2O2 to evaluate the effect on carotenoid production focusing the attention on the synthesis of bacterioruberin. Hfx. mediterranei was able to grow in the presence of H2O2 from 1 mM to 25 mM. Cells produced between 16% and 78% (w/v) more carotenoids under the induced oxidative stress compared to control cultures. HPLC-MS analysis detected BR as the major identified carotenoid and confirmed the gradual increase of BR content as higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were added to the medium. These results shed some light on the biological role of bacterioruberin in haloarchaea, provide interesting information about the increase of the cellular pigmentation under oxidative stress conditions and will allow the optimization of the production of this pigment at large scale using these microbes as biofactories.
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Gómez-Villegas P, Vigara J, Vila M, Varela J, Barreira L, Léon R. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Bioactive Potential of Two New Haloarchaeal Strains Isolated from Odiel Salterns (Southwest Spain). BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090298. [PMID: 32962162 PMCID: PMC7564620 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Halophilic archaea are microorganisms that inhabit in extreme environments for life, under salt saturation, high temperature and elevated UV radiation. The interest in these microorganisms lies on the properties of their molecules, that present high salt and temperature tolerance, as well as, antioxidant power, being an excellent source of compounds for several biotechnological applications. However, the bioactive properties from haloarcahaea remain scarcely studied compared to other groups as plants or algae, usually reported as good health promoters. In this work we describe the isolation and the molecular identification of two new haloarchaeal strains from Odiel salterns (SW Spain), and the antioxidant, antimicrobial and bioactive potential of their extracts. The results revealed that the extracts obtained with acetone presented the highest activities in the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assays, becoming a promising source of metabolites with applied interest in pharmacy, cosmetics and food industry. Abstract The need to survive in extreme environments has furnished haloarchaea with a series of components specially adapted to work in such conditions. The possible application of these molecules in the pharmaceutical and industrial fields has received increasing attention; however, many potential bioactivities of haloarchaea are still poorly explored. In this paper, we describe the isolation and identification of two new haloarchaeal strains from the saltern ponds located in the marshlands of the Odiel River, in the southwest of Spain, as well as the in vitro assessment of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bioactive properties. The acetone extract obtained from the new isolated Haloarcula strain exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while the acetone extracts from both isolated strains demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity, especially against other halophilic microorganisms. Moreover, these extracts showed a remarkable ability to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 and to activate the melanogenic enzyme tyrosinase, indicating their potential against chronic inflammation and skin pigmentation disorders. Finally, the aqueous protein-rich extracts obtained from both haloarchaea exhibited an important inhibitory effect on the activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, involved in the hydrolysis of cholinergic neurotransmitters and related to several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Marta Vila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Rosa Léon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-95-921-9951
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Verma DK, Vasudeva G, Sidhu C, Pinnaka AK, Prasad SE, Thakur KG. Biochemical and Taxonomic Characterization of Novel Haloarchaeal Strains and Purification of the Recombinant Halotolerant α-Amylase Discovered in the Isolate. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2082. [PMID: 32983058 PMCID: PMC7490331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are salt-loving archaea and potential source of industrially relevant halotolerant enzymes. In the present study, three reddish-pink, extremely halophilic archaeal strains, namely wsp1 (wsp-water sample Pondicherry), wsp3, and wsp4, were isolated from the Indian Solar saltern. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggests that both wsp3 and wsp4 strains belong to Halogeometricum borinquense while wsp1 is closely related to Haloferax volcanii species. The comparative genomics revealed an open pangenome for both genera investigated here. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that these isolates have multiple copies of industrially/biotechnologically important unique genes and enzymes. Among these unique enzymes, for recombinant expression and purification, we selected four putative α-amylases identified in these three isolates. We successfully purified functional halotolerant recombinant Amy2, from wsp1 using pelB signal sequence-based secretion strategy using Escherichia coli as an expression host. This method may prove useful to produce functional haloarchaeal secretory recombinant proteins suitable for commercial or research applications. Biochemical analysis of Amy2 suggests the halotolerant nature of the enzyme having maximum enzymatic activity observed at 1 M NaCl. We also report the isolation and characterization of carotenoids purified from these isolates. This study highlights the presence of several industrially important enzymes in the haloarchaeal strains which may potentially have improved features like stability and salt tolerance suitable for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Verma
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gunjan Vasudeva
- MTCC-Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandni Sidhu
- MTCC-Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil K Pinnaka
- MTCC-Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Senthil E Prasad
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Kim M, Jung DH, Seo DH, Chung WH, Seo MJ. Genome analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226 reveals a well-conserved C 30 carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:150. [PMID: 32181112 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are group of colored terpenoids with antioxidant properties and widespread in nature including in microorganisms. Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226 was previously isolated from kimchi, while exhibiting the production of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene as a C30 carotenoid. In this study, full genome sequencing of the strain KCCP11226 was performed. Genome analysis revealed that the dehydrosqualene synthase (crtM) and dehydrosqualene desaturase (crtN) genes, which are major genes for biosynthesis of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene, were shown to act as an operon in most L. plantarum strains, but they were uncommon in other Lactobacillus species. In vitro experiments revealed that the production of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene was greatly increased by oxidative stress. In this situation, mRNA expressions of crtN and crtM were also significantly increased. In conclusion, genome analysis of L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226 suggested the presence of a well-conserved C30 carotenoid biosynthetic pathway that includes the crtM-crtN operon. The genomic information on L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226 could further elucidate the functions of genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, especially in C30 carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Flores N, Hoyos S, Venegas M, Galetović A, Zúñiga LM, Fábrega F, Paredes B, Salazar-Ardiles C, Vilo C, Ascaso C, Wierzchos J, Souza-Egipsy V, Araya JE, Batista-García RA, Gómez-Silva B. Haloterrigena sp. Strain SGH1, a Bacterioruberin-Rich, Perchlorate-Tolerant Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From Halite Microbial Communities, Atacama Desert, Chile. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32194531 PMCID: PMC7066086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extreme halophilic archaeon, strain SGH1, is a novel microorganism isolated from endolithic microbial communities colonizing halites at Salar Grande, Atacama Desert, in northern Chile. Our study provides structural, biochemical, genomic, and physiological information on this new isolate living at the edge of the physical and chemical extremes at the Atacama Desert. SGH1 is a Gram-negative, red-pigmented, non-motile unicellular coccoid organism. Under the transmission electron microscope, strain SGH1 showed an abundant electro-dense material surrounding electron-lucent globular structures resembling gas vacuoles. Strain SGH1 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence with a close phylogenetic relationship to the extreme halophilic archaea Haloterrigena turkmenica and Haloterrigena salina and has been denominated Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1. Strain SGH1 grew at 20-40°C (optimum 37°C), at salinities between 15 and 30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 25%) and growth was improved by addition of 50 mM KCl and 0.5% w/v casamino acids. Growth was severely restricted at salinities below 15% NaCl and cell lysis is avoided at a minimal 10% NaCl. Maximal concentrations of magnesium chloride and sodium or magnesium perchlorates that supported SGH1 growth were 0.5 and 0.15M, respectively. Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1 accumulates bacterioruberin (BR), a C50 xanthophyll, as the major carotenoid. Total carotenoids in strain SGH1 amounted to nearly 400 μg BR per gram of dry biomass. Nearly 80% of total carotenoids accumulated as geometric isomers of BR: all-trans-BR (50%), 5-cis-BR (15%), 9-cis-BR (10%), 13-cis-BR (4%); other carotenoids were dehydrated derivatives of BR. Carotenogenesis in SGH1 was a reversible and salt-dependent process; transferring BR-rich cells grown in 25% (w/v) NaCl to 15% (w/v) NaCl medium resulted in depigmentation, and BR content was recovered after transference and growth of unpigmented cells to high salinity medium. Methanol extracts and purified BR isomers showed an 8-9-fold higher antioxidant activity than Trolox or β-carotene. Both, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements under acute 18-h assays showed that purified BR isomers were non-toxic to cultured human THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Flores
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Sebastián Hoyos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mauricio Venegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexandra Galetović
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Lidia M. Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisca Fábrega
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Bernardo Paredes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia Vilo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carmen Ascaso
- Department Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacek Wierzchos
- Department Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Institute of Material Structure – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Medical Technology and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Benito Gómez-Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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45
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Tan K, Zhang H, Lim LS, Ma H, Li S, Zheng H. Roles of Carotenoids in Invertebrate Immunology. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3041. [PMID: 32010132 PMCID: PMC6979042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are biologically active pigments that are well-known to enhance the defense and immunity of the vertebrate system. However, in invertebrates, the role of carotenoids in immunity is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to review the scientific evidence for the role of carotenoids in invertebrate immunization. From the analysis of published literatures and recent studies from our laboratory, it is obvious that carotenoids are involved in invertebrate immunity in two ways. On the one hand, carotenoids can act as antioxidant enzymes to remove singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, thereby reducing SOD activity and reducing the cost of immunity. In some organisms, carotenoids have been shown to promote SOD activity by up-regulating the expression of the ZnCuSOD gene. Carotenoids, on the other hand, play a role in the expression and regulation of many genes involved in invertebrate immunity, including thioredoxins (TRX), peptidoglycan recognition receptor proteins (PGRPs), ferritins, prophenoloxidase (ProPO), vitellogenin (Vg), toll-like receptor (TLRs), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and CuZnSOD gene. The information in this review is very useful for updating our understanding of the progress of carotenoid research in invertebrate immunology and to help identify topics for future topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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46
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Cojoc LR, Enache MI, Neagu SE, Lungulescu M, Setnescu R, Ruginescu R, Gomoiu I. Carotenoids produced by halophilic bacterial strains on mural paintings and laboratory conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5645233. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Due to the presence of efflorescences and improper microclimate conditions for conservation, pink-pigmented areas were reported in two historic monuments in Northern and Central part of Romania. The aims of the present study were to find the nature of pink pigments observed on the pictorial layer, original and infilling mortar, to investigate the presence of carotenoids both on mural paintings and in the isolated halophilic bacterial strains and to preliminary characterize and identify the producing strains. Their role in the aesthetical biodeterioration of historic monuments was also pointed out. Obtained Raman spectra of the pink pigments extracted both from the isolated bacterial cultures (molecularly identified as mostly related to Halobacillus hunanensis and Halobacillus naozhouensis) and from the mural painting samples contain diagnostic bands of carotenoids. These results were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The strong Raman signal of bacterial carotenoids detected on mural painting indicated their potential use as biomarker molecules in the evaluation of contamination and state of conservation of mural paintings and lithic monuments. Our results contribute to opening a new direction in cultural heritage restoration to assess the conservation status on the basis of interdisciplinary research, starting with spectroscopic methods (Raman, FTIR) and confirmed by microbiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Cojoc
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M I Enache
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S E Neagu
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Lungulescu
- Radiochemistry Department, R&D Institute for Electrical Engineering, 313 Splaiul Unirii, District 3, 030138, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Setnescu
- Radiochemistry Department, R&D Institute for Electrical Engineering, 313 Splaiul Unirii, District 3, 030138, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Ruginescu
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I Gomoiu
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
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Salvador-Castell M, Tourte M, Oger PM. In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4434. [PMID: 31505830 PMCID: PMC6770870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane regulators such as sterols and hopanoids play a major role in the physiological and physicochemical adaptation of the different plasmic membranes in Eukarya and Bacteria. They are key to the functionalization and the spatialization of the membrane, and therefore indispensable for the cell cycle. No archaeon has been found to be able to synthesize sterols or hopanoids to date. They also lack homologs of the genes responsible for the synthesis of these membrane regulators. Due to their divergent membrane lipid composition, the question whether archaea require membrane regulators, and if so, what is their nature, remains open. In this review, we review evidence for the existence of membrane regulators in Archaea, and propose tentative location and biological functions. It is likely that no membrane regulator is shared by all archaea, but that they may use different polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, polyprenols, quinones and apolar polyisoprenoids, in response to specific stressors or physiological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Salvador-Castell
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maxime Tourte
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe M Oger
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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48
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Giani M, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Haloarchaeal Carotenoids: Healthy Novel Compounds from Extreme Environments. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090524. [PMID: 31500208 PMCID: PMC6780574 DOI: 10.3390/md17090524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are halophilic microorganisms belonging to the archaea domain that inhabit salty environments (mainly soils and water) all over the world. Most of the genera included in this group can produce carotenoids at significant concentrations (even wild-type strains). The major carotenoid produced by the cells is bacterioruberin (and its derivatives), which is only produced by this kind of microbes and few bacteria, like Micrococcus roseus. Nevertheless, the understanding of carotenoid metabolism in haloarchaea, its regulation, and the roles of carotenoid derivatives in this group of extreme microorganisms remains mostly unrevealed. Besides, potential biotechnological uses of haloarchaeal pigments are poorly explored. This work summarises what it has been described so far about carotenoids from haloarchaea and their production at mid- and large-scale, paying special attention to the most recent findings on the potential uses of haloarchaeal pigments in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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49
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Fariq A, Yasmin A, Jamil M. Production, characterization and antimicrobial activities of bio-pigments by Aquisalibacillus elongatus MB592, Salinicoccus sesuvii MB597, and Halomonas aquamarina MB598 isolated from Khewra Salt Range, Pakistan. Extremophiles 2019; 23:435-449. [PMID: 31065815 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypersaline ecosystems offer unique habitats to microbial populations capable of withstanding extreme stress conditions and producing novel metabolites of commercial importance. Herein, we have characterized for the first time the production of bioactive pigments from newly isolated halophilic bacterial species. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from Khewra Salt Range of Pakistan. Three distinctly colored isolates were selected for pigment production. Selected colonies were identified as Aquisalibacillus elongatus MB592, Salinicoccus sesuvii MB597, and Halomonas aquamarina MB598 based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological evidences as well as 16S rRNA analysis. The optimum pigment production observed at mesophilic condition, nearly neutral pH, and moderate salinity was validated using response surface methodology. Different analytical techniques (UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and HPLC) characterized these purified pigments as derivatives of bacterioruberin carotenoids. Antioxidant activity of pigments revealed up to 85% free-radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 30 µg ml-1. Pigments also showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas geniculata, Enterococcus faecium, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, and Mucor spp., suggesting potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Fariq
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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50
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Zalazar L, Pagola P, Miró M, Churio M, Cerletti M, Martínez C, Iniesta-Cuerda M, Soler A, Cesari A, De Castro R. Bacterioruberin extracts from a genetically modified hyperpigmented Haloferax volcanii
strain: antioxidant activity and bioactive properties on sperm cells. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:796-810. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zalazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; FCEyN; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - P. Pagola
- Departamento de Química; FCEyN (UNMDP); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - M.V. Miró
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; FCEyN; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - M.S. Churio
- Departamento de Química; FCEyN (UNMDP); Mar del Plata Argentina
- IFIMAR; Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (CONICET-UNMDP); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - M. Cerletti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; FCEyN; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - C. Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; FCEyN; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - M. Iniesta-Cuerda
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM). ETSIAM. Campus Universitario; Albacete Spain
| | - A.J. Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM). ETSIAM. Campus Universitario; Albacete Spain
| | - A. Cesari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; FCEyN; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - R. De Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; FCEyN; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Argentina
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