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Fresno M, Pavez L, Poblete Y, Cortez A, Del Pozo T. Unveiling antimicrobial resistance in Chilean fertilized soils: a One Health perspective on environmental AMR surveillance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239761. [PMID: 38107869 PMCID: PMC10722175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to humans and animals as well as the environment. Within agricultural settings, the utilization of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry can lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. In Chile, the widespread use of animal-derived organic amendments, including manure and compost, requires an examination of the potential emergence of AMR resulting from their application. The aim of this research was to identify and compare AMR genes found in fertilized soils and manure in Los Andes city, Chile. Soil samples were collected from an agricultural field, comprising unamended soils, amended soils, and manure used for crop fertilization. The selected genes (n = 28) included genes associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, polymyxins, macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, as well as mobile genetic elements and multidrug resistance genes. Twenty genes were successfully identified in the samples. Tetracycline resistance genes displayed the highest prevalence, followed by MGE and sulfonamides, while quinolone resistance genes were comparatively less abundant. Notably, blaOXA, sulA, tetO, tetW, tetM, aac (6) ib., and intI1, exhibited higher frequencies in unamended soils, indicating their potential persistence within the soil microbiome and contribution to the perpetuation of AMR over time. Given the complex nature of AMR, it is crucial to adopt an integrated surveillance framework that embraces the One Health approach, involving multiple sectors, to effectively address this challenge. This study represents the first investigation of antimicrobial resistance genes in agricultural soils in Chile, shedding light on the presence and dynamics of AMR in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Fresno
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- Red CYTED-USCC. CYTED 412RT0117: Una Salud en Iberoamérica y El Caribe frente al cambio climático y la pérdida de biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- Núcleo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas (NICB), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yanina Poblete
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Cortez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Talía Del Pozo
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
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Monteiro GP, Melo RTD, Guidotti-takeuchi M, Dumont CF, Ribeiro RAC, Guerra W, Ramos LMS, Paixão DA, Santos FALD, Rodrigues DDP, Boleij P, Hoepers PG, Rossi DA. A Ternary Copper (II) Complex with 4-Fluorophenoxyacetic Acid Hydrazide in Combination with Antibiotics Exhibits Positive Synergistic Effect against Salmonella Typhimurium. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:388. [PMID: 35326852 PMCID: PMC8944508 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. continues to figure prominently in world epidemiological registries as one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne disease. We characterised 43 Brazilian lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) strains, characterized drug resistance patterns, tested copper (II) complex as control options, and proposed effective antimicrobial measures. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated for seven antimicrobials, isolated and combined with the copper (II) complex [Cu(4-FH)(phen)(ClO4)2] (4-FH = 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), known as DRI-12, in planktonic and sessile ST. In parallel, 42 resistance genes were screened (PCR/microarray). All strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). Resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins (86 and 88%, respectively) have drawn attention to the emergence of the problem in Brazil, and resistance is observed also to CIP and CFT (42 and 67%, respectively), the drugs of choice in treatment. Resistance to beta-lactams was associated with the genes blaTEM/blaCTX-M in 39% of the strains. Lower concentrations of DRI-12 (62.7 mg/L, or 100 μM) controlled planktonic and sessile ST in relation to AMP/SUL/TET and AMP/SUL/TET/COL, respectively. The synergistic effect provided by DRI-12 was significant for COL/CFT and COL/AMP in planktonic and sessile ST, respectively, and represents promising alternatives for the control of MDR ST.
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Shittu OB, Uzairue LI, Ojo OE, Obuotor TM, Folorunso JB, Raheem-Ademola RR, Olanipekun G, Ajose T, Medugu N, Ebruke B, Obaro SK. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from droppings of layer chicken in two farms in Nigeria. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3891-3906. [PMID: 35129256 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica serovar from two commercial farms in Nigeria. METHODS AND RESULTS Salmonella isolation was performed according to the United States Food and Drug Agency (USFDA) method. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of resistance and virulence genes were done using the Kauffman-White Scheme, disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Salmonella serovars were isolated from only farm A at 22/50 (44.0%) while none were isolated from farm B. Salmonella Typhi, 9 (40.9%); Salmonella Typhimurium, 2 (9.1%), Salmonella Enteritidis, 2 (9.1%), Salmonella Pullorum, 1 (4.5%), Salmonella Kentucky, 4 (18.2%) were identified while 4 (18.2%) were untypable. Sixteen isolates (72.7%) showed multiple drug resistance and 17 different resistance profile types with AMP-CHL-TRM-SXT as the most prevalent pattern. Resistance genes (blaTEM, 12/22 (54.5%) and virulence genes (InvA, sopB, mgtC, and spi4D, 22/22 (100.0%), ssaQ, 16/22 (72.7%), and spvC, 13/22 (59.1%) were found, while blaSHV, blaCTX-M, floR, tetA, tetB, tetG, and LJSGI-1 genes were absent. CONCLUSION Pathogenic Salmonella were isolated from the chicken droppings in this study. Most of these strains were resistant to antibiotics and possessed characteristics of virulence. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Chicken droppings from this study area contained pathogenic strains of Salmonella and a rare occurrence of Salmonella Typhi. The study revealed that the environment and the food chain could be at risk of contamination of highly virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella. These could affect the profitability of the poultry industry and food consumption. There is a need for caution in indiscriminate disposal of poultry waste and the use of uncomposted chicken droppings in soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke B Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Leonard I Uzairue
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.,International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi E Ojo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope M Obuotor
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Jamiu B Folorunso
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace Olanipekun
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Ajose
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nubwa Medugu
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bernard Ebruke
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Stephen K Obaro
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria.,Pediatric Infectious Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Olubusola OO, Onogu AN, Ray JA, Olorundare O, Ezemokwe GC, Nnadi UP, Agwom F, Morenikeji OR, Nanko G, Ngene AC, Aguiyi JC, Leptihn S, Nnadi NE. Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0057621. [PMID: 34854703 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00576-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis causes the highest incidence of human salmonellosis infections. Here, we describe the whole-genome sequence and annotation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain 1145s, isolated in Nigeria. The strain has a genome of 4.57 Mb with a GC content of 52% and contains one plasmid.
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Fardsanei F, Soltan Dallal MM, Zahraei Salehi T, Douraghi M, Memariani M, Memariani H. Antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence gene profiles, and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in various Iranian cities. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:914-921. [PMID: 34712421 PMCID: PMC8528249 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54019.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles and presence of virulence genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in various regions of Iran. Moreover, genetic relatedness among the strains was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods From April through September 2017, 59 Salmonella strains were isolated from 2116 stool samples. Of these strains, 27 S. Enteritidis were recovered. These strains were subjected to disk diffusion tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of virulence genes (invA, hilA, pefA, rck, stn, ssrA, ssaR, sefA, spvC, sipA, sipC, sopB, sopE, and sopE2), and PFGE. Results High prevalence of resistance towards cefuroxime (n = 20, 74.1%) and ciprofloxacin (n = 13, 48.2%) were demonstrated. All tested strains possessed invA, hilA, sefA, sipA, sopB, and sopE. The least prevalent virulence gene was rck (n = 6; 22.2%). Based on combinations of virulence genes, 12 virulotypes were observed. The most common virulotype was VP2 (n = 12; 44.4%), harboring all of the virulence genes except for rck. PFGE typing showed only two distinct fingerprints among tested strains. Each fingerprint had completely different virulotypes. Notably, VP4 (harboring all genes except for rck and spvC) was only presented in pulsotype A, while VP2 was confined to pulsotype B. Conclusion S. Enteritidis strains were derived from a limited number of clones, suggesting that it is highly homogenous. Future works should consider combinations of other genotyping methods together with larger sample sizes from more diverse sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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Zeballos-Gross D, Rojas-Sereno Z, Salgado-Caxito M, Poeta P, Torres C, Benavides JA. The Role of Gulls as Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: A Scoping Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703886. [PMID: 34367104 PMCID: PMC8343230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of wildlife with long-range dispersal such as gulls in the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across natural and anthropogenic aquatic environments remains poorly understood. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected in resident and migratory gulls worldwide for more than a decade, suggesting gulls as either sentinels of AMR pollution from anthropogenic sources or independent reservoirs that could maintain and disperse AMR across aquatic environments. However, confirming either of these roles remains challenging and incomplete. In this review, we present current knowledge on the geographic regions where AMR has been detected in gulls, the molecular characterization of resistance genes, and the evidence supporting the capacity of gulls to disperse AMR across regions or countries. We identify several limitations of current research to assess the role of gulls in the spread of AMR including most studies not identifying the source of AMR, few studies comparing bacteria isolated in gulls with other wild or domestic species, and almost no study performing longitudinal sampling over a large period of time to assess the maintenance and dispersion of AMR by gulls within and across regions. We suggest future research required to confirm the role of gulls in the global dispersion of AMR including the standardization of sampling protocols, longitudinal sampling using advanced satellite tracking, and whole-genome sequencing typing. Finally, we discuss the public health implications of the spread of AMR by gulls and potential solutions to limit its spread in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Zeballos-Gross
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zulma Rojas-Sereno
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Julio A Benavides
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
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Cardoso MD, Santos AFDM, Rodrigues MDS, Pribul BR, Grael AS, Pedroso VM, Pires JR, Travassos CEPF, Domit C, Vieira-Da-Motta O, Rodrigues DDP, Siciliano S. Salmonella spp. profiles isolated from seabird samples from the Brazilian coast. Prev Vet Med 2021; 193:105413. [PMID: 34175569 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In view of growing concerns, in a One Health context, regarding the transport and dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms among seabirds and other vertebrate animals, including humans, the aim of this study was to identify Salmonella spp. in stranded and non-stranded resident and migratory wild seabirds from the Brazilian coast. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular profiles, quinolone resistance genes and antigenic characterization of the isolates were also carried out. Fresh faeces and cloacal swabs were obtained totaling 122 seabirds sampled throughout different Brazilian coast regions. At the laboratory, sample culturing, Salmonella spp. isolation and biochemical identification were performed, followed by antigenic profile identification by serum agglutination, susceptibility profile characterization by the agar disc diffusion technique, detection of quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS) using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique (multiplex PCR) and, finally, isolates profiles identification by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was identified in 7% of the studied birds, comprising three different serovars: Panama (63 %), Typhimurium (25 %) and Newport (13 %). The most important findings reported herein are the first description of Salmonella panama in seabirds and the totality of isolates being resistant (or intermediate) to at least one tested antimicrobial, with emphasis on quinolone resistance. The molecular results suggest that the observed resistance cannot be explained by the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. The PFGE suggests that the Panama and Newport profiles detected herein are not yet widespread in Brazil, unlike Typhimurium, which is already well distributed throughout the country. Considering this finding, we suggest that seabirds are an important link in the epidemiological chain of this serovar. The monitoring of these bacteria in seabirds, as well as of their susceptibility profiles to antimicrobials, must be continuous, strengthening the role of these animals as environmental health indicators and sentinels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Duarte Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, RJ, Brazil.
| | - André Felipe Das Mercês Santos
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 316, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Marcelle Da Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 316, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Rocha Pribul
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 316, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Soffiatti Grael
- Setor de Animais Selvagens, Hospital Universitário de Medicina Veterinária Firmino Mársico Filho, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - Avenida Almirante Ary Parreiras, 503, Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ, 24220-000, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Marques Pedroso
- Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - Rua Tenente Capitão Heitor Perdigão, 10, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96200-580, Brazil.
| | - Jeferson Rocha Pires
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna Silvestre, Universidade Estácio de Sá - Estrada da Boca do Mato, 850, Vargem Pequena, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22783-320, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eurico Pires Ferreira Travassos
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Camila Domit
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira Mar, s/n, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, 83255-000, Brazil.
| | - Olney Vieira-Da-Motta
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 316, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 217, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos, Rua São José, 1260, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ, 28970-000, Brazil.
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Li C, Zhang Z, Xu X, He S, Zhao X, Cui Y, Zhou X, Shi C, Liu Y, Zhou M, Shi X. Molecular Characterization of Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 Isolates Carrying blaCTX-M from Children with Diarrhea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:702-711. [PMID: 33534635 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is an important foodborne pathogen with high prevalence of resistance to cephalosporins, imposing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, a total of 162 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates collected from child patients in China from 2007 to 2017 were characterized for their resistance to cephalosporins and investigated the transmission characteristics of cephalosporin resistance gene. We found that 15 (9.26%) isolates were all resistant to cefalotin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥512 μg/mL), ceftazidime (MIC 16-128 μg/mL), ceftriaxone (MIC 64 to ≥512 μg/mL), ceftiofur (MIC 64-256 μg/mL), and cefotaxime (MIC 64 to ≥512 μg/mL) with the possession of cephalosporin resistance genes blaCTX-M-55 (n = 13), blaCTX-M-101 (n = 1), and blaCTX-M-153 (n = 1). Molecular typing further revealed that these 15 isolates belonged to sequence type ST11 and shared close pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, suggesting the possibility of clonal spread in Salmonella Enteritidis interspecies. Furthermore, conjugation experiments were successfully performed in 13 of 15 isolates, and blaCTX-M-55 was present on conjugative plasmids with sizes ranging from 54.7 to 173.4 kb. Compared with recipient Escherichia coli C600, transconjugants conferred elevated MICs for cephalosporins ranging from 2- to 2048-fold. The genetic structure surrounding of blaCTX-M-55 gene in transconjugants were ΔISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477 (n = 8) and ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477 (n = 3), respectively. Taken together, blaCTX-M on the plasmids might contribute to cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis, and conjugative transfer of blaCTX-M-55 might facilitate the spread of cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis. Hence, effective mitigation measurements are needed to reduce the threat caused by cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengfeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoukui He
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Donoso A, Paredes N, Retamal P. Detection of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains in Larval and Adult Forms of Lesser Mealworm ( Alphitobius diaperinus) From Industrial Poultry Farms. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:577848. [PMID: 33195584 PMCID: PMC7581672 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.577848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) constitute a common cosmopolitan pest in poultry flocks and may colonize the litter in adult and larval forms. Previous studies have documented their potential as carriers of enteric pathogens. In this context, S. enterica constitutes a prioritized zoonotic agent in the poultry industry due to the sanitary risks and economic losses associated with its presence. The aim of this study is to describe the presence of S. enterica strains in larval and adult forms of A. diaperinus collected from poultry litter belonging to industrial farms located in the central zone of Chile. A total of 403 specimens (203 adults and 200 larvae) were sampled from three farms and 25 flocks. For bacteriological isolation, beetles were processed to differentiate external and internal contamination. Then, isolates were serotyped according to the Kauffman-White scheme and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were determined using the disk diffusion method. Gene sequences from the megaplasmid pESI were identified through a PCR based test. These procedures led to the detection of 15 S. enterica isolates, belonging to serotypes Infantis (14) and Livingstone (1), from both adults (6) and larval (9) specimens, with a similar external (7) and internal (8) distribution. Furthermore, all S. Infantis isolates showed antimicrobial resistance and evidence of megaplasmid pESI carriage, with all possessing multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Our results confirm that A. diaperinus constitutes a potential reservoir of zoonotic Salmonella strains of sanitary and economic concern for the industry and for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Donoso
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Paredes
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Retamal
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mansour MN, Yaghi J, El Khoury A, Felten A, Mistou MY, Atoui A, Radomski N. Prediction of Salmonella serovars isolated from clinical and food matrices in Lebanon and genomic-based investigation focusing on Enteritidis serovar. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108831. [PMID: 32854018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars are considered major causes of food poisoning and we performed this study because Salmonella is a burden in Lebanon. The present study investigated the ability of genomic information to predict serovar using a collection of Salmonella isolates from infected humans (n = 24) and contaminated food (n = 63) in Lebanon. Further, the phylogenomic relationships of the serovar the predominated in Lebanon (i.e., S. Enteritidis; n = 25) were investigated in comparison with isolates from other countries (n = 130) based on coregenome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic elements, specifically Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), plasmid replicons, and antibiotic-resistance genes were screened in S. Enteritidis genomes (n = 155). Our results revealed that the Salmonella serovars identification by seroagglutination from the samples isolated in Lebanon (n = 87) was highly correlated with the genomic-based prediction of serovars (80.4-85.0% with SeqSero1 and 93.1-94.2% with SeqSero2). The Salmonella serovars isolated from human and food samples in Lebanon were mainly Enteritidis (28.7%) and Infantis (26%). To a rare extent, other serovars included Amager, Anatum, Bredeney, Chincol, Heidelberg, Hofit, Kentucky, Montevideo, Muenster, Newport, Schwarzengrund, Senftenberg and Typhimurium. In comparison with other countries, S. Enteritidis samples isolated in Lebanon (56 ± 27 intra-group pairwise SNP differences) presented a strong phylogenomic relativeness at the coregenome level with samples, as for example with samples isolated from Syria (65 ± 31 inter-group pairwise SNP differences). Most of the studied S. Enteritidis genomes encoded 10 SPIs involved in survival in immune cells (i.e. SPIs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17). The plasmid replicons IncFIB (S)_1 and IncFII (S)_1 encoding elements involved in virulence were identified in the majority of the S. Enteritidis genomes (94% and 96%, respectively), the majority exhibiting aminoglycosides (gene aac(6')-Iaa_1). The IncI_1_Alpha replicon responsible for ampicillin-resistance was only detected in 2 of 25 S. Enteritidis Lebanese strains. Genomic-based risk assessment of Salmonella serovars in Lebanon showed that food imported from Syria might be an origin of the S. Enteritidis human cases in Lebanon. The detection of several SPIs involved in the survival, plasmid replicons involved in virulence, and aminoglycoside-resistance genes, emphasizes that S. Enteritidis is of paramount importance for public health in Lebanon and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Noel Mansour
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche « Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire » (UR-TVA), Faculty of Sciences, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Campus of Sciences and Technologies, Mar Roukos, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Yaghi
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche « Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire » (UR-TVA), Faculty of Sciences, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Campus of Sciences and Technologies, Mar Roukos, Lebanon.
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche « Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire » (UR-TVA), Faculty of Sciences, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Campus of Sciences and Technologies, Mar Roukos, Lebanon.
| | - Arnaud Felten
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety (LSAL), Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, From Genomes to the Environment (MaIAGE), National Institute for Agricultural, Food and Environmental Research (INRAE), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety (LSAL), Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Wisittipanit N, Pulsrikarn C, Wutthiosot S, Pinmongkhonkul S, Poonchareon K. Application of machine learning algorithm and modified high resolution DNA melting curve analysis for molecular subtyping of Salmonella isolates from various epidemiological backgrounds in northern Thailand. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:103. [PMID: 32613458 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Food poisoning from consumption of food contaminated with non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. is a global problem. A modified high resolution DNA melting curve analysis (m-HRMa) was introduced to provide effective discrimination among closely related HRM curves of amplicons generated from selected Salmonella genome sequences enabled Salmonella spp. to be classified into discrete clusters. Combination of m-HRMa with serogroup identification (ms-HRMa) helped improve assignment of Salmonella spp. into clusters. In addition, a machine learning (dynamic time warping) algorithm (DTW) was employed to provide a simple and rapid protocol for clustering analysis as well as to create phylogeny tree of Salmonella strains (n = 40) collected from home, farms and slaughter houses in northern Thailand. Applications of DTW and ms-HRMa clustering analyses were capable of generating molecular signatures of the Salmonella isolates, resulting in 25 ms-HRM and 28 DTW clusters compared to 14 clusters from a standard HRM analysis, and the combination of both analyses permitted molecular subtyping of each Salmonella isolate. Results from DTW and ms-HRMa cluster analyses were in good agreement with that obtained from enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR clustering. While conventional serotyping of Clusters 1 and 2 revealed six different Salmonella serotypes, the majority being S. Weltevraden, the new Salmonella subtyping protocol identified five S. Weltevraden subtypes with S.Weltevreden subtype DTW4-M1 being predominant. Based on knowledge of the sources of Salmonella subtypes, transmission of S. Weltevraden in northern Thailand was likely to be farm-to-farm through contaminated chicken stool. In conclusion, the rapid, robust and specific Salmonella subtyping developed in the study can be performed in a local setting, enabling swift control and preventive measures to be initiated against potential epidemics of salmonellosis.
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Zhang P, Song M, Dou L, Xiao Y, Li K, Shen G, Ying B, Geng J, Yang D, Wu Z. Development of a fluorescent DNA nanomachine for ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella enteritidis without labeling and enzymes. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:376. [PMID: 32518968 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A capture probe complex containing a specific Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) aptamer and partly hybridized signal trigger sequence was designed with the ability to directly detect viable S. enteritidis. In the presence of the target S. enteritidis, single-stranded trigger sequences were liberated and in turn reacted with hairpins I, II, and III to initiate the triple strand migration reaction; this in turn produced numerous hairpin I·II·III complexes with scaffolds of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and replaced the trigger sequence which initiated the next cycle of triple migration reaction. Cyclically, the reuse of the trigger sequences and the successive, cascading production of scaffolds of CuNPs achieved the synthesis of highly fluorescent CuNPs, thus providing significantly enhanced fluorescent signals to achieve ultrasensitive detection of live S. enteritidis as low as 25 CFU/mL with a linear range of detection from 50 to 104 CFU/mL with an emission wavelength at 590 nm. By integrating the triple cascade strand migration amplification with recyclable trigger sequences, aptamer-based target recognition, and self-protection mediated by CuNPs hairpin scaffolds, this is the first report on a non-labeled, non-enzymatic, modification-free, and DNA extraction-free ultrasensitive fluorescent biosensor for the direct detection of live Salmonella, which is distinguished from dead Salmonella. It also provides a new strategy to detect viable bacteria by applying the CuNPs, thus extending the application of metal nanoparticles. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengxiao Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linqin Dou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiju Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guangzhen Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
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Tardone R, Rivera D, Dueñas F, Sallaberry-Pincheira N, Hamilton-West C, Adell AD, Moreno-Switt AI. Salmonella in Raptors and Aquatic Wild Birds in Chile. J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:707-12. [PMID: 32243246 DOI: 10.7589/2019-08-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the main causes of gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Wild birds are capable of harboring a variety of Salmonella serovars, which could have an important role in the epidemiology of salmonellosis in humans and production animals. We tested 519 fecal samples from raptors and aquatic birds from different regions of central (three rehabilitation centers for wildlife and the coastal area) and southern areas of Chile for Salmonella. All samples were obtained in 2015 and 2017, covering all four seasons. Salmonella was isolated from 12 of the 519 samples (2%) analyzed, from two carnivorous birds, four birds with generalist habits, and six waterfowl. Among the isolates obtained, one showed resistance to gentamicin, and one showed a multidrug-resistance phenotype, with resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. These results demonstrated the importance of characterizing Salmonella in wild birds because previous studies have shown genetic and phenotypic evidence suggesting interspecies transmission of Salmonella enterica that is resistant to antimicrobials between humans and wild and domestic birds.
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Wang J, Li J, Liu F, Cheng Y, Su J. Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018. Pathogens 2020; 9:E95. [PMID: 32033063 PMCID: PMC7168671 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection not only causes acute and chronic diseases in poultry flocks, but the infected poultry are among the most important reservoirs for a variety of Salmonella serovars frequently transmitted to humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in local poultry farms in China. Samples (n = 4255), including dead-in-shell embryos, culled day-old-hatchings and 1- to 4-week-old diseased birds, were collected for Salmonella culture from broiler chicken, meat-type duck and pigeon farms in northern China between 2014 and 2018. A total of 103 Salmonella were isolated. S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the most prevalent serovars, representing 53.4% and 34.9% of the isolates, respectively. Serovar diversity was the highest in ducks, with the S. Apeyeme being isolated for the first time from duck tissues. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). MLST showed that all S. Enteritidis isolates shared the same sequence type (ST11), and Typhimurium showed several rare STs in addition to ST19. In comparison, PFGE showed better discrimination for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates, with nine distinct pulsotypes being observed. The isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to 15 tested antimicrobials and identified S. Enteritidis isolates (98.18%) with multiple antimicrobial resistance were a cause for concern. Our data on invasive Salmonella infection in meat-type poultry in local farms can be used to identify sources and factors associated with Salmonella spread in poultry and the associated food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Jinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang City 550002, Guizhou Province, China;
| | - Jingliang Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
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17
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Elhariri M, Elhelw R, Selim S, Ibrahim M, Hamza D, Hamza E. Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Isolated from Broiler Chickens and Poultry Workers: A Potential Hazard. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:373-381. [PMID: 31755782 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the emergence of multidrug-resistance (MDR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in broiler chickens and workers in poultry farms. A total of 33 S. Heidelberg isolates were recovered; 24 from the broiler cloacal swabs and 9 from the farm workers. All the S. Heidelberg isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents and for the presence of resistance and virulence genes. MDR strains were found in 95.8% (23/24) and 88.8% (8/9) of the broiler and human isolates, respectively. Among the MDR strains, 66.6% of the broiler isolates and 55.5% of the human isolates were ESBL producing. The majority of broiler isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (91.6%), followed by ceftazidime and imipenem, (87.5%) and (75%). The resistance rate of the human isolates to those antibiotics were lower than the broiler isolates; ampicillin (88.8%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), ceftazidime (77.7%), and imipenem (66.6%). The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains was blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-M2, blaPSE-1, and ampC. The most detected ESBL genes for broiler and human isolates were ampC (63.7%) and blaSHV-1 (56.6%), followed by blaCMY-M2 (48.5%), blaTEM-1 (39.4%), and blaOXA-1 (27.3%); whereas blaCMY-2 and blaPSE-1 were not detected. The finding of chromosomal and plasmid virulence genes revealed that the invA (100%), stn, sipC, and rck (72.8%), spvC (66.7%), ssr (63.6%), sopB (54.6%), and hilA and sipA (3.0%), while pefA and ssaR were absent. An elevated rate of MDR Salmonella Heidelberg in chickens is of potential great health risk. This signifies the role of the food of animal origin as a reservoir of MDR Salmonella that can affect the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elhariri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elhelw
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salah Selim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Ibrahim
- Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Galarce N, Escobar B, Sánchez F, Paredes-Osses E, Alegría-Morán R, Borie C. Virulence Genes, Shiga Toxin Subtypes, Serogroups, and Clonal Relationship of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Livestock and Companion Animals. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E733. [PMID: 31569618 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe illness in humans, and its circulating strains in the animal-human-environment interface exhibit great variability in terms of virulence and serotypes, where diverse animal species, mainly ruminants, play a fundamental role as reservoirs. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize strains of this pathogen present in cattle, swine, dogs, and cats in the Región Metropolitana, Chile, based on virulence, serogroups, and population diversity. Based on findings, the circulating strains isolated exhibit high variability and harbor genetic determinants associated with severe illness in humans, thus highlighting that preventive and control strategies should not be focused on detecting serogroups, but instead, on detecting their determinants of virulence. Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe illness in humans and is an important cause of foodborne disease. In Chile, there is limited information on the virulence characteristics of this pathogen in livestock, and none in companion animals. The aim of this study was to characterize STEC strains isolated from cattle, swine, dogs, and cats, in Chile, in terms of the presence of Shiga toxin types and subtypes, virulence genes, serogroups, and clonality. One-thousand two-hundred samples were collected, isolating 54 strains (4.5%), where stx1a (68.5%) and ehxA (74.1%) were the most frequently detected virulence genes. Only one strain belonging to the most clinically relevant serogroups was identified. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis showed high clonal diversity among strains isolated from cattle, while those from swine showed the same pattern. This study provides further evidence regarding cattle and swine in Chile as a potential source of a wide variety of STEC strains that could potentially cause severe illness in humans, and that companion animals do not seem to represent a relevant reservoir. It also argues that preventive and control strategies should not be focused on detecting serogroups, but instead, on detecting their determinants of virulence.
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Fandiño LC, Verjan N. A common Salmonella Enteritidis sequence type from poultry and human gastroenteritis in Ibagué, Colombia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:50-62. [PMID: 31529848 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i1.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis es una de las mayores causas de salmonelosis en el mundo, siendo los huevos contaminados y la carne de pollo cruda sus principales fuentes de infección. En Ibagué, Colombia, se identificaron los principales serovares circulando en granjas, superficies de huevos y canales de pollo, sin embargo, se desconoce si esos serovares son responsables de gastroenteritis.
Objetivo. Evaluar la relación genética entre aislamientos de Salmonella Enteritidis de aves de corral y humanos con gastroenteritis mediante multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Materiales y métodos. Se aisló Salmonella spp., de casos clínicos de gastroenteritis (n=110). Se realizó test de sensibilidad antibiótica, seguido de serotipificación y tipificación por medio de MLST y se comparó S. Enteritidis de humanos frente a S. Enteritidis de granjas ponedoras y de huevo comercializado (n=6).
Resultados. Se aislaron 10 cepas de Salmonella spp., a partir de heces de humanos con gastroenteritis. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de Salmonella spp. de 9.09%, siendo S. Enteritidis (n=4), S. Typhymurium (n=2), S. Newport (n=1), S. Grupensis (n=1), S. Uganda (n=1) y S. Braenderup (n=1) los serotipos presentes en pacientes con gastroenteritis. El MLST indico que un tipo de secuencia común (ST11) de S. Enteritidis estuvo presente en todas las tres fuentes y mostraron el mismo patrón de resistencia antibiótica.
Conclusión. S. Enteritidis ST11 constituye un vínculo entre el consumo/manipulación de huevos contaminados y gastroenteritis humana en Ibagué. Son necesarios estudios complementarios para conocer si otros serovares de Salmonella aislados de carne de pollo cruda también se asocian con la gastroenteritis humana.
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Burgueño-roman A, Castañeda-ruelas GM, Pacheco-arjona R, Jimenez-edeza M. Pathogenic potential of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from aquatic environments in Mexico. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:767-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Alm EW, Daniels-Witt QR, Learman DR, Ryu H, Jordan DW, Gehring TM, Santo Domingo J. Potential for gulls to transport bacteria from human waste sites to beaches. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:123-130. [PMID: 28964987 PMCID: PMC6754825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of recreational beaches due to fecal waste from gulls complicates beach monitoring and may pose a risk to public health. Gulls that feed at human waste sites may ingest human fecal microorganisms associated with that waste. If these gulls also visit beaches, they may serve as vectors, transporting fecal microorganisms to the beach where they may subsequently contaminate sand and water. In this study, samples collected from landfills, treated wastewater storage lagoons, and public beaches demonstrated a spatial and temporal overlap of markers for gull and human-associated microorganisms. In addition, markers for gull, fecal indicator bacteria, and the human-associated marker, HF183, were detected in gull feces and cloacae samples. Further, HF183 was detected in cloacae samples from gulls that were documented by radio-telemetry traveling between human waste sites and public beaches. This study highlights the potential for gulls that visit human waste sites to disperse human-associated microorganisms in the beach landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Alm
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Quri R Daniels-Witt
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Deric R Learman
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Dustin W Jordan
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Thomas M Gehring
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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22
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Silva C, Betancor L, García C, Astocondor L, Hinostroza N, Bisio J, Rivera J, Perezgasga L, Pérez Escanda V, Yim L, Jacobs J, García-del Portillo F, Chabalgoity JA, Puente JL. Characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates causing bacteremia in Lima, Peru, using multiple typing methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189946. [PMID: 29267322 PMCID: PMC5739443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, different molecular typing tools were applied to characterize 95 Salmonella enterica blood isolates collected between 2008 and 2013 from patients at nine public hospitals in Lima, Peru. Combined results of multiplex PCR serotyping, two- and seven-loci multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes, serotyping, IS200 amplification and RAPD fingerprints, showed that these infections were caused by eight different serovars: Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Typhi, Choleraesuis, Dublin, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B and Infantis. Among these, Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Typhi were the most prevalent, representing 45, 36 and 11% of the isolates, respectively. Most isolates (74%) were not resistant to ten primarily used antimicrobial drugs; however, 37% of the strains showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (ISC). Antimicrobial resistance integrons were carried by one Dublin (dfra1 and aadA1) and two Infantis (aadA1) isolates. The two Infantis isolates were multidrug resistant and harbored a large megaplasmid. Amplification of spvC and spvRA regions showed that all Enteritidis (n = 42), Typhimurium (n = 34), Choleraesuis (n = 3) and Dublin (n = 1) isolates carried the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSV). We conclude that the classic serotyping method can be substituted by the multiplex PCR and, when necessary, sequencing of only one or two loci of the MLST scheme is a valuable tool to confirm the results. The effectiveness and feasibility of different typing tools is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Silva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Betancor
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Coralith García
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Lizeth Astocondor
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Noemí Hinostroza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Julieta Bisio
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Rivera
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lucía Perezgasga
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Victoria Pérez Escanda
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Yim
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Laboratorio of Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José A. Chabalgoity
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José L. Puente
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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23
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Fardsanei F, Soltan Dallal MM, Douraghi M, Memariani H, Bakhshi B, Zahraei Salehi T, Nikkhahi F. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and genetic relatedness of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates recovered from human gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 12:220-226. [PMID: 29045813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is a major serotype associated with human salmonellosis. The main objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the presence of virulence-associated genes among S. Enteritidis strains isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Over a period of 14 months (May 2015 to July 2016), 44 S. Enteritidis isolates recovered from clinical sources were characterised for antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes. Possible genetic relatedness among the strains was also assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS Salmonella Enteritidis isolates showed high rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (90.9%) and nalidixic acid (77.3%). Of the 44 S. Enteritidis isolates, 30 (68.2%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Twenty-two different antimicrobial resistance patterns were detected among the isolates. The most frequent resistance type was antibiotype 14 (resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and nalidixic acid), occurring in 8 (18.2%) of the isolates. Notably, all of the isolates carried invA, sefA, sipA and sopE2 virulence genes. Furthermore, 17 virulence profiles were observed among the strains. The most common virulence profile was VP1 (n=17; 38.6%), harbouring all of the virulence genes. Two distinct PFGE patterns were observed among 44S. Enteritidis isolates. There was no association between virulence profiles or antibiotypes and PFGE clusters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides valuable information on the virulence gene content, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis isolated from human sources in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Memariani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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24
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Retamal P, Llanos-Soto S, Salas LM, López J, Vianna J, Hernández J, Medina-Vogel G, Castañeda F, Fresno M, González-Acuña D. Isolation of drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains in gentoo penguins from Antarctica. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Marchant P, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Espinoza K, Retamal P. Prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in zoo animals from Chile. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:583-586. [PMID: 27030195 PMCID: PMC5204038 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella (S.) enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens. Here, we report the prevalence of S. enterica and STEC in feces of 316 zoo animals belonging to 61 species from Chile. S. enterica and STEC strains were detected in 7.5% and 4.4% of animals, respectively. All Salmonella isolates corresponded to the serotype Enteritidis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. Enteritidis in the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella) and Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus) and the first STEC report in Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Marchant
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | | | - Karen Espinoza
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - Patricio Retamal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
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26
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Fardsanei F, Soltan Dallal MM, Douraghi M, Zahraei Salehi T, Mahmoodi M, Memariani H, Nikkhahi F. Genetic diversity and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from meats and eggs. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:451-456. [PMID: 28433796 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the leading causes of food-borne gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin. Little is known about the genetic diversity and virulence content of S. Enteritidis isolated from poultry meats and eggs in Iran. A total of 34 S. Enteritidis strains were collected from different food sources of animal origin in Tehran from May 2015 to July 2016. All of the S. Enteritidis strains were serotyped, antimicrobial susceptibility tested, and characterized for virulence genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was also applied for comparison of genetic relatedness. All of the strains harbored invA, hilA, ssrA, sefA, spvC, and sipA genes. A high prevalence of resistance against certain antibiotics such as cefuroxime (79.4%), nalidixic acid (47%), and ciprofloxacin (44.2%) was also observed. Regarding PFGE, S. Enteritidis strains from different sources showed considerable overlap, suggesting the lack of diversity among these isolates. Moreover, no correlation between virulence profiles or antibiotypes and PFGE clusters was observed. In conclusion, our study provided valuable information on virulence gene content, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis isolated from food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Mahmoodi
- Dept. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Memariani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Department of Microbiology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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27
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Toro M, Retamal P, Ayers S, Barreto M, Allard M, Brown EW, Gonzalez-Escalona N. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Chile Provides Insights into Possible Transmission between Gulls, Poultry, and Humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6223-32. [PMID: 27520817 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01760-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis is a major cause of human salmonellosis worldwide; however, little is known about the genetic relationships between S. Enteritidis clinical strains and S. Enteritidis strains from other sources in Chile. We compared the whole genomes of 30 S. Enteritidis strains isolated from gulls, domestic chicken eggs, and humans in Chile, to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and to establish their relatedness to international strains. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis showed that only 246/4,065 shared loci differed among these Chilean strains, separating them into two clusters (I and II), with cluster II being further divided into five subclusters. One subcluster (subcluster 2) contained strains from all surveyed sources that differed at 1 to 18 loci (of 4,065 loci) with 1 to 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), suggesting interspecies transmission of S. Enteritidis in Chile. Moreover, clusters were formed by strains that were distant geographically, which could imply that gulls might be spreading the pathogen throughout the country. Our cgMLST analysis, using other S. Enteritidis genomes available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, showed that S. Enteritidis strains from Chile and the United States belonged to different lineages, which suggests that S. Enteritidis regional markers might exist and could be used for trace-back investigations.
IMPORTANCE This study highlights the importance of gulls in the spread of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chile. We revealed a close genetic relationship between some human and gull S. Enteritidis strains (with as few as 2 of 4,065 genes being different), and we also found that gull strains were present in clusters formed by strains isolated from other sources or distant locations. Together with previously published evidence, this suggests that gulls might be spreading this pathogen between different regions in Chile and that some of those strains have been transmitted to humans. Moreover, we discovered that Chilean S. Enteritidis strains clustered separately from most of S. Enteritidis strains isolated throughout the world (in the GenBank database) and thus it might be possible to distinguish the geographical origins of strains based on specific genomic features. This could be useful for trace-back investigations of foodborne illnesses throughout the world.
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28
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Zhang P, Liu H, Ma S, Men S, Li Q, Yang X, Wang H, Zhang A. A label-free ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of viable Salmonella enteritidis using enzyme-induced cascade two-stage toehold strand-displacement-driven assembly of G-quadruplex DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:538-542. [PMID: 26894984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The harm of Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis ) to public health mainly by contaminating fresh food and water emphasizes the urgent need for rapid detection techniques to help control the spread of the pathogen. In this assay, an newly designed capture probe complex that contained specific S. enteritidis-aptamer and hybridized signal target sequence was used for viable S. enteritidis recognition directly. In the presence of the target S. enteritidis, single-stranded target sequences were liberated and initiated the replication-cleavage reaction, producing numerous G-quadruplex structures with a linker on the 3'-end. And then, the sensing system took innovative advantage of quadratic linker-induced strand-displacement for the first time to release target sequence in succession, leading to the cyclic reuse of the target sequences and cascade signal amplification, thereby achieving the successive production of G-quadruplex structures. The fluorescent dye, N-Methyl mesoporphyrin IX, binded to these G-quadruplex structures and generated significantly enhanced fluorescent signals to achieve highly sensitive detection of S. enteritidis down to 60 CFU/mL with a linear range from 10(2) to 10(7)CFU/mL. By coupling the cascade two-stage target sequences-recyclable toehold strand-displacement with aptamer-based target recognition successfully, it is the first report on a novel non-label, modification-free and DNA extraction-free ultrasensitive fluorescence biosensor for detecting viable S. enteritidis directly, which can discriminate from dead S. enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Suzhen Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Men
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingzhou Li
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Anyun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Chengdu 610065, China
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