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Revanales T, Lastra M, Sánchez-Mata A, García-Gallego MA, Mora J, Rodil IF. Biodiversity patterns of the benthic macrofaunal communities across the intertidal sedimentary shores of two Antarctic islands. Mar Environ Res 2024; 194:106333. [PMID: 38185002 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic benthic ecosystems support a unique fauna characterized by high levels of diversity and endemism. However, our knowledge of the macrofauna communities across the Antarctic intertidal sedimentary shore is limited, and their fundamental ecological features, including spatial variability, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, community structure (i.e. taxa-specific abundance), and biodiversity patterns (α-, β-, and λ-diversity) of benthic macrofauna communities on intertidal sedimentary shores of two Antarctic islands (South Shetland archipelago, N of Antarctic Peninsula): Livingston and Deception. We conducted a quantitative sampling during two Austral summer campaigns (2004 and 2005), studying eleven intertidal sites, with five sites located on Livingston and six on Deception. Our results demonstrated a significantly higher abundance of intertidal benthic macrofauna communities on Livingston than on Deception. Furthermore, significant differences in community structure were observed between the two islands. In terms of biodiversity patterns, there were no significant differences in the number of taxa within communities (α-diversity) between the two islands. However, significant differences in the variation of community composition (determined by the number and identity of taxa) between intertidal sites (β-diversity) were observed, shedding light on the higher total taxa count (λ-diversity) on Livingston compared to Deception. We suggest that the island-specific characteristics (e.g., granulometric characteristics, ice disturbance, sedimentation rates, and geothermal activity) determine the differences observed in macrofauna communities. However, other ecological processes and factors are operating on different spatial and temporal scales (e.g., population dynamics, biotic interactions, oceanographic conditions, and climate change) that influence the occurrence and abundance of macrofaunal taxa. Our findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of the spatial variability of these communities and provide essential information for better management decisions and conservation practices in Antarctic coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Revanales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - M Lastra
- Marine Research Center, University of Vigo, Geoma, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mata
- Department of de Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M A García-Gallego
- Department of de Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Mora
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I F Rodil
- Department of Biology, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Rangel-Buitrago N, Gracia C A. From the closet to the shore: Fashion waste pollution on Colombian Central Caribbean beaches. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115976. [PMID: 38154174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the environmental effects of fashion waste on the central Caribbean coast of Colombia, highlighting significant ecological issues in coastal areas. A survey of 27 beaches found 503 items of fashion waste, mainly shoes and sandals, with an average density of 0.93 items/m2. The distribution of this type of waste varies notably across different beach types, with exposed, rural, and remote beaches showing higher accumulation, indicating a relationship between beach characteristics and waste concentration. Primary sources of this waste include riverine transport, coastal tourism, and poorly managed sewage systems, impacting urban, rural, and village beaches differently. The study reveals that longshore currents and oceanic movements, significantly influence the transport and fate of this waste, with exposed beaches accumulating more fashion waste than sheltered ones. The presence of driftwood also plays a vital role in trapping fashion waste along coastlines. The findings highlight the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of fashion waste, providing crucial insights for local and national coastal managers and implications for managing fashion waste in the Southern Caribbean and similar regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rangel-Buitrago
- Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Adriana Gracia C
- Programa de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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Fulke AB, Panigrahi J, Eranezhath S, Karthi J, Dora GU. Environmental variables and its association with faecal coliform at Madh Island beaches of megacity Mumbai, India. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:122885. [PMID: 37951525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of fecal-indicating bacteria in water bodies are said to be influenced by environmental conditions. The effect of environmental parameters on the changing microbial population plays an important role in coastal water quality assessment. It's crucial to comprehend these patterns in order to support management initiatives for pollution control. There are studies on faecal bacteria contamination of surface water and how environmental conditions affect it, however majority of them are based on large river basins and temperate regions of developed countries. In this paper, we study the different physicochemical and physical factors of the five recreational beaches in Mumbai, India and examine how these environmental factors affect the levels of faecal indicating bacteria, namely, coliforms in the region. A relatively high number of coliform was identified from the water and sediment samples of Marve Beach (>1600 MP N/100 ml or g), followed by Erangal Beach and Danapani Beach (∼150-350 MP N/100 ml or g), exceeding the normal standard limits of <100 MP N/100 ml set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. Of the physiochemical parameters examined, BOD showed to have a strong positive correlation with the coliform bacteria. The nutrients and heavy metal concentrations did not show any major effect on the microbial population. The MIKE CMAP predicted tide, MIKE3 Flow Model FM simulated coastal current, ERA5 hourly wind, as well as SWAN model simulated nearshore wave together considerably exhibit alliance of microbial behavior in the beaches with ambient physical processes. This study reveals that Mumbai's coastal water contain significant concentrations of faecal bacteria, which, if not monitored regularly could have future consequences on the recreational activities of the region, thereby on public health. This assessment might help in simulation of water quality prediction, and for optimizing the coastal zone management and development across recreational beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay B Fulke
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400053, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jyotirmaya Panigrahi
- Physical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400053, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrushti Eranezhath
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400053, Maharashtra, India
| | - J Karthi
- Physical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400053, Maharashtra, India
| | - G Udhaba Dora
- Physical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400053, Maharashtra, India
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Díaz-Mendoza C, Arias Ordiales P, Bustos ML, Cervantes O, Palacios-Moreno M, Vera San-Martin T, Kloc Lopes G, Vallejo M, Mouthon-Bello J, Gutiérrez L. Abundance and distribution of cigarette butts on the sand of five touristic beaches in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115306. [PMID: 37506493 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette butts (CB) and cigarette butt fibers (CBF) are highly abundant and frequent residues on beach sand. Also, they are hazardous waste due to their significant toxicity and potential risk to the ecosystems' biota and the health of beach tourists. This study aimed to determine the abundance and density of CB and CBF found on the active, rest, and service zones of five pilot beaches in Argentina, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico. The methodology involved collecting CB and CBF in 500 m2 transects of urban tourist beaches using a citizen science-adapted methodology between June 2021 and May 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The abundance and density of CB and CBF, and the Cigarette Butt Pollution Index (CBPI) were calculated. The highest proportion of CB was found in service and rest areas. Bocagrande (CO) reported the highest generation of CB and CBF and a severe CBPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Díaz-Mendoza
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Omar Cervantes
- Faculty of Oceanography of the Universidad de Colima campus Manzanillo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gisela Kloc Lopes
- Faculty of Engineering of the Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), Cabo Frio, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Gutiérrez
- Faculty of the Sea and Environment, Universidad Del Pacífico, Ecuador; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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Diez-Fernández P, Ruibal-Lista B, Lobato-Alejano F, López-García S. Rip current knowledge: do people really know its danger? do lifeguards know more than the general public? Heliyon 2023; 9:e18104. [PMID: 37483795 PMCID: PMC10362141 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drowning is a global problem. This so-called "silent killer" claims hundreds of thousands of lives every year around the world. Despite this, beaches are a fundamental space in the lives of many people throughout the world. The scant knowledge regarding aspects of safety, accident prevention and the identification of risks in these natural aquatic environments, all contribute to the number of aquatic accidents that happen. The objective of this study was to establish the reality about the Spain population's knowledge of risks on the beaches. Methods A study was carried out using a questionnaire, generated through Google Forms©. The questionnaire was available for 7 days, from May 12 to 19, 2022. 289 responses were selected. The Chi-square statistic was used to analyze the associations while Cramér's V statistics and the Odds Ratio were applied to analyze their strength. The significance level was p < 0.05 for the entire study. Results 50.5% of the participants knew how to correctly identify a rip current. In terms of definition, identification and response to a current, those who were lifeguards were more likely than the general population to answer correctly. Conclusions Sex, age or place of residence do not seem to explain knowledge about rip currents in an active population group. Finally, as a factor in avoiding possible accidents related to currents, the importance of having professional lifeguards in natural aquatic environments is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Diez-Fernández
- Facultad de Educación. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (GIADES), Departamento de Educación. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Brais Ruibal-Lista
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (GIADES), Departamento de Educación. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain
- EUM Fray Luis de León. Universidad Católica de Ávila, Spain
| | | | - Sergio López-García
- Facultad de Educación. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (GIADES), Departamento de Educación. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain
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Huang S, Jiang R, Craig NJ, Deng H, He W, Li JY, Su L. Accumulation and re-distribution of microplastics via aquatic plants and macroalgae - A review of field studies. Mar Environ Res 2023; 187:105951. [PMID: 36958953 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic plants and macroalgae are primary producers with major roles regarding the maintenance of ecosystems but their interaction with microplastics (MPs) has received less attention than animals. We summarize the methodologies used, the MPs abundances and their characteristics across the literature on MPs pollution in aquatic plants and macroalgae. The sampling and quantification of MPs still lacks consistency between studies, which increased the uncertainty in cross-comparisons. The abundance of MPs varied by orders of magnitude between species and were mostly fibers and polymers with large degrees of production and applications. Filamentous species contained more MPs than others. The average ratio of MPs between vegetated and unvegetated sites reached 3:1. The average ratio of MPs between the biotic and abiotic fractions reached 2193:1, suggesting a high level of retention in fields. Our findings supported that aquatic plants and macroalgae are critical in the plastic flux within the marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Huang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruitong Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China
| | - Nicholas J Craig
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200142, China
| | - Wenhui He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China
| | - Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China
| | - Lei Su
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China.
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García-Cegarra AM, Martínez-López E. Metal concentrations in feathers of red-legged cormorants (Phalacrocorax gaimardi) and sources of plastic in a nesting colony from northern Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 190:114817. [PMID: 36931167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mining industry is increasing the concentrations of heavy metals in coastal ecosystems of northern Chile. The presence of plastic in the nests of red-legged cormorants could be acting as a vector of metal presence in their organism. Here we analyze the source of plastic in the nests of cormorants by characterizing the abundance and type of marine debris in beaches and sea surface and the concentrations of eight metals in their feathers. Plastic was present in overall sampled nests and floating and beach debris are not the main sources of plastic to the nests. Overall analyzed metals were present in the cormorants in the following order: Zn > Cu > Se > Pb > Cd > As > Hg > Cr and Se, Cd and Pb concentrations were above the toxic limit. Further studies should investigate the potential adverse effects that plastics and metals presence may cause in this nesting colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M García-Cegarra
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile; Centro de Investigación de Fauna Marina y Avistamiento de Cetáceos, CIFAMAC, Mejillones, Chile.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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8
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Ortega F, Calero M, Rico N, Martín-Lara MA. COVID-19 personal protective equipment (PPE) contamination in coastal areas of Granada, Spain. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 191:114908. [PMID: 37086548 PMCID: PMC10080275 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of disposable personal protective equipment (PPE) as a control measure to avoid transmission against COVID-19 has generated a challenge to the waste management and enhances plastic pollution in the environment. The research aims to monitor the presence of PPE waste and other plastic debris, in a time interval where the use of face mask at specific places was still mandatory, on the coastal areas of Granada (Spain) which belongs to the Mediterranean Sea. Four beaches called La Rijana, La Charca, La Rábita and Calahonda were examined during different periods. The total amount of sampled waste was 17,558 plastic units. The abundance, characteristics and distribution of PPE and other plastic debris were determined. Results showed that the observed amount of total plastic debris were between 2.531·10-2 and 24.487·10-2 units per square meter, and up to 0.136·10-2 for PPE debris, where face masks represented the 92.22 % of the total PPE debris, being these results comparable to previous studies in other coastal areas in the world. On the other hand, total plastic debris densities were in the range from 2.457·10-2 to 92.219·10-2 g/m2 and densities were up to 0.732·10-2 for PPE debris. PPE debris supposed 0.79 % of the weight of total waste and the 0.51 % of total items. Concerning non-PPE plastic waste: cigarettes filters, food containers and styrofoam were the most abundant items (42.95, 10.19 and 16.37 % of total items, respectively). During vacation periods, total plastic debris amount increased 92.19 % compared to non-vacation periods. Regarding type of beaches, the presence of plastic debris was significantly higher on touristic/recreational than in fishing beaches. Data showed no significant differences between accessible and no-accessible beaches, but between periods with restrictive policy about mask face use and periods with non-restrictive policy data suggest significant differences between densities (g/m2) for PPE litter. The amount of PPEs debris is also correlated with the number of cigarettes filters (Person's r = 0.650), food containers (r = 0.782) and other debris (r = 0.63). Finally, although interesting results were provided in this study, further research is required to better understand the consequences of this type of pollution and to provide viable solutions to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ortega
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Calero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - N Rico
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - M A Martín-Lara
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Morales IDG, Macusi ED, Jondonero MAP, Guihawan JQ, Bacosa HP, Amparado RF. Facemask: Protection or threat? Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 188:114681. [PMID: 36758311 PMCID: PMC9902895 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Facemasks were widely used as a protection against SARS-COV-2, which significantly reduced COVID-19 transmission during the pandemic. However, concerns have been raised regarding its adverse impacts on human health due to intense use and mismanagement. Although rampant plastic littering was the norm before the pandemic, the magnitude of the problem is worsening as potentially COVID-19-infected facemasks are thrown along the shoreline. This study assessed the discarded facemasks on the most popular beach destinations in Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines. A total of N = 284 discarded facemasks were found in a cumulative area of 22,500 m2, with an average density of 8.4 × 10-4 items/m2. The surgical facemask (82 %; n = 234) was the most abundant type of facemask found in the areas, followed by KF94 (16 %; n = 45) and KN95 (2 %; n = 5). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in the visual counts of facemasks on the three beaches (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilah Dianne G Morales
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines.
| | - Edison D Macusi
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IALS), Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU), Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines
| | | | - Jaime Q Guihawan
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Ruben F Amparado
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
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Krelling AP, Antunes CV, Broadhurst MK. Investigating variability among fisheries litter accumulation on beaches in Paraná, Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 187:114607. [PMID: 36657340 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fishing activities strongly influence coastal and marine environments and are responsible for generating marine litter. In southern Brazil, there are several artisanal (small-scale) fisher settlements that potentially contribute towards regional marine litter. The present study sought to address the deficit in available information by investigating the in situ contribution of artisanal fishing communities to marine litter on adjacent beaches. During one month in the 2019 austral winter, 200-m stretches of beach were investigated at four locations (three artisanal fishing and one control community) in Paraná state. In total, 2196 items were collected; among which only 104 (<5 %) were fisheries related and these remained partially independent of the presence of the three fishing communities across both small and large spatial scales (i.e., from m to km). Rather than the presence of fishing communities, fisheries-related litter appears to primarily originate from external sources and may regionally accumulate via natural vectors such as oceanic currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Paul Krelling
- Postgraduate Program in Science, Technology and Society, Federal Institute of Paraná, Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Celso Valerio Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Science, Technology and Society, Federal Institute of Paraná, Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia; Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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11
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Khaleel R, Valsan G, Rangel-Buitrago N, Warrier AK. Hidden problems in geological heritage sites: The microplastic issue on Saint Mary's Island, India, Southeast Arabian Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:114043. [PMID: 35985130 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a dominant constituent of several oceanic islands. This study focuses on the occurrence and distribution of MPs present in the beach sediments of Saint Mary's Island (SMI), a geological heritage site located in the south-eastern part of the Arabian Sea. The average (standard deviation) abundance of MPs on this island was 97.18 (80.49) particles/kg. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that MPs are composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyamide (PA). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) highlighted the presence of Cr, As, Pb, and Cd (harmful pollutants) on MP surfaces. The MPs in the SMI are largely contributed by the nearby fishing harbour, touristic beaches and estuaries. The results of this study, act as a starting point for continuous environmental monitoring in this unique region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Khaleel
- Department of Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gokul Valsan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nelson Rangel-Buitrago
- Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia; Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Anish Kumar Warrier
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre for Climate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Bhagat C, Kumar M. Muddy (silty-sand) beaches in semi-arid regions attenuate the contaminants flowing into the sea as a submarine groundwater discharge. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:155111. [PMID: 35398430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanized coastal areas are well-recognized hotspots for the contaminant-enriched groundwater discharge, influencing sensitive coastal ecosystems. The present study investigates how muddy beaches in the semi-arid region alter the contaminant flux flowing into the sea using submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) estimation and hydrogeochemical analysis of coastal waters (groundwater, porewater, and seawater). Fresh SGD carries contaminants such as nutrients and trace metals in the coastal ecosystem, causing increased vulnerability towards eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and human health. We found that SGD reaching the coast carries immense nutrient flux (155.6 mmol NO3- · day-1; 35 mmol P · day-1 and 12.4 mmol DSi · day-1) and trace metal load ranging from 0.1 to 14.9 mmol · day-1. The nutrient fluxes were higher in the upper saline plume compared to the lower plume. The muddy beach attenuates the nutrients in varying percentages of 9.7 to 22% of NO3-, 1.9 to 25.5% of P due to denitrification and phosphorus absorption, and also caused 19.6% reduction of SO42-. The reduction in SO42- leads to the formation of sulfide (HS-) that promotes the metal precipitation, resulting in the removal of Pb and Cu. This attenuation of nutrients leads to a change in the nutrient ratio (N/P = 7-11) approaching the Redfield ratio, implying the vulnerability of algal bloom at the Dehri beach. Overall, the muddy beach can serve as a natural biogeochemical reactor as it attenuates the nutrient and serves as a source for certain trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ni), altering the composition of SGD. Probably this is the first study that emphasizes the attenuation of trace metals in the muddy beaches of a semi-arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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de Lima E Silva JR, de Lima ARB, da Silva DL, Rosa Filho JS, Adam ML. Contrasting tourism regimes due to the COVID-19 lockdown reveal varied genomic toxicity in a tropical beach in the Southern Atlantic. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:464. [PMID: 35639171 PMCID: PMC9152653 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tourist occupancy in coastal environments threatens the stability of various coastal ecosystems and is thus a cause for concern for the environmental sector. As such, it is important to perform environmental monitoring in a way that analyses and quantifies the environmental impact of coastal ecosystems. Porto de Galinhas beach (Pernambuco - Brazil) has one of the highest visitation rates in Brazil and suffered from restrictions to human mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These restrictions allowed for the evaluation of the impact of tourism on Porto de Galinhas beach and the effects that the lack of tourist occupancy had during the lockdown period of 2020. Blood samples from the species Abudefduf saxatilis were collected monthly over a period of 1 year and during the lockdown quarter, in order to perform micronucleus (MN) and nuclear morphological alteration (NMA) tests, and data were analyzed at a seasonal level (dry/rainy period) using a comet assay. For the control group, A. saxatilis samples were collected in an environmentally protected area on Tamandaré beach (68 km from Porto de Galinhas). The MN and NMA tests showed a greater frequency of genomic damage when there was greater tourist flow. In relation to rain seasonality, the comet assay showed a greater incidence of genomic damage during the dry period, where there was a higher rate of tourist migration, compared to the rainy period. The lockdown period presented a lower incidence of genotoxic damage compared to the period without restrictions on human mobility and the control. The results show that tourism has been causing a significant environmental impact on Porto de Galinhas beach. The data collected during the lockdown period demonstrated how the absence of human movement results in changes that are favorable to environmental recuperation, as illustrated by the lower frequency of genomic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demétrios Lucas da Silva
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lúcia Adam
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Gusmao JB, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Kikuchi RKP, Combi T. The barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus is the only sessile invertebrate colonizing oil patches on beachrocks one year after a massive oil spill on the Northeastern Brazilian coast. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:112952. [PMID: 34536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale oil spill has reached over 3000 km of the NE Brazilian coast since August 2019. The cause and origin of this spill remain mysterious, and the impacts on coastal ecosystems have not been clearly understood so far. Despite the efforts to remove the oil (mainly from local communities), oil stains are still present in beaches, mangroves, and beachrocks. In this short report, we describe the occurrence of the barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus Pilsbry, 1916 colonizing oil spill stains on intertidal surfaces of beachrocks one year after the first oil records. We quickly assessed oil stains across three different reefs located at the Conde municipality, Bahia (NE Brazil), where the species was identified and its density on oil stains calculated. The occurrence of barnacles in oil stains was restricted to zones in the wake of the reefs. Their densities varied from 0 to 238 ind./dm2, with an average of 34 ± 68 ind./dm2. If we account for dead individuals (empty barnacle plates), they correspond to 25.9% of the sampled population. The presence of oil possibly affected barnacle survival rates but did not seem to prevent barnacle individuals from reaching adult sizes. We also found individuals of the snail Echinolittorina lineolata (d'Orbigny, 1840) crawling on these barnacles, indicating that the barnacle assemblages on oil stains are stable enough to provide refuge for these snails. It is not clear if the presence of barnacles on oil reflects the resistance of these crustaceans to the oil toxicity or is just a result of a low substrate selectivity by the cypris larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Bosco Gusmao
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
| | - Ana C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Ruy Kenji P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
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15
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Chunga-Llauce JA, Pacheco AS. Impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis on marine benthic communities: A review. Mar Environ Res 2021; 171:105481. [PMID: 34555617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine communities are dynamic and spatially heterogeneous. Earthquakes and tsunamis modulate the structure of marine communities at short and long-term scales. The objective of this review was to evaluate how such disturbances impact the morphodynamics of coastal areas and the dynamics and structure of marine benthic communities from soft and hard bottoms from intertidal, subtidal and deep-sea habitats. The results reveal that earthquakes and tsunamis caused mortality of algae and bivalves by dissection after coastal uplift. Changes on the vertical distribution of nematodes and coral fragmentation were also recorded. Recovery of the marine communities to pre-disturbance state occurred by migration and recolonization of impacted habitats. The meiofaunal organisms recovered quickly, while some communities recovered after three years. Information pre-disturbance is often lacking or covers a short temporal extent. It is important to establish long-term monitoring programs in areas where the likelihood of impact of disturbance of such magnitude is high to understand how marine communities are shaped at geological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Chunga-Llauce
- Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Aldo S Pacheco
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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16
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Akkajit P, Tipmanee D, Cherdsukjai P, Suteerasak T, Thongnonghin S. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in beach sediments along Phuket coastline. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112496. [PMID: 34023587 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phuket is a popular tourism destination in Thailand. This study examined the distribution of microplastics found on beaches along the East and West coasts of Phuket including Tri Trang, Patong, Kalim, Chalong, Makham, and Rawai beaches. A total of 18 samples from a 0.5 m × 0.5 m quadrat at the intertidal zone were sorted into >300-μm and 20-300-μm size classes. For all sizes combined, the mean abundance was 188.3 ± 34.5 items kg-1. White (29.2%) and fiber (85.6%) were the most abundant plastic; and the polymer types based on μFTIR analysis were PET > PS > PP > PU > PVC > Epoxy with a great amount of cotton and regenerated cellulose also detected. Principal component analysis indicated the correlation between PET, regenerated cellulose, PP and PU with Chalong and Patong beaches, suggesting that highly visited tourist beaches with harbor activities, and a tourist departure point, are possible sources of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Akkajit
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand; Andaman Environment and Natural Disaster Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand.
| | - Danai Tipmanee
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand
| | | | - Thongchai Suteerasak
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Thongnonghin
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand
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17
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Kelly E, Gidley M, Sinigalliano C, Kumar N, Solo-Gabriele HM. Impact of wastewater infrastructure improvements on beach water fecal indicator bacteria levels in Monroe County, Florida. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:143024. [PMID: 33168244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of wastewater infrastructure construction on regional and local environments is unknown. This project evaluated the effects of such projects in Monroe County, Florida, an area that had undergone regional wastewater infrastructure improvements. We used fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliform and enterococci), as a proxy indicator of beach water quality for an 18-year period of record. At the highest level of aggregation, FIBs for all 17 beaches within the county were combined to evaluate trends on a yearly basis. At the lower level, yearly FIB trends were evaluated for each beach separately. FIB data on infrastructure project period (categorical variables: before, during, and after construction), and the influences of environmental conditions (quantitative variables of rainfall and temperature) were also evaluated. In the multiple regression models, enterococci and fecal coliform were significantly associated with rainfall (24 h, p < 0.0001) and water temperature (p < 0.0001) when only the quantitative variables were considered. When both categorical and quantitative variables were considered, project period was significant for enterococci (p < 0.0001) and fecal coliform (p < 0.0001), as was 24 h lagged rainfall. Overall, the most significant factors for both fecal coliform and enterococci were rainfall and project period. Considering all beaches, infrastructure projects seem to have the collective desired effects in the years following construction, as there were decreased FIBs measured at beach sites. Only through the aggregation of all projects and measurements at all beach sites could the decreases in FIB levels be observed. Local analysis is needed to explain anomalies from these general trends for specific beaches. This understanding of FIBs, their responses to environmental and project factors, and the need for aggregated and local site analysis can provide guidance to managers at other locations with similar issues of failing wastewater infrastructure and frequent FIB exceedances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelly
- University of Miami Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, Coral Gables, FL, USA; University of Miami Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, USA; NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Gidley
- NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Environmental Microbiology, Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Sinigalliano
- NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Environmental Microbiology, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N Kumar
- University of Miami Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Environment & Public Health, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H M Solo-Gabriele
- University of Miami Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, Coral Gables, FL, USA; University of Miami Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, USA; NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Wilson DR, Godley BJ, Haggar GL, Santillo D, Sheen KL. The influence of depositional environment on the abundance of microplastic pollution on beaches in the Bristol Channel, UK. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 164:111997. [PMID: 33485018 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, but large gaps still exist in our knowledge of its distribution. We conducted a detailed assessment of the extent and variability of microplastic pollution in the Bristol Channel, UK. Sand samples were collected between the 5th and 30th August 2017, with microplastic recovered from 15 of the 16 beaches sampled along a coastal extent of ~230 km. In total, 1446 particles of suspected microplastic were extracted using a cascade of sieves and visual identification. The most common microplastics recovered were fragments (74%) and industrial plastic pellets (13%). We used Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyse 25% of recovered particles, 96.5% of which were confirmed as plastic, with polyethylene (61%) and polypropylene (26%) the most common polymers. Our analysis of local beach environments indicates microplastic burdens were higher on lower energy beaches with finer sediments, highlighting the importance of depositional environment in determining microplastic abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Wilson
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Gemma L Haggar
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - David Santillo
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Innovation Centre Phase 2, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Katy L Sheen
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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Jaramillo E, Dugan J, Hubbard D, Manzano M, Duarte C. Ranking the ecological effects of coastal armoring on mobile macroinvertebrates across intertidal zones on sandy beaches. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142573. [PMID: 33039935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal armoring is widely applied to coastal ecosystems, such as sandy beaches, in response to shoreline erosion and threats to infrastructure. Use of armoring is expected to increase due to coastal population growth and effects of climate change. An increased understanding of armoring effects on those ecosystems and the services they provide is needed for impact assessments and the design of these structures. We investigated the following hypotheses: 1) impacts of coastal armoring on beach macroinvertebrates increase from lower to upper intertidal zones and 2) location of an armoring structure on beach profiles affects the number of intertidal zones, using comparative surveys of armored and unarmored beach sections in Chile and California. The effects of armoring were greater for upper intertidal (talitrid amphipods) and mid-intertidal species (cirolanid isopods) than for lower shore fauna (hippid crabs). Our surveys of sections of armoring structures located higher and lower on the beach profile (with and without interactions with waves and tides), showed loss of upper zone talitrid amphipods and mid-zone isopods and a reduction of lower zone hippid crabs in sections where the structures were lower on the beach profile and interacted with waves, compared to non-interacting sections. Our results support the hypothesis that impacts of armoring on intertidal macroinvertebrates increase from the lower to the upper intertidal zones of sandy beaches and also suggest that the relative position of an armoring structure on the beach profile, determines the number of intertidal zones it affects. Our findings also imply that by altering the position of existing armoring structures on the shore profile and increasing the amount of interaction with waves and tides, sea level rise and regional factors, such as coseismic coastal subsidence, can be expected to exacerbate the impacts of these widely used coastal defense structures on sandy beach ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Jaramillo
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Jenifer Dugan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David Hubbard
- Marine Science Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Mario Manzano
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
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20
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van Hoytema N, Bullimore RD, Al Adhoobi AS, Al-Khanbashi MH, Whomersley P, Le Quesne WJF. Fishing gear dominates marine litter in the Wetlands Reserve in Al Wusta Governorate, Oman. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 159:111503. [PMID: 32763560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Wetlands Reserve in Al Wusta Governorate on the Arabian Sea is important for internationally migrating birds and local wildlife, but data on marine litter in the reserve, and wider region, are rare. Seven beaches around the reserve were surveyed for litter in February 2020. Abundance and weight of litter were categorised along 100 m transects. Abundance ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 items m-2 and weight ranged from 3.2 to 170.4 g m-2. Plastic was the dominant material in abundance (84.4-97.7%) and weight (71.3-99.3%). Top categories in abundance and weight were fisheries-related, water bottles and caps, and food packaging. Fisheries-related litter comprised 19.6-36.7% of all in abundance, but 41.4-94.4% in weight. The high proportion of fisheries-related litter (by weight) indicates that providing practical disposal facilities for unwanted and broken fishing gear would substantially reduce the impact of litter on this vital wetlands reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanne van Hoytema
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ross D Bullimore
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza S Al Adhoobi
- Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, P.O. Box: 323, 100 Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Paul Whomersley
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Will J F Le Quesne
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
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Verhougstraete MP, Pogreba-Brown K, Reynolds KA, Lamparelli CC, Zanoli Sato MI, Wade TJ, Eisenberg JNS. A critical analysis of recreational water guidelines developed from temperate climate data and applied to the tropics. Water Res 2020; 170:115294. [PMID: 31765827 PMCID: PMC6962556 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recreational water epidemiology studies are rare in settings with minimal wastewater treatment where risk may be highest, and in tropical settings where warmer temperature influences the ecology of fecal indicator bacteria commonly used to monitor recreational waters. One exception is a 1999 study conducted in São Paulo Brazil. We compared the risk and exposure characteristics of these data with those conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) in the early 1990s that are the basis of the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines on recreational water risks. We then developed adjusted risk difference models (excess gastrointestinal illness per swimming event) for children (<10 years of age) and non-children (≥10 years of age) across five Brazil beaches. We used these models along with beach water quality data from 2004 to 2015 to assess spatial and temporal trends in water quality and human risk. Risk models indicate that children in Brazil have as much as two times the risk of gastrointestinal illness than non-children. In Brazil, 11.8% of the weekly water samples from 2004 to 2015 exceeded 158 enterococci CFU/100 ml, the highest level of fecal streptococci concentration measured in the UK study. Risks associated with these elevated levels equated to median NEEAR-Gastrointestinal Illness (NGI) risks of 53 and 96 excess cases per 1000 swimmers in non-children and children, respectively. Two of the five beaches appear to drive the overall elevated NGI risks seen during this study. Distinct enteric pathogen profiles that exist in tropical settings as well as in settings with minimal wastewater treatment highlight the importance of regionally specific guideline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Verhougstraete
- The University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Community Environment and Policy, USA.
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- The University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, USA.
| | - Kelly A Reynolds
- The University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Community Environment and Policy, USA.
| | | | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- Environmental Analysis Department, Environmental Company of São Paulo State (CETESB), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Timothy J Wade
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph N S Eisenberg
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Karthik R, Robin RS, Purvaja R, Ganguly D, Anandavelu I, Raghuraman R, Hariharan G, Ramakrishna A, Ramesh R. Microplastics along the beaches of southeast coast of India. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:1388-1399. [PMID: 30248861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of microplastics (plastic debris <5 mm) along the coast is a growing concern worldwide, due to increased input of discarded wastes from various sources. In order to evaluate the extent of microplastic pollution on the sandy beaches (25 locations) along Tamil Nadu coast (1076 km), India, microplastic debris were quantified and categorized into four different size classes. The beaches were classified according to potential sources of pollution i.e. riverine, tourism and fisheries. Beach samples collected from the high tide line contained significantly higher abundance of microplastic than at the low tide line. Beaches adjacent to rivers exhibited relatively higher microplastic abundance compared to those influenced by tourism and fishing activities. Out of the total detected debris, plastic fragments were the maximum (47-50%), followed by line/fibres (24-27%) and foam (10-19%) materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were the main types of microplastics present in these beaches. Gut content analysis of commercially important fishes, collected from the coastal waters, revealed microplastics ingestion in 10.1% of fishes. The results indicate that microplastics accumulation in the coastal environment, especially close to the river mouths, may be a serious concern, due to its ability to enter into the marine food web and highlights the necessity of microplastics screening from estuarine, coastal waters and other potential sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthik
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - D Ganguly
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - I Anandavelu
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Raghuraman
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - G Hariharan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Vlachogianni T, Fortibuoni T, Ronchi F, Zeri C, Mazziotti C, Tutman P, Varezić DB, Palatinus A, Trdan Š, Peterlin M, Mandić M, Markovic O, Prvan M, Kaberi H, Prevenios M, Kolitari J, Kroqi G, Fusco M, Kalampokis E, Scoullos M. Marine litter on the beaches of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas: An assessment of their abundance, composition and sources. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 131:745-756. [PMID: 29887002 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The abundance, composition and sources of marine litter were determined on beaches located in the seven countries of the Adriatic-Ionian macroregion, namely Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. A total of 70,581 marine litter items were classified and recorded through one-year long surveys carried out in 31 sites. The average litter density of 0.67 items/m2 found within this study is considered to be relatively high. The beaches investigated differed in terms of human-induced pressures; their majority is classified either as semi-urban or semi-rural, while very few beaches could be characterized as urban or remote/natural. The majority of litter items were made of artificial/anthropogenic polymer materials accounting for 91.1% of all litter. Litter from shoreline sources accounted for 33.4% of all litter collected. The amount of litter from sea-based sources ranged in the different countries from 1.54% to 14.84%, with an average of 6.30% at regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomais Vlachogianni
- Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE), Athens, Greece.
| | - Tomaso Fortibuoni
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia, Italy
| | - Christina Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Cristina Mazziotti
- Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy in the Emilia-Romagna region (ARPAE), Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Pero Tutman
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOF), Split, Croatia
| | | | - Andreja Palatinus
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Štefan Trdan
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Peterlin
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milica Mandić
- Institute of Marine Biology (IBM), Kotor, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Helen Kaberi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Michael Prevenios
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | | | - Gulielm Kroqi
- Agricultural University of Tirana (AUT), Tirana, Albania
| | - Marina Fusco
- Hydro-Engineering Institute of the Faculty of Civil Engineering (HEIS), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Evangelos Kalampokis
- Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE), Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Scoullos
- Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE), Athens, Greece
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24
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Picot-Groz M, Fenet H, Martinez Bueno MJ, Rosain D, Gomez E. Diurnal variations in personal care products in seawater and mussels at three Mediterranean coastal sites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:9051-9059. [PMID: 29333571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of personal care products (PCPs) in the marine environment is of major concern. PCPs, UV filters, and musks can enter the marine environment indirectly through wastewater or directly via recreational activities. We conducted this study to document patterns in the occurrence of seven PCPs at three coastal sites impacted by recreational activities during 1 day. The study focused on diurnal variations in these seven PCPs in seawater and indigenous mussels. In seawater, UV filters showed diurnal variations that mirrored variations in recreational activities at the sites. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octocrylene (OC) water concentrations increased from under the limit of quantification in the morning to 106 and 369 ng/L, respectively, when recreational activities were the highest. In mussels, diurnal variations in OC were observed, with the lowest concentrations recorded in the morning and then increasing throughout the day. As Mytilus spp. are widely used as sentinels in coastal pollution monitoring programs (mussel watch), our findings on diurnal variations could enhance sampling recommendations for recreational sites impacted by PCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Picot-Groz
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Rosain
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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25
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Alm EW, Daniels-Witt QR, Learman DR, Ryu H, Jordan DW, Gehring TM, Santo Domingo J. Potential for gulls to transport bacteria from human waste sites to beaches. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:123-130. [PMID: 28964987 PMCID: PMC6754825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of recreational beaches due to fecal waste from gulls complicates beach monitoring and may pose a risk to public health. Gulls that feed at human waste sites may ingest human fecal microorganisms associated with that waste. If these gulls also visit beaches, they may serve as vectors, transporting fecal microorganisms to the beach where they may subsequently contaminate sand and water. In this study, samples collected from landfills, treated wastewater storage lagoons, and public beaches demonstrated a spatial and temporal overlap of markers for gull and human-associated microorganisms. In addition, markers for gull, fecal indicator bacteria, and the human-associated marker, HF183, were detected in gull feces and cloacae samples. Further, HF183 was detected in cloacae samples from gulls that were documented by radio-telemetry traveling between human waste sites and public beaches. This study highlights the potential for gulls that visit human waste sites to disperse human-associated microorganisms in the beach landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Alm
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Quri R Daniels-Witt
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Deric R Learman
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Dustin W Jordan
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Thomas M Gehring
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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26
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Valdelamar-Villegas J, Olivero-Verbel J. Bioecological Aspects and Heavy Metal Contamination of the Mollusk Donax denticulatus in the Colombian Caribbean Coastline. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:234-239. [PMID: 29149364 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Donax denticulatus is a key mollusk for the ecology of sandy beaches, serving as a controller of organic matter, microorganisms, and as bioindicator of heavy metals pollution. The goal of this study was to characterize some ecological aspects of D. denticulatus and its relationship with the content of heavy metals in their tissue, in three beaches of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The results showed the study populations were different in terms of morphological characteristics and density (Berrugas-Sucre < Cartagena-Bolívar < Riohacha-Guajira), but not in sexual proportion; although density was clearly related to beach occupancy by tourists. Analysis of metals revealed tissue concentrations varied depending on the location (Greater means: Hg = 0.018 ± 0.004 in Riohacha; Pb = 0.110 ± 0.060 in Berrugas and Cd = 0.040 ± 0.010 µg/g in Cartagena). No relationships were found between morphometric variables and heavy metals content. Principal components analysis highlighted Riohacha for presenting differences respecting to Bocagrande and Berrugas in terms of physicochemical water parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. Results suggest tourism rather than environmental pollution could be a sensitive factor for biota survival in Caribbean beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Valdelamar-Villegas
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia.
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27
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Hidalgo-Ruz V, Honorato-Zimmer D, Gatta-Rosemary M, Nuñez P, Hinojosa IA, Thiel M. Spatio-temporal variation of anthropogenic marine debris on Chilean beaches. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 126:516-524. [PMID: 29421133 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that in an emerging economy such as Chile the abundances of Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) on beaches are increasing over time. The citizen science program Científicos de la Basura ("Litter Scientists") conducted three national surveys (2008, 2012 and 2016) to determine AMD composition, abundance, spatial patterns and temporal trends. AMD was found on all beaches along the entire Chilean coast. Highest percentages of AMD in all surveys were plastics and cigarette butts, which can be attributed to local sources (i.e. beach users). The Antofagasta region in northern Chile had the highest abundance of AMD compared with all other zones. Higher abundances of AMD were found at the upper stations from almost all zones. No significant tendency of increasing or decreasing AMD densities was observed during the 8years covered by our study, which suggests that economic development alone cannot explain temporal trends in AMD densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Colegio San Adrián de Quilicura, Lo Ovalle 275, Quilicura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Honorato-Zimmer
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | - Paloma Nuñez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Iván A Hinojosa
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile.
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28
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Vogel LJ, Edge TA, O'Carroll DM, Solo-Gabriele HM, Kushnir CSE, Robinson CE. Evaluation of methods to sample fecal indicator bacteria in foreshore sand and pore water at freshwater beaches. Water Res 2017; 121:204-212. [PMID: 28538189 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are known to accumulate in foreshore beach sand and pore water (referred to as foreshore reservoir) where they act as a non-point source for contaminating adjacent surface waters. While guidelines exist for sampling surface waters at recreational beaches, there is no widely-accepted method to collect sand/sediment or pore water samples for FIB enumeration. The effect of different sampling strategies in quantifying the abundance of FIB in the foreshore reservoir is unclear. Sampling was conducted at six freshwater beaches with different sand types to evaluate sampling methods for characterizing the abundance of E. coli in the foreshore reservoir as well as the partitioning of E. coli between different components in the foreshore reservoir (pore water, saturated sand, unsaturated sand). Methods were evaluated for collection of pore water (drive point, shovel, and careful excavation), unsaturated sand (top 1 cm, top 5 cm), and saturated sand (sediment core, shovel, and careful excavation). Ankle-depth surface water samples were also collected for comparison. Pore water sampled with a shovel resulted in the highest observed E. coli concentrations (only statistically significant at fine sand beaches) and lowest variability compared to other sampling methods. Collection of the top 1 cm of unsaturated sand resulted in higher and more variable concentrations than the top 5 cm of sand. There were no statistical differences in E. coli concentrations when using different methods to sample the saturated sand. Overall, the unsaturated sand had the highest amount of E. coli when compared to saturated sand and pore water (considered on a bulk volumetric basis). The findings presented will help determine the appropriate sampling strategy for characterizing FIB abundance in the foreshore reservoir as a means of predicting its potential impact on nearshore surface water quality and public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Vogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Thomas A Edge
- Environment Canada, Canada Center for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Connected Water Institute, University of New South Wales, Manly Vale, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Caitlin S E Kushnir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Clare E Robinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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29
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Palazón A, López I, Aragonés L, Villacampa Y, Navarro-González FJ. Modelling of Escherichia coli concentrations in bathing water at microtidal coasts. Sci Total Environ 2017; 593-594:173-181. [PMID: 28346898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of the quality of bathing water in line with the European Commission bathing water directive (Directive 2006/7/EC) is a significant economic expense for those countries with great lengths of coastline. In this study a numerical model based on finite elements is generated whose objective is partially substituting the microbiological analysis of the quality of coastal bathing waters. According to a study of the concentration of Escherichia coli in 299 Spanish Mediterranean beaches, it was established that the most important variables that influence the concentration are: monthly sunshine hours, mean monthly precipitation, number of goat cattle heads, population density, presence of Posidonia oceanica, UV, urbanization level, type of sediment, wastewater treatment ratio, salinity, distance to the nearest discharge, and wave height perpendicular to the coast. Using these variables, a model with an absolute error of 10.6±1.5CFU/100ml is achieved. With this model, if there are no significant changes in the beach environment and the variables remain more or less stable, the concentration of E. coli in bathing water can be determined, performing only specific microbiological analyses to verify the water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palazón
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Catholic University of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, N° 135 Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - I López
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - L Aragonés
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Y Villacampa
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - F J Navarro-González
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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30
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Munari C, Scoponi M, Mistri M. Plastic debris in the Mediterranean Sea: Types, occurrence and distribution along Adriatic shorelines. Waste Manag 2017; 67:385-391. [PMID: 28529038 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Small plastic debris in sediments from five beaches were investigated to evaluate their occurrence and abundance in the Northern Adriatic coast for the first time. Plastic debris extracted from sediments were counted, weighted and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). A total of 1345 items of debris (13.491g) were recorded, with a mean density of 12.1 items kg-1 d.w. and 0.12gkg-1 d.w. Fragments were the most frequent type of small plastics debris detected. In terms of abundance, microplastics (<5mm) accounted for 61% of debris, showing their wide distribution on Adriatic coasts, even far-away from densely populated areas. The majority of the polymers found were polyolefins: there were greater quantities of polyethylene and polypropylene compared to other types of plastic. Primary microplastics accounted for only 5.6% of the total plastic debris. There were greater quantities of microplastics at sites subjected to stronger riverine runoff. The results will provide useful background information for further investigations to understand the sink and sources of this emergent and priority contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Scoponi
- Advanced Polymer Materials, Via G. Saragat 9, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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31
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Becherucci ME, Rosenthal AF, Seco Pon JP. Marine debris in beaches of the Southwestern Atlantic: An assessment of their abundance and mass at different spatial scales in northern coastal Argentina. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 119:299-306. [PMID: 28434664 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Argentina is currently undergoing an intensive development of coastal-oriented tourism due to the temperate climate and coastal sceneries of the Southwestern Atlantic and particularly its wide ocean-open sandy beaches, which may turn into an important contributor of marine debris to the beaches. This study was designed to assess at four spatial scales (i) the variation of the abundance and mass of marine debris and (ii) the composition and sources of these items in sandy-tourist beaches of coastal zones of the province of Buenos Aires, in northern Argentina. The abundance and mass of marine debris shifted between sampling localities (separated by ~1.5×105m) and beaches (~3×104m). Debris was primarily from recreational and fishing activities and over 20mm in size. Tackling the complications associated with marine debris in northern Argentina may include intensive educational and advertising campaigns oriented chiefly to beach users and fisherman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Becherucci
- Grupo Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Funes 3250, B7602AYJ Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Alan Federico Rosenthal
- Asociación Naturalistas Geselinos, Villa Gesell, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Programa Regional de Conservación e Investigación de Tortugas Marinas de la Argentina (PRICTMA), Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Seco Pon
- Grupo Vertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, B7602AYJ Mar del Plata, Argentina
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32
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Christ APG, Ramos SR, Cayô R, Gales AC, Hachich EM, Sato MIZ. Characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from marine recreational waters by MALDI-TOF MS and Rapid ID API® 20 Strep system. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 118:376-381. [PMID: 28318563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Biotyping has proven to be a reliable method for identifying bacteria at the species level based on the analysis of the ribosomal proteins mass fingerprint. We evaluate the usefulness of this method to identify Enterococcus species isolated from marine recreational water at Brazilian beaches. A total of 127 Enterococcus spp. isolates were identified to species level by bioMérieux's API® 20 Strep and MALDI-TOF systems. The biochemical test identified 117/127 isolates (92%), whereas MALDI identified 100% of the isolates, with an agreement of 63% between the methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of isolates with discrepant results showed that MALDI-TOF and API® correctly identified 74% and 11% of these isolates, respectively. This discrepancy probably relies on the bias of the API® has to identify clinical isolates. MALDI-TOF proved to be a feasible approach for identifying Enterococcus from environmental matrices increasing the rapidness and accuracy of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Guarnieri Christ
- CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, Department of Environmental Analysis, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Solange Rodrigues Ramos
- CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, Department of Environmental Analysis, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Medicine, ALERTA Laboratory, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Medicine, ALERTA Laboratory, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Elayse Maria Hachich
- CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, Department of Environmental Analysis, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, Department of Environmental Analysis, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
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33
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Graca B, Szewc K, Zakrzewska D, Dołęga A, Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M. Sources and fate of microplastics in marine and beach sediments of the Southern Baltic Sea-a preliminary study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:7650-7661. [PMID: 28124265 PMCID: PMC5383691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics' (particles size ≤5 mm) sources and fate in marine bottom and beach sediments of the brackish are strongly polluted Baltic Sea have been investigated. Microplastics were extracted using sodium chloride (1.2 g cm-3). Their qualitative identification was conducted using micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μFT-IR). Concentration of microplastics varied from 25 particles kg-1 d.w. at the open sea beach to 53 particles kg-1 d.w. at beaches of strongly urbanized bay. In bottom sediments, microplastics concentration was visibly lower compared to beach sediments (0-27 particles kg-1 d.w.) and decreased from the shore to the open, deep-sea regions. The most frequent microplastics dimensions ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and transparent fibers were predominant. Polyester, which is a popular fabrics component, was the most common type of microplastic in both marine bottom (50%) and beach sediments (27%). Additionally, poly(vinyl acetate) used in shipbuilding as well as poly(ethylene-propylene) used for packaging were numerous in marine bottom (25% of all polymers) and beach sediments (18% of all polymers). Polymer density seems to be an important factor influencing microplastics circulation. Low density plastic debris probably recirculates between beach sediments and seawater in a greater extent than higher density debris. Therefore, their deposition is potentially limited and physical degradation is favored. Consequently, low density microplastics concentration may be underestimated using current methods due to too small size of the debris. This influences also the findings of qualitative research of microplastics which provide the basis for conclusions about the sources of microplastics in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Graca
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewc
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Danuta Zakrzewska
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Dołęga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Hengstmann E, Gräwe D, Tamminga M, Fischer EK. Marine litter abundance and distribution on beaches on the Isle of Rügen considering the influence of exposition, morphology and recreational activities. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 115:297-306. [PMID: 27993369 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The abundance, weight and composition of marine debris were determined at the northwest coast of the Isle of Rügen in 2015. A total number of 1115 macrolitter items were registered, resulting in an abundance of 304±88.96 items per 100m of beach length and therefore being greater than the abundances found for other beaches at the Baltic Sea. Macrolitter items were predominantly composed of plastic, on average 83%. The four beaches under investigation have different exposition as well as touristic levels. The differing influence of wind and water currents as well as recreational activities on the macrolitter at these beaches was detectable. The distribution of items within a beach segment was analyzed by implementing D-GPS and drone aerial photography. The results of this analysis suggested that the identity of the substrate as well as the presence of vegetation are both major influencing factors in the macrolitter distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hengstmann
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Gräwe
- State Agency for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LUNG), Goldberger Straße 12, 18273 Güstrow, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamminga
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Kerstin Fischer
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Lévesque D, Cattaneo A, Deschamps G, Hudon C. In the eye of the beholder: Assessing the water quality of shoreline parks around the Island of Montreal through citizen science. Sci Total Environ 2017; 579:978-988. [PMID: 27914646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a part of the FreshWater Watch project aiming to promote volunteers' water monitoring in 25 cities around the world, St. Lawrence River water quality was characterized at 28 public shoreline parks around Montreal Island, Quebec, Canada. This involved training of 69 citizen scientists by researchers of the Université de Montréal in five one-day sessions. Shoreline sampling yielded 174 data points over three summers (May 2013 to November 2015). Water turbidity, nitrate and phosphate concentrations were measured in situ, together with the thickness and type of beach-cast vegetation, and the relative abundance of different types of beach litter. Data generated by citizen scientists provided 1) an overview of the water quality of the St. Lawrence and Des Prairies rivers around the Island of Montreal, 2) an estimation of the quantity and types of beach-cast aquatic plants and filamentous algae, and 3) novel insights into the distribution of the nuisance cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei. Overall, half of the sites were classified as "good" being characterized by low turbidity, nitrate and phosphate concentrations, and little deposition of beach-cast vegetation. Lyngbya wollei was found at 57% of the sites, revealing a more frequent occurrence than initially anticipated. The amount of litter recorded along the shoreline was generally small, comprising items related to picnicking (cans/bottles), smoking, and fishing activities in most parks. Wind exposure and rain events explained a significant fraction of the variability in nutrient concentration and turbidity among sites and dates. Shoreline condition assessed from water quality and vegetation data from this study was not correlated, however, with the most serious problem of faecal coliform counts gathered by the City of Montreal. This assessment of the quality and utilization of shoreline parks provides additional information to support planning and management activities of municipalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lévesque
- Université de Montréal GRIL, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - A Cattaneo
- Université de Montréal GRIL, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - G Deschamps
- Ville de Montréal, Service de l'environnement, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - C Hudon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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36
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Baring RJ, Lester RE, Fairweather PG. Establishing precise estimates of abundance in patchy habitats of the marine nearshore. Mar Environ Res 2016; 120:68-77. [PMID: 27442809 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exploratory investigations of optimal sampling designs are a critical component of the decision-making process in ecology where inherent natural variation can lead to erroneous conclusions if left unexamined. Pilot studies and exploratory analyses that investigate the precision of sampling regimes may reduce the chances of erroneous results and can be used to optimise processing time in larger ecological research programs. In our study, we calculated optimal precision estimates for sampling macroinvertebrates and ichthyofauna in surf-zone wrack accumulations by investigating the precision of the mean for sub-samples of seine nets and also for the number of replicate seine nets to guide future sampling regimes. We discovered that the processing time for individual seine net samples could be reduced by 50% using sub-sampling and that time to process replicate seine net samples could be reduced by 25% while maintaining acceptable precision. In future, we suggest that the use of pilot studies with similar exploratory approaches should be less of an exception and more a critical component of ecological investigations, particularly in under-studied or newly-developing areas of research. Further, these types of exploratory approaches are crucially important in a variety of extremely patchy environments where variability is likely to be high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Baring
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Rebecca E Lester
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, P.O. Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria, 3280, Australia.
| | - Peter G Fairweather
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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37
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Andrades R, Martins AS, Fardim LM, Ferreira JS, Santos RG. Origin of marine debris is related to disposable packs of ultra-processed food. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 109:192-195. [PMID: 27315750 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is currently distributed worldwide, and the discard and contamination pose hazards to human and wildlife health. One of the gaps in debris science is tracking the source of debris to better evaluate and avoid the pathway of debris from the source to marine environment. For this, we evaluated three beaches of different urbanization levels and environmental influences; a low urbanized beach, a highly urbanized beach and a non-urbanized estuary-associated beach, in order to determine the sources and original use of debris. Plastic was the major material found on beaches, and the urbanized beach recorded the highest debris densities. Marine debris was primarily from land-based sources, and the debris recorded in all beaches was mainly assigned as food-related items. Our results highlight the major presence of disposable and short-lived products comprising the majority of debris that enters the ocean and draw attention to the unsustainable lifestyle of current society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Andrades
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Agnaldo S Martins
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lorena M Fardim
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Ferreira
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Robson G Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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38
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Vieira JV, Ruiz-Delgado MC, Reyes-Martínez MJ, Borzone CA, Asenjo A, Sánchez-Moyano JE, García-García FJ. Assessment the short-term effects of wrack removal on supralittoral arthropods using the M-BACI design on Atlantic sandy beaches of Brazil and Spain. Mar Environ Res 2016; 119:222-237. [PMID: 27344395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wrack removal has been adopted indiscriminately, with no previous assessment of the ecological implications for sandy beach ecosystem. This study evaluated, through an M-BACI design, the effect of wrack removal on supralittoral arthropods on Atlantic sandy beaches receiving different types of wrack: mangrove propagules (Brazil), seagrasses and macroalgae (Spain). Impacted plots were contrasted with controls in 8 successive periods before and after experimental wrack removal. After the disturbance, drastic decreases in the densities of the amphipod Platorchestia monodi, coleopterans Cleridae, Nitidulidae and Phaleria testacea (Brazilian beaches) and amphipod Talitrus saltator (Spanish beaches) were detected in the impacted plots. The recovery patterns of arthropods might be related to wrack features (amount, composition, and degradation) combined with density and species-specific strategies (e.g. mobility, feeding preferences) in each Atlantic region. The temporary suppression of wrack and its associated fauna can have potential effects on the wrack-derived process and food-web structure on sandy beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenyffer Vierheller Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Av. Beira Mar, s/n CEP 83255-000, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ma Carmen Ruiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ma José Reyes-Martínez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Borzone
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Av. Beira Mar, s/n CEP 83255-000, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Angélico Asenjo
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Stelling-Wood TP, Clark GF, Poore AGB. Responses of ghost crabs to habitat modification of urban sandy beaches. Mar Environ Res 2016; 116:32-40. [PMID: 26970686 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sandy beaches in highly urbanised areas are subject to a wide range of human impacts. Ghost crabs are a commonly used ecological indicator on sandy beaches, as they are key consumers in these systems and counting burrow openings allows for rapid assessment of population size. This study assessed the pressures of urbanisation on sandy beaches in the highly urbanised estuary of Sydney Harbour. Across 38 beaches, we examined which physical beach properties, management practices and human induced habitat modification best predicted ghost crab distributions. Of all variables measured, the frequency of mechanical beach cleaning was the most important predictor of crab abundance, with low burrow densities at the highest cleaning frequency and the highest densities at beaches cleaned at the intermediate frequency (≤3 times per week). These results indicate that ghost crab populations in Sydney Harbour are more robust to the impacts of urbanisation than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia P Stelling-Wood
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Graeme F Clark
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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40
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Sánchez Rodríguez A, Rodrigo Sanz M, Betancort Rodríguez JR. Occurrence of eight UV filters in beaches of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). An approach to environmental risk assessment. Chemosphere 2015; 131:85-90. [PMID: 25792520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing concern about human health effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the use of UV filters has increased in recent decades. Unfortunately, some common UV filters are bioaccumulated in aquatic organisms and show a potential for estrogenic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the presence of some UV filters in the coastal waters of six beaches around Gran Canaria Island as consequence of recreational seaside activities. Eight commonly used UV filters: benzophenone-3 (BP-3), octocrylene (OC), octyl-dimethyl-PABA (OD-PABA), ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate (EHMC), homosalate (HMS), butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane (BMDBM), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), were monitored and, with the exception of OD-PABA, all were detected in the samples collected. 99% of the samples showed some UV filters and concentration levels reached up to 3316.7 ng/L for BP-3. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) approach showed risk quotients (RQ) higher than 10, which means that there is a significant potential for adverse effects, for 4-MBC and EHMC for those samples with highest levels of UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez Rodríguez
- Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - M Rodrigo Sanz
- Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J R Betancort Rodríguez
- Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain.
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41
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Bujosa Bestard A. Substitution patterns across alternatives as a source of preference heterogeneity in recreation demand models. J Environ Manage 2014; 144:212-217. [PMID: 24956466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent stated choice studies have shown that, in a context of inter-alternative correlation, individuals can assess alternatives differently. This asymmetry in perception between alternatives with different levels of substitutability becomes one additional, but usually overlooked, source of observed preference heterogeneity. In the context of beach recreation in Mallorca, Spain, this paper extends the investigation on this source of heterogeneity to a revealed preference setting. While the substitution pattern existent across sites is accounted for by means of a nested logit model, nest-specific coefficients are estimated to evaluate the utilities associated with different groups of sites. The results provide empirical evidence to suggest that substitution patterns across alternatives are a statistically significant source of influence on preference heterogeneity leading to different marginal sensitivities for a number of site attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Bujosa Bestard
- University of the Balearic Islands, Department of Applied Economics, Ctra.de Valldemossa km.7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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42
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Fiorentino LA, Olascoaga MJ, Reniers A. Analysis of water quality and circulation of four recreational Miami beaches through the use of Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 83:181-189. [PMID: 24768263 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four popular, recreational beaches in Miami, FL are Hobie Beach, Virginia Key Beach, Crandon Park Beach, and Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park. While all of the beaches are within a few miles of each other in Biscayne Bay, they have greatly differing water qualities, as determined by the testing for fecal indicator bacteria performed by the Florida Department of Health. Using the geodesic theory of transport barriers, we identify Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) in each area. We show how these material curves, which shape circulation and mixing patterns, can be used to explain the incongruous states of the water at beaches that should be comparable. The LCSs are computed using a hydrodynamic model and verified through field experimentation at each beach.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fiorentino
- University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States.
| | - M J Olascoaga
- University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - A Reniers
- University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States
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Jayasiri HB, Purushothaman CS, Vennila A. Quantitative analysis of plastic debris on recreational beaches in Mumbai, India. Mar Pollut Bull 2013; 77:107-12. [PMID: 24210947 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic litter was quantified on four sandy beaches in Mumbai. The mean abundance of 7.49 g and 68.83 items per square metre was recorded. The abundance of plastics significantly varied among the beaches showing an increasing trend in the southern part. The abundance of plastics by weight in Dadar was significantly higher than that in Aksa. The size fractionation of plastics proved that small particles (1-20 mm) are predominant with 41.85% microplastics (1-5 mm) which emphasizes the high risk to marine organisms due to possible ingestion. The highest quantity of microplastics was seen in Juhu beach (55.33%) followed by Versova, Aksa and Dadar. The major contributing factors for the abundance are beach usage for different activities such as recreational, religious and fishing which suggest that the land-based sources provide major inputs to plastic pollution in these beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Jayasiri
- Oceanography Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka.
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44
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Tyler AN, Dale P, Copplestone D, Bradley S, Ewen H, McGuire C, Scott EM. The radium legacy: Contaminated land and the committed effective dose from the ingestion of radium contaminated materials. Environ Int 2013; 59:449-455. [PMID: 23933503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture and use of radium in the early to mid-20th century within industrial, medicinal and recreational products have resulted in a large number of contaminated sites across a number of countries with notable examples in the USA and Europe. These sites, represent a significant number of unregulated sources of potential radiological exposure that have collectively and hitherto not been well characterised. In 2007, the Radioactive Contaminated Land (RCL) Regulations came into force in the UK, providing the statutory guidance for regulators to classify and deal with RCL. Here we report on results derived from digestion experiments to estimate committed effective dose, a key aspect of the RCL Regulations, from the ingestion of radium contaminated sources that can be found in the environment. This case study includes particles, clinker and artefacts that arise from past military activities on a site that was once an airfield at Dalgety Bay on the Firth of Forth, UK. Since 2011 the number of radium contaminated finds has increased by one order of magnitude on the foreshore areas of Dalgety Bay. The increase in finds may in large part be attributed to a change in monitoring practice. A subsample of sixty sources was selected, on the basis of their activity and dimensions, and subjected to digestion in simulated stomach and lower intestine solutions. The study demonstrated that more radium-226 ((226)Ra) and lead-210 ((210)Pb; driven by Polonium solubility) are dissolved from sources in artificial 'stomach' solutions compared with 'lower intestine' solutions. The combined 'gut' solubility for (226)Ra and apparent (210)Pb varied from less than 1% to up to 35% ICRP 72 conversion factors were used to convert the activities measured in solution to committed effective dose. A little over 10% of the sources tested dissolved sufficient radioactivity to result in 100mSv committed effective dose to an infant. Using the solubility of 35% as a worst case, minimum source activities necessary to deliver 100mSv to the full age range of users of the foreshore were estimated. All the estimated activities have been detected and recovered through routine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Tyler
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
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45
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Lafferty KD, Rodriguez DA, Chapman A. Temporal and spatial variation in bird and human use of beaches in southern California. Springerplus 2013; 2:38. [PMID: 23450765 PMCID: PMC3579413 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Southern California’s beaches can support a remarkable diversity of birds along the Pacific Flyway. We asked whether seasonal, annual, and spatial factors affect bird richness and abundance on public beaches. To do so, we conducted three years of monthly bird surveys on 12 sandy beaches in Ventura California. Across all surveys, we counted 22 shorebird species, 8 gull species, 24 other water bird species, and 24 landbird species. Sanderling, western gull, Heerman’s gull, willet, marbled godwit, and whimbrel were the most abundant members of the bird community. Beach wrack was uncommon, particularly where beaches were groomed, and did not have a large effect on bird abundance, though it was positively associated with overall bird richness. Beaches near estuaries tended to be wide, and such beaches had a higher richness and abundance of birds. Beaches with shallow slopes tended to have more gulls and shorebirds. People and (illegal) unleashed dogs were common, particularly at beaches fronted by houses. The abundance and richness of shorebirds and the richness of other waterbirds was lower where human activity was high. Bird richness and abundance was strongly affected by season, with the highest density of birds being seen during the fall shorebird migration. Gull abundance peaked earlier (August-September) than shorebird abundance (October through December). A brief pulse of shorebirds also occurred in May due to spring migration. Comparing these data with surveys in the 1990’s found no evidence for a decline in shorebirds over time, though black-bellied plover appear to still be recovering from the strong 1997-1998 ENSO. Opportunities to conserve birds on these beaches are limited, but could include enforcing leash laws and setting up human exclosures near estuary mouths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Lafferty
- Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey c/o Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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