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Yazawa A, Hikichi H, Shiba K, Okuzono SS, Kondo K, Sasaki S, Kawachi I. Association of disaster-related damage with inflammatory diet among older survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1648-1656. [PMID: 38258409 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences from disasters have enduring effects on health, both directly and indirectly by influencing health behaviours. Among potential pathways, the impact of disaster-related trauma on dietary patterns has been understudied. This study investigated the relationship between disaster-related trauma and dietary inflammatory index (DII®), and how these relationships differed by gender and whether they prepare meal by themselves or not among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (n 1375). Dietary data were collected in 2020 using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, from which we derived a dietary inflammatory index (DII®) based on twenty-six food/nutrient items, where higher scores indicate pro-inflammatory (i.e. unhealthy) diet. We found that the experience of housing damage due to the earthquake and tsunami was associated with slightly higher DII scores (coef. = 0·38, 95 % CI -0·05, 0·81). Specifically, women who cooked by themselves tended to have higher DII when they experienced housing damage (coef. = 1·33, 95 %CI -0·63, 3·28). On the other hand, loss of friends was associated with a lower DII score (coef. = -0·28, 95 % CI -0·54, -0·01). These findings highlight the importance of providing support to groups who are at increased risk of deterioration in dietary quality in the aftermath of disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yazawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Division of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakurako Shiba Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Nakanishi R, Ashi J, Okamura S, Yokoyama Y, Miyairi Y. Understanding paleo-earthquakes in the Kuril Trench based on Late-Holocene tsunami deposits in the distal region from wave sources, northern Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298720. [PMID: 38630661 PMCID: PMC11023580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Geological evidence, such as tsunami deposits, is crucial for studying the largest rupture zone of the Kuril Trench in Hokkaido, Japan, due to its poor historical record. Although 17th-century tsunami deposits are widely distributed across Hokkaido, the presence of multiple wave sources during that period, including the collapse of Mt. Komagatake, complicates the correlation with their wave sources. Understanding the regional distribution of these tsunami deposits can provide valuable data to estimate the magnitude of megathrust earthquakes in the Kuril Trench. The northern part of Hidaka, Hokkaido, where tsunamis from multiple wave sources are expected to overlap, is distant from the Kuril Trench. To clarify the depositional history of tsunami deposits in such distal areas, evaluating the influence of the depositional environments on the event layer preservation becomes even more critical. We conducted field surveys in Kabari, located in the northern Hidaka region, identifying three sand layers from the 10th to the 17th century and two layers dating beyond 2.3 thousand years ago. The depositional ages of most sand layers potentially correlate with tsunami deposits resulting from the Kuril Trench earthquakes. Utilizing reconstructed paleo-sea level data, we estimated that most sand layers reached approximately 2 m in height. However, it is noteworthy that the latest sand layer from the 17th century exhibited an unusual distribution, more than 3 m in height. This suggests a different wave source as the Mt. Komagatake collapse. The discovery of multiple sand layers and their distributions is crucial to constraining the maximum magnitude of giant earthquakes in the Kuril Trench and understanding the volcanic tsunami events related to Mt. Komagatake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juichiro Ashi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamura
- Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Hokkaido Soil Research Co-operation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokoyama
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Program on Environmental Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yosuke Miyairi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Pohan RA, Ramadhani E, Marimbun M, Chalidaziah W, Nengsih N, Marhaban M. Disaster Preparedness and Safety Curriculum for Early Childhood Education in Indonesia. Prehosp Disaster Med 2024; 39:228-229. [PMID: 38454811 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x24000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indonesia is located within the Asia-Pacific Ring of Fire, so natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, and landslides are common. Preparedness is essential to prevent many casualties due to various disasters. PROBLEM The Aceh, Indonesia earthquake and tsunami in 2004 was one of the most devastating disasters since the 1990s. Some of the victims were children. This is because there was no pattern of preparedness in dealing with disasters when the incident took place; even the word tsunami was not familiar in Indonesia at that time. Thus, the preparation of a disaster preparedness and safety curriculum began to be implemented in Indonesia after the Aceh earthquake and tsunami. CONCLUSION The disaster preparedness and safety curriculum in early childhood education is developed in accordance with the potential and characteristics of the school area. Basic disaster material provided concepts, characteristics and threats, maps, ways of overcoming, and disaster preparedness and security. Facilities and infrastructure supporting disaster preparedness learning used disaster puzzles, disaster posters, songs about disasters, and prayers asking God for help to be protected from disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky Andana Pohan
- Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia
- Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Erfan Ramadhani
- Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
- Universitas PGRI Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
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Shi X, Kosari S, Hameed S, Shah AG, Ullah S. Application of connectivity index of cubic fuzzy graphs for identification of danger zones of tsunami threat. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297197. [PMID: 38289906 PMCID: PMC10826963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fuzzy graphs are very important when we are trying to understand and study complex systems with uncertain and not exact information. Among different types of fuzzy graphs, cubic fuzzy graphs are special due to their ability to represent the membership degree of both vertices and edges using intervals and fuzzy numbers, respectively. To figure out how things are connected in cubic fuzzy graphs, we need to know about cubic α-strong, cubic β-strong and cubic δ-weak edges. These concepts better help in making decisions, solving problems and analyzing things like transportation, social networks and communication systems. The applicability of connectivity and comprehension of cubic fuzzy graphs have urged us to discuss connectivity in the domain of cubic fuzzy graphs. In this paper, the terms partial cubic α-strong and partial cubic δ-weak edges are introduced for cubic fuzzy graphs. The bounds and exact expression of connectivity index for several cubic fuzzy graphs are estimated. The average connectivity index for cubic fuzzy graphs is also defined and some results pertaining to these concepts are proved in this paper. The results demonstrate that removing some vertices or edges may cause a change in the value of connectivity index or average connectivity index, but the change will not necessarily be related to both values. This paper also defines the concepts of partial cubic connectivity enhancing node and partial cubic connectivity reducing node and some related results are proved. Furthermore, the concepts of cubic α-strong, cubic β- strong, cubic δ-weak edge, partial cubic α-strong and partial cubic δ-weak edges are utilized to identify areas most affected by a tsunami resulting from an earthquake. Finally, the research findings are compared with the existing methods to demonstrate their suitability and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shi
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saeed Kosari
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saira Hameed
- Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghafar Shah
- Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Conroy G. Japan earthquakes: the science behind the deadly tremors. Nature 2024; 625:228. [PMID: 38172311 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
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Egawa S, Ishii T, Furukawa H, Fujita M, Abe Y, Sakamoto A, Inaba Y, Ono K, Harigae H, Tsuboi M, Kuriyama S, Sasaki H. The 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake and the Strategy of Medical Assistance from the Tohoku University Hospital. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 262:45-49. [PMID: 38346746 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2024.j010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A moment magnitude (Mw) 7.5 earthquake (the Global IDentifire (GLIDE) number: # Q-2024-000001-JPN) struck the Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture on 1 January 2024 at 16:10 (Japan Standard Time). The reversed fault, 150 km in length and subducting beneath the peninsula, resulted in maximum seismic intensity 7 shaking, triggered the tsunami, destroyed over 43 thousand buildings, and disrupted roads and lifelines. The disaster claimed 236 deaths, including 15 indirect disaster deaths as of Jan. 28, 2024. There were Disaster Base Hospitals (DBHs) in the region, which survived structurally but suffered from impaired functions and the surge of medical needs of affected people. The disaster medical system of Japan immediately responded and coordinated the hundreds of emergency medical teams (EMTs), i.e., the Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), from all over the country. Tohoku University Hospital, which had the experience of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), joined the coordinated response, dispatching a chain of DMATs, which helped the medical and public health coordination in Wajima City. The medical and public health needs included injuries, non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases, mental health issues, and maternal and child health issues, which were similar in the affected communities in GEJE. Although the actual damage far exceeded expectations, the structural retrofitting and business continuity plans of DBHs and the coordinated response of the national disaster medical system enhanced the effectiveness of medical and public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Egawa
- International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine Lab., International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Motoo Fujita
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiko Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
- Department of Nursing, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | - Yohei Inaba
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Katsunori Ono
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Motohiro Tsuboi
- International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine Lab., International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Saitama Hospital
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Disaster Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine Lab., International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
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Cheek WW, Chmutina K, von Meding J. In the arena: contesting disaster creation in cities. Disasters 2024; 48:e12588. [PMID: 37159567 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Space is a feature of all disasters, and it is through decisions on how space is developed, used, and reproduced that disasters manifest themselves. Critical urban theory sees urban space-cities-as an arena of contestation expressed through the relationship between people, power, and the built environment. Cities allow for an unpacking of this process of contestation through the interpretation of various temporal, spatial, social, and physical elements that together create complex issues and 'wicked problems'. In these urban spaces in all their complexity, disasters reveal both the worst injustices and inequalities present in a society. By drawing on three well-known cases-Hurricane Katrina in 2010; the Haiti earthquake in 2010; and the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011-this paper not only explores the opportunities that critical urban theory presents for gaining a deeper understanding of disaster risk creation, but also it encourages disaster scholars to engage with it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ksenia Chmutina
- Reader in Sustainable and Resilient Urbanism, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Jason von Meding
- Associate Professor, Rinker School of Construction Management, and a founding faculty member of the Florida Institute for Built Environment Resilience, University of Florida, United States
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Adam EK. Natural disasters as natural experiments: Lessons for human stress science. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316231120. [PMID: 37851704 PMCID: PMC10622926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316231120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Adam
- Human Development and Social Policy, School of Education and Social Policy, and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60626
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Lawton R, Frankenberg E, Seeman T, Crimmins E, Sumantri C, Thomas D. Exposure to the Indian Ocean Tsunami shapes the HPA-axis resulting in HPA "burnout" 14 years later. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306497120. [PMID: 37844215 PMCID: PMC10622908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306497120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research on the effects of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, questions remain regarding long-term impacts of large-scale stressors. Leveraging data on exposure to an unanticipated major natural disaster, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, we provide causal evidence of its imprint on hair cortisol levels fourteen years later. Data are drawn from the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery, a population-representative longitudinal study of tsunami survivors who were living along the coast of Aceh, Indonesia, when the tsunami hit. Annual rounds of data, collected before, the year after and 2 y after the disaster provide detailed information about tsunami exposures and self-reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Hair samples collected 14 y after the tsunami from a sample of adult participants provide measures of cortisol levels, integrated over several months. Hair cortisol concentrations are substantially and significantly lower among females who were living, at the time of the tsunami, in communities directly damaged by the tsunami, in comparison with similar females living in other, nearby communities. Differences among males are small and not significant. Cortisol concentrations are lowest among those females living in damaged communities who reported elevated post-traumatic stress symptoms persistently for two years after the tsunami, indicating that the negative effects of exposure were largest for them. Low cortisol is also associated with contemporaneous reports of poor self-rated general and psychosocial health. Taken together, the evidence points to dysregulation in the HPA axis and "burnout" among these females fourteen years after exposure to the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Lawton
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02115
| | | | - Teresa Seeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | | | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
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Takegawa N, Sawada Y, Furuichi N. Strategic coastal dike shape for enhanced tsunami overflow reduction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292930. [PMID: 37831673 PMCID: PMC10575497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal dikes are an essential social infrastructure to mitigate tsunami damage. However, there are no clear guidelines on effective dike shapes for reducing tsunami overflow. To examine effective dike shapes, numerical simulations of the amount of tsunami overflow at coastal dikes are conducted with reference to tsunami waveforms caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Results reveal the relationship between the dike shape and the amount of the overflow; the mechanism of overflow reduction based on the velocity and water level distribution is also verified. The comparison of the seaward and landward slopes of coastal dikes reveals that the seaward slope has a greater impact on the overflow, and the seaward slope with a vertical wall or a wave return structure reduces the overflow by 5%-30% compared to the 1:2 (26.6°) seaward slope. The landward slope should be determined based on the tsunami scale and the scour related to the dike stability. Since tsunami inflow damages human life and social infrastructure, achieving the overflow reduction without increasing dike height is vital. Our work contributes to rational design guidelines for coastal dikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takegawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sawada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Furuichi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Matsuoka Y, Haseda M, Kanamori M, Sato K, Amemiya A, Ojima T, Takagi D, Hanazato M, Kondo N. Does disaster-related relocation impact mental health via changes in group participation among older adults? Causal mediation analysis of a pre-post disaster study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1982. [PMID: 37821854 PMCID: PMC10568925 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster-related relocation is associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, especially in older adults. Disaster-related relocation often deprives survivors of opportunities for social group participation, potentially deteriorating their mental health. On the contrary, the relocation could also be an opportunity for optimizing social relationships, ending/reducing unwanted participation. This study examined the potential mediation effects of changing participation for the link of disaster-related relocation to mental health. METHODS We analyzed a pre-post disaster dataset of functionally independent older adults from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Following the 2013 survey, a follow-up survey was conducted seven months after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (n = 828). RESULTS The causal mediation analyses indicated that compared to no relocation, the relative risk for experiencing major depressive episodes among those relocating to temporary housing was 3.79 [95% confidence interval: 1.70-6.64] (natural direct effect). By contrast, the relative risk for those renewing (either ceased or started) group participation was 0.60 [95% CI: 0.34-0.94] (natural indirect effect). CONCLUSIONS Optimization of social ties according to a renewal of group participation status might have protected older adults in temporary housing against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuoka
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maho Haseda
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Kanamori
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Airi Amemiya
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Science Frontier Laboratory, Kyoto University, Floor 2, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan.
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Hikichi H, Shiba K, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Association between sense of coherence and health and well-being among older survivors of a natural disaster: a prospective outcome-wide study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16385. [PMID: 37773258 PMCID: PMC10542327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether pre-disaster Sense of Coherence (SOC) mitigated the impact of housing damage on health and well-being of older survivors after the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. A panel survey was conducted in a city located 80 km west of the epicenter seven months before and three years after the disaster (3594 respondents). Among respondents with lighter property damage, higher SOC was inversely associated with mental distress (coefficient - 0.29, 95% CI (confidence interval) - 0.39, - 0.19, p < .01), unhappiness (coefficient - 0.33, 95% CI - 0.43, - 0.23, p < .01), low expectation of mutual help (coefficient - 0.17, 95% CI - 0.27, - 0.07, p < .01), and weak community attachment (coefficient - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.30, - 0.11, p < .01). Conversely, among those who experienced housing loss, higher SOC was no longer protectively associated with health and well-being. Loss of generalized resistance resources due to serious damage led to difficulties in stress coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Yazawa A, Shiba K, Okuzono SS, Hikichi H, Kawachi I. Bidirectional associations between post-traumatic stress symptoms and sleep quality among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad106. [PMID: 37029901 PMCID: PMC10465083 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the bidirectional associations between post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and sleep quality in a sample of older disaster survivors. METHODS We used 4 waves (2010, 2013, 2016, and 2020) of the Iwanuma Study, which included pre-disaster information and 9 years of follow-up data among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the bidirectional associations between sleep problems and PTSS. RESULTS Individuals reporting sleep problems before the disaster were more likely to develop PTSS after exposure to disaster trauma, while there was no effect modification, i.e. prevalence ratio for sleep problems did not differ by the magnitude of disaster damages. Individuals reporting sleep problems after the disaster were less likely to recover from PTSS, and more likely to develop the delayed onset of PTSS 5 years after the disaster. While individuals who recovered from PTSS 9 years after the disaster were still at slightly higher risk of having sleep problems compared to those who never had PTSS, none of the sleeping problems were found to be significantly prevalent after the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS Pre-disaster sleep problems predicted PTSS onset independently of experiences of disaster trauma. The association between PTSS and sleep problems was bidirectional. Intervening to mitigate lingering sleep problems may benefit the recovery of disaster survivors from post-traumatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yazawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakurako Shiba Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Division of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Mikami T, Tanno K, Sasaki R, Takanashi N, Kotozaki Y, Asahi K, Tanaka F, Omama S, Kogure M, Nakaya N, Nakamura T, Tsuchiya N, Narita A, Hozawa A, Hitomi J, Sakata K, Sasaki M. Association between the extent of house collapse and urine sodium-to-potassium ratio of victims affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: a cross-sectional study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1247-1256. [PMID: 36806793 PMCID: PMC10164643 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
People who experience natural disasters have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association between the extent of house collapse and urine sodium-to-potassium (UNa/K) ratio of 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake victims. We used the baseline survey data of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-Based Cohort Study of 29 542 individuals (aged 20-74 years) residing in the affected areas. The UNa/K ratio was calculated using spot urinary electrolyte values. Analysis of covariance was used to calculate the multivariate-adjusted geometric means of the UNa/K ratio in the following groups stratified according to the self-reported extent of house collapse: total collapse (TC), half collapse (HC), partial collapse (PC), and no damage (ND). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for a high UNa/K ratio were calculated using logistic regression. The TC, HC, PC, and ND groups comprised 5 359 (18.1%), 3 576 (12.1%), 7 331 (24.8%), and 13 276 (44.9%) participants, respectively. The TC (3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.28-3.38), HC (3.37; 3.30-3.43), and PC (3.32; 3.28-3.37) groups had significantly higher multivariate-adjusted geometric means of the UNa/K ratio than the ND (3.24; 3.21-3.27) group. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for a high UNa/K ratio in the TC, HC, and PC groups vs. the ND group were 1.07 (0.99-1.15), 1.20 (1.11-1.31), and 1.20 (1.12-1.28), respectively. Similar associations between house collapse and UNa/K ratio were observed for both sexes. We report that victims of a natural disaster tend to have a diet with high sodium-to-potassium ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mikami
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Department of Human Sciences, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takanashi
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Koichi Asahi
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Tanaka
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Shinichi Omama
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuchiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jiro Hitomi
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
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15
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Fujimaki T, Ohno Y, Tsutsui A, Inoue Y, Zha L, Fujii M, Tajima T, Hattori S, Sobue T. Major Causes of Death among Older Adults after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Retrospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5058. [PMID: 36981965 PMCID: PMC10049726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the 3-year impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of 2011 on deaths due to neoplasm, heart disease, stroke, pneumonia, and senility among older adults in the primarily affected prefectures compared with other prefectures, previous investigations having been more limited as regards mortality causes and geographic areas. Using death certificates issued between 2006 and 2015 (n = 7,383,253), mortality rates (MRs) and risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using a linear mixed model with the log-transformed MR as the response variable. The model included interactions between the area category and each year of death from 2010 to 2013. The RRs in the interaction significantly increased to 1.13, 1.17, and 1.28 for deaths due to stroke, pneumonia, and senility, respectively, in Miyagi Prefecture in 2011, but did not significantly increase for any of the other areas affected by the GEJE. Moreover, increased RRs were not reported for any of the other years. The risk of death increased in 2011; however, this was only significant for single-year impact. In 2013, decreased RRs of pneumonia in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures and of senility in Fukushima Prefecture were observed. Overall, we did not find evidence of strong associations between the GEJE and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Fujimaki
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anna Tsutsui
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Inoue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Medical Treatment Recover Care Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ling Zha
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tajima
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Devakumar D, Busert L, Sathiadas MG, Jayawardana P, Arulpragasam A, Osmond C, Fall CHD, Wells JCK, Wickramasinghe VP. The Long-Term Consequences of Early Life Exposure to Tsunami and Conflict on Adolescents in Sri Lanka. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:112-120. [PMID: 36695321 PMCID: PMC10185911 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231151730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The consequences for adolescent health due to early life exposure to natural disasters combined with war are not known. We collected data from adolescents aged 12-13 years in Sri Lanka whose mothers were pregnant during the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 in a tsunami-affected region (n = 22), conflict-affected region (n = 35), conflict-plus-tsunami-affected region (n = 29), or controls in areas unaffected by either (n = 24). Adjusted body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores were 1.3, 1.0 and 2.0 for conflict, tsunami, and conflict-plus-tsunami, respectively, compared with the control group. Greater skinfold thickness and higher diastolic blood pressure were found in adolescents born in the conflict zone but no differences were found in height, head circumference, and waist circumference, or blood results, with the exception of serum insulin. Being born after a natural disaster or during conflict was associated with increased BMI and body fat during adolescent, which are associated with longer-term risk of noncommunicable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan Devakumar
- Institute for Global Health, University
College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Busert
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child
Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Angela Arulpragasam
- Faculty of Health Care Sciences,
Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre,
Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline H. D. Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre,
Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child
Health, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Yazawa A, Shiba K, Hikichi H, Okuzono SS, Aida J, Kondo K, Sasaki S, Kawachi I. Post-Disaster Mental Health and Dietary Patterns among Older Survivors of an Earthquake and Tsunami. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:124-133. [PMID: 36806867 PMCID: PMC9982700 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research suggests that cardiometabolic disease risks are elevated among survivors of natural disasters, possibly mediated by changes in diet. Using the Brief Dietary History Questionnaire, we examined (1) dietary patterns among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and (2) the contribution of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS)/depressive symptoms, as well as relocation to temporary housing on dietary patterns and (3) gender differences in the associations. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data came from a prospective cohort study of 1,375 survivors aged 65-89 years (44.6% male). MEASUREMENTS PTSS/depression onset was evaluated in 2013, 2.5 years after the disaster. Dietary data was collected with a self-administered brief-type diet history questionnaire in 2020. A principal component analysis identified three posterior dietary patterns. RESULTS Diet 1 consisted of high intake of vegetables, soy products, and fruits; Diet 2 consisted of carbohydrate-rich foods and snacks/sweets; Diet 3 consisted of high intake of alcoholic beverages, meat, and seafood. Least-squares linear regression revealed that individuals with PTSS/depression were less likely to exhibit Diet 1, while individuals with PTSS were more likely to exhibit Diet 2 and 3. Especially, males who had depression showed an unhealthy dietary pattern. Those who have lived in a trailer-style temporary housing reported less consumption of Diet 3. CONCLUSION Survivors of disaster with symptoms of mental illness tended to exhibit less healthy dietary patterns after 9 years. Diet varied by type of post-disaster mental illness, gender, and current social circumstances. We lacked pre-disaster BDHQ data, which is a limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yazawa
- Aki Yazawa, PhD, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115, USA, Tel: +1-617-432-0235; Fax: +1-617-432-3123, E-mail: , ORCID: 0000-0002-4335-3880
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18
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Tappero E, DiSabatino D. Strengthening tsunami maritime response and mitigation through inclusive stakeholder engagement: Lessons learned in Washington State. J Bus Contin Emer Plan 2023; 17:140-156. [PMID: 37968781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the most vulnerable facilities to tsunami impacts are ports, harbours and marinas. The ability of maritime infrastructure to withstand a disaster and resume operations quickly plays a major factor in the recovery of the local community and economy in the short and long term. Despite this, little established guidance exists to assist the maritime community with addressing their tsunami risk in an actionable, site-specific manner. To close this gap and improve the resilience of its maritime community, Washington State has begun developing tsunami maritime response and mitigation strategies for major ports, harbours and marinas along its 3,200 miles of coastline. These strategies include detailed information about the location's specific tsunami risk, recommended guidance for vessel operators in the area, and tsunami mitigation and response recommendations ranked by their implementation feasibility for the maritime entity in question. Most importantly, the strategies are created through close collaboration with local key stakeholders, subject matter experts, local emergency management and state agencies to ensure a final deliverable that is accurate, thorough and, above all, useful to the local maritime entity and its tenants and users. As this paper will discuss, the lessons learned during the planning and delivery of these strategies provide valuable insight for professionals in the maritime, business continuity and emergency management fields, including how to conduct effective and inclusive stakeholder engagement, identify gaps and opportunities in resilience planning, and establish a deeper understanding of tsunami maritime risk and hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danté DiSabatino
- Tsunami Program Coordinator, Washington Military Department, Emergency Management Division
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Luong H. Business grants following natural disasters and their different impact on the performance of female and male-owned microenterprises: Evidence from Sri Lanka. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279418. [PMID: 36542653 PMCID: PMC9770362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper investigates gender differences in the treatment effects of business grants on firm performance following natural disasters, and seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the unequal effects. METHOD A panel data-set from an experiment in Sri Lanka is used to measure the difference in the treatment effects of a business grant on the performance of female and male-owned firms following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The sample of 608 microenterprises includes 297 female-owned firms and 311 male-owned firms. There are 338 firms (Male = 176, Female = 162) in the treatment group that received the grant and 270 firms (Male = 135, Female = 135) in the control group that did not receive the grant. Data on firm performance, firm characteristics and owner characteristics were collected in 13 survey waves from April 2005 to December 2010. Firm performance, which is measured by firm profit, is assessed by employing linear regression with fixed effects in an intention-to-treat analysis. FINDINGS The results suggest that the business grant has a positive impact on the performance of male-owned firms, but zero effect on that of female-owned firms. Several potential mechanisms drive the results, including gender differences in business investment, household expenditure and initial business closures. The results also show a positive treatment effect of the business grant on the psychological recovery of recipients, but there is no evidence supporting gender differences in this dimension. CONTRIBUTION This paper provides new evidence on gender differences in the treatment effects of business grants on firm performance in the context of post-disasters, and has implications for business recovery programs aimed at supporting female microentrepreneurs in the aftermath of large-scale catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Luong
- Department of Economics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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20
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Sugianto S, Arabia T, Rusdi M, Syakur S, Trishiani M. Spatial distribution vegetation density, land surface temperature, and land surface moisture of Banda Aceh, Indonesia after 17 years of tsunami: a multitemporal analysis approaches. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:213. [PMID: 36538119 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies on vegetation cover in relation to the land surface temperature (LST) and land surface moisture (LSM) have been carried out, but not yet been investigated in relation to the pre-disaster and after-tsunami disasters. This paper investigates the spatial extent of vegetation cover density, land surface temperature, and land surface moisture of Banda Aceh from 2000 to 2020 to represent the pre-disaster phase, during the disaster, post-disaster, rehabilitation, and reconstruction stages, and current conditions using remote sensing data. NDVI, LST, and NDMI indexes were utilized, and the mapping process of multitemporal images of Banda Aceh was carried out. The results show that after the tsunami, the distribution of vegetation density varies, tending to decrease for densely vegetated areas before increasing more than 5 years later. For medium categories, the vegetation density increased by 22% in 2020 and almost 26% in 2015. Meanwhile, dense vegetation grew by 19% and 13%, respectively, according to data for 2015 and 2020. In a similar outlook, the increasing vegetation density has demonstrated that the LST across Banda Aceh is dominated by 27-30 °C, with 2005 data occupying the coldest area. The city's moderate moisture content covered 85.43% of its surface. The low to medium vegetation density, LST, and LSM indexes from 2000 to 2010 is shown by overlaying a combination of three spatial extent indexes. It is shown that Banda Aceh's medium-to-high density, medium LSM, and medium-to-high LST spatially. Banda Aceh's dynamic changes in vegetation, LST, and LSM over the past two decades have been proven in this research; the Banda Aceh's spatial variation in vegetation density, LST, and LSM is influenced by the tsunami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugianto Sugianto
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111.
- Remote Sensing and Cartography Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111.
| | - Teti Arabia
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
| | - Muhammad Rusdi
- Remote Sensing and Cartography Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
| | - Syakur Syakur
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
| | - Meura Trishiani
- Agrarian and Spatial Planning, National Land Agency, Aceh Province, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
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21
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Havivi S, Rotman SR, Blumberg DG, Maman S. Damage Assessment in Rural Environments Following Natural Disasters Using Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Data. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9998. [PMID: 36560367 PMCID: PMC9788353 DOI: 10.3390/s22249998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The damage caused by natural disasters in rural areas differs in nature extent, landscape, and structure, from the damage caused in urban environments. Previous and current studies have focused mainly on mapping damaged structures in urban areas after catastrophic events such as earthquakes or tsunamis. However, research focusing on the level of damage or its distribution in rural areas is lacking. This study presents a methodology for mapping, characterizing, and assessing the damage in rural environments following natural disasters, both in built-up and vegetation areas, by combining synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) and optical remote sensing data. As a case study, we applied the methodology to characterize the rural areas affected by the Sulawesi earthquake and the subsequent tsunami event in Indonesia that occurred on 28 September 2018. High-resolution COSMO-SkyMed images obtained pre- and post-event, alongside Sentinel-2 images, were used as inputs. This study's results emphasize that remote sensing data from rural areas must be treated differently from that of urban areas following a disaster. Additionally, the analysis must include the surrounding features, not only the damaged structures. Furthermore, the results highlight the applicability of the methodology for a variety of disaster events, as well as multiple hazards, and can be adapted using a combination of different optical and SAR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Havivi
- Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Stanley R. Rotman
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dan G. Blumberg
- Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Homeland Security Institute, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shimrit Maman
- Homeland Security Institute, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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22
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Sodeyama N, Takahashi S, Aiba M, Haraguchi Y, Arai T, Tachikawa H. A Comparison of Mental Health among Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Power Plant Accident Survivors in the Long Term after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14072. [PMID: 36360954 PMCID: PMC9659037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Even now, ten years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), thousands of residents of Fukushima Prefecture are still living as evacuees. To understand the mental health states and needs for psychological care of the survivors, we conducted a questionnaire survey of survivors who were evacuated from Fukushima to Ibaraki due to the nuclear power plant accident and of the residents of two areas in Ibaraki where damage was particularly severe due to the tsunami or liquefaction. Our results show that stress related to participants' hometowns and to the disaster was a risk factor for depression and post-traumatic stress among the survivors in the medium to long term in all regions examined. Other risk factors for post-traumatic stress differed by region. This study shows that in a complex disaster such as the GEJE, where damage is widespread, the causes of damage and the experiences of disaster survivors differ greatly from region to region and that risk factors for depression and post-traumatic stress among disaster survivors over the medium to long term may also differ. To provide appropriate care to disaster survivors, it is necessary to determine what is causing the risk of depression and post-traumatic stress at any given time and in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sodeyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Miyuki Aiba
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Toyo Gakuen University, 1-26-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yayoi Haraguchi
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tachikawa
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Zheng X, Feng C, Ishiwatari M. Examining the Indirect Death Surveillance System of The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12351. [PMID: 36231645 PMCID: PMC9566299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The long-term mortality risk of natural disasters is a key threat to disaster resilience improvement, yet an authoritative certification and a reliable surveillance system are, unfortunately, yet to be established in many countries. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of post-disaster indirect deaths in Japan, to improve the existing disaster recovery evaluation system and support decision making in public policy. This study first investigated the definition of indirect deaths via a literature review before examining the observed number of indirect deaths via case study, census data from the Population Demographic and Household Surveys, other social surveys, and reports in the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, which severely damaged northeastern Japan, especially the three prefectures, which are the target areas in this context (i.e., Fukushima, Iwate, and Miyagi). It was found that the reported number of indirect deaths was significantly underestimated. In total, 4657 indirect deaths were estimated to have occurred in the target prefectures. This was higher than the reported number, which was 3784. The overall statistics established via collaboration between local administrations and governments can be improved to provide better reference for researchers and policymakers to investigate the long-term effects of natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Department of International Studies, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Chuyao Feng
- Department of International Studies, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Mikio Ishiwatari
- Department of International Studies, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan
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Tsuboi M, Tani Y, Sawano T, Ozaki A, Nonaka S, Zhao T, Hori A, Akihiro U, Zaima F, Watanabe T, Tsubokura M. Symposium on disaster-related deaths after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Radiol Prot 2022; 42:033502. [PMID: 35998567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac8bdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disaster deaths can be classified into direct and indirect deaths. Direct deaths are those caused by the direct physical effects of disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and radiation exposure. Indirect deaths are those caused by secondary health effects such as emergency evacuation, relocation, evacuation environment, disruption of health care delivery services, and psychosocial effects. In addition, in Japan, the term disaster-related deaths refers to indirect deaths in accordance with the disaster condolence payments system, which provides relief for bereaved families. On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake exposed several issues related to disaster-related deaths in Japan. Therefore, on 1 February 2022, a symposium on disaster-related deaths hosted by this study was held on the website. The symposium discussed the issues and challenges associated with disaster-related deaths for future disaster preparedness. The authors introduced the concept of 'shaking' at the symposium by defining 'shaking' as 'the repeated changes in the social and living environment that worsen health conditions, regardless of the disaster'. It was also pointed out that vulnerable populations are more likely to experience more pronounced health effects. This generalised concept of 'shaking' associated with disaster-related deaths suggests that it is important to anticipate disasters before they occur to take specific preventive measures, targeted at vulnerable populations. This study found that disaster-related deaths in Japan create several problems in terms of future radiation disaster preparedness and medical countermeasures. In the future, there will be a need to examine the relevance of the issues of disaster-related deaths identified as a result of this symposium for future radiation disaster preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tsuboi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Department of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fkushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
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25
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Fukuchi N, Chiba S. Utilization of Mental Health Support Systems in the Aftermath of Disasters in Japan: Statistical Data of the Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10856. [PMID: 36078569 PMCID: PMC9518571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale natural disasters have a significant effect on residents' mental health. The Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center (DMHCC) was established as a long-term mental health care center in response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJE). Although six DMHCCs have been established in Japan, their exact role and functioning are still unclear. This study aimed to explore which population used the center in each recovery phase. Logistic regression was performed to identify the residents' characteristics according to the consultation pathways using the data collected by the Miyagi DMHCC. These data included personal information of the residents who were supported by the center from 2013 to 2018. The working-age unemployed men sought help by themselves, and the isolated older females were supported by home visits through the health survey. Long-term mental health care centers should observe community recovery and provide appropriate support. The implications of this result and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naru Fukuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai 980-0014, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shusaku Chiba
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Yahaba 028-3695, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Miyagi, Japan
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26
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Englund L, Bergh Johannesson K, Arnberg FK. Media perception and trust among disaster survivors: Tsunami survivors' interaction with journalists, media exposure, and associations with trust in media and authorities. Front Public Health 2022; 10:943444. [PMID: 35983358 PMCID: PMC9379093 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.943444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical part of disaster communication is media coverage in the interface of the afflicted, media, and authorities. One communication key is building trust. Disaster survivors encounter journalists in a high-stress context, but little is known about their perceptions of these interactions and the subsequent media exposure. The aim of this study is to explore how survivors 6 years after a major disaster perceived their encounters with journalists and exposure in the media, as well as their level of trust in the media, compared with government and authorities. Data were used from a longitudinal study of Swedish tourists, repatriated from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, surveyed up to 6 years after the tsunami to assess posttraumatic stress (PTS) and effects on mental health. At 6 years after, the survey included questions about survivors' perceptions of journalist interactions (reported by n = 311), of their own media exposure (n = 177), and survivors' trust in media organizations and public authorities (n = 1,181). Tsunami survivors mainly perceived interactions with journalists as being professional. There were 14% who reported that the interactions were supportive and 17% that the interactions were a strain. Similarly, most participants had a neutral view concerning the subsequent media coverage or exposure, although 12% experienced media exposure as stressful and 12% reported that it had been involuntary. Finally, the survivors indicated higher confidence and trust in Swedish radio and TV as compared to the Swedish authorities, and the participants' level of trust in the media was associated with their perceptions of journalists, r = 0.34, p < 0.001, and media coverage, r = 0.47, p < 0.001. Disaster survivors mainly agreed with emotionally neutral statements about interacting with the media, the performance of journalists on site, and their own media exposure. Nonetheless, a substantial minority found the encounters and exposure to be negative, and the results suggest a link between personal experiences or perceptions and trust in the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Englund
- Department of Risk and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Liselotte Englund
| | - Kerstin Bergh Johannesson
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip K. Arnberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Inoue Y, Ohashi K, Ohno Y, Fujimaki T, Tsutsui A, Zha L, Sobue T. Pregnant women's migration patterns before childbirth after large-scale earthquakes and the added impact of concerns regarding radiation exposure in Fukushima and five prefectures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272285. [PMID: 35913902 PMCID: PMC9342739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (within Fukushima, Iwate, and Miyagi prefectures) was a complex disaster; it caused a tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, resulting in radiation exposure. This study investigated the earthquake's effects on the migration patterns of pregnant women and their concerns regarding radiation exposure. We also considered the following large-scale earthquakes without radiation exposure: Great Hanshin-Awaji (Hyogo prefecture), Niigata-Chuetsu, and Kumamoto. Pregnant women were categorized as outflow and inflow pregnant women. Data on the annual number of births three years before and after the earthquake were used as a denominator to calculate the outflow and inflow rates per 100 births. The odds ratios of annual outflow and inflow rates after the earthquake, using three years before the earthquake as the baseline, were calculated. The odds-ratio for outflow significantly increased for Hyogo, Fukushima, Miyagi, and Kumamoto prefectures after the earthquake, particularly for Fukushima, showing a significant increase until three years post the Great East Japan Earthquake (disaster year: odds-ratio: 2.66 [95% confidence interval: 2.44-2.90], 1 year post: 1.37 [1.23-1.52], 2 years post: 1.13 [1.00-1.26], 3 years post: 1.18 [1.05-1.31]), while the remaining three prefectures reported limited increases post one year. The inflow decreased after the earthquake, particularly in Fukushima, showing a significant decrease until 2 years post the Great East Japan Earthquake (disaster year: 0.58 [0.53-0.63], 1 year post: 0.76 [0.71-0.82], 2 years post: 0.83 [0.77-0.89]). Thus, pregnant women's migration patterns changed after large-scale earthquakes, suggesting radiation exposure concerns possibly have a significant effects. These results suggested that plans for receiving assistance and support that considers the peculiarities of disaster related damage and pregnant women's migration patterns are needed in both the affected and non-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Inoue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Ohno
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Fujimaki
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Tsutsui
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ling Zha
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Shiba K, Hikichi H, Okuzono SS, VanderWeele TJ, Arcaya M, Daoud A, Cowden RG, Yazawa A, Zhu DT, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Long-Term Associations between Disaster-Related Home Loss and Health and Well-Being of Older Survivors: Nine Years after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:77001. [PMID: 35776697 PMCID: PMC9249145 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has examined associations between disaster-related home loss and multiple domains of health and well-being, with extended long-term follow-up and comprehensive adjustment for pre-disaster characteristics of survivors. OBJECTIVES We examined the longitudinal associations between disaster-induced home loss and 34 indicators of health and well-being, assessed ∼9y post-disaster. METHODS We used data from a preexisting cohort study of Japanese older adults in an area directly impacted by the 2011 Japan Earthquake (n=3,350 and n=2,028, depending on the outcomes). The study was initiated in 2010, and disaster-related home loss status was measured in 2013 retrospectively. The 34 outcomes were assessed in 2020 and covered dimensions of physical health, mental health, health behaviors/sleep, social well-being, cognitive social capital, subjective well-being, and prosocial/altruistic behaviors. We estimated the associations between disaster-related home loss and the outcomes, using targeted maximum likelihood estimation and SuperLearner. We adjusted for pre-disaster characteristics from the wave conducted 7 months before the disaster (i.e., 2010), including prior outcome values that were available. RESULTS After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, we found that home loss (vs. no home loss) was associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms (standardized difference=0.50; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.65), increased daily sleepiness (0.38; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.54), lower trust in the community (-0.36; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.18), lower community attachment (-0.60; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.45), and lower prosociality (-0.39; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.24). We found modest evidence for the associations with increased depressive symptoms, increased hopelessness, more chronic conditions, higher body mass index, lower perceived mutual help in the community, and decreased happiness. There was little evidence for associations with the remaining 23 outcomes. DISCUSSION Home loss due to a disaster may have long-lasting adverse impacts on the cognitive social capital, mental health, and prosociality of older adult survivors. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Division of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakurako S. Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariana Arcaya
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adel Daoud
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard G. Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aki Yazawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David T. Zhu
- Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Łuczyński P. Tsunamites versus tempestites: Various types of redeposited stromatoporoid beds in the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), a case study from the Ołowianka Quarry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268349. [PMID: 35580129 PMCID: PMC9113602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sedimentary history of two stromatoporoid accumulations ‒ an allobiostrome and a parabiostrome–are studied in the shallow water carbonates of the Middle to Upper Devonian Kowala Formation in the Ołowianka Quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. Sedimentological and facies observations are accompanied by morphometrical and taphonomical analyses of redeposited stromatoporoid skeletons. Stromatoporoid features, including shape profile, latilaminae arrangement, surface character, dimensions, and preservation state, are interpreted in terms of their original growth habitats and susceptibility to exhumation and transport. Sedimentary features of the studied beds are interpreted with regards to the high-energy processes that lead to their deposition. In the allobiostrome, the original stromatoporoid habitat was located below storm wave base, in a calm setting characterised by a low and stable depositional rate and clear bottom waters. The large scale onshore redeposition of stromatoporoid skeletons from such a setting was only possible due to an extraordinary event causing erosion at considerable depths: a tsunami is the most probable explanation. The sedimentary and textural features of the allobiostromal accumulation, such as clast supported textures and lack of vertical sorting, point to a single act of deposition and high flow velocities, in agreement with the tsunami interpretation. In contrast, the parabiostromal stromatoporoid accumulation does not exhibit any features that would require a non-tempestitic explanation, the default and most probable interpretation of high energy facies interbedding shallow water lagoonal sediments. This comparison has shown that studies of variously developed stromatoporoid beds, and particularly the analysis of morphometric features of stromatoporoid skeletons, can provide a unique opportunity to identify palaeotsunamites, which commonly remain undetected in the sedimentary record, leading to underestimates of their abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Łuczyński
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Frenken M, Bellanova P, Nishimura Y, Schulte P, Lehmkuhl F, Reicherter K, Schwarzbauer J. Suitable indicators to determine tsunami impact on coastal areas in Northern Japan, Aomori Prefecture. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:385. [PMID: 35445332 PMCID: PMC9021103 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami released and mobilized many anthropogenic and natural organic compounds and, hereby, left a clear signature in its sedimentary remnants. In this study, a wide variety of organic marker substances were analyzed in 15 sediment profiles from the Aomori coast (Northern Japan). Total organic carbon (TOC) and fine grain fraction normalization have been tested with the wide dataset, and the already more frequently used TOC normalization was proven to be the more suitable one. Concentration profiles and specific ratios have been interpreted using two different approaches. Differentiation of marine and terrestrial matter characterized mixing processes due to the tsunami impact. Linking constituents to anthropogenic emission sources pointed not only to pollution revealed by the tsunami damages but also to dispersion processes, in particular erosion, transport, mixing and redeposition of particle-associated contaminants. Both approaches have been proved to identify unambiguously tsunamites in sedimentary archives and to reveal detailed insights into the tsunami-driven dispersion of particle-associated organic matter. Generally, the organic geochemical proxies as tested in this study can be reliably used to identify and characterize tsunami deposits in the sedimentary record. Finally, this strategy can be transferred to other locations affected by tsunamis for an in-depth characterization of the destruction and environmental changes induced by tsunami events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Frenken
- Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Piero Bellanova
- Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuichi Nishimura
- Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Philipp Schulte
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstrasse 5B, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Lehmkuhl
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstrasse 5B, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Reicherter
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Shiba K, Daoud A, Kino S, Nishi D, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Uncovering heterogeneous associations of disaster-related traumatic experiences with subsequent mental health problems: A machine learning approach. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:97-105. [PMID: 34936171 PMCID: PMC9102396 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Understanding the differential mental health effects of traumatic experiences is important to identify particularly vulnerable subpopulations. We examined the heterogeneous associations between disaster-related traumatic experiences and postdisaster mental health, using a novel machine learning-based causal inference approach. METHODS Data were from a prospective cohort study of Japanese older adults in an area severely affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The baseline survey was conducted 7 months before the disaster and the 2 follow-up surveys were conducted 2.5 and 5.5 years after (n = 1150 to n = 1644 depending on the exposure-outcome combinations). As disaster-related traumatic experiences, we assessed complete home loss and loss of loved ones. Using the generalized random forest algorithm, we estimated conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) of the disaster damages on postdisaster mental health outcomes to examine the heterogeneous associations by 51 predisaster characteristics of the individuals. RESULTS We found that, even when there was no population average association between disaster-related trauma and subsequent mental health outcomes, some subgroups experienced severe impacts. We also identified and compared characteristics of the most and least vulnerable groups (ie, top versus bottom deciles of the estimated CATEs). While there were some unique patterns specific to each exposure-outcome combination, the most vulnerable group tended to be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds with preexisting depressive symptoms for many exposure-outcome combinations. CONCLUSIONS We found considerable heterogeneity in the association between disaster-related traumatic experiences and subsequent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adel Daoud
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- The Division of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shiho Kino
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Suhadolnik MLS, Costa PS, Paiva MC, Salim ACDM, Barbosa FAR, Lobo FP, Nascimento AMA. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the resistome and virulome of riverine microbiomes disturbed by a mining mud tsunami. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150936. [PMID: 34678365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities. However, it remains unclear how the microbiome responds to press disturbance events in these ecosystems. We examined the impact of the world's largest mining disaster (Brazil, 2015) on sediment microbiomes in two disturbed rivers compared to an undisturbed river during 390 days post-disturbance. The diversity and structure of the virulome and microbiome, and of antibiotic and metal resistomes, consistently differed between the disturbed and undisturbed rivers, particularly at day 7 post-disturbance. 684 different ARGs were predicted, 38% were exclusive to the disturbed rivers. Critical antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), e.g., mcr and ereA2, were significantly more common in the disturbed microbiomes. 401 different ARGs were associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), 95% occurred in the disturbed rivers. While plasmids were the most common MGEs with a broad spectrum of ARGs, spanning 16 antibiotic classes, integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrons disseminated ARGs associated with aminoglycoside and tetracycline, and aminoglycoside and beta-lactam, respectively. A significant increase in the relative abundance of class 1 integrons, ICEs, and pathogens was identified at day 7 in the disturbed microbiomes, 72-, 14- and 3- fold higher, respectively, compared with the undisturbed river. Mobile ARGs associated with ESKAPEE group pathogens, while metal resistance genes and virulence factor genes in nonpathogenic hosts predominated in all microbiomes. Network analysis showed highly interconnected ARGs in the disturbed communities, including genes targeting antibiotics of last resort. Interactions between copper and beta-lactam/aminoglycoside/macrolide resistance genes, mostly mobile and critical, were also uncovered. We conclude that the mud tsunami resulted in resistome expansion, enrichment of pathogens, and increases in promiscuous and mobile ARGs. From a One Health perspective, mining companies need to move toward more environmentally friendly and socially responsible mining practices to reduce risks associated with pathogens and critical and mobile ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luíza Soares Suhadolnik
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Razi MAM, Daud HZBH, Mokhtar A, Mahamud M, Rahmat SN, Al-Gheethi AA. Climate change, tsunami and biodiversity endangered at the South China Sea, past, current and prediction models for the future: A comprehensive study. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 175:113255. [PMID: 35074593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the climate change, tsunami and biodiversity for 336 km coastline endangered at the South China Sea was investigated with the review for the past, current and prediction models for the future. The hydraulic study of the coastal area was conducted using a well-established 2D numerical model suite Delft3D. The study revealed that the generated earthquakes at the convergence zone in the last century are small (Mw7.3), the possibility that a megathrust earthquake event in the SCS basin occurs in the future. The study area comprises a narrow strip of vegetation notably dominated by Casuarina equisetifolia with other coastal plants. Mangrove forests are found along the coastline and estuaries that are overlaid with marine alluvial soils. The current paper is the first comprehensive study of the South China Sea, and the findings increase the awareness among the public to understand the risk associated with environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi
- Eco Hydrology Technology Research Centre (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Arman Mokhtar
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, Coastal Division, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahran Mahamud
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, Coastal Division, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazahiyah Rahmat
- Eco Hydrology Technology Research Centre (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Adel Ali Al-Gheethi
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
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Tashiro A. Assessing green management in health belief model: An analysis of a post-disaster rural context. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:114025. [PMID: 34737125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted ecosystem-based management (EBM) related pro-environmental behaviors. EBM is based on the engagement of local communities in disaster-affected areas. However, few studies have explored the association between residents' health conditions and their perceptions of and capacities for EBM in post-disaster community development. Residents' health and psychological well-being is essential to maintaining their EBM-related motivations. Thus, this article investigated whether the awareness of personal health and Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) can be reflected in pro-environmental behaviors in the health belief model (HBM) in post-disaster contexts. As part of a case study in a disaster-affected rural community in Japan's Miyagi prefecture, a survey was conducted and the hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model (SEM). The Great East Japan Earthquakes and Tsunami in 2011 affected the study site, in the Maehama community, the Camellia Forest Project was initiated following this disaster as part of the ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) initiatives for post-disaster development. The empirical results confirmed the indirect influence of Eco-DRR factors and health perceptions on pro-environmental behaviors. In particular, the analysis showed that among HBM's perceived factors, perceived benefits of health promotion, Eco-DRR perceptions, social cohesion were positively associated with residents' ordinary green management. It also showed that green self-efficacy positively affected ordinary green management. Mowing/weeding experience was a significant representative cue to action and had a positive effect on residents' green management. Thus, this article shows that practicing a healthy lifestyle through green management, integrating Eco-DRR development benefits the sustainability and environmental health of resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tashiro
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
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Yazawa A, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Gender differences in risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms after disaster among older people: Differential exposure or differential vulnerability? J Affect Disord 2022; 297:447-454. [PMID: 34715197 PMCID: PMC8629870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women have been observed to have a higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after disaster compared to men. In a study of survivors of an earthquake, we sought to investigate: whether there was differential exposure to disaster-related trauma by gender; whether women and men have differential vulnerability to trauma; and what factors could explain the gender difference in PTSS. METHODS Data from a cohort of community-dwelling older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was used. Data were obtained before (2010) and 2.5-years after the disaster (n = 3,334). RESULTS Women suffered 1.6 times higher prevalence of PTSS than men (31.0% vs. 19.4%). Women were more likely to experience loss of relatives (29.2% vs. 23.2%), while men were more likely to report loss of friends (17.1% vs. 14.5%) and separation from work (7.5% vs. 4.6%). We did not find evidence for differential vulnerability to disaster-related trauma. Indeed, the gender gap in PTSS was larger among individuals who did not experience trauma. Women experienced greater deterioration of non-kin instrumental support, which significantly mediated the association between gender and PTSS. LIMITATIONS We have no information on PTSS prior to the earthquake. Nor do we have clinician diagnoses of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Women experienced housing damages and loss of relatives more often than men, which explained ∼21% of the gender gap in PTSS after disaster. Women reported more non-kin support prior to the disaster, but they also experienced greater deterioration of it, which explained ∼21% of the gender gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yazawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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KATO T, TERADA Y, TADOKORO K, FUTAMURA A. Developments of GNSS buoy for a synthetic geohazard monitoring system. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2022; 98:49-71. [PMID: 35153269 PMCID: PMC8890997 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) buoy system for early tsunami warnings has been developed for more than 20 years. The first GNSS buoy system using a real-time kinematic algorithm (RTK) was implemented in the Nationwide Ocean Wave information network for Ports and HArbourS (NOWPHAS) wave monitoring system in Japan in 2008. The records of NOWPHAS were used to update the tsunami alert by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), owing to the tsunami generated by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw9.0). However, considering that the distance limit is less than 20 km for the RTK algorithm, a new system was designed by introducing a new positioning algorithm and satellite data transmission to place the buoy much farther from the coast. A new technique for the continuous monitoring of ocean-bottom crustal movements was also implemented in the new system. The new buoy system can be used for weather forecasting and ionospheric monitoring as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki KATO
- Institute of Regional Development, Taisho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro TERADA
- National Institute of Technology, Kochi College, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keiichi TADOKORO
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira FUTAMURA
- National Institute of Technology, Yuge College, Ehime, Japan
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Pozo K, Gómez V, Přibylová P, Lammel G, Klánová J, Rudolph A, Ahumada R. Multicompartmental analysis of POPs and PAHs in Concepciόn Bay, central Chile: Part I - Levels and patterns after the 2010 tsunami. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113144. [PMID: 35090286 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in abiotic samples from Concepción Bay in Central Chile. Samples were soxhlet extracted and injected in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) showed the highest levels in air (3-1100 pg m-3), in water (2-64 pg L-1), in sediment, and soil (1-78 ng g-1 (dw)). PAHs were also high in the air (1-6 ng m-3), in water (1-7 ng L-1), in sediment (90-300 ng g-1 (dw)), and in soil (15-2300 ng g-1 (dw)). The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally low and did not show clear trends along the water column, with exception of PAHs. New data are presented in this work to assess the health status of a relevant coastal area in central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anny Rudolph
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Ahumada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Yao Q, Liu KB, Wu Y, Aragón-Moreno AA, Rodrigues E, Cohen M, de Souza AV, Farfán LM, Antinao JL. A multi-proxy record of hurricanes, tsunami, and post-disturbance ecosystem changes from coastal southern Baja California. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:149011. [PMID: 34280628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tsunamis and hurricanes are two earth surface processes that can dramatically impact coastal landforms and ecosystems. This study uses a combination of palynological, grain-size, X-ray fluorescence, and loss-on-ignition analyses, short-lived isotopic and radiocarbon dating, and statistical analysis to differentiate the tsunami and hurricane deposits, establish a Late-Holocene record of extreme events, and document the landscape and vegetation transformation in response to disturbance events and environmental changes from a small coastal lagoon in Baja California, Mexico. Prior to ~530 cal yr BP, Playa Los Cocos was occupied by a short-hydroperiod tidal marsh bounded by desert vegetation on the surrounding hillslopes. At ~530 cal yr BP, a tsunami created a backbarrier lagoon and introduced mangrove propagules from other coastal localities, and the lagoonal environment and substrates also provided suitable habitats for red mangroves to proliferate. Once established, red mangrove populations rapidly expanded until ~180 cal yr BP, when modern human activities diminished the mangrove forest in our study area. Overall, the multi-proxy dataset revealed four hurricane events at ~770, ~600, ~280, and ~0 cal yr BP, and one tsunami event at ~530 cal yr BP. The hurricane deposits were preserved in the form of fluvial and slope-wash deposits characterized by low organic and water contents, low concentration of marine elements, and high concentration of terrestrial elements. The tsunami run-up deposits are characterized by abundant broken and intact sea shells, high content of carbonate and marine elements, low concentration of terrestrial elements, and sharp basal contact with the underlying sediments. The tsunami backwash deposits are characterized by a mixed physical and chemical signature resembling both marine and terrestrial sediments. Results also suggest that both hurricanes and tsunamis can help propagule dispersal and create suitable coastal habitats favorable for the spread and proliferation of mangroves in a desert coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Kam-Biu Liu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yijing Wu
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Alejandro Antonio Aragón-Moreno
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal, 77013, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - Erika Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Coastal Dynamics, Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Brazil Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cohen
- Laboratory of Coastal Dynamics, Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Brazil Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Adriana V de Souza
- Laboratory of Coastal Dynamics, Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Brazil Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luis M Farfán
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Antinao
- Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, 420 N Walnut St., Bloomington, IN 47404, USA
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Sugiura M, Ishibashi R, Abe T, Nouchi R, Honda A, Sato S, Muramoto T, Imamura F. Self-help and mutual assistance in the aftermath of a tsunami: How individual factors contribute to resolving difficulties. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258325. [PMID: 34618878 PMCID: PMC8496872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-aid and mutual assistance among victims are critical for resolving difficulties in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, but individual facilitative factors for such resolution processes are poorly understood. To identify such individual factors in the background (i.e., disaster damage and demographic) and personality domains considering different types of difficulty and resolution, we analyzed survey data collected in the 3-year aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. We first identified major types of difficulty using a cluster analysis of 18 difficulty domains and then explored individual factors that facilitated six types of resolution (self-help, request for help, help from family, help from an acquaintance, help through cooperation, and public assistance) of these difficulty types. We identified general life difficulties and medico-psychological difficulties as two broad types of difficulty; disaster damage contributed to both types, while some personality factors (e.g., neuroticism) exacerbated the latter. Disaster damage hampered self-resolution and forced a reliance on resolution through cooperation or public assistance. On the other hand, some demographic factors, such as being young and living in a three-generation household, facilitated resolution thorough the family. Several personality factors facilitated different types of resolution, primarily of general life difficulties; the problem-solving factor facilitated self-resolution, altruism, or stubbornness resolutions through requests, leadership resolution through acquaintance, and emotion-regulation resolution through public assistance. Our findings are the first to demonstrate the involvement of different individual, particularly personality, factors in survival in the complex social dynamics of this disaster stage. They may contribute to disaster risk mitigation, allowing sophisticated risk evaluation and community resilience building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Sugiura
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryo Ishibashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Honda
- Faculty of Informatics, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Fukuroi, Japan
| | - Shosuke Sato
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Muramoto
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Imamura
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Chunga-Llauce JA, Pacheco AS. Impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis on marine benthic communities: A review. Mar Environ Res 2021; 171:105481. [PMID: 34555617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine communities are dynamic and spatially heterogeneous. Earthquakes and tsunamis modulate the structure of marine communities at short and long-term scales. The objective of this review was to evaluate how such disturbances impact the morphodynamics of coastal areas and the dynamics and structure of marine benthic communities from soft and hard bottoms from intertidal, subtidal and deep-sea habitats. The results reveal that earthquakes and tsunamis caused mortality of algae and bivalves by dissection after coastal uplift. Changes on the vertical distribution of nematodes and coral fragmentation were also recorded. Recovery of the marine communities to pre-disturbance state occurred by migration and recolonization of impacted habitats. The meiofaunal organisms recovered quickly, while some communities recovered after three years. Information pre-disturbance is often lacking or covers a short temporal extent. It is important to establish long-term monitoring programs in areas where the likelihood of impact of disturbance of such magnitude is high to understand how marine communities are shaped at geological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Chunga-Llauce
- Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Aldo S Pacheco
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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MacGillivray BH. Handling Uncertainty in Models of Seismic and Postseismic Hazards: Toward Robust Methods and Resilient Societies. Risk Anal 2021; 41:1499-1512. [PMID: 33368460 PMCID: PMC8596732 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides take a devastating toll on human lives, critical infrastructure, and ecosystems. Harnessing the predictive capacities of hazard models is key to transitioning from reactive approaches to disaster management toward building resilient societies, yet the knowledge that these models produce involves multiple uncertainties. The failure to properly account for these uncertainties has at times had important implications, from the flawed safety measures at the Fukushima power plant, to the reliance on short-term earthquake prediction models (reportedly at the expense of mitigation efforts) in modern China. This article provides an overview of methods for handling uncertainty in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, tsunami hazard analysis, and debris flow modeling, considering best practices and areas for improvement. It covers sensitivity analysis, structured approaches to expert elicitation, methods for characterizing structural uncertainty (e.g., ensembles and logic trees), and the value of formal decision-analytic frameworks even in situations of deep uncertainty.
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Fujii T, Kaneko K, Nakamura Y, Murata H, Kuraishi M, Kijima A. Assessment of coastal anthropo-ecological system dynamics in response to a tsunami catastrophe of an unprecedented magnitude encountered in Japan. Sci Total Environ 2021; 783:146998. [PMID: 34088130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On 11 March 2011, a catastrophic earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the Pacific coast of northern Japan, devastating many of the towns, villages and coastal ecosystems located along the shoreline. To assess the impacts of the disaster, we investigated temporal dynamics of fish and epibenthic megafaunal community structure in relation to changes in a range of physical, biological and anthropogenic variables between 2007 and 2018 in Onagawa Bay. Commercially important fish such as greenlings, Japanese anchovy, flatfishes, rockfishes were consistently abundant in both larval and adult fish assemblages. While abundance, species richness, and Shannon index H' for adult fish and epibenthic megafaunal assemblages increased significantly soon after the disaster to peak values towards the end of the study period, the same metrics did not change accordingly for larval fish assemblages. Temporal dynamics of larval fish community clearly demonstrated significant seasonal variation along with changes in large-scale environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrients. However, anthropogenic components such as decline in human population, reduction in fishing pressure and the recovery of aquaculture operations significantly explained the observed post-disaster change in adult fish and epibenthic megafaunal communities. The pelagic and benthic components of Onagawa Bay appeared to have responded to the 2011 disaster very differently, and this study suggests the post-disaster recovery and dynamics of the coastal ecosystems may be regulated by how human societies respond to the impacts of a tsunami catastrophe through their influences on benthic habitat of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyonobu Fujii
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kaneko
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Murata
- Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Megumi Kuraishi
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kijima
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
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Minagawa Y, Saito Y. Disasters and the Disablement Process framework: an analysis of the great east Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011. Disasters 2021; 45:647-663. [PMID: 32762069 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study used the Disablement Process framework to examine how exposure to the great east Japan earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 was related to elders' experiences of disability-that is, 'a gap between personal capability and environmental demand' (Verbrugge and Jette, 1994, p. 1). Data were derived from two waves (2009 and 2013) of the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging, involving a representative sample of citizens aged 65 or more. Logistic regression was employed to model how the disaster was associated with the prevalence and incidence of disability. A significant relationship was documented between the two. Those impacted by the event exhibited greater odds of reporting a disability in 2013 and developing one between 2009 and 2013. Disasters destroy social infrastructure and disrupt daily life, widening the lacuna between the environment and personal resources. Given the increasing number of disasters, more policy attention should be directed to reducing their adverse consequences for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Minagawa
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sophia University, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Professor, College of Economics, Nihon University, Japan
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Aoyagi T, Katayama Y, Aizawa H, Takasaki M, Hori T. Nitrate-Driven Trophic Association of Sulfur-Cycling Microorganisms in Tsunami-Deposited Marine Sediment Revealed by High-Sensitivity 13C-Bicarbonate Probing. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:8410-8421. [PMID: 34078080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although denitrification-dependent chemolithotrophic sulfur oxidizers proliferated in tsunami-deposited marine sediment with nitrate amendment, their ecophysiological roles in biogeochemical carbon transfer are not addressed. We employed time-resolved high-sensitivity 13C-bicarbonate probing of rRNA to unveil the carbon fixation and resulting trophic relationship of the nitrate-amended sediment microorganisms. Nitrate reduction and sulfur oxidation co-occurred along with significant decreases in the 13CO2 and dissolved bicarbonate concentrations for the first 4 days of the incubation, during which the denitrification-dependent sulfur-oxidizing chemolithotrophs, i.e., the Sulfurimonas sp. HDS01 and Thioalkalispira sp. HDS22 relatives, and the sulfate-reducing heterotrophs, i.e., the Desulfobulbus spp. and Desulfofustis glycolicus relatives, actively incorporated 13C. These indicated that the sulfur oxidizers and sulfate reducers were tightly associated with each other through the direct carbon transfer. Relatives of the fermentative Thalassomonas sediminis and the hydrolytic Pararheinheimera aquatica, in addition to various sulfur-cycling microorganisms, significantly assimilated 13C at day 14. Although the incorporation of 13C was not detected, a syntrophic volatile-fatty-acid oxidizer and hydrogenotrophic methanogens significantly expressed their 16S rRNA molecules at day 21, indicating the metabolic activation of these final decomposers under the latter nutrient-limited conditions. The results demonstrated the nitrate-driven trophic association of sulfur-cycling microorganisms and the subsequent microbial activation and diversification, triggering the restoration of the marine ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Aoyagi
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Yoko Katayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Aizawa
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Takasaki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ishinomaki Senshu University, 1 Shinmito Minamisakai, Ishinomaki, Miyagi 986-8580, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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Naim NNN, Mardi NH, Malek MA, Teh SY, Wil MA, Shuja AH, Ahmed AN. Tsunami inundation maps for the northwest of Peninsular Malaysia and demarcation of affected electrical assets. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:405. [PMID: 34110509 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The massive destruction and loss caused by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami were attributed to the lack of knowledge on tsunami and low regional detection and communication systems for early warning in that region. This study aimed to identify locations at risk of impending tsunami from Andaman Sea for the safety of community and proper development planning at the coastal areas by providing an updated and revised inundation maps. The last study on this area was conducted several years ago which open the possibility to new findings. Generated by tsunami simulation models, the maps illustrate the extent and level of inundation to which the coastal community and infrastructure would be subjected. As a result of coastal changes and availability of better topographic data, the existing inundation maps for the coastal areas of northwest Peninsular Malaysia at risk to impending tsunami from the Andaman Sea are revised. This paper documented the computational setup leading to the generation of the revised inundation maps. The tsunami simulation model TUNA was used to simulate the generation, propagation, and subsequent run-up and inundation of tsunamis triggered by earthquakes of moment magnitudes (Mw) 8.5, 9.0, and 9.25 along the Sunda Trench. From the simulations, it was found that at Mw 9.25, Balik Pulau, Pulau Pinang would be subjected to inundation of as far as 3.47 km with 5.40-m-deep inundation at the highest section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Natasha Nabila Naim
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Hani Mardi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marlinda Abdul Malek
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Su Yean Teh
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azwan Wil
- Land and Asset Mapping, Asset Planning and Operation, Distribution Network Division, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (DN TNB), Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Abd Halim Shuja
- Land and Asset Mapping, Asset Planning and Operation, Distribution Network Division, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (DN TNB), Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Ali Najah Ahmed
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kyutoku Y, Dan I, Yamashina M, Komiyama R, Liegey‐Dougall AJ. Trajectories of Posttraumatic Growth and Their Associations With Quality of Life After the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:512-525. [PMID: 33227166 PMCID: PMC8246896 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan was an extraordinarily stressful incident that caused harmful psychological reactions, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among affected individuals. However, a proportion of exposed individuals experienced posttraumatic growth (PTG), characterized by a noticeable degree of personal strength, spirituality, life appreciation, perception of new possibilities in life, and enhanced relationships with others. Some researchers have argued that these positive reactions may be an illusory change related to coping with traumatic events. We examined trajectory patterns related to PTG Inventory (PTGI) subscales to elucidate the existence of both real and illusory growth regarding quality of life (QoL), utilizing group-based trajectory models. Three online questionnaires were distributed at 6 months (N = 2,554; M age = 47.04 years, SD = 12.62), 12 months (N = 887; M age = 48.11 years, SD = 12.43), and 42 months (N = 560; M age = 48.86 years, SD = 12.25) postdisaster. Participants responded to items related to demographic characteristics, disaster experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTG, and QoL. Three main PTG trajectories emerged, characterized by growth, no growth, and illusory growth, with QoL as a time invariant covariate. Compared with the growth trajectory, the odds ratios (ORs) for no growth ranged from 2.27 to 5.04; for illusory growth, the ORs ranged from 2.09 to 4.67. To our knowledge, this was the first study to report growth trajectories related to PTGI subscales and their underlying differences in psychological mechanisms and processes following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kyutoku
- Research and Development InitiativeChuo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuru Yamashina
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of LettersChuo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ren Komiyama
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyoJapan
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Hügli A. [Not Available]. Rev Med Suisse 2021; 17:951. [PMID: 33998198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Mavrouli M, Mavroulis S, Lekkas E, Tsakris A. Respiratory Infections Following Earthquake-Induced Tsunamis: Transmission Risk Factors and Lessons Learned for Disaster Risk Management. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18094952. [PMID: 34066563 PMCID: PMC8125353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Earthquake-induced tsunamis have the potential to cause extensive damage to natural and built environments and are often associated with fatalities, injuries, and infectious disease outbreaks. This review aims to examine the occurrence of respiratory infections (RIs) and to elucidate the risk factors of RI transmission following tsunamis which were induced by earthquakes in the last 20 years. Forty-seven articles were included in this review and referred to the RIs emergence following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman, the 2009 Samoa, and the 2011 Japan earthquakes. Polymicrobial RIs were commonly detected among near-drowned tsunami survivors. Influenza outbreaks were commonly detected during the influenza transmission period. Overcrowded conditions in evacuation centers contributed to increased acute RI incidence rate, measles transmission, and tuberculosis detection. Destruction of health care infrastructures, overcrowded evacuation shelters, exposure to high pathogen densities, aggravating weather conditions, regional disease endemicity, and low vaccination coverage were the major triggering factors of RI occurrence in post-tsunami disaster settings. Knowledge of risk factors underlying RIs emergence following earthquake-induced tsunami can contribute to the implementation of appropriate disaster prevention and preparedness plans characterized by sufficient environmental planning, resistant infrastructures, resilient health care facilities, and well-established evacuation centers. Global and local disease surveillance is a key prerequisite for early warning and protection against RIs’ emergence and transmission in tsunami-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavrouli
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Spyridon Mavroulis
- Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (S.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Efthymios Lekkas
- Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (S.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Athanassios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Tashiro A, Nakaya T, Nagata S, Aida J. Types of coastlines and the evacuees' mental health: A repeated cross-sectional study in Northeast Japan. Environ Res 2021; 196:110372. [PMID: 33131683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the health risks and benefits of coastal areas have long been researched, these effects of the different types of coastlines have rarely been explored on the evacuees living near the coast, in a post-disaster context. Thus, this study aimed to explore, with the passing of years after a disaster, what kind of coastline is a useful public health resource as a post-disaster reconstruction approach in coastal environments that have suffered significantly from the tsunami disaster in northeast Japan in 2011. This study compared the evacuees' mental health based on proximity to the coast and the types of coastlines (artificial, semi-natural, and natural). Data were drawn from the Miyagi Prefectural Government surveys, which targeted almost all evacuees of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquakes and Tsunami (n = 96,203). We applied a pooled Poisson regression model to a repeated cross-sectional dataset of evacuees' mental health between 2012 and 2016. Moderate psychological distress, measured via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) score, was the dependent variable, while proximity to the coast and type of coastline were the independent variables. The estimated main effects of type of coastline indicated that overall associations between K6 ≥5 and all types of coastlines within a 1.6 km buffer of participants' residential space were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, among types of coastlines, the interaction terms of semi-natural coastline × year (2015 and 2016) were significantly associated with lower incidence rate ratios (IRR), which decreased in 2015 and 2016 (IRR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.79-0.98; IRR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.68-0.90, respectively). Further, we computed the marginal effects of coastline types for each year to observe differences in the impact on moderate psychological distress depending on different accessible coastline types within a distance of 1.6 km from the participants' living space. We found that, after the revision of the coastal act in 2014, the moderate mental stress of participants who lived around semi-natural coastlines significantly tended to be low (dy/dx: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.08-0.01 in 2015; dy/dx: -0.07, 95%CI: -0.11-0.04 in 2016). This finding can encourage policymakers to manage coastal areas with green infrastructure in the post-disaster reconstruction sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tashiro
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808572, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808572, Japan.
| | - Shohei Nagata
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808572, Japan.
| | - Jun Aida
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan; Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138549, Japan.
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