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Jeon Y, Li L, Bhatia M, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Brown J, Goetz J, Seo Y. Impact of harmful algal bloom severity on bacterial communities in a full-scale biological filtration system for drinking water treatment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:171301. [PMID: 38423320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater environments has been expanded worldwide with growing frequency and severity. HABs can pose a threat to public water supplies, raising concerns about safety of treated water. Many studies have provided valuable information about the impacts of HABs and management strategies on the early-stage treatment processes (e.g., pre-oxidation and coagulation/flocculation) in conventional drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, the potential effect of HAB-impacted water in the granular media filtration has not been well studied. Biologically-active filters (BAFs), which are used in drinking water treatment and rely largely on bacterial community interactions, have not been examined during HABs in full-scale DWTPs. In this study, we assessed the bacterial community structure of BAFs, functional profiles, assembly processes, and bio-interactions in the community during both severe and mild HABs. Our findings indicate that bacterial diversity in BAFs significantly decreases during severe HABs due to the predominance of bloom-associated bacteria (e.g., Spingopyxis, Porphyrobacter, and Sphingomonas). The excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) confirmed that filter influent affected by the severe HAB contained a higher portion of protein-like substances than filter influent samples during a mild bloom. In addition, BAF community functions showed increases in metabolisms associated with intracellular algal organic matter (AOM), such as lipids and amino acids, during severe HABs. Further ecological process and network analyses revealed that severe HAB, accompanied by the abundance of bloom-associated taxa and increased nutrient availability, led to not only strong stochastic processes in the assembly process, but also a bacterial community with lower complexity in BAFs. Overall, this study provides deeper insights into BAF bacterial community structure, function, and assembly in response to HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Mudit Bhatia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Jess Brown
- Carollo Engineers' Research and Development Practice, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States of America
| | - Jake Goetz
- City of Toledo Colins Park Water Treatment, Toledo, OH 43605, United States of America
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America.
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2
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Babiarz J, Ryu H, Williams C, Ham Y, Rivera Sarti J, Levander XA. Slicing through silos: Development and evaluation of a hospital-based telehealth hepatitis C virus treatment program. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 127:104396. [PMID: 38593518 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There exist many barriers to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment for those with substance use disorder (SUD) or who lack access to routine medical care. A hospital-based telehealth program was developed to provide treatment opportunities for hospitalized patients living with HCV. METHODS This single site prospective cohort study conducted from July 2022 to March 2023 aimed to measure linkage to care with an HCV clinician and initiation of HCV treatment in hospitalized patients. Patients were assessed in-person by a social worker then seen via telehealth by a clinician who prescribed either glecaprevir/pibrentasvir or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. Treatment was initiated with pharmacist assistance. The team conducted in-person and/or telephonic outreach during and after hospitalization. Cure was confirmed by sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) post-treatment. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were enrolled and completed telehealth visits. All patients had a history of SUD and 18 (72 %) were unstably housed. Nineteen patients (76 %) initiated treatment, and 14 (56 %) successfully completed treatment. Twelve patients (48 %) completed post-treatment labs, including two who prematurely discontinued treatment. Eleven patients (44 %) achieved confirmed cure with SVR12. CONCLUSION A hospital-based, multidisciplinary telehealth program can be an innovative care model to successfully treat HCV in a difficult-to-treat patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Babiarz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 United States
| | - H Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 United States
| | - C Williams
- Department of Care Management, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 United States
| | - Y Ham
- Department of Pharmacy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 United States
| | - J Rivera Sarti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 United States
| | - X A Levander
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Section of Addiction Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 United States
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Jeon Y, Struewing I, McIntosh K, Tidd M, Webb L, Ryu H, Mash H, Lu J. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in U.S. Urban Lakes. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38393148 PMCID: PMC10892283 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are of growing global concern due to their production of toxic compounds, which threaten ecosystems and human health. Saxitoxins (STXs), commonly known as paralytic shellfish poison, are a neurotoxic alkaloid produced by some cyanobacteria. Although many field studies indicate a widespread distribution of STX, it is understudied relative to other cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs). In this study, we assessed eleven U.S. urban lakes using qPCR, sxtA gene-targeting sequencing, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to understand the spatio-temporal variations in cyanobacteria and their potential role in STX production. During the blooms, qPCR analysis confirmed the presence of the STX-encoding gene sxtA at all lakes. In particular, the abundance of the sxtA gene had a strong positive correlation with STX concentrations in Big 11 Lake in Kansas City, which was also the site with the highest quantified STX concentration. Sequencing analysis revealed that potential STX producers, such as Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, and Raphidiopsis, were present. Further analysis targeting amplicons of the sxtA gene identified that Aphanizomenon and/or Dolichospermum are the primary STX producer, showing a significant correlation with sxtA gene abundances and STX concentrations. In addition, Aphanizomenon was associated with environmental factors, such as conductivity, sulfate, and orthophosphate, whereas Dolichospermum was correlated with temperature and pH. Overall, the results herein enhance our understanding of the STX-producing cyanobacteria and aid in developing strategies to control HCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchul Jeon
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Ian Struewing
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Kyle McIntosh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Marcie Tidd
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA
| | - Laura Webb
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, Kansas City, KS 66101, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Heath Mash
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Oh Y, Sangsanont J, Woo H, Boczek LA, Linden KG, Ryu H. Inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of wavelength-specific UV sources for various strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167781. [PMID: 37844643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Infections of Legionnaires' disease in the United States caused by Legionella have increased ninefold between the years 2000-2018. Legionella harbored in biofilms or inside amoeba within premise plumbing can be more resistant to disinfectants, thus causing treatment challenges. Ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are an emerging water disinfection technology with several advantages over conventional UV lamps. In this study, we evaluated the effects of UV-LEDs (255, 265, and 285 nm), a low-pressure (LP) mercury UV lamp (254 nm), and a bandpass filtered medium-pressure (MP) mercury UV lamp (220 nm) on properties and inactivation of three strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 1. The UV-LEDs emitting at 255 and 265 nm showed greater inactivation performance against all the strains compared to the UV-LED at 285 nm and the LP UV lamp at 254 nm. Our results showed that strains of the same serogroup exhibited different UV sensitivities. Analyses of DNA and protein damage revealed that UV exposure using 254, 255, and 265 nm predominantly causes DNA damage, while protein damage is predominant at 220 nm. Both DNA and protein damage were observed at 285 nm, but the extent of DNA damage was relatively less significant compared to the other wavelengths. Electric energy consumption analysis showed that water treatment using UV-LEDs is currently unsatisfactory compared to conventional LP UV lamps due to the mediocre wall plug efficiency (WPE) of UV-LEDs. However, recent studies indicate that the WPE of UV-LEDs is continuously improving. Overall, our study highlights that UV-LEDs are a promising technology for inactivating waterborne pathogens and have the potential to replace existing UV mercury lamps for water disinfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoontaek Oh
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Jatuwat Sangsanont
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hyoungmin Woo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Laura A Boczek
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America.
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Keithley AE, Gomez-Alvarez V, Williams D, Ryu H, Lytle DA. Depth profiles of biological aerated contactors: Characterizing microbial activity treating reduced contaminants. J Water Process Eng 2023; 56:1-11. [PMID: 38357328 PMCID: PMC10866302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The biological treatment process consisting of an aerated contactor and filter is effective for groundwaters containing elevated ammonia and other reduced contaminants, including iron, manganese, arsenic, and methane. Depth profiles characterizing microbial activity across aerated contactors are lacking. A 1-year pilot study comparing gravel- and ceramic-packed contactors was conducted, and media depth profile samples were collected at the conclusion of the study. Media and water samples also were collected from pilot-scale aerated contactors at 4 other water systems. Water quality, media surface metals concentrations, and a suite of biofilm parameters were analyzed. Media surface metals concentrations were greatest at the influent end. ATP concentrations, extracellular polymeric substances, and extracellular enzyme activities tended to be similar across depth. Bacteria and functional genes involved in contaminant oxidation co-occurred and tended to decrease across depth, but were not correlated to the media metals concentration. Microbial community composition changed with depth, and the diversity either decreased or remained similar. The microbial activity profiles through aerated contactors differed from what is typically reported for groundwater biofilters, suggesting that the different reactor flow and dissolved oxygen profiles impacted the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher E. Keithley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Daniel Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Darren A. Lytle
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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Gomez-Alvarez V, Ryu H, Tang M, McNeely M, Muhlen C, Urbanic M, Williams D, Lytle D, Boczek L. Assessing residential activity in a home plumbing system simulator: monitoring the occurrence and relationship of major opportunistic pathogens and phagocytic amoebas. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260460. [PMID: 37915853 PMCID: PMC10616306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) have been detected in buildings' plumbing systems causing waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. In this study, we monitored the occurrence of OPPPs along with free-living amoeba (FLA) and investigated the effects of residential activities in a simulated home plumbing system (HPS). Water samples were collected from various locations in the HPS and analyzed for three major OPPPs: Legionella pneumophila, nontuberculous mycobacterial species (e.g., Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. abscessus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa along with two groups of amoebas (Acanthamoeba and Vermamoeba vermiformis). A metagenomic approach was also used to further characterize the microbial communities. Results show that the microbial community is highly diverse with evidence of spatial and temporal structuring influenced by environmental conditions. L. pneumophila was the most prevalent pathogen (86% of samples), followed by M. intracellulare (66%) and P. aeruginosa (21%). Interestingly, M. avium and M. abscessus were not detected in any samples. The data revealed a relatively low prevalence of Acanthamoeba spp. (4%), while V. vermiformis was widely detected (81%) across all the sampling locations within the HPS. Locations with a high concentration of L. pneumophila and M. intracellulare coincided with the highest detection of V. vermiformis, suggesting the potential growth of both populations within FLA and additional protection in drinking water. After a period of stagnation lasting at least 2-weeks, the concentrations of OPPPs and amoeba immediately increased and then decreased gradually back to the baseline. Furthermore, monitoring the microbial population after drainage of the hot water tank and partial drainage of the entire HPS demonstrated no significant mitigation of the selected OPPPs. This study demonstrates that these organisms can adjust to their environment during such events and may survive in biofilms and/or grow within FLA, protecting them from stressors in the supplied water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Min Tang
- Oak Ridge for Science and Education Research Fellow at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Morgan McNeely
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christy Muhlen
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Megan Urbanic
- Oak Ridge for Science and Education Research Fellow at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Williams
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Darren Lytle
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura Boczek
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Keithley AE, Ryu H, Gomez-Alvarez V, Harmon S, Bennett-Stamper C, Williams D, Lytle DA. Comprehensive characterization of aerobic groundwater biotreatment media. Water Res 2023; 230:119587. [PMID: 36638728 PMCID: PMC10119871 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biotreatment systems can treat multiple reduced inorganic contaminants in groundwater, including ammonia (NH3), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). While individual systems treating multiple contaminants simultaneously have been characterized and several systems treating one contaminant have been compared, a comparison of systems treating co-occurring contaminants is lacking. This study assessed the treatment performance and microbial communities within 7 pilot- and full-scale groundwater biotreatment systems in the United States that treated waters with pH 5.6-7.8, 0.1-2.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen, 75-376 mg CaCO3/L alkalinity, < 0.03-3.79 mg NH3-N/L, < 4-31 µg As/L, < 0.01-9.37 mg Fe/L, 2-1220 µg Mn/L, and 0.1-5.6 mg/L total organic carbon (TOC). Different reactor configurations and media types were represented, allowing for a broad assessment of linkages between water quality and microbial communities via microscopy, biofilm quantification, and molecular methods. Influent NH3, TOC, and pH contributed to differences in the microbial communities. Mn oxidase gene copy numbers were slightly negatively correlated with the influent Mn concentration, but no significant relationships between gene copy number and influent concentration were observed for the other contaminants. Extracellular enzyme activities, community composition, and carbon transformation pathways suggested heterotrophic bacteria may be important in nitrifying biofilters. Aerobic groundwater biofilters are complex, and improved understanding could lead to engineering enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher E Keithley
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Stephen Harmon
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Christina Bennett-Stamper
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Daniel Williams
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Darren A Lytle
- ORD, CESER, WID, Drinking Water Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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Park K, Nam J, Lee H, Kim T, Ryu H, Ki Y, Kim JJ, Oh S, Oh S, Hong Y. 1745P Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 4 cycles of dose dense MVAC followed by radical surgery in Korean patients with MIBC and locally advanced urothelial carcinoma of bladder (NCT04047693). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Yoo C, Kim KP, Kim I, Kang M, Cheon J, Kang B, Ryu H, Jeong J, Lee J, Kim K, Ryoo BY, Abou-Alfa G. 55P Final results from the NIFTY trial, a phase IIb, randomized, open-label study of liposomal Irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) in patients (pts) with previously treated metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ryu H, Song C, Kim J, Jeon J, Cho S, Kim K, Jheon S, Kim S, Kim Y, Lee J. PO-1241 Role of Prognostic Nutritional Index in Postoperative Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hwang JH, Fahad S, Ryu H, Rodriguez KL, Domingo JS, Kushima A, Lee WH. Recycling urine for bioelectrochemical hydrogen production using a MoS 2 nano carbon coated electrode in a microbial electrolysis cell. J Power Sources 2022; 527:1-11. [PMID: 35582347 PMCID: PMC9109132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nano-carbon (NC) coated cathode was developed for hydrogen production in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), while treating simulated urine with 2-6 times dilution (conductivity <20 mS cm-1). MoS2 nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the NC coated cathodes at -100, -150 and -200 μA cm-2 and their performances were evaluated in the MEC. The chronopotentiometry (CP) tests showed the improved catalytic activity of MoS2-NC cathodes with much lower cathode overpotential than non-MoS2 coated electrodes. The MoS2-NC200 cathode, electrodeposited at -200 μA cm-2, showed the maximum hydrogen production rate of 0.152 ± 0.002 m3 H2 m-2 d-1 at 0.9V of Eap, which is comparable to the previously reported Pt electrodes. It was found that high solution conductivity over 20 mS cm-1 (>600 mg L-1 NH3-N) can adversely affect the biofilm architecture and the bacterial activity at the anode of the MEC. Exoelectrogenic bacteria for this system at the anode were identified as Tissierella (Clostridia) and Bacteroidetes taxa. Maximum ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and phosphorus (PO4 3--P) removal were 68.7 and 98.6%, respectively. This study showed that the newly fabricated MoS2-NC cathode can be a cost-effective alternative to the Pt cathode for renewable bioelectrochemical hydrogen production from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Saisaban Fahad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Kelsey L. Rodriguez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, and NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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Kim J, Yoo C, Seo S, Jeong J, Ryoo BY, Kim KP, Lee J, Lee KW, Kim JW, Kim IH, Kang M, Ryu H, Cheon J, Park S. 1690P A multicenter randomized phase II open label study to compare the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants versus subcutaneous dalteparin for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lu J, Cao Y, Ryu H, Sen K, Villegas EN. Editorial: Development and Application of Molecular Technologies for Monitoring Microbial Contaminants in Water. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671964. [PMID: 34385983 PMCID: PMC8353441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrang Lu
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yiping Cao
- Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Keya Sen
- Division of Biological Sciences, STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Eric N Villegas
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Boczek LA, Tang M, Formal C, Lytle D, Ryu H. Comparison of two culture methods for the enumeration of Legionella pneumophila from potable water samples. J Water Health 2021; 19:468-477. [PMID: 34152299 PMCID: PMC8358784 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Legionella infections have steadily increased in the United States over the last 20 years, and most of these infections have been attributed to contaminated water. The gold standard for confirmation of Legionella presence in water is culturing with Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) agar. Following many modifications, this method is still time-consuming, expensive, and can take longer than 10 days for full confirmation. The Legiolert is a newer and simpler culture product that is claimed to be able to quantify Legionella pneumophila in 7 days with high sensitivity and specificity and does not need further confirmation for the presence of L. pneumophila. This study compared the culturability of L. pneumophila occurring in a simulated home plumbing system using both Legiolert and BCYE agar methods. Out of 185 water samples, Legiolert and BCYE method detected L. pneumophila in 83 and 85% of the samples, respectively. The two methods were determined to be statistically equivalent for culturability of L. pneumophila, though the detected levels by Legiolert were slightly higher than the BCYE method. The molecular confirmation of positive (n = 254) and negative wells (n = 82) with Legiolert also showed a high specificity of 96.5% (i.e., 3.5% false positives (9/254) and 0% false negatives (0/82)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Boczek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Min Tang
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Casey Formal
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Darren Lytle
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Hodon Ryu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
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15
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Tiwari A, Hokajärvi AM, Domingo JS, Elk M, Jayaprakash B, Ryu H, Siponen S, Vepsäläinen A, Kauppinen A, Puurunen O, Artimo A, Perkola N, Huttula T, Miettinen IT, Pitkänen T. Bacterial diversity and predicted enzymatic function in a multipurpose surface water system - from wastewater effluent discharges to drinking water production. Environ Microbiome 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 34022963 PMCID: PMC8140503 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-021-00379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivers and lakes are used for multiple purposes such as for drinking water (DW) production, recreation, and as recipients of wastewater from various sources. The deterioration of surface water quality with wastewater is well-known, but less is known about the bacterial community dynamics in the affected surface waters. Understanding the bacterial community characteristics -from the source of contamination, through the watershed to the DW production process-may help safeguard human health and the environment. RESULTS The spatial and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities, their predicted functions, and potential health-related bacterial (PHRB) reads within the Kokemäenjoki River watershed in southwest Finland were analyzed with the 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing method. Water samples were collected from various sampling points of the watershed, from its major pollution sources (sewage influent and effluent, industrial effluent, mine runoff) and different stages of the DW treatment process (pre-treatment, groundwater observation well, DW production well) by using the river water as raw water with an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). The beta-diversity analysis revealed that bacterial communities were highly varied among sample groups (R = 0.92, p < 0.001, ANOSIM). The species richness and evenness indices were highest in surface water (Chao1; 920 ± 10) among sample groups and gradually decreased during the DW treatment process (DW production well; Chao1: 320 ± 20). Although the phylum Proteobacteria was omnipresent, its relative abundance was higher in sewage and industrial effluents (66-80%) than in surface water (55%). Phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were only detected in sewage samples. Actinobacteria was more abundant in the surface water (≥13%) than in other groups (≤3%). Acidobacteria was more abundant in the DW treatment process (≥13%) than in others (≤2%). In total, the share of PHRB reads was higher in sewage and surface water than in the DW treatment samples. The seasonal effect in bacterial communities was observed only on surface water samples, with the lowest diversity during summer. CONCLUSIONS The low bacterial diversity and absence of PHRB read in the DW samples indicate AGR can produce biologically stable and microbiologically safe drinking water. Furthermore, the significantly different bacterial communities at the pollution sources compared to surface water and DW samples highlight the importance of effective wastewater treatment for protecting the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Elk
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Hodon Ryu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sallamaari Siponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asko Vepsäläinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Kauppinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
- Present address: Finnish Food Authority, Laboratory and Research Division, Virology Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Noora Perkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Huttula
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilkka T Miettinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Ryu H, Addor Y, Brinkman NE, Ware MW, Boczek L, Hoelle J, Mistry JH, Keely SP, Villegas EN. Understanding Microbial Loads in Wastewater Treatment Works as Source Water for Water Reuse. Water (Basel) 2021; 13. [PMID: 34804602 PMCID: PMC8597597 DOI: 10.3390/w13111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Facing challenges in water demands and population size, particularly in the water-scarce regions in the United States, the reuse of treated municipal wastewater has become a viable potential to relieve the ever-increasing demands of providing water for (non-)potable use. The objectives of this study were to assess microbial quality of reclaimed water and to investigate treatability of microorganisms during different treatment processes. Raw and final treated effluent samples from three participating utilities were collected monthly for 16 months and analyzed for various microbial pathogens and fecal indicator organisms. Results revealed that the detectable levels of microbial pathogens tested were observed in the treated effluent samples from all participating utilities. Log10 reduction values (LRVs) of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were at least two orders of magnitude lower than those of human adenovirus and all fecal indicator organisms except for aerobic endospores, which showed the lowest LRVs. The relatively higher LRV of the indicator organisms such as bacteriophages suggested that these microorganisms are not good candidates of viral indicators of human adenovirus during wastewater treatment processes. Overall, this study will assist municipalities considering the use of wastewater effluent as another source of drinking water by providing important data on the prevalence, occurrence, and reduction of waterborne pathogens in wastewater. More importantly, the results from this study will aid in building a richer microbial occurrence database that can be used towards evaluating reuse guidelines and disinfection practices for water reuse practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodon Ryu
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Yao Addor
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Nichole E. Brinkman
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Michael W. Ware
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Laura Boczek
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jill Hoelle
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jatin H. Mistry
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6, Dallas, TX 75270, USA
| | - Scott P. Keely
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Eric N. Villegas
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Hwang JH, Ryu H, Rodriguez KL, Fahad S, Domingo JS, Kushima A, Lee WH. A strategy for power generation from bilgewater using a photosynthetic microalgal fuel cell (MAFC). J Power Sources 2021; 484:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229222. [PMID: 33627935 PMCID: PMC7898120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have recently been applied to generate electricity from oily wastewater. Although MFCs that utilize microalgae to provide a self-supporting oxygen (O2) supply at the cathode have been well discussed, those with microalgae at the anode as an active biomass for treating wastewater and producing electrons are still poorly studied and understood. Here, we demonstrated a bilgewater treatment using single- and double-chamber microalgal fuel cells (SMAFC and DMAFC) capable of generating energy with a novel microalgal strain (Chlorella sorokiniana) that was initially isolated from oily wastewater. Compared to previous MFC studies using green algae, relatively high voltage output (151.3-160.1 mV, 71.3-83.4 mV m-2 of power density) was observed in the SMAFC under O2 controlled systems (i.e., acetate addition or light/dark cycle). It was assumed that, under the O2 depletion, alternative electron acceptors such as bicarbonate may be utilized for power generation. A DMAFC showed better power density (up to 23.9%) compared to the SMAFC due to the separated cathode chamber which fully utilizes O2 as an electron acceptor. Both SMAFC and DMAFC removed 67.2-77.4% of soluble chemical oxygen demands (SCOD) from the synthetic bilgewater. This study demonstrates that the application of algae-based MFCs is a feasible strategy to treat oil-in-water emulsion while generating electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Kelsey L. Rodriguez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Saisaban Fahad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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18
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Kim HC, Timmes TC, Ryu H, Yang HS, Yoon H, Kim S. Algal softening followed by ozonation: The fate of persistent micropollutants and natural organic matter in groundwater. J Hazard Mater 2021; 402:123480. [PMID: 32712358 PMCID: PMC7879959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A proof-of-concept study evaluates the performance of a novel strategy using photosynthetic microorganisms to soften groundwater instead of using caustic chemicals. The microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda was used to increase the pH of the groundwater via natural photosynthesis. This work applied softening as a pretreatment to ozonation of hard groundwater and mainly focused on investigating the multiple effects of algal softening on the degradation of persistent micropollutants upon subsequent ozonation. The algae-induced alkaline conditions (pH > 10) were favorable to catalyze the formation of OH radicals directly from O3 molecules. Moreover, algal softening removed the strong radical-scavenging carbonate species (HCO3- and CO32-) to a much greater extent than that achieved by chemical softening, which was attributed to the combination of mineral carbonation and metabolic CO2 reduction. The fate of the natural organic matter (NOM) was characterized with spectroscopy, chromatography, and bioassay, which indicates that algal treatment decomposed the NOM to be less susceptible to attack by OH radicals. Consequently, the ozonation of alkaline groundwater achieved a better removal of the micropollutant residues in groundwater. Carbamazepine and diclofenac were used as model chemicals of persistent groundwater contaminants and were almost completely removed with an addition of 1.25 mg O3 L-1 (0.63 mg-O3 mg-C-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thomas C Timmes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Hee Sung Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyojik Yoon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Li L, Ning D, Jeon Y, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Kang DW, Kadudula A, Seo Y. Ecological insights into assembly processes and network structures of bacterial biofilms in full-scale biologically active carbon filters under ozone implementation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141409. [PMID: 32882545 PMCID: PMC8273922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To address the adverse effects of harmful algal blooms, there are increased demands over the implementation of ozone coupled with biologically active carbon (BAC) filters in the drinking water treatment plants. Although the microbial biofilms are vital elements to support the proper performance of BAC filters, except for taxonomic affiliations, little is known about the assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in the full-scale BAC filters. This study aimed to examine how the assembly processes and their associated factors (e.g., influent characteristics, biological interactions) drive the temporal dynamics of bacterial communities in full-scale BAC filters, which underwent ozone implementation (five consecutive seasons from 2017 to 2018). The results revealed that along with the increase of bacterial taxonomic richness and evenness, stochastic processes became more crucial to determine the bacterial community assembly in the summer and autumn after ozone implementation (relative contribution: 61.23% and 83.75%, respectively). Moreover, their corresponding networks possessed simple network structures with lower modularity than other seasons, which implied lesser biological interactions among bacterial populations. The correlation between taxonomic and predicted functional diversities using functional redundancy index indicated that relatively high levels of bacterial functional redundancy (>0.83) were generally present in BAC filters. However, compared to other seasons, significantly higher degrees of functional redundancy existed in the summer and autumn after ozone implementation (0.85 ± 0.01 and 0.86 ± 0.01, respectively). Overall, this work improves our understanding of the microbial ecology of full-scale BAC filters by providing a conceptual framework that characterizes bacterial biofilm assembly processes relevant to performance optimization of full-scale BAC filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Dae-Wook Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Anusha Kadudula
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA.
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20
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Jeon Y, Li L, Calvillo J, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Choi O, Brown J, Seo Y. Impact of algal organic matter on the performance, cyanotoxin removal, and biofilms of biologically-active filtration systems. Water Res 2020; 184:116120. [PMID: 32726741 PMCID: PMC7658049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of harmful algal blooms dominated by toxic cyanobacteria has induced continuous loadings of algal organic matter (AOM) and toxins in drinking water treatment plants. However, the impact of AOM on the active biofilms and microbial community structures of biologically-active filtration (BAF), which directly affects the contaminant removal, is not well understood. In this study, we systematically examined the effects of AOM on BAF performance and bacterial biofilm formation over 240 days, tracing the removal of specific AOM components, a cyanotoxin [microcystin-LR (MC-LR)], and microbial community responses. The component analysis (excitation and emission matrix analysis) results for AOM revealed that terrestrial humic-like substances showed the highest removal among all the identified components and were strongly correlated to MC-LR removal. In addition, reduced empty bed contact time and deactivation of biofilms significantly decreased BAF performances for both AOM and MC-LR. The active biofilm, bacterial community structure, and mlrA gene (involved in microcystin degradation) abundance demonstrated that bacterial biofilm composition responded to AOM and MC-LR, in which Rhodocyclaceae, Saprospiraceae, and Comamonadaceae were dominant. In addition, MC-LR biodegradation appeared to be more active at the top than at the bottom layer in BAF. Overall, this study provides deeper insights into the role of biofilms and filter operation on the fate of AOM and MC-LR in BAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Jose Calvillo
- Department of Chemical and Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Onekyun Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Jess Brown
- Carollo Engineers' Research and Development Practice, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, United States
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States; Department of Chemical and Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States.
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21
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Kim J, Choo M, Ryu H, Byun S, Lee S. Interpretation of uroflowmetrogram: Application with artificial intelligence. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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22
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Crone BC, Sorial GA, Pressman JG, Ryu H, Keely SP, Brinkman N, Bennett-Stamper C, Garland JL. Design and evaluation of degassed anaerobic membrane biofilm reactors for improved methane recovery. Bioresour Technol Rep 2020; 10:100407. [PMID: 33015594 PMCID: PMC7529100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater (DWW) produces dissolved methane that needs to be recovered for use as an energy product. Membrane-based recovery systems have been reported in the literature but are often limited by fouling. The objective of this study was to develop a methane producing biofilm on the shell side surface a membrane to allow for immediate recovery of methane as it was produced, negating mass transfer resistance caused by fouling. Between 89 and 96% of total methane produced was recovered via in-situ degassing without the need for fouling control or cleaning throughout 72 weeks of operation. High methane recovery efficiencies led to predictions of net positive energy yield in one reactor and a 32-61% reduction in energy demand in the others compared to the control. This research demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of combining attached growth anaerobic wastewater treatment processes with hollow fiber membrane methane recovery systems for improved operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Crone
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G Pressman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Scott P Keely
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Nichole Brinkman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Christina Bennett-Stamper
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Jay L Garland
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
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23
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Li L, Jeon Y, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Seo Y. Assessing the chemical compositions and disinfection byproduct formation of biofilms: Application of fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125745. [PMID: 31927366 PMCID: PMC7485375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are increased concerns over the contributions of biofilms to disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in engineered water systems (EWS). However, monitoring the biomolecular characteristics of biofilms to understand their impacts on DBP formation has been a great challenge as it requires complex analytical techniques. This study aimed to examine the applicability of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to assess the chemical compositions and DBP formation of biofilms. Biofilms were collected from reactors grown on R2A media, as well as two drinking water-related organic substrates such as humic substances and algal organic matter. The chemical composition and formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs of biofilms were continuously monitored every 21 days for 168 days and correlated with the derived EEM-PARAFAC components. Results indicated that all biofilm samples comprised mostly of protein-like components (∼90%), and to a lesser extent, humic-like components (∼10%). Strong correlations were generally found between tryptophan-like substances and the studied DBP formation (R2min ≥ 0.76, P < 0.05), indicating that they play a major role in producing biofilm-derived DBPs upon chlorination. Moreover, significant discrepancies between the chemical compositions and DBP formation of biofilms and their corresponding feed solutions were observed, likely due to biotransformation and biosorption processes. Overall, this work highlights that EEM-PARAFAC analysis is a promising tool to monitor the biomolecular characteristics of biofilm components and to predict the subsequent DBP formation in optimizing disinfection protocols for EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048, Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048, Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Systems Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Systems Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048, Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA.
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24
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Carlson KM, Boczek LA, Chae S, Ryu H. Legionellosis and Recent Advances in Technologies for Legionella Control in Premise Plumbing Systems: A Review. Water (Basel) 2020; 12:1-676. [PMID: 32704396 PMCID: PMC7377215 DOI: 10.3390/w12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses Legionella, among the most prolific and publicly well-known waterborne pathogens, and advances in potential treatment technologies. The number of cases associated with Legionella continues to rise, as does its public awareness. Currently, cases associated with premise plumbing account for the largest number of legionellosis cases in the United States. So, while it is important to understand Legionella as such, it is also important to investigate how to treat drinking water in premise plumbing for Legionella and other waterborne pathogens. While there are currently several methods recognized as potential means of inactivating waterborne pathogens, several shortcomings continue to plague its implementation. These methods are generally of two types. Firstly, there are chemical treatments such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, ozone, and copper-silver ionization. Secondly, there are physical treatments such as thermal inactivation and media filtration. Their shortcomings range from being labor-intensive and costly to having negative health effects if not properly operated. Recently developed technologies including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation using light emitting diodes (LEDs) and innovative carbon nanotube (CNT) filters can better control waterborne pathogens by allowing for the simultaneous use of different treatment measures in plumbing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M. Carlson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Laura A. Boczek
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Hidayati N, Poon A, Willowson K, Eslick E, Ryu H, Bailey D. Evaluation of Kidney Dose in Neuroendocrine Tumors Patients after Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy using 177Lu-DOTATATE. Atom Indo 2019. [DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Kim M, Hwang JY, Choo KS, Ryu H, Reid SNS, Kim YW, Kim TU, Kim JH. Comparison of image quality of abdominopelvic CT in paediatric patients: low osmolar contrast media versus less iodine-containing iso-osmolar contrast media at different peak kilovoltages. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:896.e9-896.e16. [PMID: 31431254 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM) at different tube voltages on image quality for abdominal computed tomography (CT) in paediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The low osmolar contrast media (LOCM) group and IOCM group consisted of 101 and 102 CT examinations, respectively, in patients <18 years old. Images were reviewed retrospectively. Objective measurement of the contrast enhancement and noise were analysed and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of the abdominal aorta, portal vein, and liver were calculated. Four radiologists participated in subjective analysis using a four-point scale system to evaluate degrees of contrast enhancement, image noise, beam-hardening artefact, and overall image quality. Reader performance for correctly differentiating the two kinds of contrast media was evaluated. RESULTS Regarding the objective measurement, contrast enhancement was significantly higher in the LOCM group (p<0.05). In subjective analysis, only CT using 120 kVp showed significantly stronger enhancement in the LOCM group (p=0.002), and sensitivity to differentiate the IOCM was 80.6%. Overall sensitivity and specificity for correctly differentiating IOCM were 57.1%, and 56.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The application of IOCM was found to be feasible for performing paediatric abdominopelvic CT with a low tube voltage protocol. Although objective measurements of contrast enhancement were significantly lower in the IOCM group, subjective contrast enhancement and image quality assessments were not statistically different between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - K S Choo
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - H Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - S N S Reid
- College of Creative Human Resource, School of Liberal Arts Education, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - T U Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
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You JM, Kim TU, Kim S, Lee NK, Lee JW, Ryu H, Kim JH, Hong SB, Jeon TY, Park DY. Preoperative N stage evaluation in advanced gastric cancer patients using multidetector CT: can the sum of the diameters of metastatic LNs be used for N stage evaluation? Clin Radiol 2019; 74:782-789. [PMID: 31378300 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the diagnostic performance of total counts of metastatic lymph nodes (LN-sum) and conventional multidetector (MD) computed tomography (CT) staging in the nodal evaluation of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 127 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative MDCT and gastrectomy for AGC were identified. Metastatic LNs on MDCT were defined as LNs with a short axis ≥8 mm, marked or heterogeneous enhancement, and morphological features (central necrosis, round shape, clustering). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the N-stage using LN-sum and conventional MDCT staging were generated and compared. In addition, metastatic LN counts between the MDCT and the histopathological examinations and correlation between LN-sum and histopathological nodal status were analysed. RESULTS The total counts of metastatic LNs on MDCT was significantly smaller than those detected in histopathological assessments (p<0.0001). LN-sum showed significant correlation with the pathological N stage and the number of metastatic LNs (rho=0.69, 0.73, p<0.0001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.896, and 0.835, for N stage ≥N2 and N3, with cut-off values of 12.5 and 23.5 mm, respectively. LN-sum provided better diagnostic performance than conventional MDCT staging for discriminating N0-2 versus N3; sensitivity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of LN-sum were significantly higher (80.4 versus 52.2%, 81.1 versus 68.5%, 71.2 versus 57.1%, and 88 versus 74.1%). CONCLUSION LN-sum may be sufficiently useful in assessing the N3 stage of AGC and may help to plan appropriate therapy for AGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M You
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - T U Kim
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - N K Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Hong
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - T Y Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Woo H, Yang HS, Timmes TC, Han C, Nam JY, Byun S, Kim S, Ryu H, Kim HC. Treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate using an algal-based MBR combined with ozone pretreatment. Water Res 2019; 159:164-175. [PMID: 31091481 PMCID: PMC6743077 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Algal treatment was combined with ozone pretreatment for treatment of synthetic reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) prior to microfiltration. The research mainly focused on minimizing the fouling of polyvinylidene-fluoride membranes and maximizing the restoration of membrane permeability. The algal treatment alone was only moderately effective for the mitigation of fouling in microfiltration, while a markedly improved performance was achieved when the algal treatment followed ozonation. The combination of ozonation and algal treatment reduced membrane permeability decline and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the reversibility of fouling after hydraulic washing. A longitudinal evaluation was also performed with a goal of achieving a robust removal of contaminants. Ozonation followed by algal treatment was very effective in attenuating both caffeine and carbamazepine, as well as removing organic matter and inorganic nutrients from ROC in a single bioreactor. In this study, an alkaline condition (∼pH 12), produced by microalgae in the light without supplemental aeration was applied for in-situ cleaning of fouled membranes. The result showed that the algal-induced cleaning successfully restored the permeability of organic-fouled membranes during the filtration of both raw and algal-treated ROC. This in-situ strategy offers a novel option for periodic cleaning of fouled membranes while maintaining operational simplicity, especially for existing submerged membrane filtration facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungmin Woo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Hee Sung Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thomas C Timmes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeju-do 63357, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokjong Byun
- Department of Research and Development, Jeollanamdo Environmental Industries Promotion Institute, Jeollanam-do 59205, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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Park H, Ryu H, Kim H, Oh K, Oh Y, Lee K, Kim S, Kim Y, Ahn C. SUN-199 URINARY ANGIOTENSINOGEN TO CREATININE RATIO (UAGT/CR) IS NOT A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER FOR RENAL PROGRESSION IN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE: KNOW-CKD STUDY. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Li L, Jeon Y, Lee SH, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Seo Y. Dynamics of the physiochemical and community structures of biofilms under the influence of algal organic matter and humic substances. Water Res 2019; 158:136-145. [PMID: 31026675 PMCID: PMC6563348 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased loading of algal organic matter (AOM) during harmful algal blooms not only burdens water treatment processes but also challenges safe drinking water delivery. While organic constituents promote biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), the effects of AOM on biofilm formation in DWDS are not well understood. Herein, three parallel biofilm reactors were used to assess and compare how treated AOM- and humic substance (HS)-impacted bulk water, and R2A medium (a control) affect biofilm development for 168 days. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial communities in biofilms were clustered with the organic matter types in bulk water, where Family Comamonadaceae was the most dominant but showed different temporal dynamics depending on the organic matter characteristics in bulk water. Higher diversity was observed in the biofilms grown in AOM-impacted bulk water (BFAOM) than biofilms grown in HS-impacted (BFHS) and R2A-impacted bulk water (BFR2A) as the biofilms matured. In addition, some taxa (e.g., Rhodobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae) were enriched in BFAOM compared to BFHS and BFR2A. The biofilm image analysis results indicated that compared to BFHS, BFAOM and BFR2A had relatively thinner and heterogeneous physical structures with lower amounts of cell biomass, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and higher EPS protein/polysaccharide ratios. Overall, this study revealed how AOM- and HS-impacted bulk water shape the physiochemical and community structures of biofilms, which can provide insights into assessing biofilm-associated risks and optimizing disinfection practices for biofilm control in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Systems Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Systems Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Khan W, Nam JY, Woo H, Ryu H, Kim S, Maeng SK, Kim HC. A proof of concept study for wastewater reuse using bioelectrochemical processes combined with complementary post-treatment technologies. Environ Sci (Camb) 2019; 5:1489-1498. [PMID: 32607247 PMCID: PMC7326288 DOI: 10.1039/c9ew00358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a proof-of-concept study designed for the reuse of wastewater using microbial electrochemical cells (MECs) combined with complementary post-treatment technologies. This study mainly focused on how the integrated approach works effectively for wastewater reuse. In this study, microalgae and ultraviolet C (UVC) light were used for advanced wastewater treatment to achieve site-specific treatment goals such as agricultural reuse and aquifer recharge. The bio-electrosynthesis of H2O2 in MECs was carried out based on a novel concept to integrate with UVC, especially for roust removal of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) resistant to biodegradation, and the algal treatment was configured for nutrient removal from MEC effluent. UVC irradiation has also proven to be an effective disinfectant for bacteria, protozoa, and viruses in water. The average energy consumption rate for MECs fed acetate-based synthetic wastewater was 0.28±0.01 kWh per kg of H2O2, which was significantly more efficient than are conventional electrochemical processes. MECs achieved 89±2% removal of carbonaceous organic matter (measured as chemical oxygen demand) in the wastewater (anolyte) and concurrent production of H2O2 up to 222±11 mg L-1 in the tapwater (catholyte). The nutrients (N and P) remaining after MECs were successfully removed by subsequent phycoremediation with microalgae when aerated (5% CO2, v/v) in the light. This complied with discharge permits that limit N to 20 mg L-1 and P to 0.5 mg L-1 in the effluent. H2O2 produced on site was used to mediate photolytic oxidation with UVC light for degradation of recalcitrant TOrCs in the algal-treated wastewater. Carbamazepine was used as a model compound and was almost completely removed with an added 10 mg L-1 of H2O2 at a UVC dose of 1000 mJ cm-2. These results should not be generalized, but critically discussed, because of the limitations of using synthetic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waris Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeju-do 63357, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungmin Woo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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Woo H, Beck SE, Boczek LA, Carlson K, Brinkman NE, Linden KG, Lawal OR, Hayes SL, Ryu H. Efficacy of inactivation of human enteroviruses by dual-wavelength germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs). Water (Basel) 2019; 11:1-1131. [PMID: 31275622 DOI: 10.3390/w11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs) was evaluated for inactivating human enteroviruses included on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Contaminant Candidate List (CCL). A UV-C LED device, emitting at peaks of 260 nm and 280 nm and the combination of 260∣280 nm together, was used to measure and compare potential synergistic effects of dual wavelengths for disinfecting viral organisms. The 260 nm LED proved to be the most effective at inactivating the CCL enteroviruses tested. To obtain 2-log10 inactivation credit for the 260 nm LED, the fluences (UV doses) required are approximately 8 mJ/cm2 for coxsackievirus A10 and poliovirus 1, 10 mJ/cm2 for enterovirus 70, and 13 mJ/cm2 for echovirus 30. No synergistic effect was detected when evaluating the log inactivation of enteroviruses irradiated by the dual-wavelength UV-C LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungmin Woo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Sara E Beck
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura A Boczek
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Kelsie Carlson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Nichole E Brinkman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Oliver R Lawal
- AquiSense Technologies, 4400 Olympic Boulevard, Erlanger, KY 41018, USA
| | - Samuel L Hayes
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Bae W, Kim S, Park S, Ryu H, Chung J. Evaluation of predominant factor for shortcut biological nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactor at ambient temperature. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1195-1204. [PMID: 30944996 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The shortcut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR) process requires less aeration and external carbon due to the oxidization of ammonia into nitrite and its direct denitrification to nitrogen gas during the biological nitrogen removal process. However, this process produces a poor effluent containing NH4+, since the system has to maintain a high free ammonia (FA, NH3) concentration. To overcome this drawback, in this study, the solid retention time (SRT) and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration were controlled to achieve both a high ammonia removal rate and nitrite accumulation in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, which can remove nitrogen from wastewater to the desired concentration and provide high free ammonia inhibition and continuous shock loading. When sufficient DO was supplied, nitrite did not accumulate with a 20-day SRT, but the wash-out of nitrite oxidizers in a shorter SRT resulted in a high nitrite accumulation. When DO acted as a limitation, nitrite accumulated at all SRTs. This indicates that nitrite accumulation is more highly influenced by SRT and DO concentration than by FA inhibition. Also, as nitrite accumulated over a 10-day SRT regardless of DO concentration, the accumulation was more highly influenced by SRT than by DO concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookeun Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa Dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa Dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-791, Republic of Korea.,R&D Center, Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., 415-10 Woncheon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 443-823, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa Dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Science Foundation Water Quality Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, USA
| | - Jinwook Chung
- R&D Center, Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., 415-10 Woncheon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 443-823, Republic of Korea.
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Hoelle J, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Kinkle B, Boczek L, Ryu H, Hayes S. Survey of US wastewater for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. J Water Health 2019; 17:219-226. [PMID: 30942772 PMCID: PMC6669892 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A survey for antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli in wastewater was undertaken by collecting samples from primary clarifiers and secondary effluents from seven geographically dispersed US wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Samples were collected at each WWTP in cool and summer months and cultured using selective media. The resulting isolates were characterized for resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, presence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, and phylogroups and sequence types (STs). In total, 322 AR E. coli isolates were identified, of which 65 were imipenem-resistant. Of the 65 carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC) isolates, 62% were positive for more than one and 31% were positive for two or more of carbapenemase and ESBL genes targeted. The most commonly detected carbapenemase gene was blaVIM (n = 36), followed by blaKPC (n = 2). A widespread dispersal of carbapenem-resistant STs and other clinically significant AR STs observed in the present study suggested the plausible release of these strains into the environment. The occurrence of CREC in wastewater is a potential concern because this matrix may serve as a reservoir for gene exchange and thereby increase the risk of AR bacteria (including CR) being disseminated into the environment and thence back to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Hoelle
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail: ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - James R Johnson
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Brian D Johnston
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Brian Kinkle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Laura Boczek
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Sam Hayes
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
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Oh Y, Noga R, Shanov V, Ryu H, Chandra H, Yadav B, Yadav J, Chae S. Electrically heatable carbon nanotube point-of-use filters for effective separation and in-situ inactivation of Legionella pneumophila. Chem Eng J 2019; 366:21-26. [PMID: 31275054 PMCID: PMC6604856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite municipal chlorination and secondary disinfection, opportunistic waterborne pathogens (e.g., Legionella spp.) persist in public and private water distribution systems. As a potential source of healthcare-acquired infections, this warrants development of novel pathogen removal and inactivation systems. In this study, electrically heatable carbon nanotube (CNT) point-of-use (POU) filters have been designed to remove and inactivate Legionella pneumophila in water. The CNT/polymer composite membranes effectively removed Legionella (> 99.99%) (i.e., below detection limit) and were able to inactive them on the membrane surface at 100% efficiency within 60 s using ohmic heating at 20 V. The novel POU filters could be used as a final barrier to provide efficient rejection of pathogens and thereby simultaneously eliminate microorganisms in public and private water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoontaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
| | - Ryan Noga
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, U.S.A
| | - Harish Chandra
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
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36
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Church J, Ryu H, Sadmani AHMA, Randall AA, Santo Domingo J, Lee WH. Multiscale investigation of a symbiotic microalgal-integrated fixed film activated sludge (MAIFAS) process for nutrient removal and photo-oxygenation. Bioresour Technol 2018; 268:128-138. [PMID: 30077169 PMCID: PMC6734556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) process is an advanced biological wastewater treatment process that integrates biofilm carriers within conventional activated sludge to uncouple the sludge retention time for nitrifiers and heterotrophic bacteria. In this study, we incorporated microalgae into the IFAS configuration for photo-oxygenation and evaluated the symbiotic reaction between microalgae and bacteria for both suspended solids and IFAS biofilm media. In a sequencing batch mode, the microalgae-IFAS system removed more than 99% ammonia and 51% phosphorous without the need for mechanical aeration. Biofilm microprofiles revealed localized photo-oxygenation by the algal biofilm and nitrification by nitrifiers on the IFAS media. Genetic sequencing showed that the addition of microalgae to the IFAS system promoted significant changes in the bacterial community structure and altered metabolic activity of several bacterial groups. Overall, this research represents a novel strategy for reducing energy consumption while meeting stringent effluent standards using a hybrid symbiotic microalgae-IFAS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Church
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - A H M Anwar Sadmani
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Andrew Amis Randall
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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37
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Lee MW, Kim N, Kim S, Joo M, Ryu H, Lee H. Chemokine receptor CXCR7 expression, function and clinical implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy304.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Lee H, Lee KM, Han D, Ryu H. N-Myc and STAT interactor (NMI) as a key determinant of chemosensitivity in breast cancer: Proteomic-based computing network mapping and in vivo verification with a mouse model. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy304.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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Ryu H, Han D, Lee KM, Kim K. Proteomic-based machine learning computational analysis discovered biomarkers of aberrant vesicle-exosomal trafficking to determine chemotherapeutic responses in breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy303.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Tiwari A, Hokajärvi AM, Santo Domingo JW, Kauppinen A, Elk M, Ryu H, Jayaprakash B, Pitkänen T. Categorical performance characteristics of method ISO 7899-2 and indicator value of intestinal enterococci for bathing water quality monitoring. J Water Health 2018; 16:711-723. [PMID: 30285953 PMCID: PMC6698379 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal enterococci indicate the fecal contamination of bathing waters. This study defines the performance characteristics of the reference method ISO 7899-2:2000 with water samples collected from inland and coastal bathing areas in Finland. From a total of 341 bacterial isolates grown on Slanetz and Bartley medium, 63.6% were confirmed as intestinal enterococci on bile aesculin agar. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis clades accounted for 93.1% of the confirmed isolates. The range of the false positive and false negative rate of the ISO 7899-2 was 0.0-18.5% and 5.6-57.1%, respectively, being affected by the presumptive colony count on the membrane. The analysis of multiple sample volumes is proposed to reach 10-100 colonies per membrane when 47 mm diameter membranes are used to prevent overestimation of low counts and underestimation of the high counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Expert Microbiology Unit, P.O Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland E-mail:
| | - Anna-Maria Hokajärvi
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Expert Microbiology Unit, P.O Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland E-mail:
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ari Kauppinen
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Expert Microbiology Unit, P.O Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland E-mail:
| | - Michael Elk
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Tarja Pitkänen
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Expert Microbiology Unit, P.O Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland E-mail:
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41
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Ryu H, Galiguis J, Pham A, Le A. Blastocyst development and euploidy rate in single medium with continuous or renewal on day 3 using sibling embryos. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Ryu H, Schrantz KA, Brinkman NE, Boczek LA. Applicability of integrated cell culture reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (ICC-RTqPCR) for the simultaneous detection of the four human enteric enterovirus species in disinfection studies. J Virol Methods 2018; 258:35-40. [PMID: 29778790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A newly developed integrated cell culture reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (ICC-RTqPCR) method and its applicability in UV disinfection studies is described. This method utilizes a cell culture system coupled with four RTqPCR assays to detect four species of human enterovirus (e.g., Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, Enterovirus C and Enterovirus D). Evaluation of the RTqPCR assays was conducted with coxsackievirus A10, echovirus 30, poliovirus 1 and enterovirus 70 and resulted in 100% specificity for the tested assays. A comparison of ICC-RTqPCR between the individual enteroviruses and a mixture of all four viruses resulted in an approximate 1:1 correlation, demonstrating a lack of competition during incubation in cell culture and RTqPCR. The simultaneous detection of multiple human enterovirus species within mixed cultures is relevant to many applications, including virus disinfection studies. This high-throughput, multiplex approach costs less in money and time. By helping with data collection, this approach will lead to more statistically sound data sets that directly compare the inactivation rates of enteroviruses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Karen A Schrantz
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nichole E Brinkman
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura A Boczek
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Maeng SK, You SH, Nam JY, Ryu H, Timmes TC, Kim HC. The growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda in RO concentrate and the impacts on refractory organic matter, Escherichia coli, and trace organic compounds. Water Res 2018; 134:292-300. [PMID: 29433079 PMCID: PMC6744953 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study achieves a better operational simplicity for the phycoremediation of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate using Scenedesmus quadricauda microalgae. Under continuous illumination with CO2 supplementation, algal growth in the RO concentrate resulted in a conversion of polymeric organic matter (a mixture of humic substances and polysaccharides) to biodegradable fractions and their prompt removal along with inorganic nutrients (NO3- and PO43-). The algal-induced degradation of humic-like substances which are typically refractory to microbial decomposition was demonstrated in an indirect manner. In this study, we also investigated the effects of algal treatment on the growth of Escherichia coli and removal of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) from the RO concentrate. Our results indicate that algal treatment of the RO concentrate using aeration with 10% (v/v) CO2 under continuous illumination is highly feasible as a safe and inexpensive technology to remove non- or slowly-biodegradable organic matter, reduce enteric bacteria, and attenuate TOrCs in wastewater. However, the results should not be generalized, but critically discussed, due to limitations of using the synthetic RO concentrate in evaluating the performance of wastewater remediation with microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Hee You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63357, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Thomas C Timmes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Lim B, Hwang M, Song JS, Ryu AJ, Joung B, Shim EB, Ryu H, Pak HN. 1008Effectiveness of atrial fibrillation rotor ablation is dependent on conduction velocity: an in-silico 3-dimensional modeling study. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Lim
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Hwang
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Song
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - A J Ryu
- Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E B Shim
- Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea Republic of
| | - H Ryu
- NVIDIA, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
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45
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Alm EW, Daniels-Witt QR, Learman DR, Ryu H, Jordan DW, Gehring TM, Santo Domingo J. Potential for gulls to transport bacteria from human waste sites to beaches. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:123-130. [PMID: 28964987 PMCID: PMC6754825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of recreational beaches due to fecal waste from gulls complicates beach monitoring and may pose a risk to public health. Gulls that feed at human waste sites may ingest human fecal microorganisms associated with that waste. If these gulls also visit beaches, they may serve as vectors, transporting fecal microorganisms to the beach where they may subsequently contaminate sand and water. In this study, samples collected from landfills, treated wastewater storage lagoons, and public beaches demonstrated a spatial and temporal overlap of markers for gull and human-associated microorganisms. In addition, markers for gull, fecal indicator bacteria, and the human-associated marker, HF183, were detected in gull feces and cloacae samples. Further, HF183 was detected in cloacae samples from gulls that were documented by radio-telemetry traveling between human waste sites and public beaches. This study highlights the potential for gulls that visit human waste sites to disperse human-associated microorganisms in the beach landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Alm
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Quri R Daniels-Witt
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Deric R Learman
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Dustin W Jordan
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Thomas M Gehring
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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46
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Dhar BR, Sim J, Ryu H, Ren H, Santo Domingo JW, Chae J, Lee HS. Microbial activity influences electrical conductivity of biofilm anode. Water Res 2017; 127:230-238. [PMID: 29055828 PMCID: PMC7321815 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the conductivity of a Geobacter-enriched biofilm anode in a microbial electrochemical cell (MxC) equipped with two gold anodes (25 mM acetate medium), as different proton gradients were built throughout the biofilm. There was no pH gradient across the biofilm anode at 100 mM phosphate buffer (current density 2.38 A/m2) and biofilm conductivity (Kbio) was as high as 0.87 mS/cm. In comparison, an inner biofilm became acidic at 2.5 mM phosphate buffer in which dead cells were accumulated at ∼80 μm of the inner biofilm anode. At this low phosphate buffer, Kbio significantly decreased by 0.27 mS/cm, together with declined current density of 0.64 A/m2. This work demonstrates that biofilm conductivity depends on the composition of live and dead cells in the conductive biofilm anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, West Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G, Canada.
| | - Junyoung Sim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, West Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G, Canada.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Junseok Chae
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, West Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G, Canada.
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47
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Lee H, Ryu H, Han D. High-throughput proteome identifies ANHAK as a novel biomarker for bladder urothelial carcinoma diagnosis in liquid-based cytology. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx653.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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48
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Ryu H, Han D. Next generation proteomic profiling to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx653.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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49
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Alvarez NT, Noga R, Chae SR, Sorial GA, Ryu H, Shanov V. Heatable carbon nanotube composite membranes for sustainable recovery from biofouling. Biofouling 2017; 33:847-854. [PMID: 28994321 PMCID: PMC7273504 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1376322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration is one of the most reliable methods for water treatment. However, wider application is limited due to biofouling caused by accumulation of microorganisms on the membrane surface. This report details a heatable carbon nanotube composite membrane with self-cleaning properties for sustainable recovery from biofouling. Microfiltration polycarbonate/carbon-nanotubes hybrid membranes were fabricated using drawable nanotubes that maintained the porosity and provided electrical conductivity to the membrane. Less than 25 V potential and 2-3 W power increase membrane temperature to 100°C in ~10 s. This temperature is above what most microbial life, bacteria and viruses can handle. When this membrane was employed, filtered Escherichia coli collected on its surface were successfully annihilated within 1 min. Ohmic heating of this membrane could be an effective solution to combat biofouling and complications associated with membrane-based filtration. This is a novel and highly desirable approach to combat biofouling, due to its simplicity and economic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe T Alvarez
- a Nanoworld Laboratories , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
- b Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Ryan Noga
- a Nanoworld Laboratories , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
- b Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - So-Ryong Chae
- b Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - George A Sorial
- b Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- c National Risk Management Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- a Nanoworld Laboratories , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
- b Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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50
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Gao Y, Ryu H, Rittmann BE, Hussain A, Lee HS. Quantification of the methane concentration using anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to extracellular electron transfer. Bioresour Technol 2017; 241:979-984. [PMID: 28637165 PMCID: PMC7362340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm anode acclimated with growth media containing acetate, then acetate+methane, and finally methane alone produced electrical current in a microbial electrochemical cell (MxC) fed with methane as the sole electron donor. Geobacter was the dominant genus for the bacterial domain (93%) in the biofilm anode, while methanogens (Methanocorpusculum labreanum and Methanosaeta concilii) accounted for 82% of the total archaeal clones in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging clearly showed a biofilm of mixed bacteria and archaea, suggesting a syntrophic interaction between them for performing anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the biofilm anode. Measured cumulative coulombs were linearly correlated to the methane-gas concentration in the range of 10-99.97% (R2≥0.99) when the measurement was sustained for at least 50min Thus, cumulative coulombs over 50min could be used to quantify the methane concentration in gas samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohuan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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