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Gomez-Buendia A, Alvarez J, Bezos J, Mourelo J, Amado J, Saez JL, de Juan L, Romero B. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: occurrence in skin test cattle reactors from official tuberculosis-free herds. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1361788. [PMID: 38356662 PMCID: PMC10864654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered a relevant cause of non-specific reactions to the most widely applied bovine tuberculosis (bTB) test, the intradermal tuberculin test. In order to establish which NTM species might act as a potential source of such diagnostic interference, a collection of 373 isolates obtained from skin test positive cows from 359 officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, culled in the framework of the bTB eradication campaign in Spain, were identified at the species level through PCR and Sanger sequencing of the 16S rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Of the 308 isolates for which a reliable identification was achieved, 32 different mycobacterial species were identified, with certain species being most represented: among M. avium complex members (n = 142, 46.1%), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (98; 69.0%) was the most abundant followed by M. avium subsp. avium (33, 23.2%), and M. intracellulare (7, 4.9%). Among non-MAC members (n = 166, 53.9%), M. nonchromogenicum (85; 27.6%) and M. bourgelatii (11; 5.6%) were the predominant species. In addition, mixed results were obtained in 53 isolates presenting up to 30 different genotypes, which could be indicative of new mycobacterial species. Our results represent a first step toward characterizing the diversity of NTM species that could interfere with official diagnostic tests for bTB eradication in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gomez-Buendia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mourelo
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Medio Rural, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Amado
- Servicio de Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal y Vegetal, Dirección General de Ganadería y Sanidad Agraria, Consejería de Medio Rural y Política Agraria, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Moens C, Saegerman C, Fretin D, Marché S. Performance of two commercial serological assays for bovine tuberculosis using plasma samples. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 263:110644. [PMID: 37603920 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
In the bovine tuberculosis diagnosis, the use of plasma samples (already available for IFNɣ assays) in serological tests might facilitate the work in the field. Here, the performance of two commercial serological tests (ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test and Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test) were evaluated using plasma samples from cattle in Belgium. Specificity values estimated from 567 plasma samples collected from bTB-free cattle were 98.4% when using the ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test, and were 96.5% and 93.3% when using the high specificity and high sensitivity settings of the Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test, respectively. Sensitivity values were calculated relative to SICCT-positive (N = 117) and IFNɣ-positive (N = 132) animals originating from M. bovis-infected herds. Overall, the multiplexed Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test had better sensitivity (mean: 32.5% and 43.4% for the high specificity and sensitivity settings, respectively) compared to the ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test (mean: 12%). Data obtained from plasma samples in the current study were compared to a previous study using both serological tests with sera. In conclusion, both serological tests showed comparable performance with both matrix; although overall specificity values with the Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test were lower when using plasma samples than sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1048 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Moens C, Saegerman C, Fretin D, Marché S. Field evaluation of two commercial serological assays for detecting bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:125-132. [PMID: 37126914 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle is challenging due to complex immune host response to infection that limit the performance of available diagnostic tests. In this study, performance of two commercial serological assays developed to detect bovine tuberculosis were evaluated: Enferplex Bovine TB antibody kit including 11 antigens (EnferGroup, Ireland) and IDEXX M. bovis Ab kit (IDEXX, USA). The specificity value obtained with the ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test was 97.1%, whereas it was 97.1% and 95.1% for the high specificity and sensitivity settings, respectively, with the Enferplex Bovine TB antibody kit. The sensitivity of the multiplexed Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test for SICCT-positive animals was higher (N = 172; 51.7% and 58.7% with high specificity and sensitivity settings, respectively) compared to the ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test (sensitivity of 36.6%). "Antigen profiles" generated by the multiplexed Enferplex method showed that five out of 11 antigens present in the test were mostly identified as positive sera in cattle originating from bTB-outbreaks. In comparison, unique profiles appeared to be correlated with false positive results. However additional studies are needed to confirm the observed antigen profiles, and their potential use as an additional diagnostic tool. Serial interpretation of the two serological tests produced higher diagnostic specificity (>99%), reducing false positive results, which is essential for a screening test when the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, Brussels B-1050, Belgium; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, Brussels B-1050, Belgium.
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4
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Radulski Ł, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Lipiec M, Weiner M, Zabost A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E. Mycobacterial Infections in Invasive Turtle Species in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040570. [PMID: 37111456 PMCID: PMC10143171 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the number of invasive turtle species living in the wild has significantly increased in Poland. This proliferation carries many threats, which mainly include the displacement of native species of animals from their natural habitats. Turtles can also be reservoirs for pathogens, including bacteria from the Mycobacterium genus. In order to confirm or rule out the presence of acid-fast mycobacteria in the population of invasive turtle species, samples from carapace, plastron, internal organs and mouth cavity swabs from 125 animals were tested. Twenty-eight mycobacterial strains were isolated in culture, which were classified as atypical following multiplex-PCR reactions. The GenoType Mycobacterium Common Mycobacteria (CM) test, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PRA)-hsp65 and DNA sequencing were used to identify the species of isolates. Of the 28 strains, 11 were identified as M. fortuitum, 10 as M. chelonae, 3 as M. avium ssp. avium, 2 as M. nonchromogenicum and 1 each of M. neoaurum and M. scrofulaceum. The results of the research will also strengthen the understanding that these animals can be vectors for pathogens when living in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Radulski
- County Veterinary Inspectorate in Puławy, C.K. Norwida 17, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Lipiec
- National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Weiner
- Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Sarhan MS, Wurst C, Tzankov A, Bircher AJ, Wittig H, Briellmann T, Augsburger M, Hotz G, Zink A, Maixner F. A nontuberculous mycobacterium could solve the mystery of the lady from the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. BMC Biol 2023; 21:9. [PMID: 36747166 PMCID: PMC9903526 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1975, the mummified body of a female has been found in the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. Molecular and genealogic analyses unveiled her identity as Anna Catharina Bischoff (ACB), a member of the upper class of post-reformed Basel, who died at the age of 68 years, in 1787. The reason behind her death is still a mystery, especially that toxicological analyses revealed high levels of mercury, a common treatment against infections at that time, in different body organs. The computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis showed bone lesions in the femurs, the rib cage, and the skull, which refers to a potential syphilis case. RESULTS Although we could not detect any molecular signs of the syphilis-causing pathogen Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, we realized high prevalence of a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in brain tissue sample. The genome analysis of this NTM displayed richness of virulence genes and toxins, and similarity to other infectious NTM, known to infect immunocompromised patients. In addition, it displayed potential resistance to mercury compounds, which might indicate a selective advantage against the applied treatment. This suggests that ACB might have suffered from an atypical mycobacteriosis during her life, which could explain the mummy's bone lesion and high mercury concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The study of this mummy exemplifies the importance of employing differential diagnostic approaches in paleopathological analysis, by combining classical anthropological, radiological, histological, and toxicological observations with molecular analysis. It represents a proof-of-concept for the discovery of not-yet-described ancient pathogens in well-preserved specimens, using de novo metagenomic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sarhan
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Christina Wurst
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Bircher
- Department of Allergology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Holger Wittig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Briellmann
- Citizen Science Basel; formerly Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Hotz
- Natural History Museum Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Renau-Mínguez C, Herrero-Abadía P, Ruiz-Rodriguez P, Sentandreu V, Torrents E, Chiner-Oms Á, Torres-Puente M, Comas I, Julián E, Coscolla M. Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium brumae sustains its nonpathogenic and immunogenic phenotype. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:982679. [PMID: 36687580 PMCID: PMC9850167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium brumae is a rapid-growing, non-pathogenic Mycobacterium species, originally isolated from environmental and human samples in Barcelona, Spain. Mycobacterium brumae is not pathogenic and it's in vitro phenotype and immunogenic properties have been well characterized. However, the knowledge of its underlying genetic composition is still incomplete. In this study, we first describe the 4 Mb genome of the M. brumae type strain ATCC 51384T assembling PacBio reads, and second, we assess the low intraspecies variability by comparing the type strain with Illumina reads from three additional strains. Mycobacterium brumae genome is composed of a circular chromosome with a high GC content of 69.2% and containing 3,791 CDSs, 97 pseudogenes, one prophage and no CRISPR loci. Mycobacterium brumae has shown no pathogenic potential in in vivo experiments, and our genomic analysis confirms its phylogenetic position with other non-pathogenic and rapid growing mycobacteria. Accordingly, we determined the absence of virulence-related genes, such as ESX-1 locus and most PE/PPE genes, among others. Although the immunogenic potential of M. brumae was proved to be as high as Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only mycobacteria licensed to treat cancer, the genomic content of M. tuberculosis T cell and B cell antigens in M. brumae genome is considerably lower than those antigens present in M. bovis BCG genome. Overall, this work provides relevant genomic data on one of the species of the mycobacterial genus with high therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Herrero-Abadía
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Sentandreu
- Genomics Unit, Central Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain,Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Iñaki Comas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Esther Julián, ✉
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- I2SysBio, University of Valencia-FISABIO Joint Unit, Paterna, Spain,*Correspondence: Mireia Coscolla, ✉
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7
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Clarke C, Kerr TJ, Warren RM, Kleynhans L, Miller MA, Goosen WJ. Identification and Characterisation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in African Buffaloes ( Syncerus caffer), South Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091861. [PMID: 36144463 PMCID: PMC9503067 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) may be confounded by immunological cross-reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis antigens when animals are sensitised by certain nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate NTM species diversity in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) respiratory secretions and tissue samples, using a combination of novel molecular tools. Oronasal swabs were collected opportunistically from 120 immobilised buffaloes in historically bTB-free herds. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 10) and tissue samples (n = 19) were obtained during post-mortem examination. Mycobacterial species were identified directly from oronasal swab samples using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra qPCR (14/120 positive) and GenoType CMdirect (104/120 positive). In addition, all samples underwent mycobacterial culture, and PCRs targeting hsp65 and rpoB were performed. Overall, 55 NTM species were identified in 36 mycobacterial culture-positive swab samples with presence of esat-6 or cfp-10 detected in 20 of 36 isolates. The predominant species were M. avium complex and M. komanii. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were also isolated from 6 of 10 culture-positive BALF and 4 of 19 culture-positive tissue samples. Our findings demonstrate that there is a high diversity of NTMs present in buffaloes, and further investigation should determine their role in confounding bTB diagnosis in this species.
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8
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Goosen WJ, Clarke C, Kleynhans L, Kerr TJ, Buss P, Miller MA. Culture-Independent PCR Detection and Differentiation of Mycobacteria spp. in Antemortem Respiratory Samples from African Elephants ( Loxodonta Africana) and Rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium Simum, Diceros Bicornis) in South Africa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060709. [PMID: 35745564 PMCID: PMC9230505 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since certain Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members, such as M. bovis, are endemic in specific South African wildlife reserves and zoos, cases of clinically important nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in wildlife may be neglected. Additionally, due to the inability of tests to differentiate between the host responses to MTBC and NTM, the diagnosis of MTBC may be confounded by the presence of NTMs. This may hinder control efforts. These constraints highlight the need for enhanced rapid detection and differentiation methods for MTBC and NTM, especially in high MTBC burden areas. We evaluated the use of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra, the Hain CMdirect V1.0 line probe assay, and novel amplicon sequencing PCRs targeting the mycobacterial rpoB and ku gene targets, directly on antemortem African elephant (n = 26) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (n = 22) and trunk washes (n = 21) and rhinoceros (n = 23) BALF (n = 23), with known MTBC culture-positive and NTM culture-positive results. Our findings suggest that the Ultra is the most sensitive diagnostic test for MTBC DNA detection directly in raw antemortem respiratory specimens and that the rpoB PCR is ideal for Mycobacterium genus DNA detection and species identification through amplicon sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand J. Goosen
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.K.); (T.J.K.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlene Clarke
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.K.); (T.J.K.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.K.); (T.J.K.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Tanya J. Kerr
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.K.); (T.J.K.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Peter Buss
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, Kruger National Park, South African National Parks, Skukuza 1350, South Africa;
| | - Michele A. Miller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.K.); (T.J.K.); (M.A.M.)
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9
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Gharbi R, Khanna V, Frigui W, Mhenni B, Brosch R, Mardassi H. Phenotypic and genomic hallmarks of a novel, potentially pathogenic rapidly growing Mycobacterium species related to the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13011. [PMID: 34155223 PMCID: PMC8217490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have identified a putative novel rapidly growing Mycobacterium species, referred to as TNTM28, recovered from the sputum of an apparently immunocompetent young man with an underlying pulmonary disease. Here we provide a thorough characterization of TNTM28 genome sequence, which consists of one chromosome of 5,526,191 bp with a 67.3% G + C content, and a total of 5193 predicted coding sequences. Phylogenomic analyses revealed a deep-rooting relationship to the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, thus suggesting a new taxonomic entity. TNTM28 was predicted to be a human pathogen with a probability of 0.804, reflecting the identification of several virulence factors, including export systems (Sec, Tat, and ESX), a nearly complete set of Mce proteins, toxin-antitoxins systems, and an extended range of other genes involved in intramacrophage replication and persistence (hspX, ahpC, sodA, sodC, katG, mgtC, ClpR, virS, etc.), some of which had likely been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Such an arsenal of potential virulence factors, along with an almost intact ESX-1 locus, might have significantly contributed to TNTM28 pathogenicity, as witnessed by its ability to replicate efficiently in macrophages. Overall, the identification of this new species as a potential human pathogen will help to broaden our understanding of mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Gharbi
- Unit of Typing & Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Varun Khanna
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, C3BI, Unité de Services et de Recherche, USR 3756, Institut Pasteur CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Frigui
- Institut Pasteur (IP), Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Besma Mhenni
- Unit of Typing & Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur (IP), Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Helmi Mardassi
- Unit of Typing & Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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10
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Shah JA, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Horne DJ, Sette A, Hawn TR. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Heterologous Immunity to Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1091-1098. [PMID: 31165861 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an improved tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is a high worldwide public health priority. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, provides variable efficacy against adult pulmonary TB, but why this protection varies is unclear. Humans are regularly exposed to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that live in soil and water reservoirs and vary in different geographic regions around the world. Immunologic cross-reactivity may explain disparate outcomes of BCG vaccination and susceptibility to TB disease. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is increasing but challenging to obtain due to a lack of reliable research tools. In this review, we describe the progress and bottlenecks in research on NTM epidemiology, immunology and heterologous immunity to Mtb. With ongoing efforts to develop new vaccines for TB, understanding the effect of NTM on vaccine efficacy may be a critical determinant of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed A Shah
- Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.,Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - David J Horne
- Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, California.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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11
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Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:799-826. [PMID: 31853742 PMCID: PMC7222044 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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12
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Hanafiah KM, Arifin N, Sanders PR, Othman N, Garcia ML, Anderson DA. Proteomic Analysis of Antigen 60 Complex of M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Reveals Presence of Extracellular Vesicle Proteins and Predicted Functional Interactions. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E80. [PMID: 31382538 PMCID: PMC6789874 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is ranked among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. New biomarker-based serodiagnostics and vaccines are unmet needs stalling disease control. Antigen 60 (A60) is a thermostable mycobacterial complex typically purified from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. A60 was historically evaluated for TB serodiagnostic and vaccine potential with variable findings. Despite containing immunogenic proteins, A60 has yet to be proteomically characterized. Here, commercial A60 was (1) trypsin-digested in-solution, analyzed by LC-MS/MS, searched against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG Uniprot databases; (2) analyzed using STRING to predict protein-protein interactions; and (3) probed with anti-TB monoclonal antibodies and patient immunoglobulin G (IgG) on Western blot to evaluate antigenicity. We detected 778 proteins in two A60 samples (440 proteins shared), including DnaK, LprG, LpqH, and GroEL1/2, reportedly present in mycobacterial extracellular vesicles (EV). Of these, 107 were also reported in EVs of M. tuberculosis, and 27 key proteins had significant protein-protein interaction, with clustering for chaperonins, ribosomal proteins, and proteins for ligand transport (LpqH and LprG). On Western blot, 7/8 TB and 1/8 non-TB sera samples had reactivity against 37-50 kDa proteins, while LpqH, GroEL2, and PstS1 were strongly detected. In conclusion, A60 comprises numerous proteins, including EV proteins, with predicted biological interactions, which may have implications on biomarker and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Paul R Sanders
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mary L Garcia
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David A Anderson
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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13
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Gcebe N, Michel AL, Hlokwe TM. Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species causing mycobacteriosis in farmed aquatic animals of South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:32. [PMID: 29653505 PMCID: PMC5899368 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is among the most chronic diseases of aquatic animals. In addition, fish mycobacteriosis has substantial economic consequences especially in the aquaculture and fisheries industry as infections may significantly decrease production and trade. Some fish NTM pathogens are highly virulent and zoonotic; as such, infection of aquaria with these pathogens is a public health concern. In this study, we report isolation of nine different NTM species from sixteen aquatic animals including different fish species, frogs and a crocodile. Given the clinical significance of Mycobacterium marinum and its close relation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the significance of ESAT 6 and CFP-10 secretion in mycobacterial virulence, we analysed the esxA and esxB nucleotide sequences of M. marinum isolates identified in this study as well as other mycobacteria in the public databases. RESULTS Mycobacterium shimoidei, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium septicum /M. peregrinum and Mycobacterium porcinum were isolated from gold fish, Guppy, exotic fish species in South Africa, koi and undefined fish, Knysna seahorse, as well Natal ghost frogs respectively, presenting tuberculosis like granuloma. Other NTM species were isolated from the studied aquatic animals without any visible lesions, and these include Mycobacterium sp. N845 T, Mycobacterium fortuitum, a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium szulgai. Phylogenetic analysis of mycobacteria, based on esxA and esxB genes, separated slow growing from rapidly growing mycobacteria as well as pathogenic from non-pathogenic mycobacteria in some cases. CONCLUSIONS Isolation of the different NTM species from samples presenting granuloma suggests the significance of these NTM species in causing mycobacteriosis in these aquatic animals. The study also revealed the potential of esxA and esxB sequences as markers for phylogenetic classification of mycobacteria. Observations regarding use of esxA and esxB sequences for prediction of potential pathogenicity of mycobacteria warrants further investigation of these two genes in a study employing NTM species with well-defined pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
| | - Anita L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Tiny Motlatso Hlokwe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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14
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Gcebe N, Rutten VPMG, van Pittius NG, Naicker B, Michel AL. Mycobacterium komaniense sp. nov., a rapidly growing non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species detected in South Africa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29543151 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to be opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. Recently there has been an upsurge in the number of cases of NTM infections, such that some NTM species are now recognized as pathogens of humans and animals. From a veterinary point of view, the major significance of NTM is the cross-reactive immune response they elicit against Mycobacterium bovis antigens, leading to misdiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Four NTM isolates were detected from a bovine nasal swab, soil and water, during an NTM survey in South Africa. These were all found using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be closely related to Mycobacterium moriokaense. The isolates were further characterised by sequence analysis of the partial fragments of hsp65, rpoB and sodA. The genome of the type strain was also elucidated. Gene (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB and sodA) and protein sequence data analysis of 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT 6) and 10 kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10) revealed that these isolates belong to a unique Mycobacterium species. Differences in phenotypic and biochemical traits between the isolates and closely related species further supported that these isolates belong to novel Mycobacterium species. We proposed the name Mycobacterium komaniense sp. nov. for this new species. The type strain is GPK 1020T (=CIP 110823T=ATCC BAA-2758).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Gey van Pittius
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Brendon Naicker
- Polymers and Composites, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Brummeria, South Africa
| | - Anita L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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15
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Gupta RS, Lo B, Son J. Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29497402 PMCID: PMC5819568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium contains 188 species including several major human pathogens as well as numerous other environmental species. We report here comprehensive phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses on 150 genomes of Mycobacterium species to understand their interrelationships. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the 150 species based on 1941 core proteins for the genus Mycobacterium, 136 core proteins for the phylum Actinobacteria and 8 other conserved proteins. Additionally, the overall genome similarity amongst the Mycobacterium species was determined based on average amino acid identity of the conserved protein families. The results from these analyses consistently support the existence of five distinct monophyletic groups within the genus Mycobacterium at the highest level, which are designated as the "Tuberculosis-Simiae," "Terrae," "Triviale," "Fortuitum-Vaccae," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades. Some of these clades have also been observed in earlier phylogenetic studies. Of these clades, the "Abscessus-Chelonae" clade forms the deepest branching lineage and does not form a monophyletic grouping with the "Fortuitum-Vaccae" clade of fast-growing species. In parallel, our comparative analyses of proteins from mycobacterial genomes have identified 172 molecular signatures in the form of conserved signature indels and conserved signature proteins, which are uniquely shared by either all Mycobacterium species or by members of the five identified clades. The identified molecular signatures (or synapomorphies) provide strong independent evidence for the monophyly of the genus Mycobacterium and the five described clades and they provide reliable means for the demarcation of these clades and for their diagnostics. Based on the results of our comprehensive phylogenomic analyses and numerous identified molecular signatures, which consistently and strongly support the division of known mycobacterial species into the five described clades, we propose here division of the genus Mycobacterium into an emended genus Mycobacterium encompassing the "Tuberculosis-Simiae" clade, which includes all of the major human pathogens, and four novel genera viz. Mycolicibacterium gen. nov., Mycolicibacter gen. nov., Mycolicibacillus gen. nov. and Mycobacteroides gen. nov. corresponding to the "Fortuitum-Vaccae," "Terrae," "Triviale," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades, respectively. With the division of mycobacterial species into these five distinct groups, attention can now be focused on unique genetic and molecular characteristics that differentiate members of these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey S. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, CA, Canada
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16
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Jenkins AO, Gormley E, Gcebe N, Fosgate GT, Conan A, Aagaard C, Michel AL, Rutten VPMG. Cross reactive immune responses in cattle arising from exposure to Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Prev Vet Med 2018; 152:16-22. [PMID: 29559101 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle may be compromised in areas where there are high rates of exposure to environmental/non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This cross reaction of immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis antigens shared with NTMs can result in reduced specificity of commonly used diagnostic tests including tuberculin skin tests and the interferon gamma assay (IFN-ɣ). In this study we assessed the cross-reactive immune responses of M. bovis (infected) and NTM exposed animals to M. bovis and M. avium tuberculin, the ESAT6/CFP10 cocktail antigen, tuberculin derived from cultures of selected NTMs, and a panel of recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) antigens sharing homology with orthologues in NTM. Gamma interferon (IFN-ɣ) responses were measured in whole blood cultures using the IFN-ɣ assay and the IFN-ɣ elispot assay on purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We observed the expected strong IFN-ɣ response to PPD-B in the M. bovis infected animals that distinguished this group from non-infected NTM exposed cattle. The IFN-ɣ responses to PPD-N (M. nonchromogenicum), were relatively high in both infected and non-infected NTM exposed cattle, but were not significantly different to classify the true infection status of each group. The results indicated that the cross-reactive responses to PPD-B and/or PPD-A with PPD-N, likely arose from prior exposure to environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The IFN-ɣ immune responses to the 10 R-Mag measured by the IFN-ɣ elispot assay revealed that three of the selected antigens, Rv3615 (ESpC), Rv0287 (esxG) and the ESAT6/CFP10, were immunogenic in the infected cattle, and distinguished the infected cattle from the non-infected NTM exposed animals. The combined data of PPDs and R-Mags derived from NTM mycobacteria may prove useful in future development of novel bTB diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Jenkins
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - E Gormley
- TB diagnostics and Vaccine Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N Gcebe
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G T Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - A Conan
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - C Aagaard
- Department of Infectious Disease immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
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17
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Hlokwe TM, Said H, Gcebe N. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cattle from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:299. [PMID: 29017548 PMCID: PMC5635548 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in human and Mycobacterium bovis commonly causes tuberculosis in animals. Transmission of tuberculosis caused by both pathogens can occur from human to animals and vice versa. Results In the current study, M. tuberculosis, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting 3 regions of difference (RD4, RD9 and RD12) on the genomes, was isolated from cattle originating from two epidemiologically unrelated farms in the Eastern Cape (E.C) Province of South Africa. Although the isolates were genotyped with variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) typing, no detailed epidemiological investigation was carried out on the respective farms to unequivocally confirm or link humans as sources of TB transmission to cattle, a move that would have embraced the ‘One Health’ concept. In addition, strain comparison with human M. tuberculosis in the database from the E.C Province and other provinces in the country did not reveal any match. Conclusions This is the first report of cases of M. tuberculosis infection in cattle in South Africa. The VNTR profiles of the M. tuberculosis strains identified in the current study will form the basis for creating M. tuberculosis VNTR database for animals including cattle for future epidemiological studies. Our findings however, call for urgent reinforcement of collaborative efforts between the veterinary and the public health services of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiny Motlatso Hlokwe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Diagnostic Services Programme, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Halima Said
- Division of the National Health Laboratory Services, Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Diagnostic Services Programme, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
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18
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Gcebe N, Rutten V, Pittius NGV, Naicker B, Michel A. Mycobacterium malmesburyense sp. nov., a non-tuberculous species of the genus Mycobacterium revealed by multiple gene sequence characterization. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:832-838. [PMID: 27926825 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment, and an increasing number of NTM species have been isolated and characterized from both humans and animals, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these bacteria. Host exposure to NTM may impact on cross-reactive immune responsiveness, which may affect diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and may also play a role in the variability of the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination against tuberculosis. In this study we characterized 10 NTM isolates originating from water, soil, nasal swabs of cattle and African buffalo as well as bovine tissue samples. These isolates were previously identified during an NTM survey and were all found, using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be closely related to Mycobacterium moriokaense. A polyphasic approach that included phenotypic characterization, antibiotic susceptibility profiling, mycolic acid profiling and phylogenetic analysis of four gene loci, 16S rRNA, hsp65, sodA and rpoB, was employed to characterize these isolates. Sequence data analysis of the four gene loci revealed that these isolates belong to a unique species of the genus Mycobacterium. This evidence was further supported by several differences in phenotypic characteristics between the isolates and the closely related species. We propose the name Mycobacterium malmesburyense sp. nov. for this novel species. The type strain is WCM 7299T (=ATCC BAA-2759T=CIP 110822T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa.,Tuberculosis Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa
| | - Victor Rutten
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Gey van Pittius
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Brendon Naicker
- Polymers and Composites, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Brummeria, South Africa
| | - Anita Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa
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19
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Roperto S, Varano M, Russo V, Lucà R, Cagiola M, Gaspari M, Ceccarelli DM, Cuda G, Roperto F. Proteomic analysis of protein purified derivative of Mycobacterium bovis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:68. [PMID: 28372590 PMCID: PMC5376687 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculin skin test based on in vivo intradermal inoculation of purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium bovis (bPPD) is the diagnostic test for the control and surveillance of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Methods Proteomic analysis was performed on different bPPD preparations from M. bovis, strain AN5. Proteins were precipitated from bPPD solutions by TCA precipitation. The proteome of bPPD preparations was investigated by bottom-up proteomics, which consisted in protein digestion and nano-LC–MS/MS analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed on a Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled online to an Easy nano-LC1000 system. Results Three hundred and fifty-six proteins were identified and quantified by at least 2 peptides (99% confidence per peptide). One hundred and ninety-eight proteins, which had not been previously described, were detected; furthermore, the proteomic profile shared 80 proteins with previous proteomes from bPPDs from the United Kingdom and Brazil and 139 protein components from bPPD from Korea. Locus name of M. bovis (Mb) with orthologs from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, comparative gene and protein length, molecular mass, functional categories, gene name and function of each protein were reported. Ninety-two T cell mycobacterial antigens responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity were detected, fifty-two of which were not previously reported in any bPPD proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005920. Conclusions This study represents the highest proteome coverage of bPPD preparations to date. Since proteins perform cellular functions essential to health and/or disease, obtaining knowledge of their presence and variance is of great importance in understanding disease states and for advancing translational studies. Therefore, to better understand Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex biology during infection, survival, and persistence, the reproducible evaluation of the proteins that catalyze and control these processes is critically important. More active and more specific tuberculins would be desirable. Indeed, many antigens contained within bPPD are currently responsible for the cross-reactivity resulting in false-positive results as they are shared between non-tuberculous and tuberculous mycobacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1172-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariaconcetta Varano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cagiola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dora Maria Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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20
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Gcebe N, Hlokwe TM. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in South African Wildlife: Neglected Pathogens and Potential Impediments for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:15. [PMID: 28194371 PMCID: PMC5276850 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are not only emerging and opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals, but from a veterinary point of view some species induce cross-reactive immune responses that hamper the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in both livestock and wildlife. Little information is available about NTM species circulating in wildlife species of South Africa. In this study, we determined the diversity of NTM isolated from wildlife species from South Africa as well as Botswana. Thirty known NTM species and subspecies, as well as unidentified NTM, and NTM closely related to Mycobacterium goodii/Mycobacterium smegmatis were identified from 102 isolates cultured between the years 1998 and 2010, using a combination of molecular assays viz PCR and sequencing of different Mycobacterial house-keeping genes as well as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The NTM identified in this study include the following species which were isolated from tissue with tuberculosis- like lesions in the absence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) implying their potential role as pathogens of animals: Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium species closely related to Mycobacterium goodii/Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium brasiliensis, Mycobacterium sinense JMD 601, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, Mycobacterium sp. GR-2007, Mycobacterium bouchedurhonense, and Mycobacterium septicum/M. peregrinum. Mycobaterium brasiliensis, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium sp. GR-2007, and a potential novel Mycobacterium species closely related to Mycobacterium goodii were found for the first time in this study to be potential pathogens of animals. Mycobacterium simiae was isolated from a sample originating from a tuberculin skin test positive reactor, demonstrating its potential to elicit inappropriate immune responses in animals that may interfere with diagnosis of tuberculosis by immunology. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletti was the most frequently detected NTM identified in 37 of the 102 isolates. Other NTM species were also isolated from animals not showing any pathological changes. Knowledge gained in this study contribute to the understanding of NTM species circulating in wild animals in South Africa and the pathogenic potential of certain species, whose role in disease causation need to be examined, as well as to a certain extent the potential of M. simiae to hamper the diagnosis of bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Zoonotic Diseases, Agricultural Research Council Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Tiny M Hlokwe
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Zoonotic Diseases, Agricultural Research Council Onderstepoort, South Africa
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