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Kotlarz K, Mielczarek M, Biecek P, Wojdak-Maksymiec K, Suchocki T, Topolski P, Jagusiak W, Szyda J. An Explainable Deep Learning Classifier of Bovine Mastitis Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Data-Circumventing the p >> n Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4715. [PMID: 38731932 PMCID: PMC11083318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The serious drawback underlying the biological annotation of whole-genome sequence data is the p >> n problem, which means that the number of polymorphic variants (p) is much larger than the number of available phenotypic records (n). We propose a way to circumvent the problem by combining a LASSO logistic regression with deep learning to classify cows as susceptible or resistant to mastitis, based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Among several architectures, the one with 204,642 SNPs was selected as the best. This architecture was composed of two layers with, respectively, 7 and 46 units per layer implementing respective drop-out rates of 0.210 and 0.358. The classification of the test data resulted in AUC = 0.750, accuracy = 0.650, sensitivity = 0.600, and specificity = 0.700. Significant SNPs were selected based on the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP). As a final result, one GO term related to the biological process and thirteen GO terms related to molecular function were significantly enriched in the gene set that corresponded to the significant SNPs. Our findings revealed that the optimal approach can correctly predict susceptibility or resistance status for approximately 65% of cows. Genes marked by the most significant SNPs are related to the immune response and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kotlarz
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magda Mielczarek
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wojdak-Maksymiec
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Aleja Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Suchocki
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Topolski
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (P.T.); (W.J.)
| | - Wojciech Jagusiak
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (P.T.); (W.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Szyda
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Lu D, Chen X, Chen Y, Hu C, Guo A. MbovP0725, a secreted serine/threonine phosphatase, inhibits the host inflammatory response and affects metabolism in Mycoplasma bovis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0089123. [PMID: 38440990 PMCID: PMC11019793 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00891-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma species are able to produce and release secreted proteins, such as toxins, adhesins, and virulence-related enzymes, involved in bacteria adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion between the pathogen and host. Here, we investigated a novel secreted protein, MbovP0725, from Mycoplasma bovis encoding a putative haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) hydrolase function of a key serine/threonine phosphatase depending on Mg2+ for the dephosphorylation of its substrate pNPP, and it was most active at pH 8 to 9 and temperatures around 40°C. A transposon insertion mutant strain of M. bovis HB0801 that lacked the protein MbovP0725 induced a stronger inflammatory response but with a partial reduction of adhesion ability. Using transcriptome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that the mutant was upregulated by the mRNA expression of genes from the glycolysis pathway, while downregulated by the genes enriched in ABC transporters and acetate kinase-phosphate acetyltransferase pathway. Untargeted metabolomics showed that the disruption of the Mbov_0725 gene caused the accumulation of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids and the consumption of cytidine 5'-monophosphate, uridine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate. Both the exogenous and endogenous MbvoP0725 protein created by purification and transfection inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA production and could also attenuate the activation of MAPK-associated pathways after LPS treatment. A pull-down assay identified MAPK p38 and ERK as potential substrates for MbovP0725. These findings define metabolism- and virulence-related roles for a HAD family phosphatase and reveal its ability to inhibit the host pro-inflammatory response. IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) infection is characterized by chronic pneumonia, otitis, arthritis, and mastitis, among others, and tends to involve the suppression of the immune response via multiple strategies to avoid host cell immune clearance. This study found that MbovP0725, a haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) family phosphatase secreted by M. bovis, had the ability to inhibit the host pro-inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify MbovP0725 as an important phosphatase involved in glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism. The M. bovis transposon mutant strain T8.66 lacking MbovP0725 induced a higher inflammatory response and exhibited weaker adhesion to host cells. Additionally, T8.66 attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK P38 and ERK and interacted with the two targets. These results suggested that MbovP0725 had the virulence- and metabolism-related role of a HAD family phosphatase, performing an anti-inflammatory response during M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Liu S, Li Z, Lan S, Hao H, Jin X, Liang J, Baz AA, Yan X, Gao P, Chen S, Chu Y. LppA is a novel plasminogen receptor of Mycoplasma bovis that contributes to adhesion by binding the host extracellular matrix and Annexin A2. Vet Res 2023; 54:107. [PMID: 37978536 PMCID: PMC10657132 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is responsible for various inflammatory diseases in cattle. The prevention and control of M. bovis are complicated by the absence of effective vaccines and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide in the cattle industry. Lipoproteins, vital components of the Mycoplasmas cell membrane, are deemed potent antigens for eliciting immune responses in the host upon infection. However, the functions of lipoproteins in M. bovis remain underexplored due to their low sequence similarity with those of other bacteria and the scarcity of genetic manipulation tools for M. bovis. In this study, the lipoprotein LppA was identified in all examined M. bovis strains. Utilizing immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting, it was observed that LppA localizes to the surface membrane. Recombinant LppA demonstrated dose-dependent adherence to the membrane of embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells, and this adhesion was inhibited by anti-LppA serum. In vitro binding assays confirmed LppA's ability to associate with fibronectin, collagen IV, laminin, vitronectin, plasminogen, and tPA, thereby facilitating the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Moreover, LppA was found to bind and enhance the accumulation of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) on the cell membrane. Disrupting LppA in M. bovis significantly diminished the bacterium's capacity to adhere to EBL cells, underscoring LppA's function as a bacterial adhesin. In conclusion, LppA emerges as a novel adhesion protein that interacts with multiple host extracellular matrix proteins and ANXA2, playing a crucial role in M. bovis's adherence to host cells and dissemination. These insights substantially deepen our comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiangrui Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jinjia Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xinmin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etilogoical Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Almulhim F, Hong PY. Evaluation of protein extraction methods to improve meta-proteomics analysis of treated wastewater biofilms. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2300191. [PMID: 37541654 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Metaproteomics can be used to study functionally active biofilm-based bacterial populations in reclaimed water distribution systems, which in turn result in bacterial regrowth that impacts the water quality. However, existing protein extraction methods have differences in their protein recovery and have not been evaluated for their efficacies in reclaimed water biofilm samples. In this study, we first evaluated six different protein extraction methods with diverse chemical and physical properties on a mixture of bacterial cell culture. Based on a weighting scores-based evaluation, the extraction protocols in order of decreasing performance are listed as B-PER > RIPA > PreOmics > SDS > AllPrep > Urea. The highest four optimal methods on cell culture were further tested against treated wastewater non-chlorinated and chlorinated effluent biofilms. In terms of protein yield, our findings showed that RIPA performed the best; however, the highest number of proteins were extracted from SDS and PreOmics. Furthermore, SDS and PreOmics worked best to rupture gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Considering the five evaluation factors, PreOmics obtained highest weighted score, indicating its potential effectiveness in extracting proteins from biofilms. This study provides the first insight into evaluating protein extraction methods to facilitate metaproteomics for complex reclaimed water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Almulhim
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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5
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Lan S, Li Z, Hao H, Liu S, Huang Z, Bai Y, Li Y, Yan X, Gao P, Chen S, Chu Y. A genome-wide transposon mutagenesis screening identifies LppB as a key factor associated with Mycoplasma bovis colonization and invasion into host cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23176. [PMID: 37665592 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300678r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma spp., the smallest self-replicating and genome-reduced organisms, have raised a great concern in both the medical and veterinary fields due to their pathogenicity. The molecular determinants of these wall-less bacterium efficiently use their limited genes to ensure successful infection of the host remain unclear. In the present study, we used the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma bovis as a model to identify the key factors for colonization and invasion into host cells. We constructed a nonredundant fluorescent transposon mutant library of M. bovis using a modified transposon plasmid, and identified 34 novel adhesion-related genes based on a high-throughput screening approach. Among them, the ΔLppB mutant exhibited the most apparent decrease in adhesion to embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells. The surface-localized lipoprotein LppB, which is highly conserved in Mycoplasma species, was then confirmed as a key factor for M. bovis adhesion with great immunogenicity. LppB interacted with various components (fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen IV, and laminin) of host extracellular matrix (ECM) and promoted plasminogen activation through tPA to degrade ECM. The 439-502 amino acid region of LppB is a critical domain, and F465 and Y493 are important residues for the plasminogen activation activity. We further revealed LppB as a key factor facilitating internalization through clathrin- and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, which helps the Mycoplasma invade the host cells. Our study indicates that LppB plays a key role in Mycoplasma infection and is a potential new therapeutic and vaccine target for Mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yutong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Wang J, Liang K, Chen L, Su X, Liao D, Yu J, He J. Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma's immune evasion strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1247182. [PMID: 37719671 PMCID: PMC10502178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1247182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas, the smallest known self-replicating organisms, possess a simple structure, lack a cell wall, and have limited metabolic pathways. They are responsible for causing acute or chronic infections in humans and animals, with a significant number of species exhibiting pathogenicity. Although the innate and adaptive immune responses can effectively combat this pathogen, mycoplasmas are capable of persisting in the host, indicating that the immune system fails to eliminate them completely. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate and sophisticated defense mechanisms developed by mycoplasmas during their long-term co-evolution with the host. These evasion strategies encompass various tactics, including invasion, biofilm formation, and modulation of immune responses, such as inhibition of immune cell activity, suppression of immune cell function, and resistance against immune molecules. Additionally, antigen variation and molecular mimicry are also crucial immune evasion strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the evasion mechanisms employed by mycoplasmas, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mycoplasma infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Keying Liang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Daoyong Liao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Gioia G, Severgnini M, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Freeman J, Sipka A, Santisteban C, Wieland M, Gallardo VA, Scott JG, Moroni P, Addis MF. Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0301022. [PMID: 37199649 PMCID: PMC10269790 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03010-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma mastitis can be highly contagious, unresponsive to treatment, and cause severe economic problems in affected herds. Notable routes of Mycoplasma spp. transmissions are contaminated milking equipment and animal contact through respiratory secretions. Only a few studies report the environment as a possible source of infection. Our group studied the presence of pathogens in houseflies (Musca domestica) in a New York State dairy in the United States. Among others, a Mycoplasma spp. was found in the gut of a housefly captured in the sick pen and identified as M. arginini. Here, we characterized its genome and investigated its relatedness with eight isolates from milk, one isolate from lung tissue collected in the same dairy, and five other dairies in New York State. We applied whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and 76 conserved proteins. We also assessed an in silico virulence profile by considering a panel of 94 putative virulence genes. As a result of the genome analysis, the housefly M. arginini isolate was highly similar to the milk isolates; interestingly, the similarity was highest with M. arginini isolated from milk on the same dairy farm where the housefly was captured. The housefly and milk M. arginini isolates possessed 54 of the 94 pathogenicity genes considered. Our data support the hypothesis that houseflies are carriers of Mycoplasma spp. and can be considered within the possible roots of environmental transmission of infection in dairy cows. Nevertheless, M. arginini pathogenicity will need to be investigated with dedicated studies. IMPORTANCE It is critical to control the spread of bovine mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp., as this disease can be highly contagious and have a severe economic impact on affected dairies. A better understanding of possible transmission routes is crucial for infection control and prevention. Based on our data, the composite milk isolates are genetically similar to the housefly isolate. This provides evidence that the same Mycoplasma species found in milk and associated with mastitis can also be isolated from houseflies captured in the dairy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gioia
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - M. Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - B. Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - J. Freeman
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A. Sipka
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - C. Santisteban
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - M. Wieland
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - V. Alanis Gallardo
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - P. Moroni
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - M. F. Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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8
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Lu D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Anwar Khan F, Chen Y, Hu C, Yang L, Chen H, Guo A. Secreted MbovP0145 Promotes IL-8 Expression through Its Interactive β-Actin and MAPK Activation and Contributes to Neutrophil Migration. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121628. [PMID: 34959583 PMCID: PMC8707762 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of cattle responsible for huge economic losses in the dairy and beef industries worldwide. The proteins secreted by M. bovis are mainly related to its adhesion, invasion, virulence, and intracellular survival and play a role in mycoplasma-host interactions. In our previous study, we found MbovP0145, a secreted protein present in the M. bovis secretome, but little is known about its function. In this study, we assessed the inflammatory characteristics and underlined mechanism of this inflammation of recombinant MbovP0145 (rMbovP0145). For this, bovine lung epithelial cells (EBL) were stimulated by rMbovP0145 to see the IL-8 production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We observed that rMbovP0145 increased the production of IL-8 via ERK1/2 and P38 pathway activation. Further, the effect of the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant and its complementary strain on IL-8 mRNA expression was also confirmed. A pulldown assay of the GST-tagged MbovP0145 protein with mass spectrometry demonstrated that β-actin could specifically interact with rMbovP0145 to mediate the IL-8 signaling. As knockdown of β-actin expression with RNA interference in EBL cells decreased the mRNA expression of IL-8 and the phosphorylated ERK1/2 and P38 proteins, whereas disrupted actin polymerization by cytochalasin D led to a significantly higher IL-8 expression and MAPK phosphorylation in rMbovP0145-stimulated cells. Compared to M. bovis HB0801 and its complementary strain, the culture supernatant of EBL cells infected with the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant induced less neutrophil migration to the lower chamber in a transwell system. In conclusion, MbovP0145 promoted IL-8 expression by interacting with β-actin through activation of the MAPK pathway, thus contributing to neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- Department of Animal Health, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87287115
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9
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Feng M, Schaff AC, Balish MF. Mycoplasma pneumoniae biofilms grown in vitro: traits associated with persistence and cytotoxicity. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 166:629-640. [PMID: 32421492 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The atypical bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia in humans; infections are often recalcitrant, recurrent and resistant to antibiotic treatment. These characteristics suggest a mechanism that facilitates long-term colonization in hosts. In an in vitro setting, M. pneumoniae forms biofilms that are unusual in that motility plays no more than a very limited role in their formation and development. Given the unusual nature of M. pneumoniae biofilms, open questions remain concerning phenotypes associated with persistence, such as what properties might favour the bacteria while minimizing host damage. M. pneumoniae also produces several cytotoxic molecules including community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin, H2S and H2O2, but how it deploys these agents during growth is unknown. Whereas several biochemical techniques for biofilm disruption were ineffective, sonication was required for disruption of M. pneumoniae biofilms to generate individual cells for comparative studies, suggesting unusual physical properties likely related to the atypical cell envelope. Nonetheless, like for other bacteria, biofilms were less susceptible to antibiotic inhibition and complement killing than dispersed cells, with resistance increasing as the biofilms matured. CARDS toxin levels and enzymatic activities associated with H2S and H2O2 production were highest during early biofilm formation and decreased over time, suggesting attenuation of virulence in connection with chronic infection. Collectively, these findings result in a model of how M. pneumoniae biofilms contribute to both the establishment and propagation of M. pneumoniae infections, and how both biofilm towers and individual cells participate in persistence and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Feng
- Present address: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical College, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew C Schaff
- Present address: Hudson College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Schiences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mitchell F Balish
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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10
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Loera-Muro A, Guerrero-Barrera A, Tremblay D N Y, Hathroubi S, Angulo C. Bacterial biofilm-derived antigens: a new strategy for vaccine development against infectious diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:385-396. [PMID: 33606569 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1892492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microorganisms can develop into a social organization known as biofilms and these communities can be found in virtually all types of environment on earth. In biofilms, cells grow as multicellular communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Living within a biofilm allows for the emergence of specific properties for these cells that their planktonic counterparts do not have. Furthermore, biofilms are the cause of several infectious diseases and are frequently inhabited by multi-species. These interactions between microbial species are often critical for the biofilm process. Despite the importance of biofilms in disease, vaccine antigens are typically prepared from bacteria grown as planktonic cells under laboratory conditions. Vaccines based on planktonic bacteria may not provide optimal protection against biofilm-driven infections. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will present an overview of biofilm formation, what controls this mode of growth, and recent vaccine development targeting biofilms. EXPERT OPINION Previous and ongoing research provides evidence that vaccine formulation with antigens derived from biofilms is a promising approach to prevent infectious diseases and can enhance the protective efficacy of existing vaccines. Therefore, research focusing on the identification of biofilm-derived antigens merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Loera-Muro
- CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Alma Guerrero-Barrera
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, AGS, México
| | - Yannick Tremblay D N
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Skander Hathroubi
- Cluster of Excellence "Matters of Activity.Image Space Material", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Liden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.,Institüt Für Biologie/Mikrobiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, México
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11
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Blötz C, Singh N, Dumke R, Stülke J. Characterization of an Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (IbpM) From Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:685. [PMID: 32373096 PMCID: PMC7176901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many ways to invade, colonize and survive in the host tissue. Such complex infection strategies of other bacteria are not present in the cell-wall less Mycoplasmas. Due to their strongly reduced genomes, these bacteria have only a minimal metabolism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium using its virulence repertoire very efficiently, infecting the human lung. M. pneumoniae can cause a variety of conditions including fever, inflammation, atypical pneumoniae, and even death. Due to its strongly reduced metabolism, M. pneumoniae is dependent on nutrients from the host and aims to persist as long as possible, resulting in chronic diseases. Mycoplasmas evolved strategies to subvert the host immune system which involve proteins fending off immunoglobulins (Igs). In this study, we investigated the role of MPN400 as the putative factor responsible for Ig-binding and host immune evasion. MPN400 is a cell-surface localized protein which binds strongly to human IgG, IgA, and IgM. We therefore named the protein MPN400 immunoglobulin binding protein of Mycoplasma (IbpM). A strain devoid of IbpM is slightly compromised in cytotoxicity. Taken together, our study indicates that M. pneumoniae uses a refined mechanism for immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Blötz
- Department of General Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Neil Singh
- Department of General Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roger Dumke
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Department of General Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of Mycoplasma bovis NM-28 strain from two generations for vaccine screening. Vaccine 2019; 38:549-561. [PMID: 31740094 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogenic bacterium affecting cows and cattle. Clinically, an inactivated vaccine of M. bovis is mainly used to prevent infection by this bacterium. The changes that occur in the antigen when M. bovis is continuously passaged in vitro remain unknown. Therefore, we performed an in vitro serial passage of the M. bovis NM-28 strain, which was isolated and identified in our laboratory. An isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics method was used to analyse the differences between generations 3 and 60. Many major membrane proteins or protective antigens reported in the literature did not exhibit changes between these generations. We found an imbalance between growth rate and nutrition in the 60th generation. The proteomics results were verified by western blotting and real-time PCR. Growth curves were also prepared based on colony-forming units (CFUs) between the 3rd and 60th generations. The number of colonies in the 60th generation in the stationary phase was 5 × 109 CFU mL-1, which was 10-fold higher than that in the 3rd generation. The 60th generation of the NM-28 strain can be used as an inactivated vaccine strain of M. bovis to lower production costs compared to use of the 3rd generation.
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13
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Maunsell FP, Chase C. Mycoplasma bovis: Interactions with the Immune System and Failure to Generate an Effective Immune Response. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:471-483. [PMID: 31590898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host responses are often ineffective at clearing Mycoplasma bovis infection and may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. M bovis possesses a surprisingly large repertoire of strategies to evade and modulate host responses. Unopsonized M bovis impairs phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and macrophages. Apoptosis of neutrophils and lymphocytes is enhanced, whereas it is delayed in macrophages. Both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines are stimulated during M bovis infection depending on the cell type and location, and overall systemic responses tend to have a T-helper 2 bias. M bovis reduces proliferation of T cells and, in chronic infection, causes T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Christopher Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, PO Box 2175, SAR Room 125 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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14
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Wen J, Zhang J, Hao Y. The status of
Mycoplasma bovis
infection in clinical mastitis cases in China. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease Ministry of Agriculture Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010081 China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease Ministry of Agriculture Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010081 China
| | - Yongqing Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease Ministry of Agriculture Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010081 China
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15
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Mycoplasma dispar Provides Insights into Putative Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Relationships. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:317-325. [PMID: 30573467 PMCID: PMC6385981 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma dispar is an important pathogen involved in bovine respiratory disease, which causes huge economic losses worldwide. Our knowledge regarding the genomics, pathogenic mechanisms, and genetics of M. dispar is rather limited. In this study, the complete genome of M. dispar GS01 strain was sequenced using PacBio SMRT technology and first genome-wide analyzed. M. dispar GS01 has a single circular chromosome of 1,065,810 bp encoding 825 predicted proteins. Twenty-three potential virulence genes and two pathogenicity islands were identified in M. dispar This pathogen was cytopathogenic, could form prolific biofilms, and could produce a large amount of H2O2 Methylation analysis revealed adenine and cytosine methylation across the genome and 13 distinct nucleotide motifs. Comparative analysis showed a high collinearity relationship between M. dispar GS01 and type strain ATCC 27140. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. dispar is genetically close to M. flocculare and M. hyopneumoniae The data presented in this study will aid further study on the pathogenic mechanisms and evolution of M. dispar.
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16
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Shi Y, Yue T, Zhang Y, Wei J, Yuan Y. Surface Immunoproteomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3032. [PMID: 30564227 PMCID: PMC6288362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a major putrefying bacterium that can cause pecuniary losses in the global juice industry. Current detection approaches are time-consuming and exhibit reduced specificity and sensitivity. In this study, an immunoproteomic approach was utilized to identify specific biomarkers from A. acidoterrestris for the development of new detection methods. Cell surface-associated proteins were extracted and separated by 2-D (two-dimensional) gel electrophoresis. Immunogenic proteins were detected by Western blot analysis using antisera against A. acidoterrestris. Twenty-two protein spots exhibiting immunogenicity were excised and eighteen of the associated spots were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). These proteins were observed to be involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism, transmembrane transport, response to oxidative stress, polypeptide biosynthesis, and molecule binding activity. This is the first report detailing the identification of cell surface-associated antigens of A. acidoterrestris. The identified immunogenic proteins could serve as potential targets for the development of novel detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Yipei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
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17
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Rani A, Babu S. Environmental proteomic studies: closer step to understand bacterial biofilms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:120. [PMID: 30022302 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in proteome analytical techniques and the development of protein databases have been helping to understand the physiology and subtle molecular mechanisms behind biofilm formation in bacteria. This review is to highlight how the evolving proteomic approaches have revealed fundamental molecular processes underlying the formation and regulation of bacterial biofilms. Based on the survey of research reports available on differential expression of proteins in biofilms of bacterial from wide range of environments, four important cellular processes viz. metabolism, motility, transport and stress response that contribute to formation of bacterial biofilms are discussed. This review might answer how proteins related to these cellular processes contribute significantly in stabilizing biofilms of different bacteria in diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Rani
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Subramanian Babu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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