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Ma X, La Y, Yang G, Dai R, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jin J, Ma X, Guo X, Chu M, Yan P, Zhang Q, Liang C. Multi-omics revealed the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microbiota and metabolites in yaks under house-feeding conditions. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1309535. [PMID: 38264487 PMCID: PMC10803511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique large ruminant species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Changing the energy levels of their rations can significantly improve their growth performance. Therefore, studying the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microflora and metabolites of yak is crucial for enhancing the development of the yak industry. Currently, there is a lack of understanding regarding the impact of feeding energy diets on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial functions, and metabolites. This study was designed to determine the appropriate energy level for feeding yak. Three test diets with metabolizable energy levels of 7.57 MJ/kg, 9.44 MJ/kg, and 11.9 MJ/kg were used and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid was measured. The microbial communities, functions, and metabolites in yaks were studied by 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenome, and LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the relationships among rumen fermentation parameters, microbial diversity, and metabolites. Ration energy levels significantly affect total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, iso-valerate, valerate, and acetate/propionate (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the dominant phyla in all three treatment groups were Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, the abundance of the unclassified_o__Bacteroidales, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Family _XIII_AD3011_group showed significant differences (p < 0.05) and were significantly correlated with differential metabolites screened for phosphatidylcholine [PC(16:0/0:0), PC(18:3/0:0)], uridine 3'-monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate, etc. CAZymes family analysis showed that GHs and CEs differed significantly among the three groups. In addition, differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and the concentrations of differential metabolites were correlated with microbial abundance. In summary, this study analyzed the effects of ration energy levels on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of yaks and their relationships. The results provided a scientific basis for the selection of dietary energy for yaks in the house feeding period in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guowu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Gansu Grassland Technical Extension Station, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Jin
- Gansu Grassland Technical Extension Station, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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Du S, Bu Z, You S, Bao J, Jia Y. Diversity of growth performance and rumen microbiota vary with feed types. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1004373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a major factor in influencing the growth performance and the microbial community of lambs. This study aimed to investigate how diverse diets influence their growth performance and rumen microbiota. Ninety male lambs were randomly allocated into three groups in a completely randomized design with equal lambs: non-pelleted native grass hay (HA) as the control diet and pelleted native grass hay (GP) and pelleted native grass hay with concentrate (GPC) as experimental diets. The rumen fluid samples of the lambs in the HA, GP, and GPC groups were used to study rumen microbiota diversity through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. In the present study, the final body weight, dry matter intake, and average daily gain differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the HA, GP, and GPC groups. Compared to the HA group, higher final body weight, dry matter intake, and average daily gain were found in the GP group. Similarly, better animal performance was observed in the GPC group than in the GP group. The principal coordinates analysis displayed that the composition of the rumen microbiota in the three groups was distinctly separated from each other. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant members of the community in the HA and GP groups, while Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria became the predominant members in the GPC group. The comparison among these groups showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotella_1, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, and Succiniclasticum. These results suggest that the GP and GPC diets are more beneficial for growth performance than the HA diet and also indicate that the rumen microbiota varied in response to different feed types. In conclusion, these results could provide strategies to influence rumen microbiota for better growth and a healthier ecosystem on the Mongolian Plateau and lay the theoretical groundwork for feeding the pelleted native grass diet.
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Haddad L, Francis J, Rizk T, Akoka S, Remaud GS, Bejjani J. Cheese characterization and authentication through lipid biomarkers obtained by high-resolution 1H NMR profiling. Food Chem 2022; 383:132434. [PMID: 35183958 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food quality and safety are at the heart of consumers' concerns across the world. Dairy products, because of their large consumption, are fertile ground for fraudulent acts. This fact justifies the development of effective, accessible, and rapid analytical methods for their authentication. A high-resolution spectral treatment method previously developed by our team was applied to 1H NMR spectra of cheese triacylglycerols. 178 Peaks were thus quantitated and successfully used in the construction of multivariate models for the quantitation of individual fatty acids and for the classification of cheese samples according to the producing species, to their origin and variety. Besides, several peaks related to the amount and position of anteisopentadecanoic, butyric, α-linolenic, myristoleic, rumenic, and vaccenic acids were, among others, specific biomarkers of cheese groups. For the first time in 1H NMR, we were able to identify and to quantitate signals related to minor fatty acids within cheese triacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Haddad
- Laboratory of Metrology and Isotopic Fractionation, Research Unit: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Faculty of Science, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Joseph Francis
- Laboratory of Metrology and Isotopic Fractionation, Research Unit: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Faculty of Science, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Toufic Rizk
- Laboratory of Metrology and Isotopic Fractionation, Research Unit: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Faculty of Science, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Serge Akoka
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Joseph Bejjani
- Laboratory of Metrology and Isotopic Fractionation, Research Unit: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Faculty of Science, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
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Effect of pelleted alfalfa or native grass total mixed ration on the rumen bacterial community and growth performance of lambs on the Mongolian Plateau. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Xin H, Khan NA, Liu X, Jiang X, Sun F, Zhang S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Li X. Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis, and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in vitro. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733352. [PMID: 34631768 PMCID: PMC8492898 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA), including pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (iso-C15:0), 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15:0), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (iso-C17:0), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17:0) during in vitro fermentation of pure carbohydrates mixtures in the buffer-rumen fluid. The second objective was to correlate the changes in the OBCFA profile to the corresponding changes in ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. Five pure carbohydrates mixtures containing different cellulose: starch (C:S) ratios, i.e., 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, were incubated for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h in vitro. The results showed that there was significant interaction (P < 0.05) between C:S and incubation time for changes in all OBCFA profiles, except iso-C17:0. The highest concentration of total OBCFA (3.94 mg/g dry matter; DM) was observed in the residues after 24 h of fermentation when the C:S was 0:100, while the lowest concentration of OBCFA (1.65 mg/g DM) was produced after 6 h of incubation when the C:S was 50:50. The correlation analysis revealed that the concentration of iso-C16:0 might be a potential marker for the estimation of total volatile fatty acids (ρ = 0.78) and MCP synthesis (ρ = 0.82) in the rumen. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had stronger correlations with OBCFA concentrations, and the strongest correlation was found between the population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Notably, this is the first paper reporting relationship between OBCFA with rumen fermentation products and microbial protein synthesis based on fermentation of pure carbohydrates mixtures in vitro, and thus avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence in the in vivo studies. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangshu Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Wellhope Feed Company Limited, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Ruminant Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | - Yukun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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The Effect of Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio on Schizochytrium spp.-Supplemented Goats: Modifying Rumen Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092746. [PMID: 34573711 PMCID: PMC8466047 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The in-depth understanding of rumen functions would be the greatest achievement of animal nutritionists. Hence, plenty of feed additives and various nutritional techniques are studied in modifying and understand the rumen habitat. In our study, we investigated the effect of alteration of the forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio in goats supplemented with the microalgae Schizochytrium spp. on rumen microbiota communities and enzymatic activity. Our results suggested that even though specific microbes’ abundance was altered, their corresponding enzymatic potential did not follow the same trend. Nonetheless, principal ruminal functions such as ammonia accumulation, fibrolytic activity, and degradation rate of specific fatty acids were also modified due to dietary intervention. Abstract The inclusion of feed additives and the implementation of various nutritional strategies are studied to modify the rumen microbiome and consequently its function. Nevertheless, rumen enzymatic activity and its intermediate products are not always matched with the microbiome structure. To further elucidate such differences a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20HF n = 11; high forage and 20HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g Schizochytrium spp./goat/day. The 20HF group consumed a diet with a forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio of 60:40 and the 20HG-diet consisted of a F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of Schizochytrium spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40HF n = 11; high forage and 40HG n = 11; high grain). By utilizing a next-generation sequencing technology, we monitored that the high microalgae inclusion level and foremost in combination with a high grains diet increased the unmapped bacteria within the rumen. Bacteroidetes and Prevotella brevis were increased in the 40HG -fed goats as observed by using a qPCR platform. Additionally, methanogens and Methanomassiliicoccales were increased in high microalgae-fed goats, while Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacteriales were decreased. Fibrolytic bacteria were decreased in high microalgae-fed goats, while cellulolytic activity was increased. Ammonia was decreased in high grains-fed goats, while docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids showed a lower degradation rate in the rumen of high forage-fed goats. The alteration of the F:C ratio in goats supplemented with Schizochytrium spp. levels modified both ruminal microbiota and enzymatic activity. However, there was no significant consistency in the relations between them.
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7
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Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.01908-20. [PMID: 33097510 PMCID: PMC7783353 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01908-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) plays an important role in alleviating the negative energy balance of dairy cows. This study used a combination of rumen microbes 16S and metabolomics to elucidate the changes of rumen microbial composition and rumen metabolites of different doses of RPG's rumen degradation part in early-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to control (CON), low-RPG (LRPG), medium-RPG (MRPG), or high-RPG (HRPG) groups in a randomized block design. The cows were fed a basal total mixed ration diet with 0, 200, 350, and 500 g of RPG per cow per day, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MRPG supplementation increased bacterial richness and diversity, including increasing the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008 MRPG significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Ruminal fluid metabolomics analysis showed that RPG supplementation could significantly regulate the synthesis of amino acids digested by protozoa in the rumen. Correlation analysis of the ruminal microbiome and metabolome revealed some potential relationships between major bacterial abundance and metabolite concentrations. Our analysis found that RPG supplementation of different doses can change the diversity of microorganisms in the rumen and affect the rumen fermentation pattern and microbial metabolism and that a daily supplement of 350 g of RPG might be the ideal dose.IMPORTANCE Dairy cows in early lactation are prone to a negative energy balance because their dry matter intake cannot meet the energy requirements of lactation. Rumen-protected glucose is used as an effective feed additive to alleviate the negative energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. However, one thing that is overlooked is that people often think that rumen-protected glucose is not degraded in the rumen, thus ignoring its impact on the microorganisms in the rumen environment. Our investigation and previous experiments have found that rumen-protected glucose is partially degraded in the rumen. However, there are few reports on this subject. Therefore, we conducted research on this problem and found that rumen-protected glucose supplementation at 350 g/day can promote the development and metabolism of rumen flora. This provides a theoretical basis for the extensive application of rumen bypass glucose at a later stage.
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8
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Li YQ, Xi YM, Wang ZD, Zeng HF, Han Z. Combined signature of rumen microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows with different feed intake levels. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5788440. [PMID: 32141506 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed intake is a major factor in maintaining the balance between ruminal fermentation and the microbial community of dairy cows. To explore the relationship among feed intake, microbial metabolism, and ruminal fermentation, we examined the combined signatures of the microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows with different feed intake levels. Eighteen dairy cows were allocated to high feed intake (HFI), medium feed intake (MFI), and low feed intake (LFI) groups according to their average daily feed intake. 16S rDNA sequencing results revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HFI group was significantly higher than that in the MFI and LFI groups (P < 0.05). The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was significantly lower in the HFI group than in the MFI and LFI groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Veillonellaceae_unclassified, and Saccharofermentants was significantly higher in the HFI group than in the LFI and MFI groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified and Butyrivibrio was significantly higher in the HFI group than in the MFI and LFI groups (P < 0.05). Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed five key pathways, including the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, which are closely related to energy and amino acid metabolism. Linoleic acid, glutamate, alpha-linolenic acid, l-methionine, and l-valine levels were significantly lower in the HFI group than in the MFI and LFI groups (q < 0.05), while the relative content of glutamate was significantly lower in the MFI group than in the LFI group (q < 0.05). Stearic acid content was significantly higher in the HFI group than in the LFI group (q < 0.05). Our findings provide insight into the rumen microbiome of dairy cows with different feed intake and the metabolic pathways closely associated with feed intake in early-lactating cows. The candidates involved in these metabolic pathways may be useful for identifying variations in feed intake. The signatures of the rumen microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows may help make decisions regarding feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Q Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumeng M Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zedong D Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanfang F Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Yang C, Tsedan G, Liu Y, Hou F. Shrub coverage alters the rumen bacterial community of yaks ( Bos grunniens) grazing in alpine meadows. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:504-520. [PMID: 32803183 PMCID: PMC7416157 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.4.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of shrubs at the expense of native forage in pastures has been
associated with large changes in dry-matter intake and dietary components for
grazing ruminants. These changes can also affect the animals’ physiology
and metabolism. However, little information is available concerning the effect
of pastoral-shrub grazing on the rumen bacterial community. To explore rumen
bacteria composition in grazing yaks and the response of rumen bacteria to
increasing shrub coverage in alpine meadows, 48 yak steers were randomly
assigned to four pastures with shrub coverage of 0%, 5.4%, 11.3%, and 20.1%
(referred as control, low, middle, and high, respectively), and ruminal fluid
was collected from four yaks from each pasture group after 85 days. Rumen
fermentation products were measured and microbiota composition determined using
Ion S5TM XL sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinates
analysis (PCoA) and similarity analysis indicated that the degree of shrub
coverage correlated with altered rumen bacterial composition of yaks grazing in
alpine shrub meadows. At the phyla level, the relative abundance of
Firmicutes in rumen increased with increasing shrub
coverage, whereas the proportions of Bacteroidetes,
Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia
decreased. Yaks grazing in the high shrub-coverage pasture had decreased species
of the genus Prevotellaceae UCG-001,
Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group,
Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group,
Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group and
Fretibacterium, but increased species of
Christensenellaceae R-7 group,
Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group,
Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002,
Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and
Lachnospiraceae UCG-008. These variations can enhance the
animals’ utilization efficiencies of cellulose and hemicellulose from
native forage. Meanwhile, yaks grazed in the high shrub-coverage pasture had
increased concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and
branched-chain volatile fatty acids (isobutyrate and isovalerate) in rumen
compared with yaks grazing in the pasture without shrubs. These results indicate
that yaks grazing in a high shrub-coverage pasture may have improved dietary
energy utilization and enhanced resistance to cold stress during the winter. Our
findings provide evidence for the influence of shrub coverage on the rumen
bacterial community of yaks grazing in alpine meadows as well as insights into
the sustainable production of grazing yaks on lands with increasing shrub
coverage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Guru Tsedan
- Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Maqu County, Gannan 743000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Firkins JL, Yu Z, Park T, Plank JE. Extending Burk Dehority's Perspectives on the Role of Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32184759 PMCID: PMC7058926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dr. Burk Dehority was an international expert on the classification and monoculture of ruminal ciliated protozoa. We have summarized many of the advancements in knowledge from his work but also in his scientific way of thinking about interactions of ruminal ciliates with the entire rumen microbial community and animal host. As a dedication to his legacy, an electronic library of high-resolution images and video footage catalogs numerous species and techniques involved in taxonomy, isolation, culture, and ecological assessment of ruminal ciliate species and communities. Considerable promise remains to adapt these landmark approaches to harness eukaryotic cell signaling technology with genomics and transcriptomics to assess cellular mechanisms regulating growth and responsiveness to ruminal environmental conditions. These technologies can be adapted to study how protozoa interact (both antagonism and mutualism) within the entire ruminal microbiota. Thus, advancements and limitations in approaches used are highlighted such that future research questions can be posed to study rumen protozoal contribution to ruminant nutrition and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Johanna E Plank
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Qiu Q, Gao C, Aziz ur Rahman M, Cao B, Su H. Digestive Ability, Physiological Characteristics, and Rumen Bacterial Community of Holstein Finishing Steers in Response to Three Nutrient Density Diets as Fattening Phases Advanced. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030335. [PMID: 32120877 PMCID: PMC7142484 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to track the dynamic alterations in nutrient intake and digestion, rumen fermentation and plasma metabolic characteristics, and rumen bacterial community of Holstein finishing steers in response to three nutrient density diets as fattening phases advanced. A total of eighteen Holstein steers were randomly allocated into three nutrient density groups and steers in each group were fed under a three-phase fattening strategy, with nutrient density increased in each group when fattening phase advanced. Results showed that both fattening phase and dietary nutrient density significantly influenced the nutrient digestion, most of the rumen fermentation parameters, and part of bacteria at phylum and genus levels. Individually, dietary nutrient density affected the concentrations of plasma alanine aminotransferase and urea N, bacterial richness and evenness. All determined nutrient intake and plasma biochemical parameters, except for alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride, differed among fattening phases. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between fiber intake and bacterial richness and evenness, rumen fermentation characteristics and certain bacteria. Moreover, Patescibacteria abundance was positively correlated with ambient temperature and plasma total protein. These results indicate that rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion were influenced by both dietary nutrient density and fattening phase, and these influences were regulated by certain rumen bacterial community and ruminal bacteria may be affected simultaneously by ambient temperature. This study may provide insights into diet optimization and potentially adaptive mechanism of rumen bacterial community in response to fattening phases and gradually climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Q.)
| | - Chaoyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 35200, Pakistan
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Q.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-010-62733850 (B.C.); +86-010-62814346 (H.S.)
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Q.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-010-62733850 (B.C.); +86-010-62814346 (H.S.)
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Liu C, Wu H, Liu S, Chai S, Meng Q, Zhou Z. Dynamic Alterations in Yak Rumen Bacteria Community and Metabolome Characteristics in Response to Feed Type. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1116. [PMID: 31191470 PMCID: PMC6538947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge about the relationships between ruminal bacterial communities and metabolite profiles in the yak rumen is limited. This is due to differences in the nutritional and metabolic features between yak and other ordinary cattle combined with difficulties associated with farm-based research and a lack of technical guidance. A comprehensive analysis of the composition and alterations in ruminal metabolites is required to advance the development of modern yak husbandry. In the current study, we characterized the effect of feed type on the ruminal fluid microbiota and metabolites in yak using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the yak rumen. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Ruminococcaceae UCG-011, Bacteroidales RF16 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the forage group compared to that in the concentrate group, while the concentrate group harbored higher proportions of Bacteroidales S24-7 group, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus 2. Yak rumen metabolomics analysis combined with enrichment analysis revealed that feed type altered the concentrations of ruminal metabolites as well as the metabolic pattern, and significantly (P < 0.01) affected the concentrations of ruminal metabolites involved in protein digestion and absorption (e.g., L-arginine, ornithine, L-threonine, L-proline and β-alanine), purine metabolism (e.g., xanthine, hypoxanthine, deoxyadenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphate) and fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g., stearic acid, myristic acid and arachidonic acid). Correlation analysis of the association of microorganisms with metabolite features provides us with a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of microbial communities. Associations between utilization or production were widely identified between affected microbiota and certain metabolites, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhenming Zhou
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