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Al-Hasani F, El-Zaiat HM, Al-Kharousi K, Rahman MS, Al-Khalili M, Al-Habsi N. Assessing the efficacy of date-pits holocellulose as a novel additive candidate for ruminant feeding. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:229. [PMID: 39096346 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Holocellulose (HC) fraction extracted from date-pits was evaluated as a novel feed additive for ruminant feeding. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the HC additive on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, and diet degradability over 24 h of in vitro incubation. Three independent incubation trials were conducted over three consecutive weeks, employing the same in vitro methodology to assess four treatment doses in a completely randomized design. The experimental diet incorporated four increasing doses of HC, containing HC at 0 (HC0), 10 (HC10), 20 (HC20), and 30 (HC30) g/kg dry matter (DM). In vitro gas production (GP) and CH4 production, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration, protozoa accounts, degraded organic matter (DOM), metabolizable and net energy (ME and NE), and hydrogen (H2) estimates were measured. No significant differences in ruminal pH were observed as the HC doses gradually increased. All incremental doses of HC additive over 24 h resulted in a linear increase in GP (P < 0.001), DOM (P < 0.001), total VFAs (P = 0.011), and propionate (P < 0.001) concentrations, as well as estimated energy (ME and NE) (P < 0.05) and microbial protein (P = 0.017) values. However, the inclusion of increasing doses of HC in the diet displayed linear reductions in the net CH4 production (ml/kg DOM; P = 0.002), protozoa abundance (P = 0.027); acetate (P = 0.029), and butyrate (P < 0.001) concentrations, the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P < 0.001), and the estimated net H2 production concentration (P = 0.049). Thus, the use of date-pits HC additive generated positive ruminal fermentability, including increased total VFAs and a reduction in the acetate-to-propionate ratio, leading to decreased CH4 output over 24 h of in vitro incubation. Hence, HC could be considered a potent feed additive (at up to 30 g/kg DM), demonstrating promising CH4-mitigating competency and thereby enhancing energy-use efficiency in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Al-Hasani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, P. O. Code,123, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hani M El-Zaiat
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Code 123, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Code 123, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammad Shafur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, P. O. Code,123, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maha Al-Khalili
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, P. O. Code,123, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nasser Al-Habsi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, P. O. Code,123, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman
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Ahmed MG, Elwakeel EA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Al-Sagheer AA. Environmental impact of phytobiotic additives on greenhouse gas emission reduction, rumen fermentation manipulation, and performance in ruminants: an updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37943-37962. [PMID: 38772996 PMCID: PMC11189335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal fermentation is a natural process involving beneficial microorganisms that contribute to the production of valuable products and efficient nutrient conversion. However, it also leads to the emission of greenhouse gases, which have detrimental effects on the environment and animal productivity. Phytobiotic additives have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges, offering benefits in terms of rumen fermentation modulation, pollution reduction, and improved animal health and performance. This updated review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific benefits of phytobiotic additives in ruminant nutrition by summarizing existing studies. Phytobiotic additives, rich in secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, have demonstrated biological properties that positively influence rumen fermentation and enhance animal health and productivity. These additives contribute to environmental protection by effectively reducing nitrogen excretion and methane emissions from ruminants. Furthermore, they inhibit microbial respiration and nitrification in soil, thereby minimizing nitrous oxide emissions. In addition to their environmental impact, phytobiotic additives improve rumen manipulation, leading to increased ruminant productivity and improved quality of animal products. Their multifaceted properties, including anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, further contribute to the health and well-being of both animals and humans. The potential synergistic effects of combining phytobiotic additives with probiotics are also explored, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, phytobiotic additives show great promise as sustainable and effective solutions for improving ruminant nutrition and addressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Nadi El-Said, Giza, 11622, Egypt
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Gunun N, Kaewpila C, Khota W, Kimprasit T, Cherdthong A, Gunun P. The effect of supplementation with rubber seed kernel pellet on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profiles in swamp buffalo. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:177. [PMID: 38711036 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubber seed kernel is a by-product derived from rubber tree plantations. It is rich in C18 unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and has the potential to be used as a protein source for ruminant diets. This investigation has been conducted to determine the influence of rubber seed kernel pellet (RUSKEP) supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profiles in swamp buffalo. Using a completely randomized design (CRD) and supplementation of RUSKEP at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% dry matter (DM) of substrate. RESULTS The supplementation with RUSKEP had no effect on gas kinetics, cumulative gas production, or degradability. Ruminal pH decreased linearly (P < 0.01) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) by RUSKEP supplementation. The proportion of acetate (C2) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), but propionate (C3) and butyrate (C4) increased linearly (P < 0.01), resulting in a decrease in the acetate to propionate ratio (C2:C3) (P < 0.01) by RUSKEP supplementation. With an increasing level of dietary RUSKEP, there was a slight increase in UFA in the rumen by increasing the oleic acid (OA; C18:1 cis-9 + trans-9), linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 cis-9,12 + trans-9,12), and α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3 cis-9,12,15) concentrations (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adding up to 10% of RUSKEP could improve in vitro rumen fermentation and C18 unsaturated fatty acids, especially ALA, in swamp buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirawan Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kaewpila
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand
| | - Waroon Khota
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand
| | - Thachawech Kimprasit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol Univerisity, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pongsatorn Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand.
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Joyce SA, Clarke DJ. Microbial metabolites as modulators of host physiology. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 84:83-133. [PMID: 38821635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognised as a key player in influencing human health and changes in the gut microbiota have been strongly linked with many non-communicable conditions in humans such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, characterising the molecular mechanisms that underpin these associations remains an important challenge for researchers. The gut microbiota is a complex microbial community that acts as a metabolic interface to transform ingested food (and other xenobiotics) into metabolites that are detected in the host faeces, urine and blood. Many of these metabolites are only produced by microbes and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that these microbe-specific metabolites do act as effectors to influence human physiology. For example, the gut microbiota can digest dietary complex polysaccharides (such as fibre) into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate that have a pervasive role in host physiology from nutrition to immune function. In this review we will outline our current understanding of the role of some key microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, indole and bile acids, in human health. Whilst many studies linking microbial metabolites with human health are correlative we will try to highlight examples where genetic evidence is available to support a specific role for a microbial metabolite in host health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Rabee AE, Askar AR. Composition of the rumen archaeal community of growing camels fed different concentrate levels. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00459-6. [PMID: 38057458 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the rumen fermentation and methanogenic community in camels fed intensively is critical for optimizing rumen fermentation, improving feed efficiency, and lowering methane emissions. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR, and high-performance liquid chromatography, this study evaluates the influence of different concentrate supplement levels in the diet on rumen fermentation as well as the diversity and structure of the rumen methanogenic community for growing dromedary camels. Twelve growing camels were divided into three groups and given three levels of concentrate supplement, 0.7% (C1), 1% (C2), and 1.3% (C3) based on their body weight. All animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum. The levels of total volatile fatty acid, rumen ammonia, and methanogen copy number were unaffected by the supplementation level. Increasing the concentrate supplement level increased the proportion of propionic acid while decreasing the proportion of acetic acid. Increasing the level of concentrate in the diet had no effect on alpha diversity metrics or beta diversity of rumen methanogens. Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera predominated the methanogenic community and were declined as concentrate supplement level increased. This study sheds new light on the effect of concentrate supplement level in growing camels' diet on rumen fermentation and methanogenic community, which could help in the development of a strategy that aimed to reduce methane emissions and enhance feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Askar
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
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Du T, Li P, Niu Q, Pu G, Wang B, Liu G, Li P, Niu P, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hou L, Hedemann MS, Zhao Q, Huang R. Effects of Varying Levels of Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Fiber Digestibility and Gut Microbiota in Erhualian and Large White Pigs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2474. [PMID: 37894132 PMCID: PMC10609096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the tolerance of a high-fiber diet in Erhualian pigs (Er-HL), the present investigation systematically investigated the ramifications of varying wheat bran fiber levels, specified as total dietary fiber (TDF) values of 14.07%, 16.32%, 17.99%, and 18.85%, on growth performance, fiber digestibility and gut microbiota in Er-HL, large Large White pigs (L-LW, the same physiological stage as the Er-HL) and small Large White pigs (S-LW, the same body weight as the Er-HL). Our results revealed that fiber levels exerted no discernable impact on growth performance (average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain (ADG)) of Er-HL (p > 0.05). Conversely, L-LW exhibited a decrease in ADFI and ADG with increasing fiber levels (p < 0.05). Notably, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various fiber components, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, TDF and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), in Er-HL were significantly higher than those in S-LW and L-LW irrespective of diets (p < 0.05). The ATTD of cellulose and hemicellulose in Er-HL significantly decreased with increasing fiber levels (p < 0.05), yet remained statistically indifferent when comparing the 7%-wheat-bran-replaced diet (7% WRB, TDF 16.32%) to the basal diet (TDF 14.07%) (p > 0.05). The cecal microbiota of Er-HL had higher richness estimators (Chao1 and ACE) than those of S-LW and L-LW irrespective of diets (p < 0.01). Breed serves as a pivotal determinant in shaping swine gut microbiota. Thirteen genera were selected as the key bacteria related to high fiber digestibility of Er-HL. Further functional examination of these key genera elucidated an enrichment of pathways pertinent to carbohydrate metabolism in Er-HL samples compared with S-LW and L-LW samples. In summary, Er-HL exhibited high-fiber tolerance both in terms of growth performance and fiber digestibility compared with Large White pigs. Specifically, the ATTD of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, IDF and TDF were significantly higher in Er-HL compared with L-LW and S-LW, irrespective of diets. Fiber level exerted no discernable impact on growth performance (ADFI, ADG) and the ATTD of fiber (NDF, ADF, IDF and TDF) in Er-HL. The optimum fiber level of the Er-HL was identified as 7% WRB (TDF 16.32%). Thirteen genera were ascertained to significantly contribute to high fiber digestibility of Er-HL, correlating with an enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Guang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Gensheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Peipei Niu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Zongping Zhang
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Chengwu Wu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | | | - Qingbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
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Khiaosa-Ard R, Mahmood M, Mickdam E, Pacífico C, Meixner J, Traintinger LS. Winery by-products as a feed source with functional properties: dose-response effect of grape pomace, grape seed meal, and grape seed extract on rumen microbial community and their fermentation activity in RUSITEC. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:92. [PMID: 37424021 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape and winery by-products have nutritional values for cattle and also contain functional compounds like phenols, which not only bind to protein but can also directly affect microbiota and their function in the rumen. We characterized the nutritional and functional effects of grape seed meal and grape pomace as well as an effective dosage of grape phenols on ruminal microbiota and fermentation characteristics using a rumen simulation technique. RESULTS Six diets (each n = 8) were compared including a control diet (CON, no by-product), a positive control diet (EXT, CON + 3.7% grape seed extract on a dry matter (DM) basis), two diets with grape seed meal at 5% (GS-low) and 10% (GS-high), and two diets with grape pomace: at 10% (GP-low) and 20% (GP-high), on a DM basis. The inclusion of the by-product supplied total phenols at 3.4%, 0.7%, 1.4%, 1.3%, and 2.7% of diet DM for EXT, GS-low, GS-high, GP-low, and GP-high, respectively. Diets were tested in four experimental runs. All treatments decreased ammonia concentrations and the disappearances of DM and OM (P < 0.05) compared to CON. EXT and GP-high lowered butyrate and odd- and branch-chain short-chain fatty acids while increased acetate compared to CON (P < 0.05). Treatments did not affect methane formation. EXT decreased the abundance of many bacterial genera including those belonging to the core microbiota. GP-high and EXT consistently decreased Olsenella and Anaerotipes while increased Ruminobacter abundances. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the inclusion of winery by-products or grape seed extract could be an option for reducing excessive ammonia production. Exposure to grape phenols at a high dosage in an extract form can alter the rumen microbial community. This, however, does not necessarily alter the effect of grape phenols on the microbial community function compared to feeding high levels of winery by-products. This suggests the dominant role of dosage over the form or source of the grape phenols in affecting ruminal microbial activity. In conclusion, supplementing grape phenols at about 3% of diet DM is an effective dosage tolerable to ruminal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mubarik Mahmood
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Animal Nutrition Section, Department of Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 12 Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Mickdam
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Cátia Pacífico
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Present address: Biome Diagnostics GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Meixner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura-Sophie Traintinger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Khurana R, Brand T, Tapio I, Bayat AR. Effect of a garlic and citrus extract supplement on performance, rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00273-4. [PMID: 37225588 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of a garlic and citrus extract supplement (GCE) on the performance, rumen fermentation, methane emissions, and rumen microbiome of dairy cows. Fourteen multiparous Nordic Red cows in mid-lactation from the research herd of Luke (Jokioinen, Finland) were allocated to 7 blocks in a complete randomized block design based on body weight, days in milk, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield. Animals within each block were randomly allocated to a diet with or without GCE. The experimental period for each block of cows (one for each of the control and GCE groups) consisted of 14 d of adaptation followed by 4 d of methane measurements inside the open circuit respiration chambers, with the first day being considered as acclimatization. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Methane production (g/d) and methane intensity (g/kg of energy-corrected milk) were lower by 10.3 and 11.7%, respectively, and methane yield (g/kg of DMI) tended to be lower by 9.7% in cows fed GCE compared with the control. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition were similar between treatments. Rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid were similar, whereas GCE tended to increase molar propionate concentration and decrease the molar ratio of acetate to propionate. Supplementation with GCE resulted in greater abundance of Succinivibrionaceae, which was associated with reduced methane. The relative abundance of the strict anaerobic Methanobrevibacter genus was reduced by GCE. The change in microbial community and rumen propionate proportion may explain the decrease in enteric methane emissions. In conclusion, feeding GCE to dairy cows for 18 d modified rumen fermentation and microbiota, leading to reduced methane production and intensity without compromising DMI or milk production in dairy cows. This could be an effective strategy for enteric methane mitigation of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilma Tapio
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen 31600, Finland
| | - Ali-Reza Bayat
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen 31600, Finland
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Wang K, Xiong B, Zhao X. Could propionate formation be used to reduce enteric methane emission in ruminants? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158867. [PMID: 36122712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for meat and milk, the livestock industry has to increase its production. Without improving its efficiency, increased livestock, especially ruminant animals, will worsen the environmental damage, mainly from enteric CH4 emission. Enteric CH4 emission from ruminants not only exacerbates the global greenhouse effect but also reduces feed energy efficiency for the animals. The rumen disposes of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) primarily through methanogenesis and propionate formation. Theoretically, redirecting [H] from methanogenesis to propionate formation to reduce CH4 production could be a promising method for reducing greenhouse gas emission from ruminants, and may also increase animal productivity. However, the feasibility of such a shifting has never been synthetically discussed. Thus, the objectives of this review are to provide a brief overview of the biochemical pathways for disposal of H2 in the rumen, to analyze current feeding strategies that potentially promote propionate formation and their effects on methanogenesis, and to deliberate the challenge and opportunity associated with propionate formation as a sink to store the [H] shifting from enteric CH4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Liu Z, Wang K, Nan X, Yang L, Wang Y, Zhang F, Cai M, Zhao Y, Xiong B. Effects of combined addition of 3-nitrooxypropanol and vitamin B12 on methane and propionate production in dairy cows by in vitro-simulated fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:219-232. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sari NF, Ray P, Rymer C, Kliem KE, Stergiadis S. Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds: Implications for Methane Emissions and Ruminant Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2998. [PMID: 36359121 PMCID: PMC9654579 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and has become a significant concern for global warming. Enteric methane emission is also associated with poor feed efficiency. Therefore, research has focused on identifying dietary mitigation strategies to decrease CH4 emissions from ruminants. In recent years, plant-derived bioactive compounds have been investigated for their potential to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock. The organosulphur compounds of garlic have been observed to decrease CH4 emission and increase propionate concentration in anaerobic fermentations (in vitro) and in the rumen (in vivo). However, the mode of action of CH4 reduction is not completely clear, and the response in vivo is inconsistent. It might be affected by variations in the concentration and effect of individual substances in garlic. The composition of the diet that is being fed to the animal may also contribute to these differences. This review provides a summary of the effect of garlic and its bioactive compounds on CH4 emissions by ruminants. Additionally, this review aims to provide insight into garlic and its bioactive compounds in terms of enteric CH4 mitigation efficacy, consistency in afficacy, possible mode of action, and safety deriving data from both in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Fitri Sari
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Partha Ray
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Caroline Rymer
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Kirsty E. Kliem
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
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Zhang Q, Guo T, Wang X, Zhang X, Geng Y, Liu H, Xu T, Hu L, Zhao N, Xu S. Rumen Microbiome Reveals the Differential Response of CO 2 and CH 4 Emissions of Yaks to Feeding Regimes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2991. [PMID: 36359115 PMCID: PMC9657323 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifts in feeding regimes are important factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock farming. However, the quantitative values and associated drivers of GHG emissions from yaks (Bos grunniens) following shifts in feeding regimes have yet to be fully described. In this study, we aimed to investigate CH4 and CO2 emissions differences of yaks under different feeding regimes and their potential microbial mechanisms. Using static breathing chamber and Picarro G2508 gas concentration analyzer, we measured the CO2 and CH4 emissions from yaks under traditional grazing (TG) and warm-grazing and cold-indoor feeding (WGCF) regimes. Microbial inventories from the ruminal fluid of the yaks were determined via Illumina 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Results showed that implementing the TG regime in yaks decreased their CO2 and CH4 emissions compared to the WGCF regime. The alpha diversity of ruminal archaeal community was higher in the TG regime than in the WGCF regime. The beta diversity showed that significant differences in the rumen microbial composition of the TG regime and the WGCF regime. Changes in the rumen microbiota of the yaks were driven by differences in dietary nutritional parameters. The relative abundances of the phyla Neocallimastigomycota and Euryarchaeota and the functional genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Orpinomyces, and Methanobrevibacter were significantly higher in the WGCF regime than in the TG regime. CO2 and CH4 emissions from yaks differed mainly because of the enrichment relationship of functional H2- and CO2-producing microorganisms, hydrogen-consuming microbiota, and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microbiota. Our results provided a view that it is ecologically important to develop GHG emissions reduction strategies for yaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on traditional grazing regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongqing Guo
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xungang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyue Geng
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
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Marshall C, Beck M, Garrett K, Castillo A, Barrell G, Al-Marashdeh O, Gregorini P. The effect of feeding a mix of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins to heifers on rumen fermentation patterns, blood urea nitrogen, and amino acid profile. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Responses of Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Communities to Vitamin B12 Supplementation in In Vitro Ruminal Cultures. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12, an important cofactor involved in propionate formation, is synthesized exclusively by bacteria and archaebacteria. Humans need to intake vitamin B12 through food, and dairy products are generally the best source of vitamin B12. In the present study, the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation in diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial communities were investigated to provide a reference for increasing the vitamin B12 content in milk by dietary supplementation. A completely randomized design was carried out using the in vitro rumen culture technique, and 5 vitamin B12 dose levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4 mg/g of dry matter) were used. The results showed that vitamin B12 supplementation in diets decreased acetate: propionate ratio and butyrate concentration. The change in the acetate: propionate ratio can be attributed to the increased relative abundances of the Proteobacteria phylum and the Negativicutes class, both of which are involved in propionate metabolism. The decrease in butyrate concentration can likely be attributed to a reduction in relative abundance of species belonging to the Clostridia class, which are known as the predominant butyrate producers in the mammalian intestine. In addition, vitamin B12 supplementation in diets reduced the CH4 production by altering the species composition of the archaeal community. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of vitamin B12 resulted in rumen perturbation. In vivo studies should be conducted cautiously when evaluating the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on the synthesis and absorption of it, as well as its content in milk.
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Andrade BGN, Bressani FA, Cuadrat RRC, Cardoso TF, Malheiros JM, de Oliveira PSN, Petrini J, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Reecy JM, Koltes JE, Neto AZ, R de Medeiros S, Berndt A, Palhares JCP, Afli H, Regitano LCA. Stool and Ruminal Microbiome Components Associated With Methane Emission and Feed Efficiency in Nelore Beef Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:812828. [PMID: 35656319 PMCID: PMC9152269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of extreme changes in weather patterns on the economy and human welfare is one of the biggest challenges our civilization faces. From anthropogenic contributions to climate change, reducing the impact of farming activities is a priority since it is responsible for up to 18% of global greenhouse gas emissions. To this end, we tested whether ruminal and stool microbiome components could be used as biomarkers for methane emission and feed efficiency in bovine by studying 52 Brazilian Nelore bulls belonging to two feed intervention treatment groups, that is, conventional and by-product-based diets. Results: We identified a total of 5,693 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the Nelore bulls’ microbiomes. A Differential abundance analysis with the ANCOM approach identified 30 bacterial and 15 archaeal ASVs as differentially abundant (DA) among treatment groups. An association analysis using Maaslin2 software and a linear mixed model indicated that bacterial ASVs are linked to the host’s residual methane emission (RCH4) and residual feed intake (RFI) phenotype variation, suggesting their potential as targets for interventions or biomarkers. Conclusion: The feed composition induced significant differences in both abundance and richness of ruminal and stool microbial populations in ruminants of the Nelore breed. The industrial by-product-based dietary treatment applied to our experimental groups influenced the microbiome diversity of bacteria and archaea but not of protozoa. ASVs were associated with RCH4 emission and RFI in ruminal and stool microbiomes. While ruminal ASVs were expected to influence CH4 emission and RFI, the relationship of stool taxa, such as Alistipes and Rikenellaceae (gut group RC9), with these traits was not reported before and might be associated with host health due to their link to anti-inflammatory compounds. Overall, the ASVs associated here have the potential to be used as biomarkers for these complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G N Andrade
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Rafael R C Cuadrat
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gerson B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Haithem Afli
- Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland
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Liu Z, Wang K, Nan X, Cai M, Yang L, Xiong B, Zhao Y. Synergistic Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol with Fumarate in the Regulation of Propionate Formation and Methanogenesis in Dairy Cows In Vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0190821. [PMID: 35080908 PMCID: PMC8939354 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01908-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) is effective at reducing ruminal methane emissions in ruminants. But it also causes a drastic increase in hydrogen accumulation, resulting in feed energy waste. Fumarate is a key precursor for propionate formation and plays an important role in rumen hydrogen metabolism. Therefore, this study examined the effects of 3-NOP combined with fumarate on volatile fatty acids, methanogenesis, and microbial community structures in dairy cows in vitro. The in vitro culture experiment was performed using a 2-by-2 factorial design, two 3-NOP levels (0 or 2 mg/g dry matter [DM]) and two fumarate levels (0 or 100 mg/g DM), including 3 runs with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and 4 blanks containing only the inoculum. Rumen fluid was collected from three lactating Holstein cows with permanent ruminal fistulas. The combination of 3-NOP and fumarate reduced methane emissions by 11.48% without affecting dry matter degradability. The propionate concentration increased and the acetate/propionate ratio decreased significantly. In terms of bacteria, the combination of 3-NOP and fumarate reduced the abundances of Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and increased the abundances of Prevotella and Succiniclasticum. For archaea, the combination of 3-NOP and fumarate significantly increased the abundances of Methanobrevibacter_sp._AbM4, while the abundance of operational taxonomic unit 581 (OTU581) (belonging to an uncultured_rumen_methanogen_g__Methanobrevibacter strain) was significantly decreased. These results indicated that the combination of 3-NOP and fumarate could alleviate the accumulation of hydrogen and enhance the inhibition of methanogenesis compared with 3-NOP only in dairy cows. IMPORTANCE The global problem of climate change and the greenhouse effect has become increasingly severe, and the abatement of greenhouse gases has received great attention from the international community. Methane produced by ruminants during digestion not only aggravates the greenhouse effect but also causes a waste of feed energy. As a methane inhibitor, 3-nitrooxypropanol can effectively reduce methane emissions from ruminants. However, when it inhibits methane emissions, the emission of hydrogen increases sharply, resulting in the waste of feed resources. Fumarate is a propionic acid precursor that can promote the metabolism of hydrogen to propionic acid in animals. Therefore, we studied the effects of the combined addition of 3-nitrooxypropanol and fumarate on methanogenesis, rumen fermentation, and rumen flora. It is of great significance to inhibit methane emission from ruminants and slow down the greenhouse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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The Fibrolytic Enzyme Profiles and the Composition of Fungal Communities in Donkey Cecum-Colon Ecosystem. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040412. [PMID: 35203120 PMCID: PMC8868365 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The donkey hindgut is a microbial-rich ecosystem in which caecum and colon fungi play an important role in dietary fiber degradation. In addition, the fibrolytic enzymes produced by hindgut microorganisms are key to the ability of equines to hydrolysis plant fiber. In the present study, the fibrolytic enzyme activities within donkey caecum and colon were firstly measured by spectrophotometry. The dorsal colon presented a higher fibrolytic enzyme activity in comparison with caecum. The fungal community composition along donkey caecum and colon was determined by sequencing an internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) using Illumina MiSeq. The predominant fungi at phylum level were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Neocallimastigomycota. The Aspergillus, Wallemia, Phanerochaete, Fusarium, and Penicillium were detected as the dominant genera, but their metabolic and functional significance in donkey cecum-colon ecosystem need further investigation. In terms of the anaerobic fungi Neocallimastigomycota, its abundance was greater in donkey colon than in caecum. The relative abundance of enzymes related to plant cell wall breakdown were also predicted by PICRUSt, and they were also greater in donkey colon than in caecum. The present study provided new information about fibrolytic enzyme profiles and fungal communities in donkey hindgut. The findings could therefore contribute to the further understanding of the fungal taxa and their dietary fiber degradation mechanisms in donkey hindgut ecosystem. Abstract The fibrolytic enzymes and the hindgut fungi in donkey cecum-colon ecosystem play an important role in dietary fiber digestion. A better understanding of the fibrolytic enzyme profiles and the fungal community along donkey caecum and colon is key for optimizing hindgut function. In the present study, the fibrolytic enzyme activities within donkey caecum and colon were firstly measured by spectrophotometry. Activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, xylanase, and acetyl esterase were greater in donkey dorsal colon than in caecum, indicating that the colon microorganisms may be more efficient in producing fibrolytic enzymes compared to caecum microbes. The fungal community composition along donkey hindgut was determined by sequencing ITS region using Illumina MiSeq. Three fungal phyla were identified by sequence comparison: Ascomycota (66.8%–74.4%), Basidiomycota (21.6%–30.9%), and Neocallimastigomycota (0.9%–3.3%). The Aspergillus, Wallemia, Phanerochaete, Fusarium, and Penicillium were detected as the dominant genera, but their metabolic and functional significance in donkey cecum-colon ecosystem need further investigation. In terms of the anaerobic fungi Neocallimastigomycota, its abundance was greater in donkey colon than in caecum (p < 0.05), indicating that the donkey hindgut region was associated with differences in fungal community composition. Moreover, the relative abundance of enzymes related to plant cell wall degradation were predicted by PICRUSt, and they were also lower in caecum than in colon. The present study provided new information about fibrolytic enzyme profiles and fungal composition in donkey hindgut ecosystem.
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Pereira AM, de Lurdes Nunes Enes Dapkevicius M, Borba AES. Alternative pathways for hydrogen sink originated from the ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates: Which microorganisms are involved in lowering methane emission? Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:5. [PMID: 34991722 PMCID: PMC8734291 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is responsible for a great share of the anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases that, by warming the earth, threaten its biodiversity. Among greenhouse gas emissions, enteric CH4 from livestock is an important target to slow down climate changes. The CH4 is originated from rumen fermentation and its concentration is affected by several factors, including genetics and nutrition. Ruminants have an extraordinary symbiosis with microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) that ferment otherwise indigestible carbohydrates, from which they obtain energy to grow and continue actively producing, among other products, volatile fatty acids, CO2 and H2. Detrimental ruminal accumulation of H2 is avoided by methanogenesis carried out by Archaea methanogens. Importantly, methanogenesis is not the only H2 sink pathway. In fact, other bacteria can reduce substrates using metabolic hydrogen formed during carbohydrate fermentation, namely propionate production and reductive acetogenesis, thus lowering the CH4 produced. Although the complexity of rumen poses challenges to mitigate CH4 production, the emergence of sequencing techniques that allow the study of microbial communities, gene expression, and metabolome are largely contributing to unravel pathways and key players in the rumen. Indeed, it is now recognized that in vivo emissions of CH4 are correlated to microbial communities, and particularly with the abundance of methanogens, several bacterial groups, and their genes. The goal of CH4 mitigation is to work in favor of the natural processes, without compromising rumen function, animal health, and productivity. Notwithstanding, the major challenge continues to be the feasibility and affordability of the proposed solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Instituto de Investigação em Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, Campus de Angra do Heroísmo, rua Capitão João d’Ávila, 9700-042 Açores Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Nunes Enes Dapkevicius
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Instituto de Investigação em Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, Campus de Angra do Heroísmo, rua Capitão João d’Ávila, 9700-042 Açores Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Alfredo E. S. Borba
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Instituto de Investigação em Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, Campus de Angra do Heroísmo, rua Capitão João d’Ávila, 9700-042 Açores Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Arteaga-Wences Y, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos-Rincón FG, Castro-Pérez B, Mendoza-Cortéz D, Manriquez-Núñez O, Barreras A, Corona-Gochi L, Zinn R, Perea-Domínguez X, Plascencia A. The effects of feeding a standardized mixture of essential oils vs monensin on growth performance, dietary energy and carcass characteristics of lambs fed a high-energy finishing diet. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Gleason CB, Settlage RE, Beckett LM, White RR. Characterizing Effects of Ingredients Differing in Ruminally Degradable Protein and Fiber Supplies on the Ovine Rumen Microbiome Using Next-Generation Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.745848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of concentrate to forage within diets is known to alter rumen microbial profiles, but comparatively less information is available on the effect of differing sources of individual nutrients on the microbiome. The objective of this study was to investigate rumen microbial responses to diets composed of protein and fiber sources expected to vary in nutrient degradability. The responses of interest included relative abundances of bacterial taxa as well as estimations of community richness and diversity. Ten ruminally cannulated wethers (Suffolk, Dorset, or Suffolk × Dorset) received four diet treatments consisting of either beet pulp or timothy hay and soybean meal (SBM) or heat-treated soybean meal (HSBM) in a partially replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment for 21 days. Timothy hay and beet pulp were expected to provide differing rumen degradabilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) while the soybean meals were expected to provide differing rumen degradabilities of crude protein (CP). Solid and liquid samples of rumen contents were collected for microbial DNA isolation and Next-Generation sequencing. Numerous rumen bacterial population shifts were observed due to change in fiber source, with increased abundances (P < 0.05) of fibrolytic populations associated with timothy hay diets compared with beet pulp diets. Conversely, populations of the pectin-degrading genera, Treponema and Lachnospira, increased on the beet pulp treatment (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0049, respectively). Limited impact on bacterial taxa was observed between diets differing in protein source. The Paraprevotellaceae genus YRC22 was observed to increase in abundance on HSBM diets (P = 0.023) and the phylum Spirochaetes tended to be more abundant on SBM than HSBM diets (P = 0.071). Beet pulp decreased rumen bacterial diversity (P = 0.0027) and tended to decrease bacterial species richness (P = 0.051) compared to timothy hay. Our results serve to further underscore the sensitivity of rumen microbes to changes in their preferred substrates, particularly of those associated with fiber degradation.
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21
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Jing-Wei Z, Yi-Yuan S, Xin L, Hua Z, Hui N, Luo-Yun F, Ben-Hai X, Jin-Jin T, Lin-Shu J. Microbiome and Metabolic Changes of Milk in Response to Dietary Supplementation With Bamboo Leaf Extract in Dairy Cows. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723446. [PMID: 34595199 PMCID: PMC8476867 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo leaf extracts, with high content of flavonoids and diverse biological activities, are used in animal husbandry. Increasing evidence has suggested an association between the bovine physiology and the udder microbiome, yet whether the microbiota and the metabolites of milk affect the mammary gland health or the milk quality remains unknown. In this study, we provide a potential mechanism for the effects of bamboo leaf extracts on milk microbiota and metabolites of dairy cows. Twelve multiparous lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cows were randomly separated into two groups: basal diet as the control group (CON, n = 6) and a diet supplemented with 30 g/d bamboo leaf extract per head as antioxidants of bamboo leaf (AOB) group (AOB, n = 6) for 7 weeks (2-week adaptation, 5-week treatment). Milk samples were collected at the end of the trial (week 7) for microbiome and associated metabolic analysis by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that the milk protein was increased (p < 0.0001) and somatic cell count (SCC) showed a tendency to decrease (p = 0.09) with AOB supplementation. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased (p = 0.04) while a higher relative abundance of Probacteria (p = 0.01) was seen in the group receiving AOB compared to the CON group. The AOB group had a significantly lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium_1 (p = 0.01), Aerococcus (p = 0.01), and Staphylococcus (p = 0.02). There were 64 different types of metabolites significantly upregulated, namely, glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls, and 15 significantly downregulated metabolites, such as moracetin, sphinganine, and lactulose in the AOB group. Metabolic pathway analysis of the different metabolites revealed that the sphingolipid signaling pathway was significantly enriched, together with glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and necroptosis in response to AOB supplementation. Several typical metabolites were highly correlated with specific ruminal bacteria, demonstrating a functional correlation between the milk microbiome and the associated metabolites. These insights into the complex mechanism and corresponding biological responses highlight the potential function of AOB, warranting further investigation into the regulatory role of specific pathways in the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Jing-Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Yi-Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Niu Hui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luo-Yun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Ben-Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Jin-Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin-Shu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Ahmed E, Fukuma N, Hanada M, Nishida T. The Efficacy of Plant-Based Bioactives Supplementation to Different Proportion of Concentrate Diets on Methane Production and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1029. [PMID: 33916481 PMCID: PMC8067416 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This In Vitro study was conducted to investigate the impact of plant-bioactives extract (PE), a combination of garlic powder and bitter orange extract, on methane production, rumen fermentation, and digestibility in different feeding models. The dietary treatments were 1000 g grass/kg ration + 0 g concentrate/kg ration (100:0), 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80. The PE was supplemented at 200 g/kg of the feed. Each group consisted of 6 replicates. The experiment was performed as an In Vitro batch culture for 24 h at 39 °C. This procedure was repeated in three consecutive runs. The results of this experiment showed that supplementation with PE strongly reduced methane production in all kinds of feeding models (p < 0.001). Its efficacy in reducing methane/digestible dry matter was 44% in the 100:0 diet, and this reduction power increased up to a 69.2% with the inclusion of concentrate in the 20:80 diet. The PE application significantly increased gas and carbon dioxide production and the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen, but decreased the pH (p < 0.001). In contrast, it did not interfere with organic matter and fiber digestibility. Supplementation with PE was effective in altering rumen fermentation toward less acetate and more propionate and butyrate (p < 0.001). Additionally, it improved the production of total volatile fatty acids in all feeding models (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the PE combination showed effective methane reduction by improving rumen fermentation characteristics without exhibiting adverse effects on fiber digestibility. Thus, PE could be used with all kinds of feeding models to effectively mitigate methane emissions from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Ahmed
- Graduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
- Department of Animal Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Naoki Fukuma
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (N.F.); (M.H.)
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hanada
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (N.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Takehiro Nishida
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (N.F.); (M.H.)
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Guo T, Wang ZL, Guo L, Li F, Li F. Effects of supplementation of nonforage fiber source in diets with different starch levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, and microbial flora of Hu lambs. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab065. [PMID: 34179701 PMCID: PMC8221454 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of fiber source and dietary starch level on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen parameters, and rumen bacteria in fattening Hu lambs. A total of 360 Hu lambs (BW = 24.72 ± 0.14 kg, 2 months old) were subjected to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Lambs randomly assigned 6 treatments with 6 repetitions (10 lambs per repetition) of each treatment. Six treatments were formulated to include the fiber sources with three starch levels. The experiment lasted a 63 d. The amount of feed, orts, and total feces were sampled on the 42nd day of the experiment. Rumen fluid samples were collected after 2 h of morning feeding on day 56. Rumen contents were collected last day after the selected lambs were slaughtered. Increasing the starch content decreased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, P = 0.005). Increasing the starch level increased the proportions of propionate (P = 0.002) and valerate (P = 0.001) and decreased the proportion of acetate (P < 0.001) and the ratio of acetate to propionate (P = 0.005). The abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was affected by an interaction between the fiber source and the starch level (P < 0.001). Fibrobacter succinogenes tended to be greater in lambs fed SH than in lambs fed BP (P = 0.091), which was greater in lambs fed high starch levels than in lambs fed low starch levels (P = 0.014). Increasing the starch level increased Streptococcus bovis abundance (P = 0.029) and decreased total bacteria (P = 0.025). At the genus level, increasing the starch level reduced the abundance of Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.020). Nevertheless, the final body weight (BW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed soybean hull (SH) than in lambs fed BP. The proportion of butyrate was greater (P = 0.005), while the rumen pH was lower (P = 0.001) in lambs fed beet pulp (BP) than in those fed SH. The abundances of Succiniclasticum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus_1, and Christensenellaceae_R-7 were greater in lambs fed SH than in those fed BP (P < 0.050), whereas the abundance of Fibrobacter was lower (P = 0.011). The predominant microbial phyla in all of the groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fibrobacteres. Changing the starch level for fiber sources mainly changed the rumen community in terms of the phylum and genus abundances. Lambs fed SH with low starch level increased the final BW without affecting total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Zhi Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
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Chishti GA, Mitchell LK, Dennis TS, Hill TM, Suarez-Mena FX, Heinrichs AJ. Starch-protein interaction in the rumen of weaned dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5445-5456. [PMID: 33685686 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of starch and protein interaction on rumen environment, in situ digestion, and total-tract digestibility of nutrients in weaned dairy calves between 8 and 16 wk of age. Sixteen rumen-cannulated calves were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatment groups with 4 calves fed in each treatment. The treatment diets had 2 levels of starch [18%, low starch (LS), or 38%, high starch (HS)] and 2 levels of protein [16%, low protein (LP), or 22%, high protein (HP)] on a dry matter (DM) basis in calf grower: (1) LPLS, (2) LPHS, (3) HPLS, and (4) HPHS. Calves were fed for ad libitum intake (95% assigned grower and 5% grass hay), and refusals were collected weekly. Total-tract digestibility collection and in situ digestibility procedures were performed for each calf at 11 and 15 wk. Samples for in situ digestibility, grass hay (GH), soybean hulls (SBH), wheat middlings (WM), ground corn (GrC), and soybean meal (SBM) were incubated for 9 and 24 h. There was no starch and protein interaction on total-tract digestibility of calves. Total-tract DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility, and feed efficiency were affected by both protein and starch inclusion level in calf diet. Total-tract starch digestibility was lower for LS diets. Dry matter digestibility and feed efficiency were greater in calves fed HP and HS diets compared with calves fed LP and LS diets, respectively. Fiber digestibility (NDF and ADF) was less in calves fed HS diets compared with calves fed LS diets but was greater in calves fed HP diets compared with calves fed LP diets. Level of protein did not affect in situ DM and NDF disappearance of GH, but HP increased in situ DM and NDF disappearance of SBH. High-starch diets decreased DM and NDF disappearance of both GH and SBH. At 20 h after feeding, ruminal pH was 0.51 unit higher in calves fed HPHS compared with calves fed LPHS. Total ruminal VFA and proportion of propionate was greater with HS versus LS, whereas proportion of acetate was greater with LS versus HS. The DM disappearance of SBM and WM and NDF disappearance of WM was greater for calves fed HPHS compared with calves fed LPHS at 11 wk of age. In our study, when HP was fed with HS, rumen pH, in situ digestion of WM and SBM, and total-tract digestion of DM, NDF, and ADF increased. This provides evidence for starch-protein interaction in the rumen of recently weaned dairy calves. Improvements in total-tract and in situ digestibility suggest that both protein and starch levels are important for 8- to 16-wk-old calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Chishti
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 5400, Pakistan
| | - L K Mitchell
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - T S Dennis
- Provimi North America, Cargill Animal Nutrition, Brookville, OH 45309
| | - T M Hill
- Provimi North America, Cargill Animal Nutrition, Brookville, OH 45309
| | - F X Suarez-Mena
- Provimi North America, Cargill Animal Nutrition, Brookville, OH 45309
| | - A J Heinrichs
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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Ahmed E, Yano R, Fujimori M, Kand D, Hanada M, Nishida T, Fukuma N. Impacts of Mootral on Methane Production, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Community in an in vitro Study. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:623817. [PMID: 33553288 PMCID: PMC7863759 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.623817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane mitigation strategies have a two-sided benefit for both environment and efficient livestock production. This preliminary short-term in vitro trial using Mootral (garlic and citrus extracts), a novel natural feed supplement, was conducted to evaluate its efficacy on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and the bacterial and archaeal community. The experiment was performed as a batch culture using rumen fluid collected from sheep, and Mootral was supplemented in three concentrations: 0% (Control), 10%, and 20% of the substrate (50% Grass:50% Concentrate). The rumen fermentation data and alpha diversity of microbial community were analyzed by ordinary one-way analysis of variance. The relative abundance and statistical significance of families and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among the groups were compared by Kruskal–Wallis H test using Calypso software. After 24-h incubation at 39°C, Mootral in a dose-dependent manner improved the production of total volatile fatty acids and propionate while it reduced the acetate proportion and acetate/propionate ratio. The total produced gas was two times higher in the Mootral-supplemented groups than control (P < 0.01), while the proportion of methane in the produced gas was reduced by 22% (P < 0.05) and 54% (P < 0.01) for 10 and 20% Mootral, respectively. Mootral did not change pH, digestibility, and ammonia-nitrogen. Microbial community analyses showed that Mootral effectively changed the ruminal microbiome. The bacterial community showed an increase of the relative abundance of the propionate-producing family such as Prevotellaceae (P = 0.014) and Veillonellaceae (P = 0.030), while there was a decrease in the relative abundance of some hydrogen-producing bacteria by Mootral supplementation. In the archaeal community, Methanobacteriaceae was decreased by Mootral supplementation compared with control (P = 0.032), while the Methanomassiliicoccaceae family increased in a dose-dependent effect (P = 0.038). The results of the study showed the efficacy of the new mixture to alter the ruminal microbial community, produce more propionate, and reduce microbial groups associated with methane production, thus suggesting that Mootral is a promising natural mixture for methane reduction from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Ahmed
- Graduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Animal Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Rintaro Yano
- Graduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Miho Fujimori
- Graduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Hanada
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nishida
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukuma
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Wang K, Nan XM, Zhao YG, Tong JJ, Jiang LS, Xiong BH. Effects of propylene glycol on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial community structure. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:2924-2934. [PMID: 33455765 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial community structure. A completely randomized design was conducted in the in vitro incubation, and 4 culture PG dose levels (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5 μL/g of dry matter) were used in the trial. Based on the fermentation results, the control group (0 μL/g of dry matter, CON) and the second treatment group (15.0 μL/g of dry matter, TRT) were chosen for further analysis to explore the effects of PG on the bacterial and archaeal community structure. The concentrations of propanol, propanal, and succinate increased linearly, whereas the concentration of l-lactate decreased linearly as PG doses increased. The molar proportion of propionate demonstrated a linear increase with increasing PG doses. In contrast with propionate, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased linearly with increasing PG doses. The addition of PG markedly decreased methane production without negative effects on nutrient degradability. In the archaeal level, the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter tended to decrease, but that of Methanomassiliicoccus significantly increased in TRT group. At the bacterial level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella in TRT group was numerically higher than that in CON group. The analysis of the Negativicutes class showed that the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum tended to increase, whereas that of Selenomonas tended to decrease in TRT group. These results demonstrated that PG might be used as an inhibitor to mitigate methane emission. However, the small decrease in methane production will limit the application of PG as a methane inhibitor in production practices. Further research is needed to determine whether use together with other inhibitors may improve the effects of PG on the utilization of reducing equivalents ([H]) and methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X M Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J J Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - L S Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - B H Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Rabee AE, Forster R, Elekwachi C, Sabra E, Lamara M. Comparative analysis of the metabolically active microbial communities in the rumen of dromedary camels under different feeding systems using total rRNA sequencing. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10184. [PMID: 33194403 PMCID: PMC7603790 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of plant biomass in rumen depends on interactions between bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa; however, the majority of studies of the microbiome of ruminants, including the few studies of the rumen of camels, only studied one of these microbial groups. In this study, we applied total rRNA sequencing to identify active microbial communities in 22 solid and liquid rumen samples from 11 camels. These camels were reared at three stations that use different feeding systems: clover, hay and wheat straw (G1), fresh clover (G2), and wheat straw (G3). Bacteria dominated the libraries of sequence reads generated from all rumen samples, followed by protozoa, archaea, and fungi respectively. Firmicutes, Thermoplasmatales, Diplodinium, and Neocallimastix dominated bacterial, archaeal, protozoal and fungal communities, respectively in all samples. Libraries generated from camels reared at facility G2, where they were fed fresh clover, showed the highest alpha diversity. Principal co-ordinate analysis and linear discriminate analysis showed clusters associated with facility/feed and the relative abundance of microbes varied between liquid and solid fractions. This provides preliminary evidence that bacteria dominate the microbial communities of the camel rumen and these communities differ significantly between populations of domesticated camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Robert Forster
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Chijioke Elekwachi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Sabra
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mebarek Lamara
- Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
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Dietary Supplementation with Sodium Sulfate Improves Rumen Fermentation, Fiber Digestibility, and the Plasma Metabolome through Modulation of Rumen Bacterial Communities in Steers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01412-20. [PMID: 32859601 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01412-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six steers were used to study the effects of dietary supplementation with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, rumen microbiota, and plasma metabolites. The animals were fed a basal ration with Na2SO4 added at 0 g/day (sulfur [S] content of 0.115% dry matter [DM]), 20 g/day (S at 0.185% DM), or 40 g/day (S at 0.255% DM) in a replicate 3-by-3 Latin square design. The results indicated that supplementing with Na2SO4 increased the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids, the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, the ruminal concentrations of microbial protein, SO4 2--S, and S2--S, and the digestibility of fiber, while it decreased the molar proportion of propionate and the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Supplementing with Na2SO4 increased the diversity and the richness of rumen microbiota and the relative abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and genera Ruminococcus 2, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Desulfovibrio, whereas it decreased the relative abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella 1, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Treponema 2 Supplementing with Na2SO4 also increased the plasma concentrations of amino acids (l-arginine, l-methionine, l-cysteine, and l-lysine), purine derivatives (xanthine and hypoxanthine), vitamins (thiamine and biotin), and lipids (acetylcarnitine and l-carnitine). It was concluded that supplementing the steer ration with Na2SO4 was beneficial for improving the rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and nutrient metabolism through modulating the rumen microbial community.IMPORTANCE Essential elements like nitrogen and sulfur greatly affect rumen fermentation and metabolism in ruminants. However, little knowledge is available on the effects of sulfur on the rumen microbiota and plasma metabolome. The results of the present trial demonstrated that supplementing the steer ration with sodium sulfate markedly improved rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and metabolism of amino acids, purine derivatives, and vitamins through effects on the ruminal microbiome. The facts obtained from the present trial clarified the possible mechanisms of the positive effects of sulfur on rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization.
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Wang K, Nan X, Tong J, Zhao G, Jiang L, Xiong B. Steam Explosion Pretreatment Changes Ruminal Fermentation in vitro of Corn Stover by Shifting Archaeal and Bacterial Community Structure. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2027. [PMID: 32983029 PMCID: PMC7483759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Steam explosion is an environment-friendly pretreatment method to improve the subsequent hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass. Steam explosion pretreatment improved ruminal fermentation and changed fermentation pattern of corn stover during ruminal fermentation in vitro. The study gave a comprehensive insight into how stream explosion pretreatment shifted archaeal and bacterial community structure to change ruminal fermentation in vitro of corn stover. Results showed that steam explosion pretreatment dramatically improved the apparent disappearance of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Steam explosion pretreatment significantly increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate. At archaeal level, steam explosion pretreatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter, which can effectively remove metabolic hydrogen to keep the fermentation continuing. At bacterial level, the shift in fermentation was achieved by increasing the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and propionate-related bacteria, including Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia, Fibrobacteres, Prevotella, Treponema, Ruminococcus, and Fibrobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Khiaosa-Ard R, Mahmood M, Lerch F, Traintinger FP, Petri RM, Münnich M, Zebeli Q. Physicochemical stressors and mixed alkaloid supplementation modulate ruminal microbiota and fermentation in vitro. Anaerobe 2020; 65:102263. [PMID: 32861779 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The drop of ruminal pH and heat are common physicochemical stressors challenging ruminal microbiota, nutrient digestion and cattle performance. We characterized the ruminal microbiota and digestive activity in response to different pH (6.0 and 6.6) and temperature (39.5 and 42 °C), as well as established the effective dose of alkaloid supplementation (0, 0.088 and 0.175% of feedstock DM) to modulate ruminal fermentation under these conditions. The acidotic condition decreased microbial diversity and abundances of minor bacterial families whereas most of the highly abundant families like Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae thrived under the stress. Abundances of all three methanogenic archaea taxa detected increased with heat, as did methane production. However, while Methanomassiliicoccaceae benefited from the low pH, Methanomicrobiaceae diminished and methane production decreased. The low dose of alkaloid addition shifted the fermentation to more propionate and less acetate and the high dose decreased methane and ammonia concentration under the low pH. In conclusion, physicochemical stressors shape the microbial community and function. Mixed alkaloid supplementation facilitates the activity of rumen microbial community under acidotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mubarik Mahmood
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Section of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-campus Jhang, 12 KM Chiniot Road, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Frederike Lerch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz-Pius Traintinger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renée Maxine Petri
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Münnich
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Wallufer Str. 10 a, 65343, Eltville, Germany
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Hou K, Tong J, Zhang H, Gao S, Guo Y, Niu H, Xiong B, Jiang L. Microbiome and metabolic changes in milk in response to artemisinin supplementation in dairy cows. AMB Express 2020; 10:154. [PMID: 32833065 PMCID: PMC7445214 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin (ART) on the milk microbiome and metabolites of dairy cow. A total of 12 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly divided into 2 groups receiving either a total mixed ration (TMR) as the control group or this TMR and 120 g/d/head ART as the ART group. The milk samples were collected weekly to determine the contents, and end-of-trial (week 8) milk samples were used to identify microbial species and metabolite profiles by 16S rRNA sequencing and LC–MS analyses, respectively. We observed that the milk fat content significantly increased by ART treatment (P < 0.05). The bacterial community richness was significantly lower in the ART group (P < 0.05), while the diversity showed no difference (P > 0.05). Compared with its abundance in the control (CON) group, Firmicutes was significantly decreased, whereas Proteobacteria was significantly increased. Furthermore, in the ART group, the relative abundances of the genera Aerococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium_1 and Facklamia were significantly lower (P < 0.01). Metabolomics analysis revealed that ART significantly increasing the concentrations of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and flavonoids compared with those in the CON group. An enrichment analysis of the different metabolites showed that ART mainly affected glycerophospholipid metabolism and the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways. These findings revealed that ART supplementation could affect the milk microbiota and metabolites, that glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids could be potential biomarkers in the milk response to ART feed in dairy cows, and that ART changes substances in milk by maintaining lipid metabolism in the mammary gland.
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Smith PE, Waters SM, Kenny DA, Boland TM, Heffernan J, Kelly AK. Replacing Barley and Soybean Meal With By-products, in a Pasture Based Diet, Alters Daily Methane Output and the Rumen Microbial Community in vitro Using the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1614. [PMID: 32793146 PMCID: PMC7387412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant based by-products (BP) produced from food and bioethanol industries are human inedible, but can be recycled into the global food chain by ruminant livestock. However, limited data is available on the methanogenesis potential associated with supplementing a solely BP formulated concentrate to a pastoral based diet. Therefore the objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of BP inclusion rate (in a formulated concentrate) to a pasture based diet on dietary digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, methane production and the prokaryotic microbial community composition. Diets consisted of perennial ryegrass and one of two supplementary concentrates, formulated to be isonitrogenous (16% CP) and isoenergetic (12.0 MJ/ME/kg), containing either 35% BP, barley and soybean meal (BP35) or 95% BP (BP95) offered on a 50:50 basis, however, starch, NDF and fat content varied. The BPs, included in equal proportions on a DM basis, were soyhulls, palm kernel expeller and maize dried distillers grains. The BP35 diet had greater (P < 0.05) digestibility of the chemical constituents DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF. Greater total VFA production was seen in the BP35 diet (P < 0.05). Daily methane production (mmol/day; +22.7%) and methane output per unit of total organic matter digested (MPOMD; +20.8%) were greatest in the BP35 diet (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment influenced microbial composition (PERMANOVA; P = 0.023) with a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes (adj P < 0.01) observed in the BP35. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly reduced in the BP95 diet (P < 0.01). The relative proportions of Proteobacteria (adj P < 0.01), Succinivibrionaceae (adj P < 0.03) and Succinivibrio (adj P = 0.053) increased in the BP95 diet. The abundance of Proteobacteria was found to be negatively associated with daily methane production (rs, −0.71; P < 0.01) and MPOMD (rs, −0.65; P < 0.01). Within Proteobacteria, the relationship of methane production was maintained with the mean abundance of Succinivibrio (rs, −0.69; P < 0.01). The abundance of the Firmicutes phyla was found to be positively correlated with both daily methane production (rs, 0.79; P < 0.001) and MPOMD (rs, 0.75; P < 0.01). Based on in vitro rumen simulation data, supplementation of an exclusively BP formulated concentrate was shown to reduce daily methane output by promoting a favorable alteration to the rumen prokaryotic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Smith
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Tommy M Boland
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Heffernan
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan K Kelly
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bayesian modeling reveals host genetics associated with rumen microbiota jointly influence methane emission in dairy cows. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2019-2033. [PMID: 32366970 PMCID: PMC7368015 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reducing methane emissions from livestock production is of great importance for the sustainable management of the Earth’s environment. Rumen microbiota play an important role in producing biogenic methane. However, knowledge of how host genetics influences variation in ruminal microbiota and their joint effects on methane emission is limited. We analyzed data from 750 dairy cows, using a Bayesian model to simultaneously assess the impact of host genetics and microbiota on host methane emission. We estimated that host genetics and microbiota explained 24% and 7%, respectively, of variation in host methane levels. In this Bayesian model, one bacterial genus explained up to 1.6% of the total microbiota variance. Further analysis was performed by a mixed linear model to estimate variance explained by host genomics in abundances of microbial genera and operational taxonomic units (OTU). Highest estimates were observed for a bacterial OTU with 33%, for an archaeal OTU with 26%, and for a microbial genus with 41% heritability. However, after multiple testing correction for the number of genera and OTUs modeled, none of the effects remained significant. We also used a mixed linear model to test effects of individual host genetic markers on microbial genera and OTUs. In this analysis, genetic markers inside host genes ABS4 and DNAJC10 were found associated with microbiota composition. We show that a Bayesian model can be utilized to model complex structure and relationship between microbiota simultaneously and their interaction with host genetics on methane emission. The host genome explains a significant fraction of between-individual variation in microbial abundance. Individual microbial taxonomic groups each only explain a small amount of variation in methane emissions. The identification of genes and genetic markers suggests that it is possible to design strategies for breeding cows with desired microbiota composition associated with phenotypes.
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Lianhua L, Shuibin H, Yongming S, Xihui K, Junfeng J, Zhenhong Y, Dingfa L. Anaerobic co-digestion of Pennisetum hybrid and pig manure: A comparative study of performance and microbial community at different mixture ratio and organic loading rate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125871. [PMID: 32069711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate how the changes in performance and the microbial community of the co-digestion system of Pennisetum hybrid and pig manure, two co-digestion systems in a semi-continuous mode were established at different grass:manure mixture ratios (50:50 and 75:25), and at variable organic loading rates (OLRs). The two reactors were in a steady-state at the OLRs of 2.0-5.0 g VS/(L·d), with the specific and volumetric biogas yields of 383.86 ± 65.13 to 574.28 ± 72.04 mL/g VS and 0.87 ± 0.07 to 2.36 ± 0.13 m3/(m3·d), respectively. The co-digestion system with a mixture ratio of 75:25 failed at an OLR of 5.5 g VS/(L⋅d). This failure could be attributed to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) owing to the imbalance between acid-production and -oxidation bacteria. By contrast, the co-digestion system with mixture ratio of 50:50 failed at an OLR of 7.0 g VS/(L⋅d), which was likely due to mechanical issues or improper reactor configuration. The genus Proteiniphilum contributed to the increase in total ammonia nitrogen. These findings provide useful guidance for optimizing co-digestion system, enhancing reactor performance and improving the wastes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lianhua
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - He Shuibin
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sun Yongming
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Kang Xihui
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang Junfeng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zhenhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Liu Dingfa
- Guangdong Foodstuffs Imp. & Exp. (Group) Corp, Guangzhou, 510100, China
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Yanza YR, Szumacher-Strabel M, Jayanegara A, Kasenta AM, Gao M, Huang H, Patra AK, Warzych E, Cieślak A. The effects of dietary medium-chain fatty acids on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in vitro and in vivo: A meta-analysis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:874-889. [PMID: 32333621 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of methane (CH4 ) suppression using medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) remains inconclusive, despite a number of studies on this topic are available. We thus carried out a meta-analysis to integrate the published data on different concentrations and types of MCFA such as lauric acid and myristic acid, which investigated ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro MCFA sources were classified either as pure MCFA (lauric acid, myristic acid and their combinations) or as natural MCFA-rich oils (canola oil enriched with lauric acids, coconut oil, krabok oil and palm kernel oil). The MCFA sources used in the in vivo studies were coconut oil, lauric acid, myristic acid and the combination of lauric and myristic acids. A total of 41 studies (20 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies) were compiled in our database, which included the data on CH4 emission, digestibility, ruminal fermentation products and microbial populations. The results showed that the amount of CH4 production per unit of digested organic matter decreased linearly under in vitro conditions (p < .01) and tended to decrease quadratically under in vivo conditions (p < .07) with increasing doses of MCFA. Populations of protozoa (p < .01) in both in vitro and in vivo responded negatively in a linear manner, whereas Archaea population diminished quadratically (p = .04) only in the in vitro conditions with increasing doses of MCFA. Increasing dietary MCFA concentrations also reduced the fibre digestibility linearly (p < .05) in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. CH4 production for different sources of MCFA decreased in following order: coconut oil > lauric acid > myristic acid > mixed lauric and myristic acids > palm kernel oil > canola oil enriched with lauric acids > krabok oil. It can be concluded that the effect of MCFA on ruminal methanogenesis depends on the amount and type of MCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulianri Rizki Yanza
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Andre Meiditama Kasenta
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Livestock Production Program, Polytechnic Agriculture and Animal Science (MAPENA), Tuban, Indonesia
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Haihao Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, India
| | - Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Quan SY, Nan XM, Wang K, Zhao YG, Jiang LS, Yao JH, Xiong BH. Replacement of forage fiber with non-forage fiber sources in dairy cow diets changes milk extracellular vesicle-miRNA expression. Food Funct 2020; 11:2154-2162. [PMID: 32073015 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a dynamic source of nutrients and bioactive factors, varying with the nutrition status of the cattle. We partly replaced alfalfa hay with whole cotton seed and soybean hull (non-forage fiber source, NFFS) in the feed formula of treated cows and evaluated the effects on milk extracellular vesicles (EVs). The NFFS supplement did not affect the shape of milk EVs observed using a transmission electron microscope. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed that the EV concentration increased significantly in treated cows (P = 0.019), with the peak diameter unaffected by the treatment. The EV-RNA concentration and small RNA content, particularly rRNAs and tRNAs, significantly increased in the treated cows (P < 0.05). The other small RNAs, i.e. miRNAs, cis-regulatory elements, snRNAs, and other Rfam RNAs showed no significant difference between the two groups. Totally 276 milk EV-miRNAs were identified. Thirteen miRNAs, accounting for 76%, in the highly expressed top 20, were immune-related. In addition, 9 differently expressed miRNAs (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) were identified (P < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differently expressed miRNAs were related to the citrate cycle, fat digestion and absorption process, taurine and hypo-taurine metabolism, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. This study documents the milk nutrition assessment from macromolecules, especially EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanglin 712100, China.
| | - Xue-Mei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yi-Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lin-Shu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun-Hu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanglin 712100, China.
| | - Ben-Hai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tong J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiong B, Jiang L. Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses of Milk From Dairy Cows With Subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis-Potential Biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2547. [PMID: 31781063 PMCID: PMC6851174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecosystem in the udders of dairy cows directly influences the flavor and quality of milk. However, to our knowledge, no published research has analyzed the complex relationship between the udder microbiome and its associated metabolism in animals with subclinical mastitis. We identified the bacterial species and measured relative population numbers in the milk of cows with subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis (GBS) and compared this information to that from the milk of healthy cows. Metabolite profiles were determined to investigate correlations between the milk microbiota and metabolic factors in healthy vs. GBS dairy cows. Six milk samples from GBS cows and six from healthy cows were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the microbial species using a MiSeq high-throughput sequencing apparatus. The metabolites present in the milk were identified by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Both principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis indicated that the metabolites were well-separated from each other in the milk samples from the two groups. GBS dramatically altered microbial diversity, and the GBS group had significantly fewer Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria than the CON group, with greater relative abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.01). Several bacterial genera, such as Streptococcus, were significantly more abundant in milk from the GBS group than in milk from the CON group, and there was a tendency for greater abundance of Turicibacter (p = 0.07) and Enterococcus spp. (p = 0.07) in the GBS group. The levels of five milk metabolites were significantly higher in the GBS group than in the CON group: phenylpyruvic acid, the homogentisic acid: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid ratio, the xanthine: guanine ratio, uridine and glycerol. Metabolic pathway analysis of the different metabolites revealed that the following were enriched in both groups: galactose metabolism; pentose and glucuronate interconversion; starch and sucrose metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; citrate cycle (TCA cycle); D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; and the neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis pathways. Several typical metabolites were highly correlated with specific ruminal bacteria, such as Streptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae and Corynebacteriaceae, demonstrating the functional correlations between the milk microbiome and associated metabolites. These findings revealed that the milk microbiota and metabolite profiles were significantly different between the two groups of cows, raising the question of whether the microbiota associated with the bovine mammary gland could be related to mammary gland health. There was also a relationship between milk quality and the presence of spoilage bacteria. Other bacterial taxa should be investigated, as related information may provide insights into how perturbations in milk metabolomics profiles relate to differences in milk synthesis between healthy cows and those with subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Tong J, Wang Z, Xiong B, Jiang L. Illumina MiSeq sequencing reveals the effects of grape seed procyanidin on rumen archaeal communities in vitro. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:61-68. [PMID: 31480204 PMCID: PMC6946980 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study explored the effects of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on rumen fermentation, methane production and archaeal communities in vitro. Methods A completely randomized experiment was conducted with in vitro incubation in a control group (CON, no GSPE addition; n = 9) and the treatment group (GSPE, 1 mg/bottle GSPE, 2 g/kg dry matter; n = 9). The methane and volatile fatty acid concentrations were determined using gas chromatography. To explore methane inhibition after fermentation and the response of the ruminal microbiota to GSPE, archaeal 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Results The results showed that supplementation with GSPE could significantly inhibit gas production and methane production. In addition, GSPE treatment significantly increased the proportion of propionate, while the acetate/propionate ratio was significantly decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccus was significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter decreased significantly in the GSPE group. Conclusion In conclusion, GSPE is a plant extract that can reduce methane production by affecting the structures of archaeal communities, which was achieved by a substitution of Methanobrevibacter with Methanomassiliicoccus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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