1
|
Lofgren L, Nguyen NH, Kennedy P, Pérez-Pazos E, Fletcher J, Liao HL, Wang H, Zhang K, Ruytinx J, Smith AH, Ke YH, Cotter HVT, Engwall E, Hameed KM, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1448-1475. [PMID: 38581203 PMCID: PMC11045321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant family Pinaceae, into a model system for studying ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. Over the last decade, we have compiled extensive genomic resources, culture libraries, a phenotype database, and protocols for manipulating Suillus fungi with and without their tree partners. Our efforts have already resulted in a large number of publicly available genomes, transcriptomes, and respective annotations, as well as advances in our understanding of mycorrhizal partner specificity and host communication, fungal and plant nutrition, environmental adaptation, soil nutrient cycling, interspecific competition, and biological invasions. Here, we highlight the most significant recent findings enabled by Suillus, present a suite of protocols for working with the genus, and discuss how Suillus is emerging as an important model to elucidate the ecology and evolution of ECM interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Lofgren
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Māno, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jessica Fletcher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, USA
| | - Alexander H. Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Ke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H. Van T. Cotter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Hameed
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lan J, Liu T, Miao L, Pei T, Gan Z, Lin A, Geng H, Zhang P. New insights into endophytic fungi diversity and their potential correlation with polyphyllin levels of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Can J Microbiol 2023; 69:351-361. [PMID: 37436108 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes confer fitness advantages to host plants. However, the ecological communities of endophytic fungi in the different tissues (rhizomes, stems, and leaves) of Paris polyphylla and the relationship of their endophytic fungi with polyphyllin levels remain unclear. In this study, the community diversity and differences of endophytic fungi in the rhizomes, stems, and leaves of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were investigated, and a comprehensively diverse community of endophytic fungi was represented, including 50 genera, 44 families, 30 orders, 12 classes, and 5 phyla. Distributions of endophytic fungi differed greatly across the three tissues, with six genera common to all tissues, and 11, 5, and 4 genera specific to the rhizomes, stems, and leaves, respectively. Seven genera showed a significantly positive correlation to polyphyllin contents, indicating their potential roles in polyphyllin accumulation. This study provides valuable information for further research of the ecological and biological functions of endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lan
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liyun Miao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Ting Pei
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhe Gan
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aihua Lin
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Geng
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Branco S, Schauster A, Liao HL, Ruytinx J. Mechanisms of stress tolerance and their effects on the ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2158-2175. [PMID: 35713988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress is ubiquitous and disrupts homeostasis, leading to damage, decreased fitness, and even death. Like other organisms, mycorrhizal fungi evolved mechanisms for stress tolerance that allow them to persist or even thrive under environmental stress. Such mechanisms can also protect their obligate plant partners, contributing to their health and survival under hostile conditions. Here we review the effects of stress and mechanisms of stress response in mycorrhizal fungi. We cover molecular and cellular aspects of stress and how stress impacts individual fitness, physiology, growth, reproduction, and interactions with plant partners, along with how some fungi evolved to tolerate hostile environmental conditions. We also address how stress and stress tolerance can lead to adaptation and have cascading effects on population- and community-level diversity. We argue that mycorrhizal fungal stress tolerance can strongly shape not only fungal and plant physiology, but also their ecology and evolution. We conclude by pointing out knowledge gaps and important future research directions required for both fully understanding stress tolerance in the mycorrhizal context and addressing ongoing environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Annie Schauster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Z, Yang F, Liu JL, Wu HT, Yang H, Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang YF, Luo YR, Chen KM. Heavy metal transporters: Functional mechanisms, regulation, and application in phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151099. [PMID: 34688763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global problem with serious impacts on human health and ecological security. Phytoextraction in phytoremediation, in which plants uptake and transport heavy metals (HMs) to the tissues of aerial parts, is the most environmentally friendly method to reduce the total amount of HMs in soil and has wide application prospects. However, the molecular mechanism of phytoextraction is still under investigation. The uptake, translocation, and retention of HMs in plants are mainly mediated by a variety of transporter proteins. A better understanding of the accumulation strategy of HMs via transporters in plants is a prerequisite for the improvement of phytoextraction. In this review, the biochemical structure and functions of HM transporter families in plants are systematically summarized, with emphasis on their roles in phytoremediation. The accumulation mechanism and regulatory pathways related to hormones, regulators, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HMs concerning these transporters are described in detail. Scientific efforts and practices for phytoremediation carried out in recent years suggest that creation of hyperaccumulators by transgenic or gene editing techniques targeted to these transporters and their regulators is the ultimate powerful path for the phytoremediation of HM contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Rong Luo
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das U, Haque AM, Bari MA, Mandal A, Kabir AH. Computational characterization and expression profile of MTP1 gene associated with zinc homeostasis across dicot plant species. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Cardini A, Pellegrino E, Declerck S, Calonne-Salmon M, Mazzolai B, Ercoli L. Direct transfer of zinc between plants is channelled by common mycorrhizal network of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and evidenced by changes in expression of zinc transporter genes in fungus and plant. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5883-5900. [PMID: 33913577 PMCID: PMC8597171 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role that common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) play in plant-to-plant transfer of zinc (Zn) has not yet been investigated, despite the proved functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in crop Zn acquisition. Here, two autotrophic Medicago truncatula plants were linked by a CMN formed by Rhizophagus irregularis. Plants were grown in vitro in physically separated compartments (Donor-C and Receiver-C) and their connection ensured only by CMN. A symbiosis-defective mutant of M. truncatula was used as control in Receiver-C. Plants in both compartments were grown on Zn-free medium, and only the leaves of the donor plants were Zn fertilized. A direct transfer of Zn was demonstrated from donor leaves to receiver shoots mediated by CMN. Direct transfer of Zn was supported by changes in the expression of fungal genes, RiZRT1 and RiZnT1, and plant gene MtZIP2 in roots and MtNAS1 in roots and shoots of the receiver plants. Moreover, Zn transfer was supported by the change in expression of MtZIP14 gene in AM fungal colonized roots. This work is the first evidence of a direct Zn transfer from a donor to a receiver plant via CMN, and of a triggering of transcriptional regulation of fungal-plant genes involved in Zn transport-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cardini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Maryline Calonne-Salmon
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mycoremediation: A Novel Approach to Rescue Soil from Heavy Metal Contamination. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Gene Copy Number Variation Does Not Reflect Structure or Environmental Selection in Two Recently Diverged California Populations of Suillus brevipes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:4591-4597. [PMID: 33051263 PMCID: PMC7718732 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene copy number variation across individuals has been shown to track population structure and be a source of adaptive genetic variation with significant fitness impacts. In this study, we report opposite results for both predictions based on the analysis of gene copy number variants (CNVs) of Suillus brevipes, a mycorrhizal fungus adapted to coastal and montane habitats in California. In order to assess whether gene copy number variation mirrored population structure and selection in this species, we investigated two previously studied locally adapted populations showing a highly differentiated genomic region encompassing a gene predicted to confer salt tolerance. In addition, we examined whether copy number in the genes related to salt homeostasis was differentiated between the two populations. Although we found many instances of CNV regions across the genomes of S. brevipes individuals, we also found CNVs did not recover population structure and known salt-tolerance-related genes were not under selection across the coastal population. Our results contrast with predictions of CNVs matching single-nucleotide polymorphism divergence and showed CNVs of genes for salt homeostasis are not under selection in S. brevipes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bazzicalupo AL, Ruytinx J, Ke Y, Coninx L, Colpaert JV, Nguyen NH, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Fungal heavy metal adaptation through single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy‐number variation. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4157-4169. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Bazzicalupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology Department of Bioengineering Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Yi‐Hong Ke
- Biology Department Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Laura Coninx
- Biology Department Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jan V. Colpaert
- Biology Department Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
| | | | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA
| |
Collapse
|