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Okamoto S, Echigoya Y, Tago A, Segawa T, Sato Y, Itou T. Antiviral Efficacy of RNase H-Dependent Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides against Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14846. [PMID: 37834294 PMCID: PMC10573891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNase H-dependent gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a promising therapeutic approach via sequence-specific binding to and degrading target RNAs. However, the efficacy and mechanism of antiviral gapmer ASOs have remained unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of gapmer ASOs containing locked nucleic acids (LNA gapmers) on proliferating a mosquito-borne flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), with high mortality. We designed several LNA gapmers targeting the 3' untranslated region of JEV genomic RNAs. In vitro screening by plaque assay using Vero cells revealed that LNA gapmers targeting a stem-loop region effectively inhibit JEV proliferation. Cell-based and RNA cleavage assays using mismatched LNA gapmers exhibited an underlying mechanism where the inhibition of viral production results from JEV RNA degradation by LNA gapmers in a sequence- and modification-dependent manner. Encouragingly, LNA gapmers potently inhibited the proliferation of five JEV strains of predominant genotypes I and III in human neuroblastoma cells without apparent cytotoxicity. Database searching showed a low possibility of off-target binding of our LNA gapmers to human RNAs. The target viral RNA sequence conservation observed here highlighted their broad-spectrum antiviral potential against different JEV genotypes/strains. This work will facilitate the development of an antiviral LNA gapmer therapy for JEV and other flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.); (T.I.)
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yusuke Echigoya
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.S.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tago
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.S.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takao Segawa
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.); (T.I.)
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yukita Sato
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.S.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.); (T.I.)
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.S.)
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Zeng M, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan Y, Jiang B, Pan X, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Tian B, Gao Q, Cheng A. Nuclear localization of duck Tembusu virus NS5 protein attenuates viral replication in vitro and NS5-NS2B3 interaction. Vet Microbiol 2021; 262:109239. [PMID: 34555732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (TMUV) belongs to the flavivirus genus whose genome replication involved in capping and RNA synthesis dominating by nonstructural protein 5 (NS5). Flaviviral replication has been well documented to occur in the cytoplasm, but the effect of NS5 to gain access to the nucleus remains controversial. Here, TMUV NS5 was observed to localize within the cytoplasm of transfected and infected cells and co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum. We introduced two arginine mutations into the N390 and Q392 (N390R and Q392R) of the NS5 bipartite nuclear localization sequence (α/βNLS) and designated that mutagenesis as NS5NLSmut, which has shown the ability to access the nucleus and hence attenuates viral replication and production in vitro. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the recovered wild-type TMUV (rTMUV-WT) and engineered mutant (rTMUV-NS5NLSmut) on plaque morphology, survival rate of infected duck embryos or virus copies in tissues. Considering that NS5NLSmut is mainly located in the cytoplasm of rTMUV-NS5NLSmut infected cells at the early stage of infection. We further confirmed that NS5NLSmut attenuated its interaction with nonstructural NS2B-NS3 (NS2B3) following transfection and infection. Meanwhile, the rTMUV-NS5NLSmut tended to stimulate more interferon beta (IFNβ) than rTMUV-WT. However, preliminary study on transient NS5 and NS5NLSmut detected the same levels of IFNβ mRNA mediated by RIG-I detection of NS5 RNA polymerase activity in cell. In summary, these results provide further insights into the relationship between the viral property and subcellular localization of flavivirus NS5 in terms of the NS5-NS2B3 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
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