Investigation of Tannins Transformation in Sanguisorbae Radix Over Carbonizing by Stir-Frying

Extraction of Sanguisorba officinalis L. polysaccharide by ultrasound-assisted extraction: structural characterization, antioxidant, hemostatic and immunological activity

Sanguisorba officinalis L. (S. officinalis) has been widely distributed in various regions of China and holds significant potential for various applications. However, limited studies have focused on S. officinalis polysaccharides (SOPs) and their biological activities. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), the process of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of SOPs was optimized. The optimal conditions were 270.2 W, 42.4 mL/g, and 47.7 min. Through separation and purification, a neutral polysaccharide named SOUP-1 was obtained. SOUP-1 (17.1 kDa) mainly includes glucose and a few galactose, mannose, and arabinose. The main chain of SOUP-1 is primarily → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → substituted at C6 with branch chain → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . Furthermore, SOUP-1 showed antioxidant activity, including scavenging activities of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH. It also enhances macrophage phagocytic activity and modulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, this study first discovered the hemostatic activity of SOUP-1. This study provides theoretical support for the potential applications and further research of SOPs. It provides a basis for the development of SOPs as novel natural-source immunomodulators in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

The hemostatic molecular mechanism of Sanguisorbae Radix's pharmacological active components based on HSA: Spectroscopic investigations, molecular docking and dynamics simulation

The interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and the hemostatic components of the Chinese medicine Sanguisorbae Radix (SR), specifically phenolic acid compounds such as caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA) and their 1:1 mixture (1:1) were studied to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the hemostatic effect of SR. Network pharmacology combined with the experimental and computational data revealed that HSA is one of the hemostatic targets to SR phenolic acids. SDS-PAGE and multi-spectroscopy demonstrated that the phenolic acids bind to the Sudlow site I on HSA, altering its structure and influencing its migration velocity. There is an observed synergistic effect upon the mixture of CA and FA. Quantum chemistry, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the binding of phenolic acids to HSA is stable, and variations in binding efficiency are associated with the hydrophobicity of the substituent at the C3 position of the side chain, and also, the key amino acids and functional groups for hemostasis of SR were identified, along with the active sites that contribute to the synergistic enhancement by phenolic acids.

A novel strategy for the quality control of carbonized Typhae pollen using colorimeter, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and efficacy evaluation coupled with multivariate statistical analysis

In this study, a novel quality control strategy was proposed, aiming to establish a multivariate specification for the processing step by exploring the correlation between colors, chemical components, and hemostatic effects of the carbonized Typhae pollen (CTP) using multivariate statistical analysis. The CTP samples were stir-fried at different durations. Afterward, the colorimeter and LC-MS techniques were applied to characterize the CTP samples, followed by the determination of bleeding time and clotting time using mice to evaluate their hemostatic effect. Then, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multi-block partial least squares were used for data analysis on colors, chemical components, and their correlation with the hemostatic effect. Consequently, 13 critical quality attributes (CQAs) of CTP were identified via multivariate statistical analysis-L*, a*, b*, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, azelaic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. The multivariate specification method involving the 13 CQAs was developed and visualized in the latent variable space of the partial least squares model, indicating that the proposed method was successfully applied to assess the quality of CTP and the degree of carbonization. Most importantly, this study offers a novel insight into the control of processing for carbonized Chinese herbal medicines.

Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective

Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.

Cellulose filter paper immobilized α-glucosidase and its application to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine

In this study, α-glucosidase was successfully immobilized on cellulose filter paper and further applied to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines combined with CE analysis. For α-glucosidase immobilization, cellulose filter paper was used as the carrier and grafted with amino groups by coating chitosan, then α-glucosidase was covalently bonded on the amino-modified carrier via epoxy ring-opening reaction using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as the crosslinker. Several parameters influencing the enzyme immobilization were optimized and the optimal values were enzyme concentration of 4 U mL^-1 , polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether concentration of 1.25%, chitosan concentration of 7.5 mg mL^-1 , immobilization pH 7.0, crosslinking time of 4 h and immobilization time of 2 h. The immobilized α-glucosidase exhibited good batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.1%, n = 5), excellent storage stability (73.5% of its initial activity after being stored at 4°C for 15 days) and reusability (75% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles). The Michaelis constant of immobilized α-glucosidase and half-maximal inhibitory concentration of acarbose were calculated to be 1.12 mM and 0.38 μM, respectively. Finally, the immobilized α-glucosidase was used for screening inhibitors from 14 kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts, and Sanguisorbae Radix showed the strongest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.