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Nielsen BE, Ford CP. Reduced striatal M4-cholinergic signaling following dopamine loss contributes to parkinsonian and l-DOPA-induced dyskinetic behaviors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp6301. [PMID: 39565858 PMCID: PMC11578179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic equilibrium between dopamine and acetylcholine (ACh) is essential for striatal circuitry and motor function, as imbalances are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Conventional theories posit that cholinergic signaling is pathologically elevated in PD as a result of increased ACh release, which contributes to motor deficits. However, using approaches to measure receptor-mediated signaling, we found that, rather than the predicted enhancement, the strength of cholinergic transmission at muscarinic M4 receptor synapses on direct pathway medium spiny neurons was decreased in dopamine-depleted mice. This adaptation was due to a reduced postsynaptic M4 receptor function, resulting from down-regulated receptors and downstream signaling. Restoring M4 transmission unexpectedly led to a partial alleviation of motor deficits and LID dyskinetic behavior, revealing an unexpected prokinetic effect in addition to the canonical antikinetic role of M4 receptors. These findings indicate that decreased M4 function differentially contributes to parkinsonian and LID pathophysiology, representing a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E. Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Christopher P. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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Cutrona C, Marchet F, Costanzo M, De Bartolo MI, Leodori G, Ferrazzano G, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Berardelli A, Belvisi D. Exploring the Central Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review from Animal Models to Human Evidence. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 38251226 PMCID: PMC10818853 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an effective and safe therapy for the symptomatic treatment of several neurological disturbances. An important line of research has provided numerous pieces of evidence about the mechanisms of action of BoNT in the central nervous system, especially in the context of dystonia and spasticity. However, only a few studies focused on the possible central effects of BoNT in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a systematic review to describe and discuss the evidence from studies focused on possible central effects of BoNT in PD animal models and PD patients. To this aim, a literature search in PubMed and SCOPUS was performed in May 2023. The records were screened according to title and abstract by two independent reviewers and relevant articles were selected for full-text review. Most of the papers highlighted by our review report that the intrastriatal administration of BoNT, through local anticholinergic action and the remodulation of striatal compensatory mechanisms secondary to dopaminergic denervation, induces an improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms in the absence of neuronal loss in animal models of PD. In human subjects, the data are scarce: a single neurophysiological study in tremulous PD patients found that the change in tremor severity after peripheral BoNT administration was associated with improved sensory-motor integration and intracortical inhibition measures. Further clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies are necessary to clarify the possible central effects of BoNT in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cutrona
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Marchet
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Matteo Costanzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Ilenia De Bartolo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Gina Ferrazzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (M.I.D.B.); (G.L.); (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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Antidepressant-Like Properties of Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070505. [PMID: 34357977 PMCID: PMC8310221 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s patients often suffer from depression and anxiety, for which there are no optimal treatments. Hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats were used to test whether intrastriatal Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) application could also have antidepressant-like properties in addition to the known improvement of motor performance. To quantify depression- and anxiety-like behavior, the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test were applied to hemi-PD rats injected with BoNT-A or vehicle. Furthermore, we correlated the results in the forced swim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test with the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine and amphetamine. Hemi-PD rats did not show significant anxiety-like behavior as compared with Sham 6-OHDA- + Sham BoNT-A-injected as well as with non-injected rats. However, hemi-PD rats demonstrated increased depression-like behaviors compared with Sham- or non-injected rats; this was seen by increased struggling frequency and increased immobility frequency. Hemi-PD rats intrastriatally injected with BoNT-A exhibited reduced depression-like behavior compared with the respective vehicle-receiving hemi-PD animals. The significant effects of intrastriatally applied BoNT-A seen in the forced swim test are reminiscent of those found after various antidepressant drug therapies. Our data correspond with the efficacy of BoNT-A treatment of glabellar frown lines in treating patients with major depression and suggest that also intrastriatal injected BoNT-A may have some antidepressant-like effect on hemi-PD.
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Antipova V, Wree A, Holzmann C, Mann T, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Schmitt O, Hawlitschka A. Unilateral Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection into the Striatum of C57BL/6 Mice Leads to a Different Motor Behavior Compared with Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E295. [PMID: 30018211 PMCID: PMC6070800 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Different morphological changes in the caudate-putamen (CPu) of naïve rats and mice were observed after intrastriatal botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) injection. For this purpose we here studied various motor behaviors in mice (n = 46) longitudinally up to 9 months after intrastriatal BoNT-A administration as previously reported for rats, and compared both outcomes. Apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced rotational behavior, spontaneous motor behavior, as well as lateralized neglect were studied in mice after the injection of single doses of BoNT-A into the right CPu, comparing them with sham-injected animals. Unilateral intrastriatal injection of BoNT-A in mice induced significantly increased contralateral apomorphine-induced rotations for 1 to 3 months, as well as significantly increased contralateral amphetamine-induced rotations 1 to 9 months after injection. In rats (n = 28), unilateral BoNT-A injection also induced significantly increased contralateral apomorphine-induced rotations 3 months after injection, but did not provoke amphetamine-induced rotations at all. Lateralized sensorimotor integration, forelimb preference, and forelimb stepping were significantly impaired on the left side. The differences in motor behaviors between rats and mice may be caused by different BoNT-A effects on cholinergic and catecholaminergic fibers in rat and mouse striata, interspecies differences in striatal receptor densities, and different connectomes of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Antipova
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Teresa Mann
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
- JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hawlitschka
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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