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Huang X, Jin L, Chang T, Liu J, Qu Y, Li J, Bai W, Li C, Wang J. Altered regional neural activity and functional connectivity in patients with non-communicating hydrocephalus: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1438149. [PMID: 39206284 PMCID: PMC11349552 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1438149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment is a frequent clinical symptom of non-communicating hydrocephalus (NCH) involving multiple domains, including executive function, working memory, visual-spatial function, language, and attention. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to obtain information on functional activity in local brain areas and functional connectivity (FC) across multiple brain regions. However, studies on the associated cognitive impairment are limited; further, the pathophysiological mechanisms of NCH with cognitive impairment remain unclear. Here, we aimed to explore alterations in regional neural activity and FC, as well as the mechanisms of cognitive impairment, in patients with NCH. Methods Overall, 16 patients with NCH and 25 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and fMRI. Changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC), and region of interest-based FC were analyzed in both groups. The relationship between fMRI metrics (ReHo, DC, and FC) and MMSE scores in patients with NCH was also investigated. Results and discussion Compared with the HC group, the NCH group exhibited significantly lower ReHo values in the left precentral and postcentral gyri, and significantly higher ReHo values in the left medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). The NCH group also showed significantly higher DC values in the bilateral MPFC compared with the HC group. Regarding seed-based FC, the MPFC showed reduced FC values in the right superior parietal and postcentral gyrus in the NCH group compared with those in the HC group. Moreover, within the NCH group, MMSE scores were significantly negatively correlated with the ReHo value in the left MPFC and the DC value in the bilateral MPFC, whereas MMSE scores were significantly positively correlated with FC values. To conclude, regional neural activity and FC are altered in patients with NCH and are correlated with cognitive impairment. These results advance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between NCH and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Huang
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengwu Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Radiographic Image Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jinyong Li
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wenju Bai
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
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2
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Luo L, Luo Y, Chen X, Xiao M, Bian Z, Leng X, Li W, Wang J, Yang Y, Liu Y, Chen H. Structural and functional neural patterns among sub-threshold bulimia nervosa: Abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 342:111825. [PMID: 38833945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent among youngsters and highly associated with dysfunction in neurocognitive systems. We aimed to identify the potential changes in individuals with bulimia symptoms (sub-BN) to generate insights to understand developmental pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa. METHODS We investigated group differences in terms of degree centrality (DC) and gray matter volume (GMV) among 145 undergraduates with bulimia symptoms and 140 matched control undergraduates, with the secondary analysis of the whole brain connectivity in these regions of interest showing differences in static functional connectivity (FC). RESULTS The sub-BN group exhibited abnormalities of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex in both GMV and DC, and displayed decreased FC between these regions and the precuneus. We also observed that sub-BN presented with reduced FC between the calcarine and superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. Additionally, brain-behavioral associations suggest a distinct relationship between these FCs and psychopathological symptoms in sub-BN group. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that individuals with bulimia symptoms present with aberrant neural patterns that mainly involved in cognitive control and reward processing, as well as attentional and self-referential processing, which could provide important insights into the pathology of BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ziming Bian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuechen Leng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Soares B, Ong J, Waisberg E, Sarker P, Zaman N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Imaging in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): Current technology and future directions in modalities. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 42:40-46. [PMID: 39067989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
With plans for future long-duration crewed exploration, NASA has identified several high priority potential health risks to astronauts in space. One such risk is a collection of neurologic and ophthalmic findings termed spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). The findings of SANS include optic disc edema, globe flattening, retinal nerve fiber layer thickening, chorioretinal folds, hyperopic shifts, and cotton-wool spots. The cause of SANS was initially thought to be a cephalad fluid shift in microgravity leading to increased intracranial pressure, venous stasis and impaired CSF outflow, but the precise etiology of SANS remains ill defined. Recent studies have explored multiple possible pathogenic mechanisms for SANS including genetic and hormonal factors; a cephalad shift of fluid into the orbit and brain in microgravity; and disruption to the brain glymphatic system. Orbital, ocular, and cranial imaging, both on Earth and in space has been critical in the diagnosis and monitoring of SANS (e.g., fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and orbital/cranial ultrasound). In addition, we highlight near-infrared spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging, two newer modalities with potential use in future studies of SANS. In this manuscript we provide a review of these modalities, outline their current and potential use in space and on Earth, and review the reported major imaging findings in SANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soares
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, United States.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin St #450, Houston, Texas 77030, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
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Yin Y, Liu J, Fan Q, Zhao S, Wu X, Wang J, Liu Y, Li Y, Lu W. Long-term spaceflight composite stress induces depression and cognitive impairment in astronauts-insights from neuroplasticity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:342. [PMID: 37938258 PMCID: PMC10632511 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment on the space station is quite unique compared to Earth, which is a composite of multiple stressors, such as microgravity, isolation, confinement, noise, circadian rhythm disturbance, and so on. During prolonged space missions, astronauts have to stay in such extreme environments for long periods, which could induce adverse effects on both their physical and mental health. In some circumstances, this kind of long-term spaceflight composite stress (LSCS) could also induce depression and cognitive impairment in various ways, including dysregulating the neuroplasticity of the brains of astronauts, which should be attached to great importance. Here, we have comprehensively reviewed the impact of individual and combined stressors on depression and cognitive function during long-term spaceflight, explained the underlying mechanisms of those effects from the perspective of neuroplasticity, and current countermeasures for mitigating these challenges. This review provides insights into LSCS and potential neuroplasticity mechanisms, current with potentially great impact for understanding and mitigating the mental health risks and traumas of career astronauts and space tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yin
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Junlian Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Quanchun Fan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaorui Wu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yu Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin, 150001, China.
- The Intelligent Equipment Research Center for the Exploitation of Characteristic Food & Medicine Resources, Chongqing Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401135, China.
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McGregor HR, Lee JK, Mulder ER, De Dios YE, Beltran NE, Wood SJ, Bloomberg JJ, Mulavara AP, Seidler RD. Artificial gravity during a spaceflight analog alters brain sensory connectivity. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120261. [PMID: 37422277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight has numerous untoward effects on human physiology. Various countermeasures are under investigation including artificial gravity (AG). Here, we investigated whether AG alters resting-state brain functional connectivity changes during head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR), a spaceflight analog. Participants underwent 60 days of HDBR. Two groups received daily AG administered either continuously (cAG) or intermittently (iAG). A control group received no AG. We assessed resting-state functional connectivity before, during, and after HDBR. We also measured balance and mobility changes from pre- to post-HDBR. We examined how functional connectivity changes throughout HDBR and whether AG is associated with differential effects. We found differential connectivity changes by group between posterior parietal cortex and multiple somatosensory regions. The control group exhibited increased functional connectivity between these regions throughout HDBR whereas the cAG group showed decreased functional connectivity. This finding suggests that AG alters somatosensory reweighting during HDBR. We also observed brain-behavioral correlations that differed significantly by group. Control group participants who showed increased connectivity between the putamen and somatosensory cortex exhibited greater mobility declines post-HDBR. For the cAG group, increased connectivity between these regions was associated with little to no mobility declines post-HDBR. This suggests that when somatosensory stimulation is provided via AG, functional connectivity increases between the putamen and somatosensory cortex are compensatory in nature, resulting in reduced mobility declines. Given these findings, AG may be an effective countermeasure for the reduced somatosensory stimulation that occurs in both microgravity and HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica K Lee
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edwin R Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Scott J Wood
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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6
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Li Y, Yu Y, Yin Y, Hu X, Wu S. Regions with Altered Degree Centrality and Their Functional Connectivity in First-Episode Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2023; 24:217-225. [PMID: 38105781 PMCID: PMC10724787 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2023.231191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify regions with altered degrees of centrality (DC) and changes in their functional connectivity (FC) in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder (FEDN-MDD) patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods The study included 74 FEDN-MDD patients who met the study criteria and 41 healthy controls (HCs). All had undergone fMRI scanning in the resting condition. To evaluate differences between FEDN-MDD patients and HCs, we first compared the DC between the 2 groups. The DC regions with the most significant differences were then taken as seeds, and their FC was calculated. Results Right posterior cingulum cortex (PCC.R), right precuneus (PCUN.R), and right putamen (PUT.R) all showed significantly different DC values (P < .001) between FEDN-MDD patients and HC groups, which helped in distinguishing these groups. The PUT.R in FEDN-MDD patients showed increased FC (P < .001) with the right inferior temporal gyrus and right inferior occipital gyrus compared to HC. Moreover, the PCUN.R in FEDN-MDD patients showed decreased FC (P < .001) with bilateral cerebellum crus I, left cerebellum crus II, bilateral orbital medial frontal gyrus, right superior medial frontal gyrus, left precuneus, left posterior cingulum cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, and PCC.R compared with the HC group. The P-values for cluster testing were .050, while for voxel testing they were .001. Conclusion These findings imply that PUT.R, PCUN.R, and PCC.R serve as the core brain net hub in FEDN-MDD patients, and their FC displays aberrant function. This may involve a specific psychiatric neuropathology associated with FEDN-MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou Seventh People`s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, China
| | - Yingyi Yu
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou Seventh People`s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Psychosomatic, Hangzhou Seventh People`s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, China
| | - Xiwen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People`s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Seventh People`s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, China
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Wang L, Hu F, Li W, Li Q, Li Y, Zhu J, Wei X, Yang J, Guo J, Qin Y, Shi H, Wang W, Wang Y. Relapse risk revealed by degree centrality and cluster analysis in heroin addicts undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2216-2228. [PMID: 34702384 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on hubs of neural circuits associated with addiction and their degree centrality (DC), this study aimed to construct the addiction-related brain networks for patients diagnosed with heroin dependence undertaking stable methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and further prospectively identify the ones at high risk for relapse with cluster analysis. METHODS Sixty-two male MMT patients and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent brain resting-state functional MRI data acquisition. The patients received 26-month follow-up for the monthly illegal-drug-use information. Ten addiction-related hubs were chosen to construct a user-defined network for the patients. Then the networks were discriminated with K-means-clustering-algorithm into different groups and followed by comparative analysis to the groups and HC. Regression analysis was used to investigate the brain regions significantly contributed to relapse. RESULTS Sixty MMT patients were classified into two groups according to their brain-network patterns calculated by the best clustering-number-K. The two groups had no difference in the demographic, psychological indicators and clinical information except relapse rate and total heroin consumption. The group with high-relapse had a wider range of DC changes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuit relative to HC and a reduced DC in the mesocorticolimbic circuit relative to the low-relapse group. DC activity in NAc, vACC, hippocampus and amygdala were closely related with relapse. CONCLUSION MMT patients can be identified and classified into two subgroups with significantly different relapse rates by defining distinct brain-network patterns even if we are blind to their relapse outcomes in advance. This may provide a new strategy to optimize MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial Geology and Mineral Resources Bureau, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Saveko A, Bekreneva M, Ponomarev I, Zelenskaya I, Riabova A, Shigueva T, Kitov V, Abu Sheli N, Nosikova I, Rukavishnikov I, Sayenko D, Tomilovskaya E. Impact of different ground-based microgravity models on human sensorimotor system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1085545. [PMID: 36875039 PMCID: PMC9974674 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1085545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This review includes current and updated information about various ground-based microgravity models and their impact on the human sensorimotor system. All known models of microgravity are imperfect in a simulation of the physiological effects of microgravity but have their advantages and disadvantages. This review points out that understanding the role of gravity in motion control requires consideration of data from different environments and in various contexts. The compiled information can be helpful to researchers to effectively plan experiments using ground-based models of the effects of space flight, depending on the problem posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Saveko
- Russian Federation State Scientific Center—Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Jillings S, Pechenkova E, Tomilovskaya E, Rukavishnikov I, Jeurissen B, Van Ombergen A, Nosikova I, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Annen J, De Laet C, Schoenmaekers C, Sijbers J, Petrovichev V, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Sinitsyn V, Eulenburg PZ, Laureys S, Demertzi A, Wuyts FL. Prolonged microgravity induces reversible and persistent changes on human cerebral connectivity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:46. [PMID: 36639420 PMCID: PMC9839680 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospect of continued manned space missions warrants an in-depth understanding of how prolonged microgravity affects the human brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can pinpoint changes reflecting adaptive neuroplasticity across time. We acquired resting-state fMRI data of cosmonauts before, shortly after, and eight months after spaceflight as a follow-up to assess global connectivity changes over time. Our results show persisting connectivity decreases in posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus and persisting increases in the right angular gyrus. Connectivity in the bilateral insular cortex decreased after spaceflight, which reversed at follow-up. No significant connectivity changes across eight months were found in a matched control group. Overall, we show that altered gravitational environments influence functional connectivity longitudinally in multimodal brain hubs, reflecting adaptations to unfamiliar and conflicting sensory input in microgravity. These results provide insights into brain functional modifications occurring during spaceflight, and their further development when back on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jillings
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Pechenkova
- grid.410682.90000 0004 0578 2005Laboratory for Cognitive Research, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Tomilovskaya
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124SSC RF—Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Rukavishnikov
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124SSC RF—Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681imec-Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Angelique Van Ombergen
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Translational Neuroscience—ENT, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Inna Nosikova
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124SSC RF—Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Rumshiskaya
- grid.415738.c0000 0000 9216 2496Radiology Department, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Litvinova
- grid.415738.c0000 0000 9216 2496Radiology Department, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jitka Annen
- grid.411374.40000 0000 8607 6858Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, GIGA Institute, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chloë De Laet
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catho Schoenmaekers
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681imec-Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Victor Petrovichev
- grid.415738.c0000 0000 9216 2496Radiology Department, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul M. Parizel
- grid.416195.e0000 0004 0453 3875Department of Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital and University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Valentin Sinitsyn
- grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter zu Eulenburg
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute for Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steven Laureys
- grid.411374.40000 0000 8607 6858Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, GIGA Institute, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC Canada ,grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154International Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Athena Demertzi
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Physiology of Cognition, GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium ,grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Floris L. Wuyts
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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10
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Cañete-Massé C, Carbó-Carreté M, Peró-Cebollero M, Cui SX, Yan CG, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Abnormal degree centrality and functional connectivity in Down syndrome: A resting-state fMRI study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100341. [PMID: 36262644 PMCID: PMC9551068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Neuroimaging studies have shown brain abnormalities in Down syndrome (DS) but have not clarified the underlying mechanisms of dysfunction. Here, we investigated the degree centrality (DC) abnormalities found in the DS group compared with the control group, and we conducted seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with the significant clusters found in DC. Moreover, we used the significant clusters of DC and the seed-based FC to elucidate differences between brain networks in DS compared with controls. Method The sample comprised 18 persons with DS (M = 28.67, SD = 4.18) and 18 controls (M = 28.56, SD = 4.26). Both samples underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results DC analysis showed increased DC in the DS in temporal and right frontal lobe, as well as in the left caudate and rectus and decreased DC in the DS in regions of the left frontal lobe. Regarding seed-based FC, DS showed increased and decreased FC. Significant differences were also found between networks using Yeo parcellations, showing both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between and within networks. Conclusions DC, seed-based FC and brain networks seem altered in DS, finding hypo- and hyperconnectivity depending on the areas. Network analysis revealed between- and within-network differences, and these abnormalities shown in DS could be related to the characteristics of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author at: Campus de Mundet, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Carbó-Carreté
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shi-Xian Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Chen S, Li R, Wang P, Li J. Separation of memory span and learning rate: Evidence from behavior and spontaneous brain activity in older adults. Psych J 2022; 11:823-836. [PMID: 35922140 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how the ability to initially acquire information in a first learning trial relates to learning rate in subsequent repeated trials. The separation of memory span and learning rate is an important psychological dilemma that remains unaddressed. Given the potential effects of aging on memory and learning, this study investigated the separation of memory span and learning rate from behavior and spontaneous brain activity in older adults. We enrolled a total of 758 participants, including 707 healthy older adults and 51 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Sixty-five participants out of 707 completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Behaviorally, memory span and learning rate were not correlated with each other in the paired-associative learning test (PALT) but were negatively correlated in the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). This indicated that the relationship between memory span and learning rate for item memory might be differentially affected by aging. Interaction analysis confirmed that these two capacities were differentially affected by test type (associative memory vs. item memory). Additionally, at three progressive brain activity indexes (ALFF, ReHo, and DC), the right brain regions (right inferior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus) were more negatively correlated with memory span, whereas, the left precuneus was more positively correlated with learning rate. Regarding pathological aging, none of the correlations between memory span and learning rate were significant in either PALT or AVLT in MCI. This study provides novel evidence for the dissociation of memory span and learning rate at behavioral and brain activity levels, which may have useful applications in detecting cognitive deficits or conducting cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Chen
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Arshad I, Ferrè ER. Express: Cognition in Zero Gravity: Effects of Non-Terrestrial Gravity on Human Behaviour. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 76:979-994. [PMID: 35786100 PMCID: PMC10119906 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As humanity prepares for deep space exploration, understanding the impact of spaceflight on bodily physiology is critical. While the effects of non-terrestrial gravity on the body are well established, little is known about its impact on human behaviour and cognition. Astronauts often describe dramatic alterations in sensorimotor functioning, including orientation, postural control and balance. Changes in cognitive functioning as well as in socio-affective processing have also been observed. Here we have reviewed the key literature and explored the impact of non-terrestrial gravity across three key functional domains: sensorimotor, cognition, and socio-affective processing. We have proposed a neuroanatomical model to account for the effects of non-terrestrial gravity in these domains. Understanding the impact of non-terrestrial gravity on human behaviour has never been more timely and it will help mitigate against risks in both commercial and non-commercial spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Arshad
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK 3162
| | - Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK 3162
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13
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McGregor HR, Lee JK, Mulder ER, De Dios YE, Beltran NE, Kofman IS, Bloomberg JJ, Mulavara AP, Smith SM, Zwart SR, Seidler RD. Ophthalmic changes in a spaceflight analog are associated with brain functional reorganization. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4281-4297. [PMID: 34105833 PMCID: PMC8357001 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Following long-duration spaceflight, some astronauts exhibit ophthalmic structural changes referred to as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). Optic disc edema is a common sign of SANS. The origin and effects of SANS are not understood as signs of SANS have not manifested in previous spaceflight analog studies. In the current spaceflight analog study, 11 subjects underwent 30 days of strict head down-tilt bed rest in elevated ambient carbon dioxide (HDBR+CO2 ). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we acquired resting-state fMRI data at 6 time points: before (2), during (2), and after (2) the HDBR+CO2 intervention. Five participants developed optic disc edema during the intervention (SANS subgroup) and 6 did not (NoSANS group). This occurrence allowed us to explore whether development of signs of SANS during the spaceflight analog impacted resting-state functional connectivity during HDBR+CO2 . In light of previous work identifying genetic and biochemical predictors of SANS, we further assessed whether the SANS and NoSANS subgroups exhibited differential patterns of resting-state functional connectivity prior to the HDBR+CO2 intervention. We found that the SANS and NoSANS subgroups exhibited distinct patterns of resting-state functional connectivity changes during HDBR+CO2 within visual and vestibular-related brain networks. The SANS and NoSANS subgroups also exhibited different resting-state functional connectivity prior to HDBR+CO2 within a visual cortical network and within a large-scale network of brain areas involved in multisensory integration. We further present associations between functional connectivity within the identified networks and previously identified genetic and biochemical predictors of SANS. Subgroup differences in resting-state functional connectivity changes may reflect differential patterns of visual and vestibular reweighting as optic disc edema develops during the spaceflight analog. This finding suggests that SANS impacts not only neuro-ocular structures, but also functional brain organization. Future prospective investigations incorporating sensory assessments are required to determine the functional significance of the observed connectivity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R. McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jessica K. Lee
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace CenterCologneGermany
| | - Edwin R. Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace CenterCologneGermany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachael D. Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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14
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Brauns K, Friedl-Werner A, Maggioni MA, Gunga HC, Stahn AC. Head-Down Tilt Position, but Not the Duration of Bed Rest Affects Resting State Electrocortical Activity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638669. [PMID: 33716785 PMCID: PMC7951060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse cognitive and behavioral conditions and psychiatric disorders are considered a critical and unmitigated risk during future long-duration space missions (LDSM). Monitoring and mitigating crew health and performance risks during these missions will require tools and technologies that allow to reliably assess cognitive performance and mental well-being. Electroencephalography (EEG) has the potential to meet the technical requirements for the non-invasive and objective monitoring of neurobehavioral conditions during LDSM. Weightlessness is associated with fluid and brain shifts, and these effects could potentially challenge the interpretation of resting state EEG recordings. Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) provides a unique spaceflight analog to study these effects on Earth. Here, we present data from two long-duration HDBR experiments, which were used to systematically investigate the time course of resting state electrocortical activity during prolonged HDBR. EEG spectral power significantly reduced within the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. Likewise, EEG source localization revealed significantly lower activity in a broad range of centroparietal and occipital areas within the alpha and beta frequency domains. These changes were observed shortly after the onset of HDBR, did not change throughout HDBR, and returned to baseline after the cessation of bed rest. EEG resting state functional connectivity was not affected by HDBR. The results provide evidence for a postural effect on resting state brain activity that persists throughout long-duration HDBR, indicating that immobilization and inactivity per se do not affect resting state electrocortical activity during HDBR. Our findings raise an important issue on the validity of EEG to identify the time course of changes in brain function during prolonged HBDR, and highlight the importance to maintain a consistent body posture during all testing sessions, including data collections at baseline and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brauns
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friedl-Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.,INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Université de Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Martina A Maggioni
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander C Stahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Altered brain intrinsic functional hubs and connectivity associated with relapse risk in heroin dependents undergoing methadone maintenance treatment: A resting-state fMRI study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108503. [PMID: 33444899 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural substrates underlying the relapse behavior of heroin dependents (HD) who received long-term methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have yet to be thoroughly expounded. This study investigated the relapse-related intrinsic functional hubs of HD and their functional integration feature at whole brain network level. METHODS 57 male HD receiving MMT and 49 matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. All of the subjects received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. And the 57 patients were assigned a 26-month follow-up for collecting illegal drug use information. Of them, 11 were non-relapsers and 46 relapsers. We analyzed the voxel-based degree centrality (DC) to reveal the differences in nodule centrality between HD and HC, conducted Pearson partial-correlation analysis to confirm the relationship between relapse frequency and DC value of the nodes with significant intergroup differences, and finally compared the functional connectivity (FC) of the relapse-related hubs between non-relapsers and relapsers. RESULTS We found the DC values of right insula and left nucleus accumbens (NAc) were negatively correlated with relapse frequency. Compared with the non-relapsers, the relapsers had a significant decreased FC between left NAc and inhibitory control circuitry, including left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus and motor regions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the neural substrates of relapse vulnerability in HD undergoing MMT are the intrinsic functional hubs of introceptive and reward systems and the latter modulates relapse behavior via interaction with inhibitory control circuit.
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16
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Buoite Stella A, Ajčević M, Furlanis G, Manganotti P. Neurophysiological adaptations to spaceflight and simulated microgravity. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 132:498-504. [PMID: 33450569 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in physiological functions after spaceflight and simulated spaceflight involve several mechanisms. Microgravity is one of them and it can be partially reproduced with models, such as head down bed rest (HDBR). Yet, only a few studies have investigated in detail the complexity of neurophysiological systems and their integration to maintain homeostasis. Central nervous system changes have been studied both in their structural and functional component with advanced techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), showing the main involvement of the cerebellum, cortical sensorimotor, and somatosensory areas, as well as vestibular-related pathways. Analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) led to contrasting results, mainly due to the different factors affecting brain activity. The study of corticospinal excitability may enable a deeper understanding of countermeasures' effect, since greater excitability has been shown being correlated with better preservation of functions. Less is known about somatosensory evoked potentials and peripheral nerve function, yet they may be involved in a homeostatic mechanism fundamental to thermoregulation. Extending the knowledge of such alterations during simulated microgravity may be useful not only for space exploration, but for its application in clinical conditions and for life on Earth, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Buoite Stella
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miloš Ajčević
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Furlanis
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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17
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McGregor HR, Lee JK, Mulder ER, De Dios YE, Beltran NE, Kofman IS, Bloomberg JJ, Mulavara AP, Seidler RD. Brain connectivity and behavioral changes in a spaceflight analog environment with elevated CO 2. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117450. [PMID: 33075558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are exposed to microgravity and elevated CO2 levels onboard the International Space Station. Little is known about how microgravity and elevated CO2 combine to affect the brain and sensorimotor performance during and after spaceflight. Here we examined changes in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and sensorimotor behavior associated with a spaceflight analog environment. Participants underwent 30 days of strict 6o head-down tilt bed rest with elevated ambient CO2 (HDBR+CO2). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and sensorimotor assessments were collected 13 and 7 days prior to bed rest, on days 7 and 29 of bed rest, and 0, 5, 12, and 13 days following bed rest. We assessed the time course of FC changes from before, during, to after HDBR+CO2. We then compared the observed connectivity changes with those of a HDBR control group that underwent HDBR in standard ambient air. Moreover, we assessed associations between post-HDBR+CO2 FC changes and alterations in sensorimotor performance. HDBR+CO2 was associated with significant changes in functional connectivity between vestibular, visual, somatosensory and motor brain areas. Several of these sensory and motor regions showed post-HDBR+CO2 FC changes that were significantly associated with alterations in sensorimotor performance. We propose that these FC changes reflect multisensory reweighting associated with adaptation to the HDBR+CO2 microgravity analog environment. This knowledge will further improve HDBR as a model of microgravity exposure and contribute to our knowledge of brain and performance changes during and after spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Jessica K Lee
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edwin R Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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18
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Friedl-Werner A, Brauns K, Gunga HC, Kühn S, Stahn AC. Exercise-induced changes in brain activity during memory encoding and retrieval after long-term bed rest. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117359. [PMID: 32919056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory depends decisively on the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus, brain structures that are also prone to exercise-induced neuroplasticity and cognitive improvement. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a high-intensity exercise program in twenty-two men resting in bed for 60 days on episodic memory and its neuronal basis. All participants were exposed to 60 days of uninterrupted bed rest. Eleven participants were additionally assigned to a high-intensity interval training that was performed five to six times weekly for 60 days. Episodic memory and its neural basis were determined four days prior to and on the 58th day of bed rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found increased BOLD signal in the left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in the non-exercising group compared to the exercising bed rest group whereas the mnemonic performance did not differ significantly. These findings indicate a higher neuronal efficiency in the training group during memory encoding and retrieval and may suggest a dysfunctional mechanism in the non-exercising bed rest group induced by two months of physical inactivity. Our results provide further support for the modulating effects of physical exercise and adverse implications of a sedentary lifestyle and bedridden patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Friedl-Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, CharitéCrossOver, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Université de Normandie, INSERM U 1075 COMETE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Katharina Brauns
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, CharitéCrossOver, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, CharitéCrossOver, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander C Stahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, CharitéCrossOver, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Unit of Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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19
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Electrocortical Evidence for Impaired Affective Picture Processing after Long-Term Immobilization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16610. [PMID: 31719552 PMCID: PMC6851182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobehavioral risks associated with spaceflight are not well understood. In particular, little attention has been paid on the role of resilience, social processes and emotion regulation during long-duration spaceflight. Bed rest is a well-established spaceflight analogue that combines the adaptations associated with physical inactivity and semi-isolation and confinement. We here investigated the effects of 30 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest on affective picture processing using event-related potentials (ERP) in healthy men. Compared to a control group, bed rest participants showed significantly decreased P300 and LPP amplitudes to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, especially in centroparietal regions, after 30 days of bed rest. Source localization revealed a bilateral lower activity in the posterior cingulate gyrus, insula and precuneus in the bed rest group in both ERP time frames for emotional, but not neutral stimuli.
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20
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Chen X, Li X, Yan T, Dong Q, Mao Z, Wang Y, Yang N, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Xiang YT, Song J, Wu H, Dong Q, Chen C, Wang C, Li J. Network functional connectivity analysis in individuals at ultrahigh risk for psychosis and patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 290:51-57. [PMID: 31288150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, and the onset of which is preceded by a stage of ultrahigh risk (UHR) for developing psychosis. Therefore, analyzing individuals with UHR is essential for identifying predictive biomarkers for the onset of schizophrenia. The current study aimed to identify such biomarkers based on a voxelwise whole-brain functional degree centrality (FDC) analysis. Conjunction analysis showed that, compared with healthy controls, both UHR subjects and patients with schizophrenia showed significantly increased FDC at the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and significantly decreased FDC at the right fusiform gyrus (FG). The subsequent partial correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the disorganization symptoms and FDCs at the MPFC and the right FG for both UHR subjects and patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that FDC within the MPFC and the right FG could be candidate biomarkers for the onset of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Yan
- The PLA 102(nd) Hospital and Mental Health Center of Military. Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Qianhong Dong
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The PLA 102(nd) Hospital and Mental Health Center of Military. Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Ningbo Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China.
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21
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Pechenkova E, Nosikova I, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Rukavishnikov I, Mershina E, Sinitsyn V, Van Ombergen A, Jeurissen B, Jillings S, Laureys S, Sijbers J, Grishin A, Chernikova L, Naumov I, Kornilova L, Wuyts FL, Tomilovskaya E, Kozlovskaya I. Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI. Front Physiol 2019; 10:761. [PMID: 31333476 PMCID: PMC6621543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum. While no post-flight alterations were observed in terms of activation, the network-based statistics approach revealed task-specific functional connectivity modifications within a broader set of regions involving the activation sites along with other parts of the sensorimotor neural network and the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. The most notable findings included a post-flight increase in the stimulation-specific connectivity of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus with the rest of the brain; a strengthening of connections between the left and right insulae; decreased connectivity of the vestibular nuclei, right inferior parietal cortex (BA40) and cerebellum with areas associated with motor, visual, vestibular, and proprioception functions; and decreased coupling of the cerebellum with the visual cortex and the right inferior parietal cortex. The severity of space motion sickness symptoms was found to correlate with a post- to pre-flight difference in connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and the left anterior insula. Due to the complex nature and rapid dynamics of adaptation to gravity alterations, the post-flight findings might be attributed to both the long-term microgravity exposure and to the readaptation to Earth's gravity that took place between the landing and post-flight MRI session. Nevertheless, the results have implications for the multisensory reweighting and gravitational motor system theories, generating hypotheses to be tested in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inna Nosikova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Rumshiskaya
- Radiology Department, Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Litvinova
- Radiology Department, Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Rukavishnikov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Mershina
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin Sinitsyn
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Angelique Van Ombergen
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- iMec/Vision Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Jillings
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness Research Centre, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness Research Centre, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- iMec/Vision Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Ludmila Chernikova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Naumov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Kornilova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Floris L. Wuyts
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elena Tomilovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inessa Kozlovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Nguyen DT, Ryu S, Qureshi MNI, Choi M, Lee KH, Lee B. Hybrid multivariate pattern analysis combined with extreme learning machine for Alzheimer's dementia diagnosis using multi-measure rs-fMRI spatial patterns. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212582. [PMID: 30794629 PMCID: PMC6386400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is essential for timely treatment. Machine learning and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) for the diagnosis of brain disorders are explicitly attracting attention in the neuroimaging community. In this paper, we propose a voxel-wise discriminative framework applied to multi-measure resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) that integrates hybrid MVPA and extreme learning machine (ELM) for the automated discrimination of AD and MCI from the cognitive normal (CN) state. Materials and methods We used two rs-fMRI cohorts: the public Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (ADNI2) and an in-house Alzheimer’s disease cohort from South Korea, both including individuals with AD, MCI, and normal controls. After extracting three-dimensional (3-D) patterns measuring regional coherence and functional connectivity during the resting state, we performed univariate statistical t-tests to generate a 3-D mask that retained only voxels showing significant changes. Given the initial univariate features, to enhance discriminative patterns, we implemented MVPA feature reduction using support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), in combination with the univariate t-test. Classifications were performed by an ELM, and its efficiency was compared to linear and nonlinear (radial basis function) SVMs. Results The maximal accuracies achieved by the method in the ADNI2 cohort were 98.86% (p<0.001) and 98.57% (p<0.001) for AD and MCI vs. CN, respectively. In the in-house cohort, the same accuracies were 98.70% (p<0.001) and 94.16% (p<0.001). Conclusion From a clinical perspective, combining extreme learning machine and hybrid MVPA applied on concatenations of multiple rs-fMRI biomarkers can potentially assist the clinicians in AD and MCI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Qureshi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Center for Studies in Aging (MCSA), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Zhang S, Hu J, Fan W, Liu B, Wen L, Wang G, Gong M, Yang C, Zhang D. Aberrant Cerebral Activity in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:454. [PMID: 30534056 PMCID: PMC6275219 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early postmenopausal women frequently suffer from cognitive impairments and emotional disorders, such as lack of attention, poor memory, deficits in executive function and depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of these impairments remain unclear. Method: Forty-three early postmenopausal women and forty-four age-matched premenopausal controls underwent serum sex hormone analysis, neuropsychological testing and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Degree centrality (DC) analysis was performed to confirm the peak points of the functionally abnormal brain areas as the centers of the seeds. Subsequently, the functional connectivity (FC) between these abnormal seeds and other voxels across the whole brain was calculated. Finally, the sex hormone levels, neuroimaging indices and neuropsychological data were combined to detect potential correlations. Results: Compared with the premenopausal controls, the early postmenopausal women exhibited significantly higher serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, more severe climacteric and depressive symptoms, worse sleep quality and more extensive cognitive impairments. Concurrently, the neuroimaging results showed elevated DC values in the left amygdala (AMYG.L), reduced DC values in the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG.L) and right middle occipital gyrus (MOG.R). When we used the AMYG.L as the seed point, FC with the left insula (INS.L), bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R) was increased; these regions are related to depressive states, poor sleep quality and decreased executive function. When bilateral MOG were used as the seed points, FC with left inferior parietal gyrus (IPG.L), this area closely associated with impaired memory, was decreased. Conclusion: These results illuminated the regional and network-level brain dysfunction in early postmenopausal women, which might provide information on the underlying mechanisms of the different cognitive impairments and emotional alterations observed in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijie Fan
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangxian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfu Gong
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Yuan P, Koppelmans V, Reuter-Lorenz P, De Dios Y, Gadd N, Riascos R, Kofman I, Bloomberg J, Mulavara A, Seidler RD. Change of cortical foot activation following 70 days of head-down bed rest. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:2145-2152. [PMID: 29488843 PMCID: PMC6032127 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00693.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) has been used as a spaceflight analog to study some of the effects of microgravity on human physiology, cognition, and sensorimotor functions. Previous studies have reported declines in balance control and functional mobility after spaceflight and HDBR. In this study we investigated how the brain activation for foot movement changed with HDBR. Eighteen healthy men participated in the current HDBR study. They were in a 6° head-down tilt position continuously for 70 days. Functional MRI scans were acquired to estimate brain activation for foot movement before, during, and after HDBR. Another 11 healthy men who did not undergo HDBR participated as control subjects and were scanned at four time points. In the HDBR subjects, the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, and middle occipital gyrus exhibited HDBR-related increases in activation for foot tapping, whereas no HDBR-associated activation decreases were found. For the control subjects, activation for foot tapping decreased across sessions in a couple of cerebellar regions, whereas no activation increase with session was found. Furthermore, we observed that less HDBR-related decline in functional mobility and balance control was associated with greater pre-to-post HDBR increases in brain activation for foot movement in several cerebral and cerebellar regions. Our results suggest that more neural control is needed for foot movement as a result of HDBR. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Long-duration head-down bed rest serves as a spaceflight analog research environment. We show that brain activity in the cerebellum and visual areas during foot movement increases from pre- to post-bed rest and then shows subsequent recovery. Greater increases were seen for individuals who exhibited less decline in functional mobility and balance control, suggestive of adaptive changes in neural control with long-duration bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | - Roy Riascos
- The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Rachael D Seidler
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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25
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Li L, Zhi M, Hou Z, Zhang Y, Yue Y, Yuan Y. Abnormal brain functional connectivity leads to impaired mood and cognition in hyperthyroidism: a resting-state functional MRI study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6283-6294. [PMID: 28009983 PMCID: PMC5351631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hyperthyroidism frequently have neuropsychiatric complaints such as lack of concentration, poor memory, depression, anxiety, nervousness, and irritability, suggesting brain dysfunction. However, the underlying process of these symptoms remains unclear. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we depicted the altered graph theoretical metric degree centrality (DC) and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in 33 hyperthyroid patients relative to 33 healthy controls. The peak points of significantly altered DC between the two groups were defined as the seed regions to calculate FC to the whole brain. Then, partial correlation analyses were performed between abnormal DC, FC and neuropsychological performances, as well as some clinical indexes. The decreased intrinsic functional connectivity in the posterior lobe of cerebellum (PLC) and medial frontal gyrus (MeFG), as well as the abnormal seed-based FC anchored in default mode network (DMN), attention network, visual network and cognitive network in this study, possibly constitutes the latent mechanism for emotional and cognitive changes in hyperthyroidism, including anxiety and impaired processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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26
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Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Wang C, Xiang YT, Wu H, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. Effect of rs1344706 in the ZNF804A gene on the brain network. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017. [PMID: 29527501 PMCID: PMC5842752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ZNF804A rs1344706 (A/C) was the first SNP that reached genome-wide significance for schizophrenia. Recent studies have linked rs1344706 to functional connectivity among specific brain regions. However, no study thus far has examined the role of this SNP in the entire functional connectome. In this study, we used degree centrality to test the role of rs1344706 in the whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectome during the resting state. 52 schizophrenia patients and 128 healthy controls were included in the final analysis. In our whole-brain analysis, we found a significant interaction effect of genotype × diagnosis at the precuneus (PCU) (cluster size = 52 voxels, peak voxel MNI coordinates: x = 9, y = − 69, z = 63, F = 32.57, FWE corrected P < 0.001). When we subdivided the degree centrality network according to anatomical distance, the whole-brain analysis also found a significant interaction effect of genotype × diagnosis at the PCU with the same peak in the short-range degree centrality network (cluster size = 72 voxels, F = 37.29, FWE corrected P < 0.001). No significant result was found in the long-range degree centrality network. Our results elucidated the contribution of rs1344706 to functional connectivity within the brain network, and may have important implications for our understanding of this risk gene's role in functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. This study was the first to report the effect of ZNF804A rs1344706 on the property of the whole-brain network. We found a significant interaction of rs1344706 genotype × diagnosis on the functional connectivity of the PCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, PR China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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27
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Li F, Zhou F, Huang M, Gong H, Xu R. Frequency-Specific Abnormalities of Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Strength among Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:351. [PMID: 29163133 PMCID: PMC5681965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical concept that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons is agreed. However, more and more studies have suggested the involvement of some extra-motor regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency-related alteration pattern of intrinsic functional connectivity strength (FCS) at the voxel-wise level in the relatively early-stage of ALS on a whole brain scale. In this study, 21 patients with ALS and 21 well-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled to examine the intrinsic FCS in the different frequencies (slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz; slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz, and typical band: 0.01-0.1 Hz). Compared with the control subjects, the ALS patients showed a significantly decreased FCS in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the bilateral superior frontal gyrus. In the slow-5 band, the patients with ALS showed decreased FCS in the left lingual gyrus, as well as increased FCS in the left postcentral gyrus/paracentral lobule (PoCG/PARC). In the slow-4 band, the ALS patients presented decreased FCS in the left and right ventrolateral PFC. Moreover, the increased FCS in the left PoCG/PARC in the slow-5 band was positively correlated with the ALSFRS-r score (P = 0.015). Our results demonstrated that the FCS changes in ALS were wide spread and frequency dependent. These findings may provide some evidences that ALS patients have the consistent impairment in some extra-motor regions at a relatively early-stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhua Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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28
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Roberts DR, Albrecht MH, Collins HR, Asemani D, Chatterjee AR, Spampinato MV, Zhu X, Chimowitz MI, Antonucci MU. Effects of Spaceflight on Astronaut Brain Structure as Indicated on MRI. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1746-1753. [PMID: 29091569 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1705129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information regarding the effects of spaceflight on the anatomical configuration of the brain and on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. METHODS We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare images of 18 astronauts' brains before and after missions of long duration, involving stays on the International Space Station, and of 16 astronauts' brains before and after missions of short duration, involving participation in the Space Shuttle Program. Images were interpreted by readers who were unaware of the flight duration. We also generated paired preflight and postflight MRI cine clips derived from high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of 12 astronauts after long-duration flights and from 6 astronauts after short-duration flights in order to assess the extent of narrowing of CSF spaces and the displacement of brain structures. We also compared preflight ventricular volumes with postflight ventricular volumes by means of an automated analysis of T1-weighted MRIs. The main prespecified analyses focused on the change in the volume of the central sulcus, the change in the volume of CSF spaces at the vertex, and vertical displacement of the brain. RESULTS Narrowing of the central sulcus occurred in 17 of 18 astronauts after long-duration flights (mean flight time, 164.8 days) and in 3 of 16 astronauts after short-duration flights (mean flight time, 13.6 days) (P<0.001). Cine clips from a subgroup of astronauts showed an upward shift of the brain after all long-duration flights (12 astronauts) but not after short-duration flights (6 astronauts) and narrowing of CSF spaces at the vertex after all long-duration flights (12 astronauts) and in 1 of 6 astronauts after short-duration flights. Three astronauts in the long-duration group had optic-disk edema, and all 3 had narrowing of the central sulcus. A cine clip was available for 1 of these 3 astronauts, and the cine clip showed upward shift of the brain. CONCLUSIONS Narrowing of the central sulcus, upward shift of the brain, and narrowing of CSF spaces at the vertex occurred frequently and predominantly in astronauts after long-duration flights. Further investigation, including repeated postflight imaging conducted after some time on Earth, is required to determine the duration and clinical significance of these changes. (Funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Roberts
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - Moritz H Albrecht
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - Heather R Collins
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - Davud Asemani
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - A Rano Chatterjee
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - M Vittoria Spampinato
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xun Zhu
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - Marc I Chimowitz
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
| | - Michael U Antonucci
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Neuroradiology (D.R.R., M.H.A., H.R.C., D.A., A.R.C., M.V.S., M.U.A.), and the Department of Neurology (M.I.C.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (M.H.A.); and the Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China (X.Z.)
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29
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Chen Z, Chen X, Liu M, Dong Z, Ma L, Yu S. Altered functional connectivity architecture of the brain in medication overuse headache using resting state fMRI. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:25. [PMID: 28220377 PMCID: PMC5318354 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional connectivity density (FCD) could identify the abnormal intrinsic and spontaneous activity over the whole brain, and a seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) could further reveal the altered functional network with the identified brain regions. This may be an effective assessment strategy for headache research. This study is to investigate the RSFC architecture changes of the brain in the patients with medication overuse headache (MOH) using FCD and RSFC methods. Methods 3D structure images and resting-state functional MRI data were obtained from 37 MOH patients, 18 episodic migraine (EM) patients and 32 normal controls (NCs). FCD was calculated to detect the brain regions with abnormal functional activity over the whole brain, and the seed-based RSFC was performed to explore the functional network changes in MOH and EM. Results The decreased FCD located in right parahippocampal gyrus, and the increased FCD located in left inferior parietal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus in MOH compared with NC, and in right caudate and left insula in MOH compared with EM. RSFC revealed that decreased functional connectivity of the brain regions with decreased FCD anchored in the right dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex, right frontopolar cortex in MOH, and in left temporopolar cortex and bilateral visual cortices in EM compared with NC, and in frontal-temporal-parietal pattern in MOH compared with EM. Conclusions These results provided evidence that MOH and EM suffered from altered intrinsic functional connectivity architecture, and the current study presented a new perspective for understanding the neuromechanism of MOH and EM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Chen
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Radiology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Radiology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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30
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Ling S, Zhong G, Sun W, Liang F, Wu F, Li H, Li Y, Zhao D, Song J, Jin X, Wu X, Song H, Li Q, Li Y, Chen S, Xiong J, Li Y. Circulating microRNAs Correlated with Bone Loss Induced by 45 Days of Bed Rest. Front Physiol 2017; 8:69. [PMID: 28261104 PMCID: PMC5306370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find the circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) co-related with bone loss induced by bed rest, and testify whether the selected miRNAs could reflect the bone mineral status of human after bed-rest. We analyzed plasma miRNA levels of 16 subjects after 45 days of −6° head-down tilt bed rest, which is a reliable model for the simulation of microgravity. We characterize the circulating miRNA profile in individuals after bed rest and identify circulating miRNAs which can best reflect the level of bone loss induced by bed rest. Expression profiling of circulating miRNA revealed significant downregulation of 37 miRNAs and upregulation of 2 miRNAs, while only 11 of the downregulated miRNAs were further validated in a larger volunteer cohort using qPCR. We found that 10 of these 11 miRNAs (miR-103, 130a, 1234, 1290, 151-5p, 151-3p, 199a-3p, 20a, 363, and 451a) had ROC curve that distinguished the status after bed rest. Importantly, significant positive correlations were identified between bone loss parameters and several miRNAs, eventually miR-1234 showed clinical significance in detecting the bone loss of individuals after 45 days of bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Fengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China; Laboratory of Longitudinal Integration of Individual Life Data, Space Institute of Southern ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China; Laboratory of Longitudinal Integration of Individual Life Data, Space Institute of Southern ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Shanguang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
| | - Jianghui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China; Laboratory of Longitudinal Integration of Individual Life Data, Space Institute of Southern ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing, China
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31
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Van Ombergen A, Laureys S, Sunaert S, Tomilovskaya E, Parizel PM, Wuyts FL. Spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity in humans as measured by MRI: what do we know so far? NPJ Microgravity 2017. [PMID: 28649624 PMCID: PMC5445591 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-016-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Space travel poses an enormous challenge on the human body; microgravity, ionizing radiation, absence of circadian rhythm, confinement and isolation are just some of the features associated with it. Obviously, all of the latter can have an impact on human physiology and even induce detrimental changes. Some organ systems have been studied thoroughly under space conditions, however, not much is known on the functional and morphological effects of spaceflight on the human central nervous system. Previous studies have already shown that central nervous system changes occur during and after spaceflight in the form of neurovestibular problems, alterations in cognitive function and sensory perception, cephalic fluid shifts and psychological disturbances. However, little is known about the underlying neural substrates. In this review, we discuss the current limited knowledge on neuroplastic changes in the human central nervous system associated with spaceflight (actual or simulated) as measured by magnetic resonance imaging-based techniques. Furthermore, we discuss these findings as well as their future perspectives, since this can encourage future research into this delicate and intriguing aspect of spaceflight. Currently, the literature suffers from heterogeneous experimental set-ups and therefore, the lack of comparability of findings among studies. However, the cerebellum, cortical sensorimotor and somatosensory areas and vestibular-related pathways seem to be involved across different studies, suggesting that these brain regions are most affected by (simulated) spaceflight. Extending this knowledge is crucial, especially with the eye on long-duration interplanetary missions (e.g. Mars) and space tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Van Ombergen
- Antwerp University Research Centre for Equilibrium and Aerospace (AUREA), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, 2020 Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk (Antwerp), 2610 Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, 2020 Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Research & Neurology Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Tomilovskaya
- SSC RF-Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Paul M Parizel
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Floris L Wuyts
- Antwerp University Research Centre for Equilibrium and Aerospace (AUREA), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, 2020 Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, 2020 Belgium
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32
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Altered degree centrality in childhood absence epilepsy: A resting-state fMRI study. J Neurol Sci 2016; 373:274-279. [PMID: 28131205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern network studies have suggested that the pathology of many neurological diseases is in fact not equally distributed over the brain but preferentially affects the hub regions. This study aims to investigate how hub regions were affected in Children with Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). As one important measures obtained from rs-fMRI, degree centrality (DC) calculates the number of direct connections between a given node and the rest of the brain within the entire connectivity matrix of the brain. In this study, twenty-five CAE children and 25 healthy controls were recruited to investigate the DC changes in CAE patients. Compared with healthy controls, children with CAE showed significantly decreased DC in default mode network (DMN, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and middle temporal cortex) and increased DC in thalamus. Importantly, significant negative correlation between the epilepsy duration and DC was found in precuneus. Our results suggested selective and specific disruption of hub nodes, especially thalamus and the highly connected brain regions within DMN, might underlie the pathophysiological mechanism of CAE.
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33
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Cassady K, Koppelmans V, Reuter-Lorenz P, De Dios Y, Gadd N, Wood S, Castenada RR, Kofman I, Bloomberg J, Mulavara A, Seidler R. Effects of a spaceflight analog environment on brain connectivity and behavior. Neuroimage 2016; 141:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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34
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Zhou C, Hu X, Hu J, Liang M, Yin X, Chen L, Zhang J, Wang J. Altered Brain Network in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Resting Graph Theory-Based Network Study at Voxel-Wise Level. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27242409 PMCID: PMC4861727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare degenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Neuroimaging has provided noticeable evidence that ALS is a complex disease, and shown that anatomical and functional lesions extend beyond precentral cortices and corticospinal tracts, to include the corpus callosum; frontal, sensory, and premotor cortices; thalamus; and midbrain. The aim of this study is to investigate graph theory-based functional network abnormalities at voxel-wise level in ALS patients on a whole brain scale. Forty-three ALS patients and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. The voxel-wise network degree centrality (DC), a commonly employed graph-based measure of network organization, was used to characterize the alteration of whole brain functional network. Compared with the controls, the ALS patients showed significant increase of DC in the left cerebellum posterior lobes, bilateral cerebellum crus, bilateral occipital poles, right orbital frontal lobe, and bilateral prefrontal lobes; significant decrease of DC in the bilateral primary motor cortex, bilateral sensory motor region, right prefrontal lobe, left bilateral precuneus, bilateral lateral temporal lobes, left cingulate cortex, and bilateral visual processing cortex. The DC's z-scores of right inferior occipital gyrus were significant negative correlated with the ALSFRS-r scores. Our findings confirm that the regions with abnormal network DC in ALS patients were located in multiple brain regions including primary motor, somatosensory and extra-motor areas, supporting the concept that ALS is a multisystem disorder. Specifically, our study found that DC in the visual areas was altered and ALS patients with higher DC in right inferior occipital gyrus have more severity of disease. The result demonstrated that the altered DC value in this region can probably be used to assess severity of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Minglong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xuntao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
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35
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Adami R, Bottai D. Movement impairment: Focus on the brain. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:310-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Science; Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Science; Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan; Milan Italy
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36
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Network Centrality of Resting-State fMRI in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Before and After Surgery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141389. [PMID: 26506229 PMCID: PMC4624709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Using voxel-wise degree centrality (DC), as measured by resting-state fMRI, we aimed to study alterations in the brain functional networks in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to reveal the plastic trajectories of surgery. Methods A total of 23 preoperative PACG patients (49.48 ± 14.37 years old) were recruited to undergo a resting-state fMRI scan, and 9 of them were rescanned 3 months after surgery. All PACG patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, vertical cup to disc ratio (V C/D), and average cup to disc ratio (A C/D). Another 23 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (48.18 ± 9.40 years old) underwent scanning once for comparison. The group difference in DC was calculated in each voxel, and the correlations between the DC value and each of the clinical variables were analyzed in the PACG patients. Results Preoperative PACG (pre-PACG) patients showed significantly decreased DC in the bilateral visual cortices but increased DC in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and caudate (p < 0.05, corrected) compared with the controls. Statistical analysis showed a significantly negative correlation between DC in the bilateral visual cortices and the IOP score and between DC in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and both the A C/D and V C/D scores in the pre-PACG patients. Three months after surgery, these postoperative PACG (post-PACG) patients showed a significantly increased DC in both the bilateral visual cortices and the left precentral gyrus compared with the pre-PACG patients. Conclusions Our results suggest that PACG may contribute to decreased functional centrality in the visual system and to increased degree centrality in cognition-emotional processing regions. Alterations in visual areas seem to parallel the cup to disc ratio, but not the duration of angle closure. The changes of functional centrality in PACG patients after operation may reveal the plasticity or degeneration of the visual-associated brain areas. Our findings may provide further understanding of the pathophysiology of PACG.
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37
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Zeng LL, Liao Y, Zhou Z, Shen H, Liu Y, Liu X, Hu D. Default network connectivity decodes brain states with simulated microgravity. Cogn Neurodyn 2015; 10:113-120. [PMID: 27066149 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-015-9359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With great progress of space navigation technology, it becomes possible to travel beyond Earth's gravity. So far, it remains unclear whether the human brain can function normally within an environment of microgravity and confinement. Particularly, it is a challenge to figure out some neuroimaging-based markers for rapid screening diagnosis of disrupted brain function in microgravity environment. In this study, a 7-day -6° head down tilt bed rest experiment was used to simulate the microgravity, and twenty healthy male participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and after the simulated microgravity experiment. We used a multivariate pattern analysis approach to distinguish the brain states with simulated microgravity from normal gravity based on the functional connectivity within the default network, resulting in an accuracy of no less than 85 % via cross-validation. Moreover, most discriminative functional connections were mainly located between the limbic system and cortical areas and were enhanced after simulated microgravity, implying a self-adaption or compensatory enhancement to fulfill the need of complex demand in spatial navigation and motor control functions in microgravity environment. Overall, the findings suggest that the brain states in microgravity are likely different from those in normal gravity and that brain connectome could act as a biomarker to indicate the brain state in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liao
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Zongtan Zhou
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Liu
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 Hunan People's Republic of China
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38
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Wang Y, Iqbal J, Liu Y, Su R, Lu S, Peng G, Zhang Y, Qing H, Deng Y. Effects of simulated microgravity on the expression of presynaptic proteins distorting the GABA/glutamate equilibrium - A proteomics approach. Proteomics 2015; 15:3883-91. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Rui Su
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Song Lu
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Guang Peng
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P.R. China
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39
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Koppelmans V, Mulavara AP, Yuan P, Cassady KE, Cooke KA, Wood SJ, Reuter-Lorenz PA, De Dios YE, Stepanyan V, Szecsy DL, Gadd NE, Kofman I, Scott JM, Downs ME, Bloomberg JJ, Ploutz-Snyder L, Seidler RD. Exercise as potential countermeasure for the effects of 70 days of bed rest on cognitive and sensorimotor performance. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:121. [PMID: 26388746 PMCID: PMC4558429 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spaceflight has been associated with changes in gait and balance; it is unclear whether it affects cognition. Head down tilt bed rest (HDBR) is a microgravity analog that mimics cephalad fluid shifts and body unloading. In consideration of astronaut’s health and mission success, we investigated the effects of HDBR on cognition and sensorimotor function. Furthermore, we investigated if exercise mitigates any cognitive and sensorimotor sequelae of spaceflight. Method: We conducted a 70-day six-degree HDBR study in 10 male subjects who were randomly assigned to a HDBR supine exercise or a HDBR control group. Cognitive measures (i.e., processing speed, manual dexterity, psychomotor speed, visual dependency, and 2D and 3D mental rotation) and sensorimotor performance (functional mobility (FMT) and balance performance) were collected at 12 and 8 days pre-HDBR, at 7, 50, and 70 days in HDBR, and at 8 and 12 days post-HDBR. Exercise comprised resistance training, and continuous and high-intensity interval aerobic exercise. We also repeatedly assessed an outside-of-bed rest control group to examine metric stability. Results: Small practice effects were observed in the control group for some tasks; these were taken into account when analyzing effects of HDBR. No significant effects of HDBR on cognition were observed, although visual dependency during HDBR remained stable in HDBR controls whereas it decreased in HDBR exercise subjects. Furthermore, HDBR was associated with loss of FMT and standing balance performance, which were almost fully recovered 12 days post-HDBR. Aerobic and resistance exercise partially mitigated the effects of HDBR on FMT and accelerated the recovery time course post-HDBR. Discussion: HDBR did not significantly affect cognitive performance but did adversely affect FMT and standing balance performance. Exercise had some protective effects on the deterioration and recovery of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajitkumar P Mulavara
- NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, USA ; Universities Space Research Association Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Cassady
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine A Cooke
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott J Wood
- NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Psychology, Azusa Pacific University Azusa, CA, USA
| | - Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yiri E De Dios
- Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Nichole E Gadd
- Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group Houston, TX, USA
| | - Igor Kofman
- Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Meghan E Downs
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lori Ploutz-Snyder
- NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, USA ; Universities Space Research Association Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachael D Seidler
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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40
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Shoemaker JK, Goswami R. Forebrain neurocircuitry associated with human reflex cardiovascular control. Front Physiol 2015; 6:240. [PMID: 26388780 PMCID: PMC4555962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological homeostasis depends upon adequate integration and responsiveness of sensory information with the autonomic nervous system to affect rapid and effective adjustments in end organ control. Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system leads to cardiovascular disability with consequences as severe as sudden death. The neural pathways involved in reflexive autonomic control are dependent upon brainstem nuclei but these receive modulatory inputs from higher centers in the midbrain and cortex. Neuroimaging technologies have allowed closer study of the cortical circuitry related to autonomic cardiovascular adjustments to many stressors in awake humans and have exposed many forebrain sites that associate strongly with cardiovascular arousal during stress including the medial prefrontal cortex, insula cortex, anterior cingulate, amygdala and hippocampus. Using a comparative approach, this review will consider the cortical autonomic circuitry in rodents and primates with a major emphasis on more recent neuroimaging studies in awake humans. A challenge with neuroimaging studies is their interpretation in view of multiple sensory, perceptual, emotive and/or reflexive components of autonomic responses. This review will focus on those responses related to non-volitional baroreflex control of blood pressure and also on the coordinated responses to non-fatiguing, non-painful volitional exercise with particular emphasis on the medial prefrontal cortex and the insula cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Ruma Goswami
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
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Chen HJ, Jiang LF, Sun T, Liu J, Chen QF, Shi HB. Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities correlate with psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in cirrhosis. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:2287-95. [PMID: 26321490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neurocognitive impairment is a common complication of cirrhosis and regarded as the important characteristic for early stage of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study aimed to investigate the changes in brain network centrality of functional connectivity among cirrhotic patients and uncover the mechanisms about early HE. METHODS Twenty-four cirrhotic patients without overt HE and 21 healthy controls were enrolled and underwent resting-state fMRI and Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) tests. Whole-brain functional network was constructed by measuring the temporal correlations of every pairs of brain gray matter voxels; and then voxel-wise degree centrality (DC), an index reflecting importance of a node in functional integration, was calculated and compared between two groups. A seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis was further performed to investigate abnormal functional connectivity pattern of those regions with changed DC. RESULTS Compared with controls, the cirrhotic patients had worse performances in all neurocognitive tests and lower PHES score. Meanwhile, patients showed decreased DC in bilateral medial prefrontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral thalamus; while increased DC in right middle occipital gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus. The seed-based RSFC analyses revealed that the relevant functional networks, such as default-mode and attention networks, visual network, and thalamo-cortical circuits, were disturbed in cirrhotic patients. The DC changes were correlated with PHES score in patient group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further confirm brain network disorganization in cirrhotic patients with neurocognitive impairments and may provide a new perspective for understanding HE-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Long-Feng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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42
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Li K, Guo X, Jin Z, Ouyang X, Zeng Y, Feng J, Wang Y, Yao L, Ma L. Effect of Simulated Microgravity on Human Brain Gray Matter and White Matter--Evidence from MRI. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135835. [PMID: 26270525 PMCID: PMC4535759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited and inconclusive evidence that space environment, especially microgravity condition, may affect microstructure of human brain. This experiment hypothesized that there would be modifications in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the brain due to microgravity. METHOD Eighteen male volunteers were recruited and fourteen volunteers underwent -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) for 30 days simulated microgravity. High-resolution brain anatomical imaging data and diffusion tensor imaging images were collected on a 3T MR system before and after HDBR. We applied voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics analysis to investigate the structural changes in GM and WM of brain. RESULTS We observed significant decreases of GM volume in the bilateral frontal lobes, temporal poles, parahippocampal gyrus, insula and right hippocampus, and increases of GM volume in the vermis, bilateral paracentral lobule, right precuneus gyrus, left precentral gyrus and left postcentral gyrus after HDBR. Fractional anisotropy (FA) changes were also observed in multiple WM tracts. CONCLUSION These regions showing GM changes are closely associated with the functional domains of performance, locomotion, learning, memory and coordination. Regional WM alterations may be related to brain function decline and adaption. Our findings provide the neuroanatomical evidence of brain dysfunction or plasticity in microgravity condition and a deeper insight into the cerebral mechanisms in microgravity condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Magnetic Resonance Center, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Magnetic Resonance Center, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ouyang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zeng
- Magnetic Resonance Center, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng Feng
- The Third Laboratory, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Outpatient Department of 61599 Unit of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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43
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Liao Y, Lei M, Huang H, Wang C, Duan J, Li H, Liu X. The time course of altered brain activity during 7-day simulated microgravity. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:124. [PMID: 26029071 PMCID: PMC4428138 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity causes multiple changes in physical and mental levels in humans, which can induce performance deficiency among astronauts. Studying the variations in brain activity that occur during microgravity would help astronauts to deal with these changes. In the current study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to observe the variations in brain activity during a 7-day head down tilt (HDT) bed rest, which is a common and reliable model for simulated microgravity. The amplitudes of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of twenty subjects were recorded pre-head down tilt (pre-HDT), during a bed rest period (HDT0), and then each day in the HDT period (HDT1–HDT7). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the ALFF values over these 8 days was used to test the variation across time period (p < 0.05, corrected). Compared to HDT0, subjects presented lower ALFF values in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and higher ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the HDT period, which may partially account for the lack of cognitive flexibility and alterations in autonomic nervous system seen among astronauts in microgravity. Additionally, the observed improvement in function in CPL during the HDT period may play a compensatory role to the functional decline in the paracentral lobule to sustain normal levels of fine motor control for astronauts in a microgravity environment. Above all, those floating brain activities during 7 days of simulated microgravity may indicate that the brain self-adapts to help astronauts adjust to the multiple negative stressors encountered in a microgravity environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiying Lei
- Mental Health Center, 303 Hospital of PLA Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department of Radiology, 303 Hospital of PLA Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Mental Health Center, 303 Hospital of PLA Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaobo Duan
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzheng Li
- Mental Health Center, 303 Hospital of PLA Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Kumar J, Völlm B, Palaniyappan L. Oxytocin affects the connectivity of the precuneus and the amygdala: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled neuroimaging trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu051. [PMID: 25522395 PMCID: PMC4376540 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although oxytocin is one of the most widely studied neuropeptides in recent times, the mechanistic process by which it modulates social-affective behavior in the brain is not yet clearly understood. Thus, to understand the neurophysiological basis of oxytocin effects, we used resting-state functional MRI to examine the effects of intranasal oxytocin on brain connectivity in healthy males. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 15 healthy male volunteers received 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or placebo prior to resting-state functional MRI acquisition at 3T. RESULTS We found that oxytocin significantly reduced the degree centrality of the right precuneus (P<.05). Oxytocin also reduced connectivity between the bilateral amygdalae and between the right precuneus and the right and left amygdala (P<.05). Although there were no significant changes in regional homogeneity at the whole brain level, posthoc results showed a reduction involving the right precuneus (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS These results show that oxytocin affects one of the key centers in the brain for social cognition and introspective processing, the precuneus, and enhances our understanding of how oxytocin can modulate brain networks at rest. An improved understanding of the neurophysiological effects of oxytocin can be important in terms of evaluating the mechanisms that are likely to underlie the clinical responses observed upon long-term oxytocin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Translational Neuroimaging in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (Ms Kumar, Dr Völlm, and Dr Palaniyappan); Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (Drs Völlm and Palaniyappan).
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