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D'Egidio F, Castelli V, d'Angelo M, Ammannito F, Quintiliani M, Cimini A. Brain incoming call from glia during neuroinflammation: Roles of extracellular vesicles. Neurobiol Dis 2024:106663. [PMID: 39251030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The functionality of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on the connection, integration, and the exchange of information among neural cells. The crosstalk among glial cells and neurons is pivotal for a series of neural functions, such as development of the nervous system, electric conduction, synaptic transmission, neural circuit establishment, and brain homeostasis. Glial cells are crucial players in the maintenance of brain functionality in physiological and disease conditions. Neuroinflammation is a common pathological process in various brain disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, and infections. Glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, are the main mediators of neuroinflammation, as they can sense and respond to brain insults by releasing pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors. Recent evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are pivotal players in the intercellular communication that underlies physiological and pathological processes. In particular, glia-derived EVs play relevant roles in modulating neuroinflammation, either by promoting or inhibiting the activation of glial cells and neurons, or by facilitating the clearance or propagation of pathogenic proteins. The involvement of EVs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)- which share hallmarks such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to DNA damage, alterations in neurotrophin levels, mitochondrial impairment, and altered protein dynamics- will be dissected, showing how EVs act as pivotal cell-cell mediators of toxic stimuli, thereby propagating degeneration and cell death signaling. Thus, this review focuses on the EVs secreted by microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and in neuroinflammatory conditions, emphasizing on their effects on neurons and on central nervous system functions, considering both their beneficial and detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Egidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy 67100, Via Vetoio - Coppito1, Building "Renato Ricamo"
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy 67100, Via Vetoio - Coppito1, Building "Renato Ricamo"
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy 67100, Via Vetoio - Coppito1, Building "Renato Ricamo".
| | - Fabrizio Ammannito
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy 67100, Via Vetoio - Coppito1, Building "Renato Ricamo"
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy 67100, Via Vetoio - Coppito1, Building "Renato Ricamo"
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy 67100, Via Vetoio - Coppito1, Building "Renato Ricamo"
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2
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Xu H, Li H, Zhang P, Gao Y, Ma H, Gao T, Liu H, Hua W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang P, Liu J. The functions of exosomes targeting astrocytes and astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1947-1953. [PMID: 38227520 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system; they participate in crucial biological processes, maintain brain structure, and regulate nervous system function. Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins, peptides, nucleotides, and lipids secreted from their cellular sources. Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system, in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles. In this review, we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system. We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system. The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain. New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Emergency, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Hua
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Dai Y, Bi M, Jiao Q, Du X, Yan C, Jiang H. Astrocyte-derived apolipoprotein D is required for neuronal survival in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:143. [PMID: 39095480 PMCID: PMC11297325 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a lipocalin transporter of small hydrophobic molecules, plays an essential role in several neurodegenerative diseases. It was reported that increased immunostaining for ApoD of glial cells surrounding dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons was observed in the brains of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Although preliminary findings supported the role of ApoD in neuroprotection, its derivation and effects on the degeneration of nigral DAergic neurons are largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that ApoD levels released from astrocytes were increased in PD models both in vivo and in vitro. When co-cultured with astrocytes, due to the increased release of astrocytic ApoD, the survival rate of primary cultured ventral midbrain (VM) neurons was significantly increased with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridillium ion (MPP+) treatment. Increased levels of TAp73 and its phosphorylation at Tyr99 in astrocytes were required for the increased ApoD levels and its release. Conditional knockdown of TAp73 in the nigral astrocytes in vivo could aggravate the neurodegeneration in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated PD mice. Our findings reported that astrocyte-derived ApoD was essential for DAergic neuronal survival in PD models, might provide new therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Dai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunling Yan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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4
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Turano E, Virla F, Scambi I, Dabrowska S, Bankole O, Mariotti R. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles exert their preferential action in damaged central sites of SOD1 mice rather than peripherally. Eur J Histochem 2024; 68:4040. [PMID: 38963135 PMCID: PMC11256976 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2024.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving motor neuron (MN) loss in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord leading to progressive paralysis and death. Due to the pathogenetic complexity, there are no effective therapies available. In this context the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their vesicular counterpart is an emerging therapeutic strategy to counteract neurodegeneration. The extracellular vesicles derived from adipose stem cells (ASC-EVs) recapitulate and ameliorate the neuroprotective effect of stem cells and, thanks to their small dimensions, makes their use suitable to develop novel therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases as ALS. Here we investigate a therapeutic regimen of ASC-EVs injection in SOD1(G93A) mice, the most widely used murine model of ALS. Repeated intranasal administrations of high doses of ASC-EVs were able to ameliorate motor performance of injected SOD1(G93A) mice at the early stage of the disease and produce a significant improvement at the end-stage in the lumbar MNs rescue. Moreover, ASC-EVs preserve the structure of neuromuscular junction without counteracting the muscle atrophy. The results indicate that the intranasal ASC-EVs administration acts in central nervous system sites rather than at peripheral level in SOD1(G93A) mice. These considerations allow us to identify future applications of ASC-EVs that involve different targets simultaneously to maximize the clinical and neuropathological outcomes in ALS in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanna Turano
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona.
| | - Federica Virla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona.
| | - Ilaria Scambi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona.
| | - Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.
| | - Oluwamolakun Bankole
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta.
| | - Raffaella Mariotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona.
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Zhu Y, Wang F, Xia Y, Wang L, Lin H, Zhong T, Wang X. Research progress on astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0043. [PMID: 38889403 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), pose significant global health risks and represent a substantial public health concern in the contemporary era. A primary factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders is aberrant accumulation and aggregation of pathogenic proteins within the brain and spinal cord. Recent investigations have identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the central nervous system (CNS) as potential carriers for intercellular transport of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. EVs are involved in pathological processes that contribute to various brain disorders including neurodegenerative disorders. Proteins linked to neurodegenerative disorders are secreted and distributed from cell to cell via EVs, serving as a mechanism for direct intercellular communication through the transfer of biomolecules. Astrocytes, as active participants in CNS intercellular communication, release astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) that are capable of interacting with diverse target cells. This review primarily focuses on the involvement of ADEVs in the development of neurological disorders and explores their potential dual roles - both advantageous and disadvantageous in the context of neurological disorders. Furthermore, this review examines the current studies investigating ADEVs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The prospects and challenges associated with the application of ADEVs in clinical settings were also comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangsheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haihong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
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Jiang S, Xu R. The Current Potential Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04269-3. [PMID: 38829511 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the affected motor neurons. At present, the accurate pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear and there are still no effective treatment measures for ALS. The potential pathogenesis of ALS mainly includes the misfolding of some pathogenic proteins, the genetic variation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy disorders, neuroinflammation, the misregulation of RNA, the altered axonal transport, and gut microbial dysbiosis. Exploring the pathogenesis of ALS is a critical step in searching for the effective therapeutic approaches. The current studies suggested that the genetic variation, gut microbial dysbiosis, the activation of glial cells, and the transportation disorder of extracellular vesicles may play some important roles in the pathogenesis of ALS. This review conducts a systematic review of these current potential promising topics closely related to the pathogenesis of ALS; it aims to provide some new evidences and clues for searching the novel treatment measures of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Center South University, Jiangxi Hospital. No. 152 of Aiguo Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Center South University, Jiangxi Hospital. No. 152 of Aiguo Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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7
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Atoki AV, Aja PM, Shinkafi TS, Ondari EN, Awuchi CG. Naringenin: its chemistry and roles in neuroprotection. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:637-666. [PMID: 37585716 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2243089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
According to epidemiological research, as the population ages, neurological illnesses are becoming a bigger issue. Despite improvements in the treatment of these diseases, there are still widespread worries about how to find a long-lasting remedy. Several neurological diseases can be successfully treated with natural substances. As a result, current research has been concentrated on finding effective neuroprotective drugs with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Naringenin is one potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Many citrus fruits, tomatoes, bergamots, and other fruits are rich in naringenin, a flavonoid. This phytochemical is linked to a variety of biological functions. Naringenin has attracted a lot of interest for its ability to exhibit neuroprotection through several mechanisms. In the current article, we present evidence from the literature that naringenin reduces neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in brain tissues. Also, the literatures that are currently accessible shows that naringenin reduces neuroinflammation and other neurological anomalies. Additionally, we found several studies that touted naringenin as a promising anti-amyloidogenic, antidepressant, and neurotrophic treatment option. This review's major goal is to reflect on advancements in knowledge of the molecular processes that underlie naringenin's possible neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, this article also provides highlights of Naringenin with respect to its chemistry and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Erick Nyakundi Ondari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
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8
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Wang X, Li A, Fan H, Li Y, Yang N, Tang Y. Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Ischemic Stroke: Therapeutic Potential and Prospective. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1227-1254. [PMID: 37728588 PMCID: PMC11081164 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Astrocytes are special glial cells within the central nervous system and play important roles in mediating neuroprotection and repair processes during stroke. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles released from cells that facilitate intercellular communication in stroke by delivering proteins, lipids, and RNA to target cells. Recently, accumulating evidence suggested that astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) are actively involved in mediating numerous biological processes including neuroprotection and neurorepair in stroke and they are realized as an excellent therapeutic approach for treating stroke. In this review we systematically summarize the up-to-date research on ADEVs in stroke, and prospects for its potential as a novel therapeutic target for stroke. We also provide an overview of the effects and functions of ADEVs on stroke recovery, which may lead to developing clinically relevant therapies for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Huaju Fan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Nana Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaohui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Tam S, Wear D, Morrone CD, Yu WH. The complexity of extracellular vesicles: Bridging the gap between cellular communication and neuropathology. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38650384 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and contributing to pathology in health and disease. This review establishes a crucial link between physiological processes leading to EV biogenesis and their impacts on disease. EVs are involved in the clearance and transport of proteins and nucleic acids, responding to changes in cellular processes associated with neurodegeneration, including autophagic disruption, organellar dysfunction, aging, and other cell stresses. In neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.), EVs contribute to the spread of pathological proteins like amyloid β, tau, ɑ-synuclein, prions, and TDP-43, exacerbating neurodegeneration and accelerating disease progression. Despite evidence for both neuropathological and neuroprotective effects of EVs, the mechanistic switch between their physiological and pathological functions remains elusive, warranting further research into their involvement in neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, owing to their innate ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and their ubiquitous nature, EVs emerge as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review uniquely positions itself at the intersection of EV cell biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology, offering insights into the diverse biological roles of EVs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tam
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy Wear
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher D Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Edwardson MA, Mitsuhashi M, Van Epps D. Elevation of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles over the first month post-stroke in humans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5272. [PMID: 38438491 PMCID: PMC10912590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify alterations in the quantity of plasma brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) over the first month post-stroke to shed light on related injury and repair mechanisms. We assessed plasma levels of presumed neuron-derived EVs (NDEs), astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEs), and oligodendrocyte-derived EVs (ODEs) in 58 patients 5, 15, and 30 days post-ischemic stroke and 46 controls matched for cardiovascular risk factors using sandwich immunoassays. Subsets of brain-derived EVs were identified by co-expression of the general EV marker CD9 and markers for neurons (L1CAM, CD171), astrocytes (EAAT1), and oligodendrocytes (MOG) respectively. Clinical MRIs assessed lesion volume and presence of hemorrhagic transformation. ADE levels were elevated 5, 15, and 30 days post-stroke compared to controls (p = 0.002, p = 0.002, and p = 0.005 respectively) with no significant change for NDE or ODE. ADEs were increased 15 days post-stroke in patients with hemorrhagic transformation (p = 0.04) compared to patients with no hemorrhage. We conclude that ADE levels are preferentially increased over the first month post-stroke in humans, possibly to provide trophic support to injured neurons following ischemia. ADEs hold potential as biomarkers of blood-brain barrier breakdown and hemorrhagic transformation, but this requires further study at earlier time points post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Edwardson
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
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11
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Ibrahim P, Denniston R, Mitsuhashi H, Yang J, Fiori LM, Żurawek D, Mechawar N, Nagy C, Turecki G. Profiling Small RNA From Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Individuals With Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae013. [PMID: 38457375 PMCID: PMC10946232 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability with significant mortality risk. Despite progress in our understanding of the etiology of MDD, the underlying molecular changes in the brain remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound particles that can reflect the molecular signatures of the tissue of origin. We aimed to optimize a streamlined EV isolation protocol from postmortem brain tissue and determine whether EV RNA cargo, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), have an MDD-specific profile. METHODS EVs were isolated from postmortem human brain tissue. Quality was assessed using western blots, transmission electron microscopy, and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing. EV RNA was extracted and sequenced on Illumina platforms. Functional follow-up was performed in silico. RESULTS Quality assessment showed an enrichment of EV markers, as well as a size distribution of 30 to 200 nm in diameter, and no contamination with cellular debris. Small RNA profiling indicated the presence of several RNA biotypes, with miRNAs and transfer RNAs being the most prominent. Exploring miRNA levels between groups revealed decreased expression of miR-92a-3p and miR-129-5p, which was validated by qPCR and was specific to EVs and not seen in bulk tissue. Finally, in silico functional analyses indicate potential roles for these 2 miRNAs in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSION We provide a streamlined isolation protocol that yields EVs of high quality that are suitable for molecular follow-up. Our findings warrant future investigations into brain EV miRNA dysregulation in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ibrahim
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan Denniston
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haruka Mitsuhashi
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennie Yang
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dariusz Żurawek
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Onkar A, Khan F, Goenka A, Rajendran RL, Dmello C, Hong CM, Mubin N, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6709-6742. [PMID: 38315446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates the physiological and pathological signals to the periphery and vice versa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bound cellular informants actively transferring informative calls to and from the brain via lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid cargos. In recent years, EVs have also been widely used to understand brain function, given their "cell-like" properties. On the one hand, the presence of neuron and astrocyte-derived EVs in biological fluids have been exploited as biomarkers to understand the mechanisms and progression of multiple neurological disorders; on the other, EVs have been used in designing targeted therapies due to their potential to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Despite the expanding literature on EVs in the context of central nervous system (CNS) physiology and related disorders, a comprehensive compilation of the existing knowledge still needs to be made available. In the current review, we provide a detailed insight into the multifaceted role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) in the intricate regulation of brain physiology. Our focus extends to the significance of these EVs in a spectrum of disorders, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, autoimmune disorders, and others. Throughout the review, parallels are drawn for using EVs as biomarkers for various disorders, evaluating their utility in early detection and monitoring. Additionally, we discuss the promising prospects of utilizing EVs in targeted therapy while acknowledging the existing limitations and challenges associated with their applications in clinical scenarios. A foundational comprehension of the current state-of-the-art in EV research is essential for informing the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Onkar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Nida Mubin
- Department of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Kumar A, Nader MA, Deep G. Emergence of Extracellular Vesicles as "Liquid Biopsy" for Neurological Disorders: Boom or Bust. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:199-227. [PMID: 38351075 PMCID: PMC10877757 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive liquid biopsy approach in the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple diseases and disorders. The feasibility of enriching specific subpopulations of EVs from biofluids based on their unique surface markers has opened novel opportunities to gain molecular insight from various tissues and organs, including the brain. Over the past decade, EVs in bodily fluids have been extensively studied for biomarkers associated with various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorders, substance use disorders, human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder, and cancer/treatment-induced neurodegeneration. These studies have focused on the isolation and cargo characterization of either total EVs or brain cells, such as neuron-, astrocyte-, microglia-, oligodendrocyte-, pericyte-, and endothelial-derived EVs from biofluids to achieve early diagnosis and molecular characterization and to predict the treatment and intervention outcomes. The findings of these studies have demonstrated that EVs could serve as a repetitive and less invasive source of valuable molecular information for these neurological disorders, supplementing existing costly neuroimaging techniques and relatively invasive measures, like lumbar puncture. However, the initial excitement surrounding blood-based biomarkers for brain-related diseases has been tempered by challenges, such as lack of central nervous system specificity in EV markers, lengthy protocols, and the absence of standardized procedures for biological sample collection, EV isolation, and characterization. Nevertheless, with rapid advancements in the EV field, supported by improved isolation methods and sensitive assays for cargo characterization, brain cell-derived EVs continue to offer unparallel opportunities with significant translational implications for various neurological disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Extracellular vesicles present a less invasive liquid biopsy approach in the diagnosis and prognosis of various neurological disorders. Characterizing these vesicles in biofluids holds the potential to yield valuable molecular information, thereby significantly impacting the development of novel biomarkers for various neurological disorders. This paper has reviewed the methodology employed to isolate extracellular vesicles derived from various brain cells in biofluids, their utility in enhancing the molecular understanding of neurodegeneration, and the potential challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Departments of Cancer Biology (A.K., G.D.), Physiology and Pharmacology (M.A.N.), Radiology (M.A.N.), and Center for Addiction Research (M.A.N., G.D.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (G.D.); and Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (G.D.)
| | - Michael A Nader
- Departments of Cancer Biology (A.K., G.D.), Physiology and Pharmacology (M.A.N.), Radiology (M.A.N.), and Center for Addiction Research (M.A.N., G.D.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (G.D.); and Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (G.D.)
| | - Gagan Deep
- Departments of Cancer Biology (A.K., G.D.), Physiology and Pharmacology (M.A.N.), Radiology (M.A.N.), and Center for Addiction Research (M.A.N., G.D.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (G.D.); and Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (G.D.)
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Kong E, Geng X, Wu F, Yue W, Sun Y, Feng X. Microglial exosome miR-124-3p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain in elderly mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18090. [PMID: 38140846 PMCID: PMC10844686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain severely deteriorates the rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients. The present study focused on the relationship between microglial exosome miR-124-3p in hippocampus and cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain. Cognitive impairment model induced by postoperative pain was constructed by intramedullary nail fixation after tibial fracture. Morphine intraperitoneally was carried out for postoperative analgesia. Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate the cognitive impairment, while mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NG) and neurodegenerative biomarker (VILIP-1) in hippocampus were tested by q-PCR. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the axon degeneration in hippocampus. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (Ym, Arg-1, IL-10) and microglia proliferation marker cyclin D1 in hippocampus were measured to evaluate microglia polarization. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify key exosomes while BV-2 microglia overexpressing exosome miR-124-3p was constructed to observe microglia polarization in vitro experiments. Exogenous miR-124-3p-loaded exosomes were injected into hippocampus in vivo. Postoperative pain induced by intramedullary fixation after tibial fracture was confirmed by decreased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. Postoperative pain induced cognitive impairment, promoted axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP-1 expressions in hippocampus. Postoperative pain also increased pro-inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and decreased anti-inflammatory factors in hippocampus. However, these changes were all reversed by morphine analgesia. Bioinformatics analysis identified the critical role of exosome miR-124-3p in cognitive impairment, which was confirmed to be down-regulated in hippocampus of postoperative pain mice. BV-2 microglia overexpressing exosome miR-124-3p showed decreased pro-inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti-inflammatory factors. In vivo, stereotactic injection of exogenous miR-124-3p into hippocampus decreased pro-inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti-inflammatory factors. The cognitive impairment, axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP-1 expressions in hippocampus were all alleviated by exogenous exosome miR-124-3p. Microglial exosome miR-124-3p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain through microglia polarization in elderly mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erliang Kong
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyZhengzhouChina
| | - Xuqiang Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng HospitalSecond Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xudong Feng
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyZhengzhouChina
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15
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Hou Y, Xie Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhou F, Yang B. Oxygen glucose deprivation-pretreated astrocyte-derived exosomes attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced BBB disruption through miR-27a-3p /ARHGAP25/Wnt/β-catenin axis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:8. [PMID: 38243347 PMCID: PMC10799414 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is one of the key mechanisms of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Astrocytes interact with endothelial and regulate BBB integrity via paracrine signaling factors. More and more studies reveal astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) as an important way of intercellular communication. However, the role of ADEV in BBB integrity after ICH remains unclear. METHODS ADEVs were obtained from astrocytes with or without oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) pre-stimulation and the role of ADEVs in ICH was investigated using ICH mice model and ICH cell model. The potential regulatory effect of ADEVs on endothelial barrier integrity was identified by TEER, western blot and immunofluorescence in vitro. In vivo, functional evaluation, Evans-blue leakage and tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression were analyzed. MiRNA sequencing revealed that microRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a-3p) was differentially expressed miRNA in the EVs from OGD-pretreated astrocytes compared with normal control. The regulatory mechanism of miR-27a-3p was assessed using Luciferase assay, RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS OGD-activated astrocytes reduced hemin-induced endothelial hyper-permeability through secreting EVs. OGD-activated ADEVs alleviated BBB dysfunction after ICH in vivo and in vitro. MicroRNA microarray analysis indicated that miR-27a-3p is a major component that was highly expressed miRNA in OGD pretreated-ADEVs. OGD-ADEVs mitigated BBB injury through transferring miR-27a-3p into bEnd.3 cells and regulating ARHGAP25/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings firstly revealed that miR-27a-3p, as one of the main components of OGD-pretreated ADEVs, attenuated BBB destruction and improved neurological deficits following ICH by regulating endothelial ARHGAP25/Wnt/β-catenin axis. OGD-ADEVs might be a novel strategy for the treatment of ICH. this study implicates that EVs from OGD pre-stimulated astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xie
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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16
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Huber CC, Wang H. Pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:75-79. [PMID: 37488847 PMCID: PMC10479842 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide, and the prevalence of these disorders is only projected to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastically increase in the coming years. While therapies exist to aid in symptomatic relief, effective treatments that can stop or reverse the progress of each neurodegenerative disease are lacking. Recently, research on the role of extracellular vesicles as disease markers and therapeutics has been intensively studied. Exosomes, 30-150 nm in diameter, are one type of extracellular vesicles facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accordingly, the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable source of disease biomarkers. On the other hand, exosomes, especially those derived from stem cells, could serve as a therapeutic for these disorders, as seen by a rapid increase in clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in different neurological diseases. This review summarizes the pathological burden and therapeutic approach of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders. We also highlight how heat shock increases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic efficacy. Finally, this review concludes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa C. Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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17
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Liu Y, Yang W, Xue J, Chen J, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gu X, Dong Y, Qiu P. Neuroinflammation: The central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115582. [PMID: 37748409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is on the rise owing to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an overall aging population. As a complication of anesthesia and surgery, older patients frequently suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may persist for weeks, months or even longer. POCD is a complex pathological process involving multiple pathogenic factors, and its mechanism is yet unclear. Potential theories include inflammation, deposition of pathogenic proteins, imbalance of neurotransmitters, and chronic stress. The identification, prevention, and treatment of POCD are still in the exploratory stages owing to the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria. Undoubtedly, comprehending the development of POCD remains crucial in overcoming the illness. Neuroinflammation is the leading hypothesis and a crucial component of the pathological network of POCD and may have complex interactions with other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the possible ways in which surgery and anesthesia cause neuroinflammation and investigate the connection between neuroinflammation and the development of POCD. Understanding these mechanisms may likely ensure that future treatment options of POCD are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Juntong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Youjing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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18
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del Valle E, Rubio-Sardón N, Menéndez-Pérez C, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro A. Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15631. [PMID: 37958618 PMCID: PMC10650001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs) are a diverse group of pathologies, including schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, that directly affect the mental and physical health of those who suffer from them, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Most NDs result from a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors such as stress or traumatic events, including the recent Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to diverse clinical presentations, these diseases are heterogeneous in their pathogenesis, brain regions affected, and clinical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is essential for the detection, prognosis, response prediction, and development of new treatments for NDs. Among the most promising candidates is the apolipoprotein D (Apo D), a component of lipoproteins implicated in lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests an increase in Apo D expression in association with aging and in the presence of neuropathological processes. As a part of the cellular neuroprotective defense machinery against oxidative stress and inflammation, changes in Apo D levels have been demonstrated in neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorders (BPD), not only in some brain areas but in corporal fluids, i.e., blood or serum of patients. What is not clear is whether variation in Apo D quantity could be used as an indicator to detect NDs and their progression. This review aims to provide an updated view of the clinical potential of Apo D as a possible biomarker for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva del Valle
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Rubio-Sardón
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlota Menéndez-Pérez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Dai J, Zhang MZ, He QQ, Chen R. The emerging role of exosomes in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115394. [PMID: 37536144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), a serious mental disorder, is one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Exosomes, as a natural nanocarrier, are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and play a key bridging role in central nervous system (CNS) communication, participating in important physiological processes such as neural regeneration, prominent plasticity, axonal support, and neuroinflammation. In recent years, exosomes have received widespread attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. However, there are few reviews on exosomes and SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Web of Science using the following search terms: "schizophrenia", "mental disorder", "central system", "exosome", "extracellular vesicles" to identify publications from January 2010 to December 2022. Our review summarized exosomes secreted by different cell types in the CNS and the double-edged role of exosomes in the development of SCZ, and discussed their future potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date overview of the current research on the involvement of exosomes in SCZ, while also highlighting the challenges that are currently faced in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Zhe Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Ahmed W, Kuniyan MS, Jawed AM, Chen L. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery in Therapy of Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2173. [PMID: 37765144 PMCID: PMC10537154 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic modalities for treating neurological conditions. EVs facilitate intercellular communication among brain cells under normal and abnormal physiological conditions. The potential capability of EVs to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes them highly promising as nanocarrier contenders for managing stroke. EVs possess several potential advantages compared to existing drug-delivery vehicles. These advantages include their capacity to surpass natural barriers, target specific cells, and stability within the circulatory system. This review explores the trafficking and cellular uptake of EVs and evaluates recent findings in the field of EVs research. Additionally, an overview is provided of the techniques researchers utilize to bioengineer EVs for stroke therapy, new results on EV-BBB interactions, and the limitations and prospects of clinically using EVs for brain therapies. The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and challenges related to engineered EVs drug delivery, specifically focusing on their application in the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.S.K.); (A.M.J.)
| | | | - Aqil Mohammad Jawed
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.S.K.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
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Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
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Zhang L, Liu J, Zhou C. Current aspects of small extracellular vesicles in pain process and relief. Biomater Res 2023; 27:78. [PMID: 37563666 PMCID: PMC10416402 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. Current research suggests that sEVs play a pivotal role in the pathological progression of pain, emphasizing their critical function in the pathological progression of pain in acute and chronic pain models. By facilitating the transfer of diverse molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, sEVs can modulate pain signaling transmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, the unique molecules conveyed by sEVs in pain disorders indicate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. The application of sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative pain medicine has emerged as a promising strategy for pain management. Moreover, modified sEVs have garnered considerable attention in the investigation of pathological processes and therapeutic interventions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the involvement of sEVs in pain pathogenesis and treatment. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to facilitate their clinical implementation. Schematic diagram of sEVs in the biogenesis, signal transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of pain disorders. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are secreted by multiple cells, loading with various biomolecules, such as miRNAs, transmembrane proteins, and amino acids. They selectively target other cells and regulating pain signal transmission. The composition of sEVs can serve as valuable biomarkers for pain diagnosis. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell-derived sEVs have shown promise as regenerative medicine for managing multiple pain disorders. Furthermore, by modifying the structure or contents of sEVs, they could potentially be used as a potent analgesic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Carata E, Muci M, Di Giulio S, Mariano S, Panzarini E. Looking to the Future of the Role of Macrophages and Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11251. [PMID: 37511010 PMCID: PMC10379393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although scientific evidence to date does not allow defining neuroinflammation as an ALS trigger, its role in exacerbating motor neuron (MNs) degeneration and disease progression is attracting research interest. Activated CNS (Central Nervous System) glial cells, proinflammatory peripheral and infiltrated T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, as well as the immunoreactive molecules they release, represent the active players for the role of immune dysregulation enhancing neuroinflammation. The crosstalk between the peripheral and CNS immune cells significantly correlates with the survival of ALS patients since the modification of peripheral macrophages can downregulate inflammation at the periphery along the nerves and in the CNS. As putative vehicles for misfolded protein and inflammatory mediators between cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have also drawn particular attention in the field of ALS. Both CNS and peripheral immune cells release EVs, which are able to modulate the behavior of neighboring recipient cells; unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in EVs-mediated communication in neuroinflammation remain unclear. This review aims to synthesize the current literature regarding EV-mediated cell-to-cell communication in the brain under ALS, with a particular point of view on the role of peripheral macrophages in responding to inflammation to understand the biological process and exploit it for ALS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Carata
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Muci
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Di Giulio
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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24
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Claeys W, Van Hoecke L, Lernout H, De Nolf C, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Verhaege D, Castelein J, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C, Vandenbroucke RE. Experimental hepatic encephalopathy causes early but sustained glial transcriptional changes. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:130. [PMID: 37248507 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, associated with high morbidity and mortality, for which no brain-targeted therapies exist at present. The interplay between hyperammonemia and inflammation is thought to drive HE development. As such, astrocytes, the most important ammonia-metabolizing cells in the brain, and microglia, the main immunomodulatory cells in the brain, have been heavily implicated in HE development. As insight into cellular perturbations driving brain pathology remains largely elusive, we aimed to investigate cell-type specific transcriptomic changes in the HE brain. In the recently established mouse bile duct ligation (BDL) model of HE, we performed RNA-Seq of sorted astrocytes and microglia at 14 and 28 days after induction. This revealed a marked transcriptional response in both cell types which was most pronounced in microglia. In both cell types, pathways related to inflammation and hypoxia, mechanisms commonly implicated in HE, were enriched. Additionally, astrocytes exhibited increased corticoid receptor and oxidative stress signaling, whereas microglial transcriptome changes were linked to immune cell attraction. Accordingly, both monocytes and neutrophils accumulated in the BDL mouse brain. Time-dependent changes were limited in both cell types, suggesting early establishment of a pathological phenotype. While HE is often considered a unique form of encephalopathy, astrocytic and microglial transcriptomes showed significant overlap with previously established gene expression signatures in other neuroinflammatory diseases like septic encephalopathy and stroke, suggesting common pathophysiological mechanisms. Our dataset identifies key molecular mechanisms involved in preclinical HE and provides a valuable resource for development of novel glial-directed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Claeys
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Lernout
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- IBD Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clint De Nolf
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daan Verhaege
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Fyfe-Desmarais G, Desmarais F, Rassart É, Mounier C. Apolipoprotein D in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051027. [PMID: 37237893 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is lipocalin able to bind hydrophobic ligands. The APOD gene is upregulated in a number of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and hypothyroidism. Upregulation of ApoD is linked to decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in several models, including humans, mice, Drosophila melanogaster and plants. Studies suggest that the mechanism through which ApoD modulates oxidative stress and regulate inflammation is via its capacity to bind arachidonic acid (ARA). This polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid can be metabolised to generate large variety of pro-inflammatory mediators. ApoD serves as a sequester, blocking and/or altering arachidonic metabolism. In recent studies of diet-induced obesity, ApoD has been shown to modulate lipid mediators derived from ARA, but also from eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in an anti-inflammatory way. High levels of ApoD have also been linked to better metabolic health and inflammatory state in the round ligament of morbidly obese women. Since ApoD expression is upregulated in numerous diseases, it might serve as a therapeutic agent against pathologies aggravated by OS and inflammation such as many obesity comorbidities. This review will present the most recent findings underlying the central role of ApoD in the modulation of both OS and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fyfe-Desmarais
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipids, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Fréderik Desmarais
- Department of Medecine, Faculty of Medecine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Éric Rassart
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipids, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipids, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
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26
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Szpakowski P, Ksiazek-Winiarek D, Czpakowska J, Kaluza M, Milewska-Jedrzejczak M, Glabinski A. Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes Differentially Shape T Cells' Immune Response in MS Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087470. [PMID: 37108633 PMCID: PMC10138532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant group of glia cells in the brain, provide support for neurons and indicate multiple various functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Growing data additionally describe their role in the regulation of immune system activity. They exert their function not only by direct contact with other cell types, but also through an indirect method, e.g., by secreting various molecules. One such structure is extracellular vesicles, which are important mediators of crosstalk between cells. In our study, we observed that the impact of exosomes derived from astrocytes with various functional phenotype differently affect the immune response of CD4+ T cells, both from healthy individuals and from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Astrocytes, by modulating exosome cargo, impacts the release of IFN-γ, IL-17A and CCL2 in our experimental conditions. Considering the proteins concentration in cell culture supernatants and the cellular percentage of Th phenotypes, it could be stated that human astrocytes, by the release of exosomes, are able to modify the activity of human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Ksiazek-Winiarek
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Czpakowska
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kaluza
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Milewska-Jedrzejczak
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Glabinski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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27
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Dutta S, Hornung S, Taha HB, Bitan G. Biomarkers for parkinsonian disorders in CNS-originating EVs: promise and challenges. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:515-540. [PMID: 37012443 PMCID: PMC10071251 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and oncosomes, are nano-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. EVs are released by virtually all eukaryotic cells and have been shown to contribute to intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, EVs may carry toxic, misfolded forms of amyloidogenic proteins and facilitate their spread to recipient cells in the central nervous system (CNS). CNS-originating EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier into the bloodstream and may be found in other body fluids, including saliva, tears, and urine. EVs originating in the CNS represent an attractive source of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, because they contain cell- and cell state-specific biological materials. In recent years, multiple papers have reported the use of this strategy for identification and quantitation of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders. However, certain technical issues have yet to be standardized, such as the best surface markers for isolation of cell type-specific EVs and validating the cellular origin of the EVs. Here, we review recent research using CNS-originating EVs for biomarker studies, primarily in parkinsonian disorders, highlight technical challenges, and propose strategies for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dutta
- International Institute of Innovation and Technology, New Town, Kolkata, India
| | - Simon Hornung
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hash Brown Taha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South/Gordon 451, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South/Gordon 451, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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28
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Li B, Ma Z, Li Z. A novel regulator in Alzheimer's disease progression: The astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101871. [PMID: 36736378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as an age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disease. AD seriously endangers the health of the elderly, but there is still no effective treatment. In the past several decades, the significant role of astrocytes in the process of AD has been universally acknowledged. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as an essential mediator in intercellular communication and participate in various pathophysiological processes by carrying and transporting diverse cargoes. Moreover, specific conditions and stimuli can modulate the amount and properties of astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) to affect AD progression. Thus, recent studies focused on the involvement of ADEVs in the pathogenesis of AD and the potential application of ADEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of AD, which provides a new direction and possibility for revealing the mystery of AD. Interestingly, it can be concluded that ADEVs have both pathogenic and protective effects in the process of AD through a comprehensive generalization. In this review, we aim to summarize the multi-faces of ADEVs effects on AD development, which can provide a novel strategy to investigate the underlying mechanism in AD. We also summarize the current ADEVs clinically relevant studies to raise the potential use of ADEVs in the discovery of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China..
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29
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Marmolejo-Gutierrez C, Cid-Castro C, Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Montellier E, Carreño-Vázquez E, Noriega LG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR, Sassone-Corsi P, Aguilar-Arnal L, Orozco-Solis R. Astrocytic circadian clock control of energy expenditure by transcriptional stress responses in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Glia 2023; 71:1626-1647. [PMID: 36919670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic circuits compute systemic information to control metabolism. Astrocytes residing within the hypothalamus directly sense nutrients and hormones, integrating metabolic information, and modulating neuronal responses. Nevertheless, the role of the astrocytic circadian clock on the control of energy balance remains unclear. We used mice with a targeted ablation of the core-clock gene Bmal1 within Gfap-expressing astrocytes to gain insight on the role played by this transcription factor in astrocytes. While this mutation does not substantially affect the phenotype in mice fed normo-caloric diet, under high-fat diet we unmasked a thermogenic phenotype consisting of increased energy expenditure, and catabolism in brown adipose and overall metabolic improvement consisting of better glycemia control, and body composition. Transcriptomic analysis in the ventromedial hypothalamus revealed an enhanced response to moderate cellular stress, including ER-stress response, unfolded protein response and autophagy. We identified Xbp1 and Atf1 as two key transcription factors enhancing cellular stress responses. Therefore, we unveiled a previously unknown role of the astrocytic circadian clock modulating energy balance through the regulation of cellular stress responses within the VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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30
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Li Y, Gui Y, Zhao M, Chen X, Li H, Tian C, Zhao H, Jiang C, Xu P, Zhang S, Ye S, Huang M. The roles of extracellular vesicles in major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1138110. [PMID: 36970289 PMCID: PMC10033661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disease characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest and suicidal ideation. Its rising prevalence has rendered MDD one of the largest contributors to the global disease burden. However, its pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear, and reliable biomarkers are lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely considered important mediators of intercellular communication, playing an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Most preclinical studies focus on the related proteins and microRNAs in EVs, which can regulate energy metabolism, neurogenesis, neuro-inflammation and other pathophysiological processes in the development of MDD. The purpose of this review is to describe the current research progress of EVs in MDD and highlight their potential roles as biomarkers, therapeutic indicators and drug delivery carriers for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gui
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Mental Health Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanqiang Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyong Ye
- Henan University School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Manli Huang,
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31
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Li J, Zou X, Mao R, Han L, Xia S, Yang H, Cao X, Xu Y. Determination of the role of hippocampal astrocytes in the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis mouse model by RNA sequencing. Neurosci Lett 2023; 805:137213. [PMID: 36966961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is used experimentally to model vascular dementia (VaD). Previous studies have primarily focused on the degradation of brain white matter after BCAS. However, hippocampal abnormalities are equally important, and hippocampal astrocytes are specifically involved in neural circuits that regulate learning and memory. Whether hippocampal astrocytes participate in the pathogenesis of BCAS-induced VaD has not been well studied. Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to explore the role of hippocampal astrocytes in BCAS. METHODS Two months after BCAS, behavioral experiments were conducted to investigate changes in neurological function in sham and BCAS mice. A ribosome-tagging approach (RiboTag) profiling strategy was used to isolate mRNAs enriched in hippocampal astrocytes, and the RNA was sequenced and analyzed using transcriptomic methods. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to validate the results of RNA sequencing. Immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to evaluate the number and morphology of hippocampal astrocytes. RESULTS We observed significant short-term working memory impairment in BCAS mice. Moreover, the RNA obtained through RiboTag technology was specific to astrocytes. Transcriptomics approaches and subsequent validation studies revealed that the genes that showed expression changes in hippocampal astrocytes after BCAS were mainly involved in immune system processes, glial cell proliferation, substance transport and metabolism. Furthermore, the number and distribution of astrocytes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus tended to decrease after modeling. CONCLUSION In this study, comparisons between sham and BCAS mice showed that the functions of hippocampal astrocytes were impaired in BCAS-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Lijian Han
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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Colvett I, Saternos H, Coughlan C, Vielle A, Ledreux A. Extracellular vesicles from the CNS play pivotal roles in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration: lessons from in vitro experiments. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:72-89. [PMID: 37859665 PMCID: PMC10586524 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication between diverse cell types is crucial for the maintenance of the central nervous system, and exosomes have been shown to play an important role in this process. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by all cell types and carry cargoes that can elicit downstream effects in recipient cells. Exosomal communication in the central nervous system has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from Alzheimer's disease to major depressive disorder. Though there remain many unknowns in the field of EV biology, in vitro experiments can provide many insights into their potential roles in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the findings of many in vitro EV experiments, with a focus on the potential roles in regulating cell viability, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurite integrity in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Colvett
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Hannah Saternos
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Anne Vielle
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Aurélie Ledreux
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Corraliza-Gomez M, Bendito B, Sandonis-Camarero D, Mondejar-Duran J, Villa M, Poncela M, Valero J, Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. Dual role of Apolipoprotein D as long-term instructive factor and acute signal conditioning microglial secretory and phagocytic responses. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1112930. [PMID: 36779011 PMCID: PMC9908747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are recognized as very dynamic brain cells, screening the environment and sensitive to signals from all other cell types in health and disease. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a lipid-binding protein of the Lipocalin family, is required for nervous system optimal function and proper development and maintenance of key neural structures. ApoD has a cell and state-dependent expression in the healthy nervous system, and increases its expression upon aging, damage or neurodegeneration. An extensive overlap exists between processes where ApoD is involved and those where microglia have an active role. However, no study has analyzed the role of ApoD in microglial responses. In this work, we test the hypothesis that ApoD, as an extracellular signal, participates in the intercellular crosstalk sensed by microglia and impacts their responses upon physiological aging or damaging conditions. We find that a significant proportion of ApoD-dependent aging transcriptome are microglia-specific genes, and show that lack of ApoD in vivo dysregulates microglial density in mouse hippocampus in an age-dependent manner. Murine BV2 and primary microglia do not express ApoD, but it can be internalized and targeted to lysosomes, where unlike other cell types it is transiently present. Cytokine secretion profiles and myelin phagocytosis reveal that ApoD has both long-term pre-conditioning effects on microglia as well as acute effects on these microglial immune functions, without significant modification of cell survival. ApoD-triggered cytokine signatures are stimuli (paraquat vs. Aβ oligomers) and sex-dependent. Acute exposure to ApoD induces microglia to switch from their resting state to a secretory and less phagocytic phenotype, while long-term absence of ApoD leads to attenuated cytokine induction and increased myelin uptake, supporting a role for ApoD as priming or immune training factor. This knowledge should help to advance our understanding of the complex responses of microglia during aging and neurodegeneration, where signals received along our lifespan are combined with damage-triggered acute signals, conditioning both beneficial roles and limitations of microglial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Corraliza-Gomez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bendito
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Sandonis-Camarero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mondejar-Duran
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Villa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Poncela
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain,Diego Sanchez,
| | - Maria D. Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain,*Correspondence: Maria D. Ganfornina, ,
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Liu Z, Zhang H, Liu S, Hou Y, Chi G. The Dual Role of Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes and Their Contents in the Process of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:33-42. [PMID: 36373321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Millions of patients worldwide are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the number of patients with AD is increasing. However, current treatment can only improve symptoms but cannot cure the disease. Astrocytes, glial cells in the central nervous system, play important roles in support, nutrition, protection, and information transmission in the nervous system. Pathological changes in astrocytes are closely associated with the development and progression of AD. As carriers for material and information exchange between astrocytes and other neural cells, astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) have been widely studied in recent years, and ADE secretion has been shown to be increased in patients with AD and animal models of AD. ADEs contain a variety of substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The contents of ADEs can effectively control oxidative stress and detoxification during the early development of AD, thereby playing positive and negative roles in the occurrence and development of AD. In this review, we elaborate on the functions of ADEs and their components in AD and discuss their applications in AD research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiji Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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35
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Cano A, Ettcheto M, Bernuz M, Puerta R, Esteban de Antonio E, Sánchez-López E, Souto EB, Camins A, Martí M, Pividori MI, Boada M, Ruiz A. Extracellular vesicles, the emerging mirrors of brain physiopathology. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:721-743. [PMID: 36778117 PMCID: PMC9910004 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are secreted by a wide variety of cells, and their primary functions include intercellular communication, immune responses, human reproduction, and synaptic plasticity. Their molecular cargo reflects the physiological processes that their cells of origin are undergoing. Thus, many studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles could be a promising biomarker tool for many diseases, mainly due to their biological relevance and easy accessibility to a broad range of body fluids. Moreover, since their biological composition leads them to cross the blood-brain barrier bidirectionally, growing evidence points to extracellular vesicles as emerging mirrors of brain diseases processes. In this regard, this review explores the biogenesis and biological functions of extracellular vesicles, their role in different physiological and pathological processes, their potential in clinical practice, and the recent outstanding studies about the role of exosomes in major human brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cano
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bernuz
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), Mòdul B Parc de Recerca UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), Mòdul B Parc de Recerca UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), Mòdul B Parc de Recerca UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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36
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McCluskey G, Morrison KE, Donaghy C, Rene F, Duddy W, Duguez S. Extracellular Vesicles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010121. [PMID: 36676070 PMCID: PMC9867379 DOI: 10.3390/life13010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the most common adult motor neuron disease. The disease pathogenesis is complex with the perturbation of multiple pathways proposed, including mitochondrial dysfunction, RNA processing, glutamate excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein homeostasis and endosomal transport/extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. EVs are nanoscopic membrane-bound particles that are released from cells, involved in the intercellular communication of proteins, lipids and genetic material, and there is increasing evidence of their role in ALS. After discussing the biogenesis of EVs, we review their roles in the propagation of pathological proteins in ALS, such as TDP-43, SOD1 and FUS, and their contribution to disease pathology. We also discuss the ALS related genes which are involved in EV formation and vesicular trafficking, before considering the EV protein and RNA dysregulation found in ALS and how these have been investigated as potential biomarkers. Finally, we highlight the potential use of EVs as therapeutic agents in ALS, in particular EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells and EVs as drug delivery vectors for potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McCluskey
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
- Department of Neurology, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 6AG, UK
| | - Colette Donaghy
- Department of Neurology, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Frederique Rene
- INSERM U1118, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - William Duddy
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (S.D.)
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Nassar A, Kodi T, Satarker S, Chowdari Gurram P, Upadhya D, SM F, Mudgal J, Nampoothiri M. Astrocytic MicroRNAs and Transcription Factors in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244111. [PMID: 36552875 PMCID: PMC9776935 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are important for maintaining cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and neurotransmission. Indeed, inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration contribute to the altered morphology, gene expression, and function of astrocytes. Astrocytes, in collaboration with numerous microRNAs, regulate brain cholesterol levels as well as glutamatergic and inflammatory signaling, all of which contribute to general brain homeostasis. Neural electrical activity, synaptic plasticity processes, learning, and memory are dependent on the astrocyte-neuron crosstalk. Here, we review the involvement of astrocytic microRNAs that potentially regulate cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction between astrocytic microRNAs and long non-coding RNA and transcription factors specific to astrocytes also contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, astrocytic microRNAs arise as a promising target, as AD conditions are a worldwide public health problem. This review examines novel therapeutic strategies to target astrocyte dysfunction in AD, such as lipid nanodiscs, engineered G protein-coupled receptors, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Fayaz SM
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence:
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Gomes P, Tzouanou F, Skolariki K, Vamvaka-Iakovou A, Noguera-Ortiz C, Tsirtsaki K, Waites CL, Vlamos P, Sousa N, Costa-Silva B, Kapogiannis D, Sotiropoulos I. Extracellular vesicles and Alzheimer's disease in the novel era of Precision Medicine: implications for disease progression, diagnosis and treatment. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114183. [PMID: 35952764 PMCID: PMC9985072 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted membranous nano-sized particles, are critical intercellular messengers participating in nervous system homeostasis, while recent evidence implicates EVs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Specifically, small EVs have been shown to spread toxic proteins, induce neuronal loss, and contribute to neuroinflammation and AD progression. On the other hand, EVs can reduce amyloid-beta deposition and transfer neuroprotective substances between cells, mitigating disease mechanisms. In addition to their roles in AD pathogenesis, EVs also exhibit great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of other brain disorders, representing an advantageous tool for Precision Medicine. Herein, we summarize the contribution of small EVs to AD-related mechanisms and disease progression, as well as their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Foteini Tzouanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Vamvaka-Iakovou
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Noguera-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katerina Tsirtsaki
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clarissa L Waites
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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Goyal A, Verma A, Dubey N, Raghav J, Agrawal A. Naringenin: A prospective therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14415. [PMID: 36106706 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a cluster of progressive, severe, and disabling disorders that affect millions of people worldwide and are on the surge. These disorders are characterized by the gradual loss of a selectively vulnerable group of neurons. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and despite enormous efforts and understanding of the occurrence and progression of NDs, there is still a lack of an effective treatment for such diseases. Therefore, the development of a new therapeutic strategy for NDs is an unmet clinical need. Various natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants or fruits have shown promising activities in treating different types of NDs by targeting multiple signaling pathways. Among natural entities, flavonoids have incited a rise in public and scientific interest in recent years because of their purported health-promoting effects. Dietary supplementation of flavonoids has been shown to mitigate the severity of NDs such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia by their antioxidant effects. Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid that is known to possess numerous biological activities like antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, naringenin has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent that exerts preventive and curative effects on several neurological disorders. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways of naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Derived from the results of several pre-clinical research and considering the therapeutic effects of this compound, this review focuses on the potential role of naringenin as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The overall neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms related to naringenin are discussed. In the light of substantial evidence for naringenin's neuroprotective efficacy in several experimental paradigms, this review suggests that this molecule should be investigated further as a viable candidate for the management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, with an emphasis on mechanistic and clinical trials to determine its efficacy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Naringenin is a flavanone, aglycone of Naringin, predominantly found in citrus fruits with a variety of pharmacological actions. Naringenin has been shown to exhibit remarkable therapeutic efficacy and has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of a variety of diseases such as various heart, liver, and metabolic disorders. Similarly, it has shown efficacy in neurodegenerative illnesses. Therefore, this review enables us to better understand the neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms of naringenin. Also, this review provides a new indication to manage the symptoms of NDs like AD and PD. Furthermore, naringenin will be useful in the field of medicine as a new active ingredient for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jyoti Raghav
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Schirò G, Di Liegro I. RNA-Binding Proteins as Epigenetic Regulators of Brain Functions and Their Involvement in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314622. [PMID: 36498959 PMCID: PMC9739182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A central aspect of nervous system development and function is the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA fate, which implies time- and site-dependent translation, in response to cues originating from cell-to-cell crosstalk. Such events are fundamental for the establishment of brain cell asymmetry, as well as of long-lasting modifications of synapses (long-term potentiation: LTP), responsible for learning, memory, and higher cognitive functions. Post-transcriptional regulation is in turn dependent on RNA-binding proteins that, by recognizing and binding brief RNA sequences, base modifications, or secondary/tertiary structures, are able to control maturation, localization, stability, and translation of the transcripts. Notably, most RBPs contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that are thought to be involved in the formation of membrane-less structures, probably due to liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Such structures are evidenced as a variety of granules that contain proteins and different classes of RNAs. The other side of the peculiar properties of IDRs is, however, that, under altered cellular conditions, they are also prone to form aggregates, as observed in neurodegeneration. Interestingly, RBPs, as part of both normal and aggregated complexes, are also able to enter extracellular vesicles (EVs), and in doing so, they can also reach cells other than those that produced them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-238-97 (ext. 415/446)
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Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111943. [PMID: 36431078 PMCID: PMC9693249 DOI: 10.3390/life12111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not only for various EV-loaded molecules to be delivered to the brain tissues but also for the CNS-to-periphery transmission of these molecules. Since neural EVs transfer proteins and RNAs are both responsible for functional intercellular communication and involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, they represent attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss EVs' role in maintaining the living organisms' function and describe deviations in EVs' structure and malfunctioning during various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Serpe C, Michelucci A, Monaco L, Rinaldi A, De Luca M, Familiari P, Relucenti M, Di Pietro E, Di Castro MA, D’Agnano I, Catacuzzeno L, Limatola C, Catalano M. Astrocytes-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Hinder Glioma Growth. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112952. [PMID: 36428520 PMCID: PMC9688032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells are capable of secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are not a means to eliminate unneeded cellular compounds but represent a process to exchange material (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins) between different cells. This also happens in the brain, where EVs permit the crosstalk between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, functional to homeostatic processes or cellular responses to pathological stimuli. In brain tumors, EVs are responsible for the bidirectional crosstalk between glioblastoma cells and healthy cells, and among them, astrocytes, that assume a pro-tumoral or antitumoral role depending on the stage of the tumor progression. In this work, we show that astrocyte-derived small EVs (sEVs) exert a defensive mechanism against tumor cell growth and invasion. The effect is mediated by astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) through the transfer to tumor cells of factors that hinder glioma growth. We identified one of these factors, enriched in ADEVs, that is miR124. It reduced both the expression and function of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), that, in turn, decreased the cell migration and invasion of murine glioma GL261 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Serpe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Rinaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariassunta De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Di Pietro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Igea D’Agnano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, CNR, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-06-49690243 (C.L.); +39-06-49910467 (M.C.)
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-06-49690243 (C.L.); +39-06-49910467 (M.C.)
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Leggio L, L'Episcopo F, Magrì A, Ulloa-Navas MJ, Paternò G, Vivarelli S, Bastos CAP, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Risiglione P, Pappalardo F, Serra A, García-Tárraga P, Faria N, Powell JJ, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S, García-Verdugo JM, Messina A, Marchetti B, Iraci N. Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Nigrostriatal Astrocytes Rescue Cell Death and Preserve Mitochondrial Function in Parkinson's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201203. [PMID: 35856921 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful players in cell-to-cell communication both in healthy and diseased brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD)-characterized by selective dopaminergic neuron death in ventral midbrain (VMB) and degeneration of their terminals in striatum (STR)-astrocytes exert dual harmful/protective functions, with mechanisms not fully elucidated. Here, this study shows that astrocytes from the VMB-, STR-, and VMB/STR-depleted brains release a population of small EVs in a region-specific manner. Interestingly, VMB-astrocytes secreted the highest rate of EVs, which is further exclusively increased in response to CCL3, a chemokine that promotes robust dopaminergic neuroprotection in different PD models. The neuroprotective potential of nigrostriatal astrocyte-EVs is investigated in differentiated versus undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. EVs from both VMB- and STR-astrocytes counteract H2 O2 -induced caspase-3 activation specifically in differentiated cells, with EVs from CCL3-treated astrocytes showing a higher protective effect. High resolution respirometry further reveals that nigrostriatal astrocyte-EVs rescue neuronal mitochondrial complex I function impaired by the neurotoxin MPP+ . Notably, only EVs from VMB-astrocyte fully restore ATP production, again specifically in differentiated SH-SY5Y. These results highlight a regional diversity in the nigrostriatal system for the secretion and activities of astrocyte-EVs, with neuroprotective implications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Magrì
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - María José Ulloa-Navas
- Laboratory of Compared Neurobiology, University of Valencia-CIBERNED, Paterna, 46980, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32257, USA
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Carlos A P Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, 94018, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Risiglione
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | | | | | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, 94018, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: From Their Physiopathological Roles to Their Clinical Applications in Acute Brain Injuries. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092147. [PMID: 36140248 PMCID: PMC9495841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) form a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures secreted by all cell types. EVs export encapsulated materials composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, making them a key mediator in cell–cell communication. In the context of the neurovascular unit (NVU), a tightly interacting multicellular brain complex, EVs play a role in intercellular communication and in maintaining NVU functionality. In addition, NVU-derived EVs can also impact peripheral tissues by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the blood stream. As such, EVs have been shown to be involved in the physiopathology of numerous neurological diseases. The presence of NVU-released EVs in the systemic circulation offers an opportunity to discover new diagnostic and prognostic markers for those diseases. This review outlines the most recent studies reporting the role of NVU-derived EVs in physiological and pathological mechanisms of the NVU, focusing on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the clinical application of EVs-containing molecules as biomarkers in acute brain injuries, such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), is discussed.
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Mavroeidi P, Vetsi M, Dionysopoulou D, Xilouri M. Exosomes in Alpha-Synucleinopathies: Propagators of Pathology or Potential Candidates for Nanotherapeutics? Biomolecules 2022; 12:957. [PMID: 35883513 PMCID: PMC9313025 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein governs the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, collectively termed alpha-synucleinopathies. Alpha-synuclein can be released in the extracellular space, partly via exosomes, and this extracellular protein pool may contribute to disease progression by facilitating the spread of pathological alpha-synuclein or activating immune cells. The content of exosomes depends on their origin and includes specific proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs and various non-coding RNAs. Given their ability to mediate intercellular communication via the transport of multilevel information, exosomes are considered to be transporters of toxic agents. Beyond neurons, glial cells also release exosomes, which may contain inflammatory molecules and this glia-to-neuron or neuron-to-glia transmission of exosomal alpha-synuclein may contribute to the propagation of pathology and neuroinflammation throughout the brain. In addition, as their content varies as per their originating and recipient cells, these vesicles can be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection, whereas targeted exosomes may be used as scaffolds to deliver therapeutic agents into the brain. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of exosomes in the progression of alpha-synuclein-related pathology and their potential use as biomarkers and nanotherapeutics in alpha-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Xilouri
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (M.V.); (D.D.)
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Potential Treatment Targeting Pathological Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4645021. [PMID: 35757508 PMCID: PMC9217616 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4645021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes up a large proportion of acute brain injuries and is a major cause of disability globally. Its complicated etiology and pathogenesis mainly include primary injury and secondary injury over time, which can cause cognitive deficits, physical disabilities, mood changes, and impaired verbal communication. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) based therapy has shown significant therapeutic potential to target TBI-induced pathological processes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the main pathological processes of TBI and summarize the underlying mechanisms of MSC-based TBI treatment. We also discuss research progress in the field of MSC therapy in TBI as well as major shortcomings and the great potential shown.
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Oyarce K, Cepeda MY, Lagos R, Garrido C, Vega-Letter AM, Garcia-Robles M, Luz-Crawford P, Elizondo-Vega R. Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Effects of Glial-Derived Exosomes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:920686. [PMID: 35813501 PMCID: PMC9257100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.920686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes can modulate cell communication in the brain and exert protective or neurotoxic effects on neurons, depending on the environmental context upon their release. Their isolation, characterization, and analysis under different conditions in vitro, in animal models and samples derived from patients has allowed to define the participation of other molecular mechanisms behind neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration spreading, and to propose their use as a potential diagnostic tool. Moreover, the discovery of specific molecular cargos, such as cytokines, membrane-bound and soluble proteins (neurotrophic factors, growth factors, misfolded proteins), miRNA and long-non-coding RNA, that are enriched in glial-derived exosomes with neuroprotective or damaging effects, or their inhibitors can now be tested as therapeutic tools. In this review we summarize the state of the art on how exosomes secretion by glia can affect neurons and other glia from the central nervous system in the context of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, but also, on how specific stress stimuli and pathological conditions can change the levels of exosome secretion and their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Yamila Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Lagos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camila Garrido
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Garcia-Robles
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Elizondo-Vega,
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He T, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Crosstalk of Astrocytes and Other Cells during Ischemic Stroke. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060910. [PMID: 35743941 PMCID: PMC9228674 DOI: 10.3390/life12060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Astrocytes structurally compose tripartite synapses, blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular unit and perform multiple functions through cell-to-cell signaling of neurons, glial cells, and vasculature. The crosstalk of astrocytes and other cells is complicated and incompletely understood. Here we review the role of astrocytes in response to ischemic stroke, both beneficial and detrimental, from a cell–cell interaction perspective. Reactive astrocytes provide neuroprotection through antioxidation and antiexcitatory effects and metabolic support; they also contribute to neurorestoration involving neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis by crosstalk with stem cells and cell lineage. In the meantime, reactive astrocytes also play a vital role in neuroinflammation and brain edema. Glial scar formation in the chronic phase hinders functional recovery. We further discuss astrocyte enriched microRNAs and exosomes in the regulation of ischemic stroke. In addition, the latest notion of reactive astrocyte subsets and astrocytic activity revealed by optogenetics is mentioned. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between astrocytes and other cells and outlines its potential implications after ischemic stroke. “Neurocentric” strategies may not be sufficient for neurological protection and recovery; future therapeutic strategies could target reactive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
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49
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Yakovlev AA. Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocyte Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4015-4029. [PMID: 35460054 PMCID: PMC9167181 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence points to the lipocalin apolipoprotein D (ApoD), one of the few genes consistently upregulated upon brain ageing and neurodegeneration, as an endogenous controller of the redox state of cellular and extracellular lipid structures. This biochemical function has downstream consequences as apparently varied as control of glycocalyx and myelin compaction, cell viability upon oxidative stress or modulation of signalling pathways. In spite of this knowledge, it is still unclear if ApoD function requires canonical receptor-mediated transductions systems. This work aims to examine ApoD-cell membrane interaction and its dependence on a proposed ApoD receptor, Basigin. Whole and fractionated membrane preparations from the brain, primary astrocytes, glial and neuronal cell lines, reveal ApoD as a very specific component of particular subtypes of detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). ApoD interacts in vitro with neuronal membranes and is stably associated with astrocytic membranes. ApoD associates with DRMs with specific buoyancy properties that co-fractionate with plasma or late-endosome-lysosome markers. A mass spectrometry analysis reveals that these Triton X-114 DRMs contain both plasma membrane and endosomal-lysosomal compartment lipid raft proteins. ApoD-DRM association is maintained under metabolic and acute oxidative stress conditions. However, ApoD-membrane interaction, its internalization and its lipid-antioxidant function do not require the presence of Basigin. This work supports a stable association of ApoD with membranes, independent of Basigin, and provides the basis to fully understand ApoD antioxidant neuroprotective mechanism as a mechanism taking place in specific membrane subdomains.
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