1
|
Saldeitis K, Jeschke M, Budinger E, Ohl FW, Happel MFK. Laser-Induced Apoptosis of Corticothalamic Neurons in Layer VI of Auditory Cortex Impact on Cortical Frequency Processing. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:659280. [PMID: 34322001 PMCID: PMC8311662 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.659280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticofugal projections outnumber subcortical input projections by far. However, the specific role for signal processing of corticofugal feedback is still less well understood in comparisonto the feedforward projection. Here, we lesioned corticothalamic (CT) neurons in layers V and/or VI of the auditory cortex of Mongolian gerbils by laser-induced photolysis to investigate their contribution to cortical activation patterns. We have used laminar current-source density (CSD) recordings of tone-evoked responses and could show that, particularly, lesion of CT neurons in layer VI affected cortical frequency processing. Specifically, we found a decreased gain of best-frequency input in thalamocortical (TC)-recipient input layers that correlated with the relative lesion of layer VI neurons, but not layer V neurons. Using cortical silencing with the GABA a -agonist muscimol and layer-specific intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), we found that direct activation of infragranular layers recruited a local recurrent cortico-thalamo-cortical loop of synaptic input. This recurrent feedback was also only interrupted when lesioning layer VI neurons, but not cells in layer V. Our study thereby shows distinct roles of these two types of CT neurons suggesting a particular impact of CT feedback from layer VI to affect the local feedforward frequency processing in auditory cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Saldeitis
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, Cognitive Hearing in Primates Lab, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jeschke
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, Cognitive Hearing in Primates Lab, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eike Budinger
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Biology (IBIO), University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Max F K Happel
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rupasinghe A, Francis N, Liu J, Bowen Z, Kanold PO, Babadi B. Direct extraction of signal and noise correlations from two-photon calcium imaging of ensemble neuronal activity. eLife 2021; 10:68046. [PMID: 34180397 PMCID: PMC8354639 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity correlations are key to understanding how populations of neurons collectively encode information. While two-photon calcium imaging has created a unique opportunity to record the activity of large populations of neurons, existing methods for inferring correlations from these data face several challenges. First, the observations of spiking activity produced by two-photon imaging are temporally blurred and noisy. Secondly, even if the spiking data were perfectly recovered via deconvolution, inferring network-level features from binary spiking data is a challenging task due to the non-linear relation of neuronal spiking to endogenous and exogenous inputs. In this work, we propose a methodology to explicitly model and directly estimate signal and noise correlations from two-photon fluorescence observations, without requiring intermediate spike deconvolution. We provide theoretical guarantees on the performance of the proposed estimator and demonstrate its utility through applications to simulated and experimentally recorded data from the mouse auditory cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuththara Rupasinghe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Nikolas Francis
- The Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Ji Liu
- The Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Zac Bowen
- The Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- The Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Behtash Babadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Development of Auditory Cortex Circuits. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:237-259. [PMID: 33909161 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to process and perceive sensory stimuli is an essential function for animals. Among the sensory modalities, audition is crucial for communication, pleasure, care for the young, and perceiving threats. The auditory cortex (ACtx) is a key sound processing region that combines ascending signals from the auditory periphery and inputs from other sensory and non-sensory regions. The development of ACtx is a protracted process starting prenatally and requires the complex interplay of molecular programs, spontaneous activity, and sensory experience. Here, we review the development of thalamic and cortical auditory circuits during pre- and early post-natal periods.
Collapse
|
4
|
Developmental PCB Exposure Disrupts Synaptic Transmission and Connectivity in the Rat Auditory Cortex, Independent of Its Effects on Peripheral Hearing Threshold. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0321-20.2021. [PMID: 33483323 PMCID: PMC7901149 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0321-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are enduring environmental toxicants and exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits. The auditory system appears particularly sensitive, as previous work has shown that developmental PCB exposure causes both hearing loss and gross disruptions in the organization of the rat auditory cortex. However, the mechanisms underlying PCB-induced changes are not known, nor is it known whether the central effects of PCBs are a consequence of peripheral hearing loss. Here, we study changes in both peripheral and central auditory function in rats with developmental PCB exposure using a combination of optical and electrophysiological approaches. Female rats were exposed to an environmental PCB mixture in utero and until weaning. At adulthood, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured, and synaptic currents were recorded in slices from auditory cortex layer 2/3 neurons. Spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) and miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) were more frequent in PCB-exposed rats compared with controls and the normal relationship between IPSC parameters and peripheral hearing was eliminated in PCB-exposed rats. No changes in spontaneous EPSCs were found. Conversely, when synaptic currents were evoked by laser photostimulation of caged-glutamate, PCB exposure did not affect evoked inhibitory transmission, but increased the total excitatory charge, the number and distance of sites that evoke a significant response. Together, these findings indicate that early developmental exposure to PCBs causes long-lasting changes in both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in the auditory cortex that are independent of peripheral hearing changes, suggesting the effects are because of the direct impact of PCBs on the developing auditory cortex.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun H, Takesian AE, Wang TT, Lippman-Bell JJ, Hensch TK, Jensen FE. Early Seizures Prematurely Unsilence Auditory Synapses to Disrupt Thalamocortical Critical Period Plasticity. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2533-2540. [PMID: 29847785 PMCID: PMC6446922 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened neural excitability in infancy and childhood results in increased susceptibility to seizures. Such early-life seizures are associated with language deficits and autism that can result from aberrant development of the auditory cortex. Here, we show that early-life seizures disrupt a critical period (CP) for tonotopic map plasticity in primary auditory cortex (A1). We show that this CP is characterized by a prevalence of “silent,” NMDA-receptor (NMDAR)-only, glutamate receptor synapses in auditory cortex that become “unsilenced” due to activity-dependent AMPA receptor (AMPAR) insertion. Induction of seizures prior to this CP occludes tonotopic map plasticity by prematurely unsilencing NMDAR-only synapses. Further, brief treatment with the AMPAR antagonist NBQX following seizures, prior to the CP, prevents synapse unsilencing and permits subsequent A1 plasticity. These findings reveal that early-life seizures modify CP regulators and suggest that therapeutic targets for early post-seizure treatment can rescue CP plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Anne E Takesian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ting Ting Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jocelyn J Lippman-Bell
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tabas A, Andermann M, Schuberth V, Riedel H, Balaguer-Ballester E, Rupp A. Modeling and MEG evidence of early consonance processing in auditory cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006820. [PMID: 30818358 PMCID: PMC6413961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitch is a fundamental attribute of auditory perception. The interaction of concurrent pitches gives rise to a sensation that can be characterized by its degree of consonance or dissonance. In this work, we propose that human auditory cortex (AC) processes pitch and consonance through a common neural network mechanism operating at early cortical levels. First, we developed a new model of neural ensembles incorporating realistic neuronal and synaptic parameters to assess pitch processing mechanisms at early stages of AC. Next, we designed a magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment to measure the neuromagnetic activity evoked by dyads with varying degrees of consonance or dissonance. MEG results show that dissonant dyads evoke a pitch onset response (POR) with a latency up to 36 ms longer than consonant dyads. Additionally, we used the model to predict the processing time of concurrent pitches; here, consonant pitch combinations were decoded faster than dissonant combinations, in line with the experimental observations. Specifically, we found a striking match between the predicted and the observed latency of the POR as elicited by the dyads. These novel results suggest that consonance processing starts early in human auditory cortex and may share the network mechanisms that are responsible for (single) pitch processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tabas
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AT); (EBB)
| | - Martin Andermann
- Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Schuberth
- Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Riedel
- Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emili Balaguer-Ballester
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (AT); (EBB)
| | - André Rupp
- Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Slater BJ, Sons SK, Yudintsev G, Lee CM, Llano DA. Thalamocortical and Intracortical Inputs Differentiate Layer-Specific Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular Neurons. J Neurosci 2019; 39:256-270. [PMID: 30361396 PMCID: PMC6325253 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3352-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range descending projections from the auditory cortex play key roles in shaping response properties in the inferior colliculus. The auditory corticocollicular projection is massive and heterogeneous, with axons emanating from cortical layers 5 and 6, and plays a key role in directing plastic changes in the inferior colliculus. However, little is known about the cortical and thalamic networks within which corticocollicular neurons are embedded. Here, laser scanning photostimulation glutamate uncaging and photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 were used to probe the local and long-range network differences between preidentified layer 5 and layer 6 auditory corticocollicular neurons from male and female mice in vitro Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons were found to vertically integrate supragranular excitatory and inhibitory input to a substantially greater degree than their layer 6 counterparts. In addition, all layer 5 corticocollicular neurons received direct and large thalamic inputs from channelrhodopsin-2-labeled thalamocortical fibers, whereas such inputs were less common in layer 6 corticocollicular neurons. Finally, a new low-calcium/synaptic blockade approach to separate direct from indirect inputs using laser photostimulation was validated. These data demonstrate that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular neurons receive distinct sets of cortical and thalamic inputs, supporting the hypothesis that they have divergent roles in modulating the inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the direct connection between the auditory thalamus and layer 5 corticocollicular neurons reveals a novel and rapid link connecting ascending and descending pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Descending projections from the cortex play a critical role in shaping the response properties of sensory neurons. The projection from the auditory cortex to the inferior colliculus is a massive, yet poorly understood, pathway emanating from two distinct cortical layers. Here we show, using a range of optical techniques, that mouse auditory corticocollicular neurons from different layers are embedded into different cortical and thalamic networks. Specifically, we observed that layer 5 corticocollicular neurons integrate information across cortical lamina and receive direct thalamic input. The latter connection provides a hyperdirect link between acoustic sensation and descending control, thus demonstrating a novel mechanism for rapid "online" modulation of sensory perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Slater
- Neuroscience Program and
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Stacy K Sons
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Georgiy Yudintsev
- Neuroscience Program and
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Christopher M Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Neuroscience Program and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie F, You L, Cai D, Liu M, Yue Y, Wang Y, Yuan K. Fast Inhibitory Decay Facilitates Adult-like Temporal Processing in Layer 5 of Developing Primary Auditory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:4319-4335. [PMID: 29121216 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protracted maturational process of temporal processing in layer 4 (L4) of primary auditory cortex (A1) has been extensively studied. Accumulating evidences show that layer 5 (L5) receives direct thalamic inputs as well. How the temporal responses in L5 may developmentally emerge remains unclear. Using in vivo loose-patch recordings in rat A1, we found that putative pyramidal (Pyr) neurons in developing L5 exhibited adult-like stimulus-following ability but less bursting shortly after hearing onset. L5 Pyr neurons in adult A1 exhibited phase-locking similar to L4 neurons, while L5 fast-spiking (FS) neurons showed greater phase-locking at 7 and 12.5 pps. In developing L5, whole-cell recordings revealed inhibition with decay constant comparable to that in adult L5, thereby avoiding the summation of inhibition that contributed to the strong adaptation in L4. Given the targets of L5 outputs, the relatively precocious temporal processing in L5 might contribute to temporal response maturation in connected cortical and subcortical areas. Our findings were in agreement with the idea that L5 may be a "hub" for processing cortical inputs and outputs that can operate independently of L4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqin Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Osanai H, Minusa S, Tateno T. Micro-coil-induced Inhomogeneous Electric Field Produces sound-driven-like Neural Responses in Microcircuits of the Mouse Auditory Cortex In Vivo. Neuroscience 2018; 371:346-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
Yee AX, Hsu YT, Chen L. A metaplasticity view of the interaction between homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0155. [PMID: 28093549 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity are two major forms of plasticity in the nervous system: Hebbian plasticity provides a synaptic basis for associative learning, whereas homeostatic plasticity serves to stabilize network activity. While achieving seemingly very different goals, these two types of plasticity interact functionally through overlapping elements in their respective mechanisms. Here, we review studies conducted in the mammalian central nervous system, summarize known circuit and molecular mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity, and compare these mechanisms with those that mediate Hebbian plasticity. We end with a discussion of 'local' homeostatic plasticity and the potential role of local homeostatic plasticity as a form of metaplasticity that modulates a neuron's future capacity for Hebbian plasticity.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada X Yee
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| | - Yu-Tien Hsu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Sullivan CS, Kratz MB, Kasten MR, Maness PF, Manis PB. NCAM Regulates Inhibition and Excitability in Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Cells of Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:19. [PMID: 28386219 PMCID: PMC5362729 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), has been shown to be an obligate regulator of synaptic stability and pruning during critical periods of cortical maturation. However, the functional consequences of NCAM deletion on the organization of inhibitory circuits in cortex are not known. In vesicular gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter (VGAT)-channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2)-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) transgenic mice, NCAM is expressed postnatally at perisomatic synaptic puncta of EYFP-labeled parvalbumin, somatostatin and calretinin-positive interneurons, and in the neuropil in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). To investigate how NCAM deletion affects the spatial organization of inhibitory inputs to pyramidal cells, we used laser scanning photostimulation in brain slices of VGAT-ChR2-EYFP transgenic mice crossed to either NCAM-null or wild type (WT) mice. Laser scanning photostimulation revealed that NCAM deletion increased the strength of close-in inhibitory connections to layer 2/3 pyramidal cells of the ACC. In addition, in NCAM-null mice, the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal cells increased, whereas the intrinsic excitability of GABAergic interneurons did not change. The increase in inhibitory tone onto pyramidal cells, and the increased pyramidal cell excitability in NCAM-null mice will alter the delicate coordination of excitation and inhibition (E/I coordination) in the ACC, and may be a factor contributing to circuit dysfunction in diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, in which NCAM has been implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chelsea S Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Megan B Kratz
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Kasten
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patricia F Maness
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul B Manis
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meng X, Kao JPY, Lee HK, Kanold PO. Intracortical Circuits in Thalamorecipient Layers of Auditory Cortex Refine after Visual Deprivation. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0092-17.2017. [PMID: 28396883 PMCID: PMC5383732 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0092-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory cortices do not work in isolation. The functional responses of neurons in primary sensory cortices can be affected by activity from other modalities. For example, short-term visual deprivations, or dark exposure (DE), leads to enhanced neuronal responses and frequency selectivity to sounds in layer 4 (L4) of primary auditory cortex (A1). Circuit changes within A1 likely underlie these changes. Prior studies revealed that DE enhanced thalamocortical transmission to L4 in A1. Because the frequency selectivity of L4 neurons is determined by both thalamocortical and intracortical inputs, changes in intralaminar circuits to L4 neurons might also contribute to improved sound responses. We thus investigated in mouse A1 whether intracortical circuits to L4 cells changed after DE. Using in vitro whole-cell patch recordings in thalamocortical slices from mouse auditory cortex, we show that DE can lead to refinement of interlaminar excitatory as well as inhibitory connections from L2/3 to L4 cells, manifested as a weakening of these connections. The circuit refinement is present along the tonotopic axis, indicating reduced integration along the tonotopic axis. Thus, cross-modal influences may alter the spectral and temporal processing of sensory stimuli in multiple cortical layers by refinement of thalamocortical and intracortical circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Meng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Joseph P. Y. Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamamura D, Sano A, Tateno T. An analysis of current source density profiles activated by local stimulation in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro. Brain Res 2017; 1659:96-112. [PMID: 28119054 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
14
|
Ghaffarian N, Mesgari M, Cerina M, Göbel K, Budde T, Speckmann EJ, Meuth SG, Gorji A. Thalamocortical-auditory network alterations following cuprizone-induced demyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:160. [PMID: 27334140 PMCID: PMC4918138 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Demyelination and remyelination are common pathological processes in many neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinical evidence suggests extensive involvement of the thalamocortical (TC) system in patients suffering from MS. Methods Using murine brain slices of the primary auditory cortex, we investigated the functional consequences of cuprizone-induced de- and remyelination on neuronal activity and auditory TC synaptic transmission in vitro. Results Our results revealed an impact of myelin loss and restoration on intrinsic cellular firing patterns, synaptic transmission, and neuronal plasticity in layer 3 and 4 neurons of the auditory TC network. While there was a complex hyper- and depolarizing shift of the resting membrane potential, spontaneous and induced action potential firing was reduced during demyelination and early remyelination. In addition, excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes were decreased and induction of LTP was reduced during demyelination. Conclusions These data indicate that demyelination-induced impairment of neurons and network activity within the TC system may underlie clinical symptoms observed in demyelinating diseases, corroborating human findings that disease progression is significantly correlated with microstructural tissue damage of the TC system. Further investigation into focal inflammation-induced demyelination models ex vivo and in vivo are needed to understand the functional implication of local and remote lesion formation on TC network activity in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Ghaffarian
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Masoud Mesgari
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Göbel
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Erwin-Josef Speckmann
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Intskirveli I, Joshi A, Vizcarra-Chacón BJ, Metherate R. Spectral breadth and laminar distribution of thalamocortical inputs to A1. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2083-94. [PMID: 26888102 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00887.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic agonist muscimol is used to inactivate brain regions in order to reveal afferent inputs in isolation. However, muscimol's use in primary auditory cortex (A1) has been questioned on the grounds that it may unintentionally suppress thalamocortical inputs. We tested whether muscimol can preferentially suppress cortical, but not thalamocortical, circuits in urethane-anesthetized mice. We recorded tone-evoked current source density profiles to determine frequency receptive fields (RFs) for three current sinks: the "layer 4" sink (fastest onset, middle-layer sink) and current sinks 100 μm above ("layer 2/3") and 300 μm below ("layer 5/6") the main input. We first determined effects of muscimol dose (0.01-1 mM) on the characteristic frequency (CF) tone-evoked layer 4 sink. An "ideal" dose (100 μM) had no effect on CF-evoked sink onset latency or initial response but reduced peak amplitude by >80%, implying inhibition of intracortical, but not thalamocortical, activity. We extended the analysis to current sinks in layers 2/3 and 5/6 and for all three sinks determined RF breadth (quarter-octave steps, 20 dB above CF threshold). Muscimol reduced RF breadth 42% in layer 2/3 (from 2.4 ± 0.14 to 1.4 ± 0.11 octaves), 14% in layer 4 (2.2 ± 0.12 to 1.9 ± 0.10 octaves), and not at all in layer 5/6 (1.8 ± 0.10 to 1.7 ± 0.12 octaves). The results provide an estimate of the laminar and spectral extent of thalamocortical projections and support the hypothesis that intracortical pathways contribute to spectral integration in A1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irakli Intskirveli
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Anar Joshi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | - Raju Metherate
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sturm JJ, Nguyen T, Kandler K. Mapping Auditory Synaptic Circuits with Photostimulation of Caged Glutamate. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1427:525-537. [PMID: 27259947 PMCID: PMC5957083 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3615-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photostimulation of neurons with caged glutamate is a viable tool for mapping the strength and spatial distribution of synaptic networks in living brain slices. In photostimulation experiments, synaptic connectivity is assessed by eliciting action potentials in putative presynaptic neurons via focal photolysis of caged glutamate, while measuring postsynaptic responses via intracellular recordings. Two approaches are commonly used for delivering light to small, defined areas in the slice preparation; an optical fiber-based method and a laser-scanning-based method. In this chapter, we outline the technical bases for using photostimulation of caged glutamate to map synaptic circuits, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using fiber-based vs. laser-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Sturm
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ear and Eye Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Physics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Karl Kandler
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ear and Eye Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|