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Agyapong B, da Luz Dias R, Wei Y, Agyapong VIO. Burnout among elementary and high school teachers in three Canadian provinces: prevalence and predictors. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1396461. [PMID: 38737860 PMCID: PMC11082415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout is a longstanding issue among educators and has been associated with psychological and physical health problems such as depression, and insomnia. Objective To assess the prevalence and predictors of the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of professional accomplishment) among elementary and high school teachers. Methods This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with data collected via an online survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Perceived Stress Scale were used, respectively, to assess burnout, resilience and stress among teachers. Data was collected between September 1st, 2022 and August 30th, 2023. SPSS (version 28, IBM Corp) was used for the data analysis. Results Overall, 1912 educators received a link to the online survey via a text message, and 780 completed the burnout survey questions, resulting in a response rate of 41%. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of professional accomplishment were 76.9, 23.2, and 30.8%, respectively. Participants with high-stress symptoms were 6.88 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion (OR = 6.88; 95% CI: 3.31-14.29), 2.55 times (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.65-3.93) more likely to experience depersonalization and 2.34 times (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.64-3.35) more likely to experience lack of professional fulfilment. Additionally, respondents with low resilience were 3.26 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion symptoms (OR = 3.26; 95% CI: 2.00-5.31), than those with high resilience. Males were about 2.4 times more likely to present with depersonalization compared to female teachers, whilst those who indicated their marital status as partnered or cohabiting and those who selected "other" were 3.5 and 7.3 times, respectively, more likely to present with depersonalization compared with those who were single. Finally, Physical Education were 3.8 times more likely to present with depersonalization compared with English teachers. Conclusion The current study highlights the predictive effects of low resilience and high stress on the three dimensions of burnout among teachers in Canada. Interventions aimed at addressing systemic stress and fostering resilience are needed to reduce burnout among teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raquel da Luz Dias
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Juárez-García A, Merino-Soto C, García-Rivas J. Psychometric Validity of the Areas of Work Life Scale (AWS) in Teachers and Healthcare Workers in México. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1521-1538. [PMID: 37623308 PMCID: PMC10453432 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The areas of work life scale (AWS) has shown to be a suitable marker of perceived fit between employees' abilities and the psychosocial demands of the job, but validation studies are practically nonexistent in the Latino population. The purpose of this study was twofold: firstly, to examine the factor structure, reliability, and invariance between sex and occupation of the AWS scale, and secondly, to test the AWS-burnout relationship within the framework of the structural mediational model proposed by Leiter and Maslach (2005). N = 305 health workers and N = 324 teachers from different work settings answered the AWS and MBI-GS scales. In this study, 64.4% of the participants were females (N = 405), and the mean age was 34.7 (sd = 11.7, rank = 56). Robust methods for statistical analyses were used. The results showed that the original version had marginal fit indices due to a method effect (negative phrasing items), and when seven negative items were removed, a final best model was found (CFI = 0.997; RMSEA = 0.060; SRMRu = 0.047). Non-invariance between occupation and sex was found, and the internal consistency was from marginal to satisfactory (ω = 0.658 to 0.840). The mediational structural model tested confirmed the expected associations between AWS and burnout. In conclusion, the Mexican translation of the AWS in its 22-reduced version showed reliability and validity in Mexican work contexts, specifically in healthcare workers and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Juárez-García
- Centro de Investigación Transdisciplinar e Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Morelos 62350, Mexico
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima 15048, Peru;
| | - Javier García-Rivas
- Centro Interamericano de Estudios de Seguridad Social (CIESS), Ciudad de Mexico 10200, Mexico;
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Malinauskas R, Malinauskiene V. Characteristics of Stress and Burnout among Lithuanian University Coaches: A Pre-Pandemic Coronavirus and Post-Pandemic Period Comparison. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2096. [PMID: 37510538 PMCID: PMC10379386 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The majority of studies analyzing associations between burnout, gender, and perceived stress have utilized a cross-sectional design. This present longitudinal study investigated associations between burnout, perceived stress, and gender compared during the pre-pandemic Coronavirus and post-pandemic period among Lithuanian university coaches. (2) Methods: 214 university coaches were randomly selected for the study. Study participants completed two measurements: one pre-pandemic and the second post-pandemic. (3) Results: Gender differences were identified on all burnout elements but not on perceived stress. Repeated measures (RM) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results did not show a significant effect for the interaction between gender and time. Results of hierarchical (stepwise) regression analyses revealed that perceived stress after the pandemic predicted burnout levels for all three burnout components (exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment) after the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: The current study contributes to the understanding of burnout components in relation to perceived stress through a longitudinal approach using a representative sample of Lithuanian university coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdas Malinauskas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilija Malinauskiene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gil-Monte PR, Espejo B, Checa I, Gil-LaOrden P, Angeline J K, Carlotto MS, Converso D, Deroncele-Acosta Á, Figueiredo-Ferraz H, Galarza L, Gómez-Ortiz V, Grau-Alberola E, Labarthe J, Llorca-Pellicer M, Mekala V C, Misiolek-Marín A, Román-Cao E, Salas-Blas E, Schoenenberger S, Unda-Rojas S, Viotti S. Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Spanish Burnout Inventory Among Professionals Across 17 Countries and Regions. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:869-892. [PMID: 36345422 PMCID: PMC9631596 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the prevalence of burnout in professionals in service organizations who work in direct contact with the clients or users of the organization have concluded that burnout is a serious health disorder that has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant advantage of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) over other instruments is that it provides a broader conceptualization of burnout by including feelings of guilt as a dimension of burnout to explain its development. However, the measurement invariance of the SBI across countries has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the SBI among professionals across 17 countries and regions in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and in different languages. All the countries showed a good fit to the four-factor model, except the Indian sample, which was excluded from the measurement invariance study. Using the alignment method, it was possible to verify the scalar measurement invariance of the four SBI factors across 15 countries and one Spanish region (16 samples). The comparison of estimated latent means indicates that France is the country with the lowest scores on the Enthusiasm factor and the highest scores on the negative factors (Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt). In contrast, the Andean countries, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, show the highest latent means on the Enthusiasm factor and the lowest means on the negative factors. These results support the validity of the SBI in the countries and regions in Europe and Latin America included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R. Gil-Monte
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Espejo
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Checa
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gil-LaOrden
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Figueiredo-Ferraz
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Ester Grau-Alberola
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Marta Llorca-Pellicer
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Unda-Rojas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, FES Zaragoza, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sara Viotti
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Malinauskas R, Grinevicius M, Malinauskiene V. Burnout among Telecommunication Sales Managers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11249. [PMID: 36141531 PMCID: PMC9517578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Various investigations have confirmed that burnout prevails in intensive and demanding contemporary working environments. Most of these studies have analyzed the associations between emotional exhaustion and various work factors. We studied the gap in the literature by simultaneously considering the three commonly recognized dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) using a representative sample of telecommunication sales managers. (2) Methods: 849 survey respondents completed an anonymous questionnaire that included items representing psychosocial factors at work, lifestyle characteristics, and the Maslach Burnout inventory. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed the predictors of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. (3) Results: job demands and witnessing bullying at the workplace were the most powerful predictors of emotional exhaustion, followed by self-rated health, night work, education, and physical inactivity. Witnessing bullying at the workplace, job control, self-rated health, and physical inactivity were the strongest predictors of depersonalization. Finally, direct experiences of negative acts at the workplace, job control, social support at work, bullying exposure duration, family crises, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol, and body mass index were the most important predictors of reduced personal accomplishments. (4) Conclusions: the present study fills a gap in the research surrounding the three dimensions of burnout. The findings not only confirm that high job demands, low job control, and low social support at work contribute to burnout but also contribute to the novel understanding that workplace bullying plays an integral role.
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Hu L, Huang SYB, Li HX, Lee SC. To help others or not: A moderated mediation model of emotional dissonance. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:893623. [PMID: 35992954 PMCID: PMC9387429 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.893623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This article proposes a moderated mediation model of emotional dissonance. In the model, emotional leadership negatively affects emotional dissonance, which, in turn, negatively affects helping behavior. Furthermore, the negative effect of emotional dissonance is assumed to be moderated by work-family conflict. Direct effects from both emotional leadership and work-family conflict to helping other behavior are also considered. Previous studies have neglected the mechanism of emotional dissonance, but this paper fills the gap with a moderated mediation model of emotional dissonance. This article not only provides an incremental contribution to the emotional dissonance literature but also suggests means by which companies might enhance employe helping behaviors in order to achieve greater organizational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Department of Finance, Hsing Wu University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Stanley Y. B. Huang
- Ming Chuan University, Master Program of Financial Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Xin Li
- Department of Logistics Management, National Defense University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chin Lee
- Department of Finance, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Hu L, Chang TW, Lee YS, Huang CH. A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Engagement in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Role of Emotional Resources. Front Psychol 2022; 13:878415. [PMID: 35572323 PMCID: PMC9096657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.878415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Department of Finance, Hsing Wu University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Chang
- Graduate School of Resources Management and Decision Science, National Defense University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Shi Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Huang
- General Education Center, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Pels F, Hartmann U, Schäfer-Pels A, von Haaren-Mack B. Potential stressors in (prospective) physical education teachers: a comparison of different career stages. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC8972900 DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified stressors in physical education (PE) teachers. However, these studies lack a comprehensive consideration of potential teaching-related stressors combined with an analysis of differences in these potential stressors between different career stages. Given that many physical education teachers suffer from stress, the purpose of the present study was to investigate potential stressors in three career stages of (prospective) physical education teachers (student teachers, pre-service teachers, teachers) in order to further develop their education in terms of stress management. The results of a survey of 723 German (prospective) physical education teachers (255 student teachers, 117 pre-service teachers, 351 teachers) showed that, overall, noise, heterogeneity of students, and inadequate curriculum were reported to be the most frequent potential stressors. When controlling for teaching hours per week, teachers, and pre-service teachers did not differ in the frequency of potential stressors. However, both teachers and pre-service teachers reported significantly less lack of facilities/equipment, pupils’ discipline problems, and lack of pupils’ motivation than student teachers, and significantly more noise than PE student teachers. Additionally, teachers reported more heterogeneity of pupils than student teachers. These findings can be explained by characteristics of the specific career stages. For practical application, it can be concluded that there is a need for coping interventions that are tailored to the stressors which are salient in a specific career phase. In future research, studies should investigate stressors in different career stages longitudinally.
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