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Wang J, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Lu S, Han G, Bian M, huang L, Meng D, Su D, Xiao L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Gong N, Jiang L. Remodeling of the Intra-Conduit Inflammatory Microenvironment to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with a Neuromechanical Matching Protein-Based Conduit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302988. [PMID: 38430538 PMCID: PMC11077661 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a challenging area in regenerative medicine. Nerve guide conduit (NGC) transplantation is a common treatment for PNI, but the prognosis of NGC treatment is unsatisfactory due to 1) neuromechanical unmatching and 2) the intra-conduit inflammatory microenvironment (IME) resulting from Schwann cell pyroptosis and inflammatory-polarized macrophages. A neuromechanically matched NGC composed of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) loaded with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (P:P) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are designed, which exhibits a matched elastic modulus (25.1 ± 3.5 MPa) for the peripheral nerve and the highest 80% elongation at break, better than most protein-based conduits. Moreover, the NGC can gradually regulate the intra-conduit IME by releasing DMF and monitoring sciatic nerve movements via piezoresistive sensing. The combination of NGC and electrical stimulation modulates the IME to support PNI regeneration by synergistically inhibiting Schwann cell pyroptosis and reducing inflammatory factor release, shifting macrophage polarization from the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the tissue regenerative M2 phenotype and resulting in functional recovery of neurons. In a rat sciatic nerve crush model, NGC promoted remyelination and functional and structural regeneration. Generally, the DMF/RSF/P:P conduit provides a new potential therapeutic approach to promote nerve repair in future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Ya Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of RehabilitationZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shu‐Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistrySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Shun‐Yi Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Guan‐Jie Han
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Meng‐Xuan Bian
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Lei huang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - De‐Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Di‐Han Su
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringCentre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
- Australia‐China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringCentre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
- Australia‐China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold Coast4222Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Ning‐Ji Gong
- Department of EmergencyDepartment of OrthopedicsThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250033China
| | - Li‐Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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Joshi A, Choudhury S, Baghel VS, Ghosh S, Gupta S, Lahiri D, Ananthasuresh GK, Chatterjee K. 4D Printed Programmable Shape-Morphing Hydrogels as Intraoperative Self-Folding Nerve Conduits for Sutureless Neurorrhaphy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300701. [PMID: 37017130 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
There are only a few reports of implantable 4D printed biomaterials, most of which exhibit slow deformations rendering them unsuitable for in situ surgical deployment. In this study, a hydrogel system is engineered with defined swelling behaviors, which demonstrated excellent printability in extrusion-based 3D printing and programmed shape deformations post-printing. Shape deformations of the spatially patterned hydrogels with defined infill angles are computationally predicted for a variety of 3D printed structures, which are subsequently validated experimentally. The gels are coated with gelatin-rich nanofibers to augment cell growth. 3D-printed hydrogel sheets with pre-programmed infill patterns rapidly self-rolled into tubes in vivo to serve as nerve-guiding conduits for repairing sciatic nerve defects in a rat model. These 4D-printed hydrogels minimized the complexity of surgeries by tightly clamping the resected ends of the nerves to assist in the healing of peripheral nerve damage, as revealed by histological evaluation and functional assessments for up to 45 days. This work demonstrates that 3D-printed hydrogels can be designed for programmed shape changes by swelling in vivo to yield 4D-printed tissue constructs for the repair of peripheral nerve damage with the potential to be extended in other areas of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Joshi
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Saswat Choudhury
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vageesh Singh Baghel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharshi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, 133207, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - G K Ananthasuresh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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Does Electrical Stimulation through Nerve Conduits Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration?—A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030414. [PMID: 36983596 PMCID: PMC10057314 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral nerve injuries affect over 2% of trauma patients and can lead to severe functional impairment and permanent disability. Autologous nerve transplantation is still the gold standard in the reconstruction of nerve defects. For small defects, conduits can be considered for bridging. Lately, the combined use of conduits and electrical stimulation has gained attention in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. This review aimed to present the currently available data on this topic. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on electrical stimulation through nerve conduits for nerve defects in in vivo studies. Results: Fifteen studies fit the inclusion criteria. All of them reported on the application of nerve conduits combined with stimulation for sciatic nerve gaps in rats. Functional, electrophysiological and histological evaluations showed improved nerve regeneration after electrical stimulation. High variation was observed in the treatment protocols. Conclusion: Electrically stimulated conduits could improve peripheral nerve regeneration in rat models. The combined application of nerve guidance conduits and electrical stimulation shows promising results and should be further evaluated under standardized conditions.
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Song JW, Ryu H, Bai W, Xie Z, Vázquez-Guardado A, Nandoliya K, Avila R, Lee G, Song Z, Kim J, Lee MK, Liu Y, Kim M, Wang H, Wu Y, Yoon HJ, Kwak SS, Shin J, Kwon K, Lu W, Chen X, Huang Y, Ameer GA, Rogers JA. Bioresorbable, wireless, and battery-free system for electrotherapy and impedance sensing at wound sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4687. [PMID: 36812305 PMCID: PMC9946359 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds, particularly those associated with diabetes mellitus, represent a growing threat to public health, with additional notable economic impacts. Inflammation associated with these wounds leads to abnormalities in endogenous electrical signals that impede the migration of keratinocytes needed to support the healing process. This observation motivates the treatment of chronic wounds with electrical stimulation therapy, but practical engineering challenges, difficulties in removing stimulation hardware from the wound site, and absence of means to monitor the healing process create barriers to widespread clinical use. Here, we demonstrate a miniaturized wireless, battery-free bioresorbable electrotherapy system that overcomes these challenges. Studies based on a splinted diabetic mouse wound model confirm the efficacy for accelerated wound closure by guiding epithelial migration, modulating inflammation, and promoting vasculogenesis. Changes in the impedance provide means for tracking the healing process. The results demonstrate a simple and effective platform for wound site electrotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Wubin Bai
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | | | - Khizar Nandoliya
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jihye Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Min-Kyu Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mirae Kim
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yixin Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wei Lu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xuexian Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Evanston, IL, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Wei S, Hu Q, Ma J, Dai X, Sun Y, Han G, Meng H, Xu W, Zhang L, Ma X, Peng J, Wang Y. Acellular nerve xenografts based on supercritical extraction technology for repairing long-distance sciatic nerve defects in rats. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:300-320. [PMID: 35387172 PMCID: PMC8961471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to conventional artificial nerve guide conduits (NGCs) prepared using natural polymers or synthetic polymers, acellular nerve grafts (ACNGs) derived from natural nerves with eliminated immune components have natural bionic advantages in composition and structure that polymer materials do not have. To further optimize the repair effect of ACNGs, in this study, we used a composite technology based on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction to process the peripheral nerve of a large mammal, the Yorkshire pig, and obtained an innovative Acellular nerve xenografts (ANXs, namely, CD + scCO2 NG). After scCO2 extraction, the fat and DNA content in CD + scCO2 NG has been removed to the greatest extent, which can better supported cell adhesion and proliferation, inducing an extremely weak inflammatory response. Interestingly, the protein in the CD + scCO2 NG was primarily involved in signaling pathways related to axon guidance. Moreover, compared with the pure chemical decellularized nerve graft (CD NG), the DRG axons grew naturally on the CD + scCO2 NG membrane and extended long distances. In vivo studies further revealed that the regenerated nerve axons had basically crossed the CD + scCO2 NG 3 weeks after surgery. 12 weeks after surgery, CD + scCO2 NG was similar to autologous nerves in improving the quality of nerve regeneration, target muscle morphology and motor function recovery and was significantly better than hollow NGCs and CD NG. Therefore, we believe that the fully decellularized and fat-free porcine ACNGs may be the most promising “bridge” for repairing human nerve defects at this stage and for some time to come. The native adipose tissue inside acellular nerve xenografts hinders regenerated nerve fibers. Environmentally friendly scCO2 extraction has natural advantages in reducing fat content. Natural three-dimensional nerve basement membrane tube structure guides regenerating axons.
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Jin XH, Fang JQ, Wang JG, Xu B, Wang X, Liu SH, Chen F, Liu JJ. PCL NGCs integrated with urolithin-A-loaded hydrogels for nerve regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8771-8784. [PMID: 36196763 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are among the leading causes of poor prognosis after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Urolithin-A (UA), an intermediate product produced by the catabolism of ellagitannins in the gastrointestinal tract, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties for inflammation, oxidative damage, and aging-related diseases. Hence, we prepared UA-loaded hydrogels and embedded them in the lumen of PCL nerve guide conduits (NGCs). The hydrogels continuously released appropriate doses of UA into the microenvironment. Based on in vitro studies, UA facilitates cell proliferation and reduces oxidative damage. Besides, the experimental evaluation revealed good biocompatibility of the materials involved. We implanted NGCs into rat models to bridge the sciatic nerve defects in an in vivo study. The sciatic functional index of the PCL/collagen/UA group was comparable to that of the autograft group. Additionally, the consequences of electrophysiological, gastrocnemius muscle and nerve histology assessment of the PCL/collagen/UA group were better than those in the PCL and PCL/collagen groups and close to those in the autograft group. In this study, UA sustained release via the PCL/collagen/UA NGC was found to be an effective alternative treatment for PNI, validating our hypothesis that UA could promote regeneration of nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Han Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Qi Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shu-Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
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Atkinson EW, Kuliasha CA, Kasper M, Furniturewalla A, Lim AS, Jiracek-Sapieha L, Brake A, Gormaley A, Rivera-Llabres V, Singh I, Spearman B, Rinaldi-Ramos CM, Schmidt CE, Judy JW, Otto KJ. Examining the in vivo functionality of the Magnetically Aligned Regenerative Tissue-Engineered Electronic Nerve Interface (MARTEENI). J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35998559 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although neural-enabled prostheses have been used to restore some lost functionality in clinical trials, they have faced difficulty in achieving high degree of freedom, natural use compared to healthy limbs. This study investigated the in vivo functionality of a flexible and scalable regenerative peripheral-nerve interface suspended within a microchannel-embedded, tissue-engineered hydrogel (the Magnetically Aligned Regenerative Tissue-Engineered Electronic Nerve Interface, MARTEENI) as a potential approach to improving current issues in peripheral nerve interfaces. APPROACH Assembled MARTEENI devices were implanted in the gaps of severed sciatic nerves in Lewis rats. Both acute and chronic electrophysiology were recorded, and channel-isolated activity was examined. In terminal experiments, evoked activity during paw compression and stimulus response curves generated from proximal nerve stimulation were examined. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed to assess the complex impedance of recording sites during chronic data collection. Features of the foreign-body response in non-functional implants were examined using immunohistological methods. MAIN RESULTS Channel-isolated activity was observed in acute, chronic, and terminal experiments and showed a typically biphasic morphology with peak-to-peak amplitudes varying between 50 to 500 µV. For chronic experiments, electrophysiology was observed for 77 days post-implant. Within the templated hydrogel, regenerating axons formed minifascicles that varied in both size and axon count and were also found to surround device threads. No axons were found to penetrate the foreign-body response. Together these results suggest the MARTEENI is a promising approach for interfacing with peripheral nerves. SIGNIFICANCE Findings demonstrate a high likelihood that observed electrophysiological activity recorded from implanted MARTEENIs originated from neural tissue. The variation in minifascicle size seen histologically suggests that amplitude distributions observed in functional MARTEENIs may be due to a combination of individual axon and mini-compound action potentials. This study provided an assessment of a functional MARTEENI in an in vivo animal model for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Atkinson
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1064 Center Dr., New Engineering Building, Gainesville, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Cary A Kuliasha
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 968 Center Dr., New Engineering Building, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Mary Kasper
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Abbas Furniturewalla
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 968 Center Dr., New Engineering Building, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Alexander S Lim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Ladan Jiracek-Sapieha
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 968 Center Dr., Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Alexis Brake
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1064 Center Dr., New Engineering Building, Gainesville, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Anne Gormaley
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1064 Center Dr., New Engineering Building, Gainesville, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Victor Rivera-Llabres
- Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Ishita Singh
- Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, 1030 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Benjamin Spearman
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1064 Center Dr., New Engineering Building, Gainesville, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, UNITED STATES
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida, 32611, UNITED STATES
| | - Jack W Judy
- NIMET, University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6550, UNITED STATES
| | - Kevin J Otto
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1064 Center Dr., Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
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Sanchez Rezza A, Kulahci Y, Gorantla VS, Zor F, Drzeniek NM. Implantable Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration–Technology Trends and Translational Tribulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:863969. [PMID: 35573254 PMCID: PMC9092979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.863969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of autografted nerve in surgical repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) is severely limited due to donor site morbidity and restricted tissue availability. As an alternative, synthetic nerve guidance channels (NGCs) are available on the market for surgical nerve repair, but they fail to promote nerve regeneration across larger critical gap nerve injuries. Therefore, such injuries remain unaddressed, result in poor healing outcomes and are a limiting factor in limb reconstruction and transplantation. On the other hand, a myriad of advanced biomaterial strategies to address critical nerve injuries are proposed in preclinical literature but only few of those have found their way into clinical practice. The design of synthetic nerve grafts should follow rational criteria and make use of a combination of bioinstructive cues to actively promote nerve regeneration. To identify the most promising NGC designs for translation into applicable products, thorough mode of action studies, standardized readouts and validation in large animals are needed. We identify design criteria for NGC fabrication according to the current state of research, give a broad overview of bioactive and functionalized biomaterials and highlight emerging composite implant strategies using therapeutic cells, soluble factors, structural features and intrinsically conductive substrates. Finally, we discuss translational progress in bioartificial conduits for nerve repair from the surgeon’s perspective and give an outlook toward future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sanchez Rezza
- Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yalcin Kulahci
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Vijay S. Gorantla
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Fatih Zor
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Fatih Zor, ; Norman M. Drzeniek,
| | - Norman M. Drzeniek
- Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fatih Zor, ; Norman M. Drzeniek,
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9
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Karczewski AM, Zeng W, Stratchko LM, Bachus KN, Poore SO, Dingle AM. Clinical Basis for Creating an Osseointegrated Neural Interface. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:828593. [PMID: 35495044 PMCID: PMC9039253 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.828593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As technology continues to improve within the neuroprosthetic landscape, there has been a paradigm shift in the approach to amputation and surgical implementation of haptic neural prosthesis for limb restoration. The Osseointegrated Neural Interface (ONI) is a proposed solution involving the transposition of terminal nerves into the medullary canal of long bones. This design combines concepts of neuroma formation and prevention with osseointegration to provide a stable environment for conduction of neural signals for sophisticated prosthetic control. While this concept has previously been explored in animal models, it has yet to be explored in humans. This anatomic study used three upper limb and three lower limb cadavers to assess the clinical feasibility of creating an ONI in humans. Anatomical measurement of the major peripheral nerves- circumference, length, and depth- were performed as they are critical for electrode design and rerouting of the nerves into the long bones. CT imaging was used for morphologic bone evaluation and virtual implantation of two osseointegrated implants were performed to assess the amount of residual medullary space available for housing the neural interfacing hardware. Use of a small stem osseointegrated implant was found to reduce bone removal and provide more intramedullary space than a traditional implant; however, the higher the amputation site, the less medullary space was available regardless of implant type. Thus the stability of the endoprosthesis must be maximized while still maintaining enough residual space for the interface components. The results from this study provide an anatomic basis required for establishing a clinically applicable ONI in humans. They may serve as a guide for surgical implementation of an osseointegrated endoprosthesis with intramedullary electrodes for prosthetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Karczewski
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Stratchko
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Lindsay M. Stratchko,
| | - Kent N. Bachus
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Samuel O. Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aaron M. Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Aaron M. Dingle,
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10
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A Custom Interface for the Joint Operation of Med Associates and Tucker-Davis Technologies Hardware in a Rodent Behavioral Model. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 371:109528. [PMID: 35182605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent behavioral models with an electrophysiological component may require the joint operation of hardware from Med Associates, Inc. (St. Albans, VT) and Tucker-Davis Technologies (TDT; Alachua, FL). Although these manufacturers do produce supplemental hardware for interfacing with each other, investing in such hardware may be untenable for research groups with limited funds who wish to use equipment already in their possession. NEW METHOD We designed a printed circuit board (PCB) in KiCad and had it fabricated by Advanced Circuits (Aurora, CO), with components sourced from Digi-Key (Thief River Falls, MN). The PCB provided 8 channels of bidirectional communication for the transmission of signals between Med Asssociates' SG-716B SmartCtrl connection panel and TDT's RZ5D base station. This setup enabled the coordinated operation of programs running separately on each set of hardware. RESULTS The custom-built PCB facilitated the joint operation of Med Associates and TDT hardware in a go/no-go detection task involving rats with electrical implants in their sciatic nerves. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Conventional methods for interfacing Med Associates and Tucker-Davis Technologies rely on the purchase of pre-built hardware whose costs can add up to thousands of dollars. The present method offers a viable alternative that is easily implemented and considerably less expensive (below $200). CONCLUSION The present approach provides an inexpensive yet effective alternative to far more costly interfacing solutions offered by Med Associates and Tucker-Davis Technologies.
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11
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Vėbraitė I, Hanein Y. Soft Devices for High-Resolution Neuro-Stimulation: The Interplay Between Low-Rigidity and Resolution. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:675744. [PMID: 35047928 PMCID: PMC8757739 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.675744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neurostimulation has evolved over the last few decades from a crude, low-resolution approach to a highly sophisticated methodology entailing the use of state-of-the-art technologies. Neurostimulation has been tested for a growing number of neurological applications, demonstrating great promise and attracting growing attention in both academia and industry. Despite tremendous progress, long-term stability of the implants, their large dimensions, their rigidity and the methods of their introduction and anchoring to sensitive neural tissue remain challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise introduction to the field of high-resolution neurostimulation from a technological perspective and to focus on opportunities stemming from developments in materials sciences and engineering to reduce device rigidity while optimizing electrode small dimensions. We discuss how these factors may contribute to smaller, lighter, softer and higher electrode density devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vėbraitė
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Rowan CC, Graudejus O, Otchy TM. A Microclip Peripheral Nerve Interface (μcPNI) for Bioelectronic Interfacing with Small Nerves. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102945. [PMID: 34837353 PMCID: PMC8787429 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves carry sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) signals between the central nervous system and other parts of the body. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is therefore rich in targets for therapeutic neuromodulation, bioelectronic medicine, and neuroprosthetics. Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) generally suffer from a tradeoff between selectivity and invasiveness. This work describes the fabrication, evaluation, and chronic implantation in zebra finches of a novel PNI that breaks this tradeoff by interfacing with small nerves. This PNI integrates a soft, stretchable microelectrode array with a 2-photon 3D printed microclip (μcPNI). The advantages of this μcPNI compared to other designs are: a) increased spatial resolution due to bi-layer wiring of the electrode leads, b) reduced mismatch in biomechanical properties with the nerve, c) reduced disturbance to the host tissue due to the small size, d) elimination of sutures or adhesives, e) high circumferential contact with small nerves, f) functionality under considerable strain, and g) graded neuromodulation in a low-threshold stimulation regime. Results demonstrate that the μcPNIs are electromechanically robust, and are capable of reliably recording and stimulating neural activity in vivo in small nerves. The μcPNI may also inform the development of new optical, thermal, ultrasonic, or chemical PNIs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Graudejus
- BMSEED LLCPhoenixAZ85034USA
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85281USA
| | - Timothy M. Otchy
- Department of BiologyBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Neurophotonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
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13
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Chandra NS, McCarron WM, Yan Y, Ruiz LC, Sallinger EG, Birenbaum NK, Burton H, Green L, Moran DW, Ray WZ, MacEwan MR. Sensory Percepts Elicited by Chronic Macro-Sieve Electrode Stimulation of the Rat Sciatic Nerve. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:758427. [PMID: 34690689 PMCID: PMC8530229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.758427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intuitive control of conventional prostheses is hampered by their inability to provide the real-time tactile and proprioceptive feedback of natural sensory pathways. The macro-sieve electrode (MSE) is a candidate interface to amputees’ truncated peripheral nerves for introducing sensory feedback from external sensors to facilitate prosthetic control. Its unique geometry enables selective control of the complete nerve cross-section by current steering. Unlike previously studied interfaces that target intact nerve, the MSE’s implantation requires transection and subsequent regeneration of the target nerve. Therefore, a key determinant of the MSE’s suitability for this task is whether it can elicit sensory percepts at low current levels in the face of altered morphology and caliber distribution inherent to axon regeneration. The present in vivo study describes a combined rat sciatic nerve and behavioral model developed to answer this question. Approach: Rats learned a go/no-go detection task using auditory stimuli and then underwent surgery to implant the MSE in the sciatic nerve. After healing, they were trained with monopolar electrical stimuli with one multi-channel and eight single-channel stimulus configurations. Psychometric curves derived by the method of constant stimuli (MCS) were used to calculate 50% detection thresholds and associated psychometric slopes. Thresholds and slopes were calculated at two time points 3 weeks apart. Main Results: For the multi-channel stimulus configuration, the average current required for stimulus detection was 19.37 μA (3.87 nC) per channel. Single-channel thresholds for leads located near the nerve’s center were, on average, half those of leads located near the periphery (54.92 μA vs. 110.71 μA, or 10.98 nC vs. 22.14 nC). Longitudinally, 3 of 5 leads’ thresholds decreased or remained stable over the 3-week span. The remaining two leads’ thresholds increased by 70–74%, possibly due to scarring or device failure. Significance: This work represents an important first step in establishing the MSE’s viability as a sensory feedback interface. It further lays the groundwork for future experiments that will extend this model to the study of other devices, stimulus parameters, and task paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Chandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Weston M McCarron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Luis C Ruiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Eric G Sallinger
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nathan K Birenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Harold Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Leonard Green
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel W Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew R MacEwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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14
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Blasiak A, Ng KA, Wong MDS, Tsai CW, Rusly A, Gammad GGL, Voges K, Libedinsky C, Yen SC, Thakor NV, Lahiri A. STEER: 3D Printed Guide for Nerve Regrowth Control and Neural Interface in Non-Human Primate Model. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1085-1092. [PMID: 34543186 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral neural interface (PNI) with a stable integration of synthetic elements with neural tissue is key for successful neuro-prosthetic applications. An inevitable phenomenon of reactive fibrosis is a primary hurdle for long term functionality of PNIs. This proof-of-concept study aimed to fabricate and test a novel, stable PNI that harnesses fibro-axonal outgrowth at the nerve end and includes fibrosis in the design. METHODS Two non-human primates were implanted with Substrate-guided, Tissue-Electrode Encapsulation and Integration (STEER) PNIs. The implant included a 3D printed guide that strove to steer the regrowing nerve towards encapsulation of the electrodes into a fibro-axonal tissue. After four months from implantation, we performed electrophysiological measurements to test STEERs functionality and examined the macro and micro- morphology of the outgrowth tissue. RESULTS We observed a highly structured fibro-axonal composite within the STEER PNI. A conduction of intracranially generated action potentials was successfully recorded across the neural interface. Immunohistology demonstrated uniquely configured laminae of myelinated axons encasing the implant. CONCLUSION STEER PNI reconfigured the structure of the fibro-axonal tissue and facilitated long-term functionality and stability of the neural interface. SIGNIFICANCE The results point to the feasibility of our concept for creating a stable PNI with long-term electrophysiologic functionality by using simple design and materials.
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15
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Veith A, Li X, Modi H, Abbaspour A, Luan L, Xie C, Baker AB. Optimized design of a hyperflexible sieve electrode to enhance neurovascular regeneration for a peripheral neural interface. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120924. [PMID: 34147716 PMCID: PMC9939235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One in 190 Americans is currently living with the loss of a limb resulted from injury, amputation, or neurodegenerative disease. Advanced neuroprosthetic devices combine peripheral neural interfaces with sophisticated prosthetics and hold great potential for the rehabilitation of impaired motor and sensory functions. While robotic prosthetics have advanced very rapidly, peripheral neural interfaces have long been limited by the capability of interfacing with the peripheral nervous system. In this work, we developed a hyperflexible regenerative sieve electrode to serve as a peripheral neural interface. We examined tissue neurovascular integration through this novel device. We demonstrated that we could enhance the neurovascular invasion through the device with directional growth factor delivery. Furthermore, we demonstrated that we could reduce the tissue reaction to the device often seen in peripheral neural interfaces. Finally, we show that we can create a stable tissue device interface in a long-term implantation that does not impede the normal regenerative processes of the nerve. Our study developed an optimal platform for the continued development of hyperflexible sieve electrode peripheral neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Veith
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX
| | - Xue Li
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX
| | - Hailey Modi
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX
| | - Ali Abbaspour
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX
| | - Lan Luan
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX
| | - Chong Xie
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron B. Baker
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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16
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Karczewski AM, Dingle AM, Poore SO. The Need to Work Arm in Arm: Calling for Collaboration in Delivering Neuroprosthetic Limb Replacements. Front Neurorobot 2021; 15:711028. [PMID: 34366820 PMCID: PMC8334559 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2021.711028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades there has been a push to enhance the use of advanced prosthetics within the fields of biomedical engineering, neuroscience, and surgery. Through the development of peripheral neural interfaces and invasive electrodes, an individual's own nervous system can be used to control a prosthesis. With novel improvements in neural recording and signal decoding, this intimate communication has paved the way for bidirectional and intuitive control of prostheses. While various collaborations between engineers and surgeons have led to considerable success with motor control and pain management, it has been significantly more challenging to restore sensation. Many of the existing peripheral neural interfaces have demonstrated success in one of these modalities; however, none are currently able to fully restore limb function. Though this is in part due to the complexity of the human somatosensory system and stability of bioelectronics, the fragmentary and as-yet uncoordinated nature of the neuroprosthetic industry further complicates this advancement. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current field of neuroprosthetics and explore potential strategies to address its unique challenges. These include exploration of electrodes, surgical techniques, control methods, and prosthetic technology. Additionally, we propose a new approach to optimizing prosthetic limb function and facilitating clinical application by capitalizing on available resources. It is incumbent upon academia and industry to encourage collaboration and utilization of different peripheral neural interfaces in combination with each other to create versatile limbs that not only improve function but quality of life. Despite the rapidly evolving technology, if the field continues to work in divided "silos," we will delay achieving the critical, valuable outcome: creating a prosthetic limb that is right for the patient and positively affects their life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron M. Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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17
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Carnicer-Lombarte A, Chen ST, Malliaras GG, Barone DG. Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:622524. [PMID: 33937212 PMCID: PMC8081831 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.622524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of any foreign material into the body leads to the development of an inflammatory and fibrotic process-the foreign body reaction (FBR). Upon implantation into a tissue, cells of the immune system become attracted to the foreign material and attempt to degrade it. If this degradation fails, fibroblasts envelop the material and form a physical barrier to isolate it from the rest of the body. Long-term implantation of medical devices faces a great challenge presented by FBR, as the cellular response disrupts the interface between implant and its target tissue. This is particularly true for nerve neuroprosthetic implants-devices implanted into nerves to address conditions such as sensory loss, muscle paralysis, chronic pain, and epilepsy. Nerve neuroprosthetics rely on tight interfacing between nerve tissue and electrodes to detect the tiny electrical signals carried by axons, and/or electrically stimulate small subsets of axons within a nerve. Moreover, as advances in microfabrication drive the field to increasingly miniaturized nerve implants, the need for a stable, intimate implant-tissue interface is likely to quickly become a limiting factor for the development of new neuroprosthetic implant technologies. Here, we provide an overview of the material-cell interactions leading to the development of FBR. We review current nerve neuroprosthetic technologies (cuff, penetrating, and regenerative interfaces) and how long-term function of these is limited by FBR. Finally, we discuss how material properties (such as stiffness and size), pharmacological therapies, or use of biodegradable materials may be exploited to minimize FBR to nerve neuroprosthetic implants and improve their long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-Tuan Chen
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Damiano G. Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Millevolte AXT, Dingle AM, Ness JP, Novello J, Zeng W, Lu Y, Minor RL, Nemke B, Markel MD, Suminski AJ, Williams JC, Poore SO. Improving the Selectivity of an Osseointegrated Neural Interface: Proof of Concept For Housing Sieve Electrode Arrays in the Medullary Canal of Long Bones. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:613844. [PMID: 33790731 PMCID: PMC8006940 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.613844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sieve electrodes stand poised to deliver the selectivity required for driving advanced prosthetics but are considered inherently invasive and lack the stability required for a chronic solution. This proof of concept experiment investigates the potential for the housing and engagement of a sieve electrode within the medullary canal as part of an osseointegrated neural interface (ONI) for greater selectivity toward improving prosthetic control. The working hypotheses are that (A) the addition of a sieve interface to a cuff electrode housed within the medullary canal of the femur as part of an ONI would be capable of measuring efferent and afferent compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) through a greater number of channels; (B) that signaling improves over time; and (C) that stimulation at this interface generates measurable cortical somatosensory evoked potentials through a greater number of channels. The modified ONI was tested in a rabbit (n = 1) amputation model over 12 weeks, comparing the sieve component to the cuff, and subsequently compared to historical data. Efferent CNAPs were successfully recorded from the sieve demonstrating physiological improvements in CNAPs between weeks 3 and 5, and somatosensory cortical responses recorded at 12 weeks postoperatively. This demonstrates that sieve electrodes can be housed and function within the medullary canal, demonstrated by improved nerve engagement and distinct cortical sensory feedback. This data presents the conceptual framework for housing more sophisticated sieve electrodes in bone as part of an ONI for improving selectivity with percutaneous connectivity toward improved prosthetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto X T Millevolte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aaron M Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jared P Ness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph Novello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rashea L Minor
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brett Nemke
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark D Markel
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aaron J Suminski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Justin C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samuel O Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) record and/or modulate neural activity of nerves, which are responsible for conducting sensory-motor information to and from the central nervous system, and for regulating the activity of inner organs. PNIs are used both in neuroscience research and in therapeutical applications such as precise closed-loop control of neuroprosthetic limbs, treatment of neuropathic pain and restoration of vital functions (e.g. breathing and bladder management). Implantable interfaces represent an attractive solution to directly access peripheral nerves and provide enhanced selectivity both in recording and in stimulation, compared to their non-invasive counterparts. Nevertheless, the long-term functionality of implantable PNIs is limited by tissue damage, which occurs at the implant-tissue interface, and is thus highly dependent on material properties, biocompatibility and implant design. Current research focuses on the development of mechanically compliant PNIs, which adapt to the anatomy and dynamic movements of nerves in the body thereby limiting foreign body response. In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of flexible and implantable PNIs, highlighting promising solutions related to materials selection and their associated fabrication methods, and integrated functions. We report on the variety of available interface designs (intraneural, extraneural and regenerative) and different modulation techniques (electrical, optical, chemical) emphasizing the main challenges associated with integrating such systems on compliant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paggi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Equally contributing authors
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20
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Ray S, Javeed S, Khalifeh JM, Chandra N, Birenbaum N, Felder JM, Moran D, Ray WZ, MacEwan MR. High-Frequency Alternating Current Block Using Macro-Sieve Electrodes: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e13728. [PMID: 33842107 PMCID: PMC8020727 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective High-frequency alternating current (HFAC) can yield a rapid-acting and reversible nerve conduction block. The present study aimed to demonstrate the successful implementation of HFAC block delivery via regenerative macro-sieve electrodes (MSEs). Methods Dual-electrode assemblies in two configurations [dual macro-sieve electrode-1 (DMSE-I), DMSE-II] were fabricated from pairs of MSEs and implanted in the transected and subsequently repaired sciatic nerves of two male Lewis rats. After four months of postoperative nerve regeneration through the MSEs' transit zones, the efficacy of acute HFAC block was tested for both configurations. Frequencies ranging from 10 kHz to 42 kHz, and stimulus amplitudes with peak-to-peak voltages ranging from 2 V to 20 V were tested. Evoked muscle force measurement was used to quantify the nerve conduction block. Results HFAC stimulation delivered via DMSE assemblies obtained a complete block at frequencies of 14 to 26 kHz and stimulus amplitudes of 12 to 20 V p-p. The threshold voltage for the complete block showed an approximately linear dependence on frequency. The threshold voltage for the partial conduction block was also approximately linear. For those frequencies that displayed both partial and complete block, the partial block thresholds were consistently lower. Conclusion This study provides a proof of concept that regenerative MSEs can achieve complete and reversible conduction block via HFAC stimulation of regenerated nerve tissue. A chronically interfaced DMSE assembly may thereby facilitate the inactivation of targeted nerves in cases wherein pathologic neuronal hyperactivity is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Saad Javeed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jawad M Khalifeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Nikhil Chandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Nathan Birenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - John M Felder
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Daniel Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Matthew R MacEwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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21
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Abstract
When nerves are damaged by trauma or disease, they are still capable of firing off electrical command signals that originate from the brain. Furthermore, those damaged nerves have an innate ability to partially regenerate, so they can heal from trauma and even reinnervate new muscle targets. For an amputee who has his/her damaged nerves surgically reconstructed, the electrical signals that are generated by the reinnervated muscle tissue can be sensed and interpreted with bioelectronics to control assistive devices or robotic prostheses. No two amputees will have identical physiologies because there are many surgical options for reconstructing residual limbs, which may in turn impact how well someone can interface with a robotic prosthesis later on. In this review, we aim to investigate what the literature has to say about different pathways for peripheral nerve regeneration and how each pathway can impact the neuromuscular tissue’s final electrophysiology. This information is important because it can guide us in planning the development of future bioelectronic devices, such as prosthetic limbs or neurostimulators. Future devices will primarily have to interface with tissue that has undergone some natural regeneration process, and so we have explored and reported here what is known about the bioelectrical features of neuromuscular tissue regeneration.
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Dingle AM, Ness JP, Novello J, Millevolte AXT, Zeng W, Sanchez R, Nemke B, Lu Y, Suminski AJ, Markel MD, Williams JC, Poore SO. Experimental Basis for Creating an Osseointegrated Neural Interface for Prosthetic Control: A Pilot Study in Rabbits. Mil Med 2020; 185:462-469. [PMID: 32074371 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While debate persists over how to best prevent or treat amputation neuromas, the more pressing question of how to best marry residual nerves to state-of-the-art robotic prostheses for naturalistic control of a replacement limb has come to the fore. One potential solution involves the transposition of terminal nerve ends into the medullary canal of long bones, creating the neural interface within the bone. Nerve transposition into bone is a long-practiced, clinically relevant treatment for painful neuromas. Despite neuropathic pain relief, the physiological capacity of transposed nerves to conduct motor and sensory signals required for prosthesis control remains unknown. This pilot study addresses the hypotheses that (1) bone provides stability to transposed nerves and (2) nerves transposed into bone remain physiologically active, as they relate to the creation of an osseointegrated neural interface. METHODS New Zealand white rabbits received transfemoral amputation, with the sciatic nerve transposed into the femur. RESULTS Morphological examination demonstrates that nerves remain stable within the medullary canal, while compound nerve action potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the residual nerve within the bone could be achieved at 12 weeks (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION Transposed nerves retain a degree of physiological function suitable for creating an osseointegrated neural interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Jared P Ness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Joseph Novello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Augusto X T Millevolte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Ruston Sanchez
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Brett Nemke
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Aaron J Suminski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Mark D Markel
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Justin C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
| | - Samuel O Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53792
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Wang J, Xiong H, Zhu T, Liu Y, Pan H, Fan C, Zhao X, Lu WW. Bioinspired Multichannel Nerve Guidance Conduit Based on Shape Memory Nanofibers for Potential Application in Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12579-12595. [PMID: 32786254 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repairing peripheral nerve injury, especially long-range defects of thick nerves, is a great challenge in the clinic due to their limited regeneration capability. Most FDA-approved nerve guidance conduits with large hollow lumen are only suitable for short lesions, and their effects are unsatisfactory in repairing long gaps of thick nerves. Multichannel nerve guidance conduits have been shown to offer better regeneration of long nerve defects. However, existing approaches of fabricating multichannel nerve conduits are usually complicated and time-consuming. Inspired by the intelligent responsive shaping process of shape memory polymers, in this study, a self-forming multichannel nerve guidance conduit with topographical cues was constructed based on a degradable shape memory PLATMC polymer. With an initial tubular shape obtained by a high-temperature molding process, the electrospun shape memory nanofibrous mat could be temporarily formed into a planar shape for cell loading to realize the uniform distribution of cells. Then triggered by a physical temperature around 37 °C, it could automatically restore its permanent tubular shape to form the multichannel conduit. This multichannel conduit exhibits better performance in terms of cell growth and the repair of rat sciatic nerve defects. These results reveal that self-forming nerve conduits can be realized based on shape memory polymers; thus, the fabricated bioinspired multichannel nerve guidance conduit has great potential in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
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Kim H, Dingle AM, Ness JP, Baek DH, Bong J, Lee IK, Shulzhenko NO, Zeng W, Israel JS, Pisaniello JA, Millevolte AX, Park DW, Suminski AJ, Jung YH, Williams JC, Poore SO, Ma Z. Cuff and sieve electrode (CASE): The combination of neural electrodes for bi-directional peripheral nerve interfacing. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 336:108602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Yildiz KA, Shin AY, Kaufman KR. Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:43. [PMID: 32151268 PMCID: PMC7063740 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of prosthetics has been evolving and advancing over the past decade, as patients with missing extremities are expecting to control their prostheses in as normal a way as possible. Scientists have attempted to satisfy this expectation by designing a connection between the nervous system of the patient and the prosthetic limb, creating the field of neuroprosthetics. In this paper, we broadly review the techniques used to bridge the patient's peripheral nervous system to a prosthetic limb. First, we describe the electrical methods including myoelectric systems, surgical innovations and the role of nerve electrodes. We then describe non-electrical methods used alone or in combination with electrical methods. Design concerns from an engineering point of view are explored, and novel improvements to obtain a more stable interface are described. Finally, a critique of the methods with respect to their long-term impacts is provided. In this review, nerve electrodes are found to be one of the most promising interfaces in the future for intuitive user control. Clinical trials with larger patient populations, and for longer periods of time for certain interfaces, will help to evaluate the clinical application of nerve electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir A Yildiz
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, W. Hall Wendel, Jr., Musculoskeletal Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Cutrone A, Micera S. Implantable Neural Interfaces and Wearable Tactile Systems for Bidirectional Neuroprosthetics Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801345. [PMID: 31763784 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprosthetics and neuromodulation represent a promising field for several related applications in the central and peripheral nervous system, such as the treatment of neurological disorders, the control of external robotic devices, and the restoration of lost tactile functions. These actions are allowed by the neural interface, a miniaturized implantable device that most commonly exploits electrical energy to fulfill these operations. A neural interface must be biocompatible, stable over time, low invasive, and highly selective; the challenge is to develop a safe, compact, and reliable tool for clinical applications. In case of anatomical impairments, neuroprosthetics is bound to the need of exploring the surrounding environment by fast-responsive and highly sensitive artificial tactile sensors that mimic the natural sense of touch. Tactile sensors and neural interfaces are closely interconnected since the readouts from the first are required to convey information to the neural implantable apparatus. The role of these devices is pivotal hence technical improvements are essential to ensure a secure system to be eventually adopted in daily life. This review highlights the fundamental criteria for the design and microfabrication of neural interfaces and artificial tactile sensors, their use in clinical applications, and future enhancements for the release of a second generation of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Cutrone
- The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1202, Switzerland
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27
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Dingle AM, Ness JP, Novello J, Israel JS, Sanchez R, Millevolte AXT, Brodnick S, Krugner-Higby L, Nemke B, Lu Y, Suminski AJ, Markel MD, Williams JC, Poore SO. Methodology for creating a chronic osseointegrated neural interface for prosthetic control in rabbits. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 331:108504. [PMID: 31711884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stability and high degrees of selectivity are both essential but somewhat juxtaposed components for creating an implantable bi-directional PNI capable of controlling of a prosthetic limb. While the more invasive implantable electrode arrays provide greater specificity, they are less stable over time due to compliance mismatch with the dynamic soft tissue environment in which the interface is created. NEW METHOD This paper takes the surgical approach of transposing nerves into bone to create neural interface within the medullary canal of long bones, an osseointegrated neural interface, to provide greater stability for implantable electrodes. In this context, we describe the surgical model for transfemoral amputation with transposition of the sciatic nerve into the medullary canal in rabbits. We investigate the capacity to create a neural interface within the medullary canal histolomorphologically. In a separate proof of concept experiment, we quantify the chronic physiological capacity of transposed nerves to conduct compound nerve action potentials evoked via an Osseointegrated Neural Interface. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) The rabbit serves as an important animal model for both amputation neuroma and osseointegration research, but is underutilized for the exploration neural interfacing in an amputation setting. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that transposed nerves remain stable over 12 weeks. Creating a neural interface within the medullary canal is possible and does not impede nerve regeneration or physiological capacity. CONCLUSIONS This article represents the first evidence that an Osseointegrated Neural Interface can be surgically created, capable of chronic stimulation/recording from amputated nerves required for future prosthetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jared P Ness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph Novello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jacqueline S Israel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ruston Sanchez
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Augusto X T Millevolte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sarah Brodnick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lisa Krugner-Higby
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brett Nemke
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aaron J Suminski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark D Markel
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Justin C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samuel O Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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28
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Zellmer ER, MacEwan MR, Moran DW. Modelling the impact of altered axonal morphometry on the response of regenerative nervous tissue to electrical stimulation through macro-sieve electrodes. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:026009. [PMID: 29192607 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa9e96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regenerated peripheral nervous tissue possesses different morphometric properties compared to undisrupted nerve. It is poorly understood how these morphometric differences alter the response of the regenerated nerve to electrical stimulation. In this work, we use computational modeling to explore the electrophysiological response of regenerated and undisrupted nerve axons to electrical stimulation delivered by macro-sieve electrodes (MSEs). APPROACH A 3D finite element model of a peripheral nerve segment populated with mammalian myelinated axons and implanted with a macro-sieve electrode has been developed. Fiber diameters and morphometric characteristics representative of undisrupted or regenerated peripheral nervous tissue were assigned to core conductor models to simulate the two tissue types. Simulations were carried out to quantify differences in thresholds and chronaxie between undisrupted and regenerated fiber populations. The model was also used to determine the influence of axonal caliber on recruitment thresholds for the two tissue types. Model accuracy was assessed through comparisons with in vivo recruitment data from chronically implanted MSEs. MAIN RESULTS Recruitment thresholds of individual regenerated fibers with diameters >2 µm were found to be lower compared to same caliber undisrupted fibers at electrode to fiber distances of less than about 90-140 µm but roughly equal or higher for larger distances. Caliber redistributions observed in regenerated nerve resulted in an overall increase in average recruitment thresholds and chronaxie during whole nerve stimulation. Modeling results also suggest that large diameter undisrupted fibers located close to a longitudinally restricted current source such as the MSE have higher average recruitment thresholds compared to small diameter fibers. In contrast, large diameter regenerated nerve fibers located in close proximity of MSE sites have, on average, lower recruitment thresholds compared to small fibers. Utilizing regenerated fiber morphometry and caliber distributions resulted in accurate predictions of in vivo recruitment data. SIGNIFICANCE Our work uses computational modeling to show how morphometric differences between regenerated and undisrupted tissue results in recruitment threshold discrepancies, quantifies these differences, and illustrates how large undisrupted nerve fibers close to longitudinally restricted current sources have higher recruitment thresholds compared to adjacently positioned smaller fibers while the opposite is true for large regenerated fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Zellmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
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29
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Coker RA, Zellmer ER, Moran DW. Micro-channel sieve electrode for concurrent bidirectional peripheral nerve interface. Part B: stimulation. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:026002. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaefab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Coker RA, Zellmer ER, Moran DW. Micro-channel sieve electrode for concurrent bidirectional peripheral nerve interface. Part A: recording. J Neural Eng 2018; 16:026001. [PMID: 30524005 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaefcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advancement in prosthetic limb technology requires corresponding improvements in the capability of the amputee to naturally control the device via original motor pathways while simultaneously receiving haptic feedback via sensory pathways. Recording efferent axonal activity using a peripheral neural interface (PNI) allows a good tradeoff between invasiveness and selectivity while possibly preserving the phenomenology of controlling the original limb. One such PNI, the thin-film transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (tfTIME), has been shown to be successful in controlling powered prosthetics. However, the tfTIME is highly susceptible to stimulation artifact; thus, using such a PNI to both record efferent motor signals while concurrently stimulating afferent sensory axons in the same nerve is problematic. The micro-channel sieve electrode could also provide a stable, selective, neural interface with larger signal-to-noise levels that are less susceptible to concurrent stimulation artifact or other external noise effects. APPROACH This study uses a computational model to compare recording levels of simulated ENGs across neural drive levels as well as basic control signals derived from the ENGs in both tfTIME and micro-channel sieve PNIs. A motor neuron pool model generated axon firing rates at a given neural drive. The time course of the corresponding extracellular currents of the myelinated motor axons were determined using core conductor axon models. Finite element models determined the contribution of the extracellular current from nodes of Ranvier on potentials recorded using each interface. Contributions from each node were combined to create the final ENG. MAIN RESULTS ENGs recorded using the micro-channel sieves were shown to have much higher amplitudes compared to ENGs recorded using the tfTIMEs. Signal amplitudes also varied less as a function of axonal placement and spike timing, resulting in more consistent signals with amplitudes determined predominantly by neural drive. SIGNIFICANCE Simulation results suggest that the micro-channel sieve provides higher quality control signals over tfTIME PNIs in decoding ENGs. Coupling these results with concurrent stimulation results of the companion paper (Part B: stimulation) suggests that the micro-channel sieve is an optimal bidirectional PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Coker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
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31
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Renz AF, Reichmuth AM, Stauffer F, Thompson-Steckel G, Vörös J. A guide towards long-term functional electrodes interfacing neuronal tissue. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:061001. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aae0c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Petersen BA, Nanivadekar AC, Chandrasekaran S, Fisher LE. Phantom limb pain: peripheral neuromodulatory and neuroprosthetic approaches to treatment. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:154-167. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A. Petersen
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Ameya C. Nanivadekar
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Santosh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lee E. Fisher
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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Delgado-Martínez I, Righi M, Santos D, Cutrone A, Bossi S, D'Amico S, Del Valle J, Micera S, Navarro X. Fascicular nerve stimulation and recording using a novel double-aisle regenerative electrode. J Neural Eng 2018; 14:046003. [PMID: 28382924 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa6bac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As artificial prostheses become more refined, they are most often used as a therapeutic option for hand amputation. By contrast to extra- or intraneural interfaces, regenerative nerve electrodes are designed to enable electrical interfaces with regrowing axonal bundles of injured nerves, aiming to achieve high selectivity for recording and stimulation. However, most of the developed designs pose an obstacle to the regrowth mechanisms due to low transparency and cause impairment to the nerve regeneration. APPROACH Here we present the double-aisle electrode, a new type of highly transparent, non-obstructive regenerative electrode. Using a double-side thin-film polyimide planar multi-contact electrode, two nerve fascicles can regenerate without physical impairment through two electrically isolated aisles. MAIN RESULTS We show that this electrode can be used to selectively record and stimulate fascicles, acutely as well as chronically, and allow regeneration in nerve gaps of several millimeters without impairment. SIGNIFICANCE This multi-aisle regenerative electrode may be suitable for neuroprosthetic applications, such as prostheses, for the restoration of hand function after amputation or severe nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Delgado-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Rijnbeek EH, Eleveld N, Olthuis W. Update on Peripheral Nerve Electrodes for Closed-Loop Neuroprosthetics. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:350. [PMID: 29910705 PMCID: PMC5992394 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper various types of electrodes for stimulation and recording activity of peripheral nerves for the control of neuroprosthetic limbs are reviewed. First, an overview of interface devices for (feedback-) controlled movement of a prosthetic device is given, after which the focus is on peripheral nervous system (PNS) electrodes. Important electrode properties, i.e., longevity and spatial resolution, are defined based upon the usability for neuroprostheses. The cuff electrode, longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFE), transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME), Utah slanted electrode array (USEA), and the regenerative electrode are discussed and assessed on their longevity and spatial resolution. The cuff electrode seems to be a promising electrode for the control of neuroprostheses in the near future, because it shows the best longevity and good spatial resolution and it has been used on human subjects in multiple studies. The other electrodes may be promising in the future, but further research on their longevity and spatial resolution is needed. A more quantitatively uniform study protocol used for all electrodes would allow for a proper comparison of recording and stimulation performance. For example, the discussed electrodes could be compared in a large in vivo study, using one uniform comparison protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Qian Y, Song J, Zhao X, Chen W, Ouyang Y, Yuan W, Fan C. 3D Fabrication with Integration Molding of a Graphene Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanoscaffold for Neurite Regeneration and Angiogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700499. [PMID: 29721407 PMCID: PMC5908351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Treating peripheral nerve injury faces major challenges and may benefit from bioactive scaffolds due to the limited autograft resources. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties. GO has functional groups that confer biocompatibility that is better than that of graphene. Here, GO/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffolds are fabricated using an integration molding method. The nanoscaffolds exhibit many merits, including even GO nanoparticle distribution, macroporous structure, and strong mechanical support. Additionally, the process enables excellent quality control. In vitro studies confirm the advantages of the GO/PCL nanoscaffolds in terms of Schwann cell proliferation, viability, and attachment, as well as neural characteristics maintenance. This is the first study to evaluate the in vivo performance of GO-based nanoscaffolds in this context. GO release and PCL biodegradation is analyzed after long-term in vivo study. It is also found that the GO/PCL nerve guidance conduit could successfully repair a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect. The pro-angiogenic characteristic of GO is evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the AKT-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway might play a major role in the angiogenic process. These findings demonstrate that the GO/PCL nanoscaffold efficiently promotes functional and morphological recovery in peripheral nerve regeneration, indicating its promise for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East CampusShanghai University of Medicine and HealthShanghai201306China
| | - Jialin Song
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East CampusShanghai University of Medicine and HealthShanghai201306China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
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Birenbaum NK, MacEwan MR, Ray WZ. Interfacing peripheral nerve with macro-sieve electrodes following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:906-909. [PMID: 28761419 PMCID: PMC5514861 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.208565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macro-sieve electrodes were implanted in the sciatic nerve of five adult male Lewis rats following spinal cord injury to assess the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to interface regenerated peripheral nerve fibers post-spinal cord injury. Each spinal cord injury was performed via right lateral hemisection of the cord at the T9–10 site. Five months post-implantation, the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to interface the regenerated nerve was assessed by stimulating through the macro-sieve electrode and recording both electromyography signals and evoked muscle force from distal musculature. Electromyography measurements were recorded from the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, while evoked muscle force measurements were recorded from the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and gastrocnemius muscles. The macro-sieve electrode and regenerated sciatic nerve were then explanted for histological evaluation. Successful sciatic nerve regeneration across the macro-sieve electrode interface following spinal cord injury was seen in all five animals. Recorded electromyography signals and muscle force recordings obtained through macro-sieve electrode stimulation confirm the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to successfully recruit distal musculature in this injury model. Taken together, these results demonstrate the macro-sieve electrode as a viable interface for peripheral nerve stimulation in the context of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Birenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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