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Jonak CR, Assad SA, Garcia TA, Sandhu MS, Rumschlag JA, Razak KA, Binder DK. Phenotypic analysis of multielectrode array EEG biomarkers in developing and adult male Fmr1 KO mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106496. [PMID: 38582333 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability with symptoms that include increased anxiety and social and sensory processing deficits. Recent electroencephalographic (EEG) studies in humans with FXS have identified neural oscillation deficits that include increased resting state gamma power, increased amplitude of auditory evoked potentials, and reduced phase locking of sound-evoked gamma oscillations. Similar EEG phenotypes are present in mouse models of FXS, but very little is known about the development of such abnormal responses. In the current study, we employed a 30-channel mouse multielectrode array (MEA) system to record and analyze resting and stimulus-evoked EEG signals in male P21 and P91 WT and Fmr1 KO mice. This led to several novel findings. First, P91, but not P21, Fmr1 KO mice have significantly increased resting EEG power in the low- and high-gamma frequency bands. Second, both P21 and P91 Fmr1 KO mice have markedly attenuated inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) to spectrotemporally dynamic auditory stimuli as well as to 40 Hz and 80 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) stimuli. This suggests abnormal temporal processing from early development that may lead to abnormal speech and language function in FXS. Third, we found hemispheric asymmetry of fast temporal processing in the mouse auditory cortex in WT but not Fmr1 KO mice. Together, these findings define a set of EEG phenotypes in young and adult mice that can serve as translational targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation in phenotypic rescue studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Samantha A Assad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Terese A Garcia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Manbir S Sandhu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Rumschlag
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
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2
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Alessandri M, Osorio-Forero A, Lüthi A, Chatton JY. The lactate receptor HCAR1: A key modulator of epileptic seizure activity. iScience 2024; 27:109679. [PMID: 38655197 PMCID: PMC11035371 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects millions globally with a significant portion exhibiting pharmacoresistance. Abnormal neuronal activity elevates brain lactate levels, which prompted the exploration of its receptor, the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) known to downmodulate neuronal activity in physiological conditions. This study revealed that HCAR1-deficient mice (HCAR1-KO) exhibited lowered seizure thresholds, and increased severity and duration compared to wild-type mice. Hippocampal and whole-brain electrographic seizure analyses revealed increased seizure severity in HCAR1-KO mice, supported by time-frequency analysis. The absence of HCAR1 led to uncontrolled inter-ictal activity in acute hippocampal slices, replicated by lactate dehydrogenase A inhibition indicating that the activation of HCAR1 is closely associated with glycolytic output. However, synthetic HCAR1 agonist administration in an in vivo epilepsy model did not modulate seizures, likely due to endogenous lactate competition. These findings underscore the crucial roles of lactate and HCAR1 in regulating circuit excitability to prevent unregulated neuronal activity and terminate epileptic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Alessandri
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Osorio-Forero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Chatton
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
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3
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Ding L, Patel A, Shankar S, Driscoll N, Zhou C, Rex TS, Vitale F, Gallagher MJ. An Open-Source Mouse Chronic EEG Array System with High-Density MXene-Based Skull Surface Electrodes. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0512-22.2023. [PMID: 38388423 PMCID: PMC10884564 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0512-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an indispensable tool in epilepsy, sleep, and behavioral research. In rodents, EEG recordings are typically performed with metal electrodes that traverse the skull into the epidural space. In addition to requiring major surgery, intracranial EEG is difficult to perform for more than a few electrodes, is time-intensive, and confounds experiments studying traumatic brain injury. Here, we describe an open-source cost-effective refinement of this technique for chronic mouse EEG recording. Our alternative two-channel (EEG2) and sixteen-channel high-density EEG (HdEEG) arrays use electrodes made of the novel, flexible 2D nanomaterial titanium carbide (Ti3C2T x ) MXene. The MXene electrodes are placed on the surface of the intact skull and establish an electrical connection without conductive gel or paste. Fabrication and implantation times of MXene EEG electrodes are significantly shorter than the standard approach, and recorded resting baseline and epileptiform EEG waveforms are similar to those obtained with traditional epidural electrodes. Applying HdEEG to a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) model in mice of both sexes revealed that mTBI significantly increased spike-wave discharge (SWD) preictal network connectivity with frequencies of interest in the β-spectral band (12-30 Hz). These findings indicate that the fabrication of MXene electrode arrays is a cost-effective, efficient technology for multichannel EEG recording in mice that obviates the need for skull-penetrating surgery. Moreover, increased preictal β-frequency network connectivity may contribute to the development of early post-mTBI SWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Aashvi Patel
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Sneha Shankar
- Departments of Bioengineering and Neurology, Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolette Driscoll
- Departments of Bioengineering and Neurology, Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Chengwen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Tonia S Rex
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Departments of Bioengineering and Neurology, Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin J Gallagher
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville 37212, Tennessee
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4
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Claar LD, Rembado I, Kuyat JR, Russo S, Marks LC, Olsen SR, Koch C. Cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions modulate electrically evoked EEG responses in mice. eLife 2023; 12:RP84630. [PMID: 37358562 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbational complexity analysis predicts the presence of consciousness in volunteers and patients by stimulating the brain with brief pulses, recording EEG responses, and computing their spatiotemporal complexity. We examined the underlying neural circuits in mice by directly stimulating cortex while recording with EEG and Neuropixels probes during wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia. When mice are awake, stimulation of deep cortical layers reliably evokes locally a brief pulse of excitation, followed by a biphasic sequence of 120 ms profound off period and a rebound excitation. A similar pattern, partially attributed to burst spiking, is seen in thalamic nuclei and is associated with a pronounced late component in the evoked EEG. We infer that cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions drive the long-lasting evoked EEG signals elicited by deep cortical stimulation during the awake state. The cortical and thalamic off period and rebound excitation, and the late component in the EEG, are reduced during running and absent during anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie D Claar
- MindScope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Irene Rembado
- MindScope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Simone Russo
- MindScope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia C Marks
- MindScope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Shawn R Olsen
- MindScope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Christof Koch
- MindScope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
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5
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Jonak CR, Pedapati EV, Schmitt LM, Assad SA, Sandhu MS, DeStefano L, Ethridge L, Razak KA, Sweeney JA, Binder DK, Erickson CA. Baclofen-associated neurophysiologic target engagement across species in fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:52. [PMID: 36167501 PMCID: PMC9513876 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of neurodevelopmental disability. It is often characterized, especially in males, by intellectual disability, anxiety, repetitive behavior, social communication deficits, delayed language development, and abnormal sensory processing. Recently, we identified electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers that are conserved between the mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 KO mice) and humans with FXS. METHODS In this report, we evaluate small molecule target engagement utilizing multielectrode array electrophysiology in the Fmr1 KO mouse and in humans with FXS. Neurophysiologic target engagement was evaluated using single doses of the GABAB selective agonist racemic baclofen (RBAC). RESULTS In Fmr1 KO mice and in humans with FXS, baclofen use was associated with suppression of elevated gamma power and increase in low-frequency power at rest. In the Fmr1 KO mice, a baclofen-associated improvement in auditory chirp synchronization was also noted. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we noted synchronized target engagement of RBAC on resting state electrophysiology, in particular the reduction of aberrant high frequency gamma activity, across species in FXS. This finding holds promise for translational medicine approaches to drug development for FXS, synchronizing treatment study across species using well-established EEG biological markers in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION The human experiments are registered under NCT02998151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R. Jonak
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Ernest V. Pedapati
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Lauren M. Schmitt
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Samantha A. Assad
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Manbir S. Sandhu
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Lisa DeStefano
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - Lauren Ethridge
- grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA ,grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Khaleel A. Razak
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Psychology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - John A. Sweeney
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Devin K. Binder
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Fusco F, Perottoni S, Giordano C, Riva A, Iannone LF, De Caro C, Russo E, Albani D, Striano P. The microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and epilepsy from a multidisciplinary perspective: clinical evidence and technological solutions for improvement of
in vitro
preclinical models. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10296. [PMID: 35600638 PMCID: PMC9115712 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fusco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, materiali e ingegneria chimica "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Simone Perottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, materiali e ingegneria chimica "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, materiali e ingegneria chimica "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Università degli Studi di Genova Genova Italy
| | | | - Carmen De Caro
- Science of Health Department Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Università degli Studi di Genova Genova Italy
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7
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Pirbhoy PS, Jonak CR, Syed R, Argueta DA, Perez PA, Wiley MB, Hessamian K, Lovelace JW, Razak KA, DiPatrizio NV, Ethell IM, Binder DK. Increased 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol levels normalize cortical responses to sound and improve behaviors in Fmr1 KO mice. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:47. [PMID: 34645383 PMCID: PMC8513313 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit an array of symptoms, including sociability deficits, increased anxiety, hyperactivity, and sensory hyperexcitability. It is unclear how endocannabinoid (eCB) modulation can be targeted to alleviate neurophysiological abnormalities in FXS as behavioral research reveals benefits to inhibiting cannabinoid (CB) receptor activation and increasing endocannabinoid ligand levels. Here, we hypothesize that enhancement of 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) in Fragile X mental retardation 1 gene knock-out (Fmr1 KO) mice may reduce cortical hyperexcitability and behavioral abnormalities observed in FXS. Methods To test whether an increase in 2-AG levels normalized cortical responses in a mouse model of FXS, animals were subjected to electroencephalography (EEG) recording and behavioral assessment following treatment with JZL-184, an irreversible inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Assessment of 2-AG was performed using lipidomic analysis in conjunction with various doses and time points post-administration of JZL-184. Baseline electrocortical activity and evoked responses to sound stimuli were measured using a 30-channel multielectrode array (MEA) in adult male mice before, 4 h, and 1 day post-intraperitoneal injection of JZL-184 or vehicle. Behavior assessment was done using the open field and elevated plus maze 4 h post-treatment. Results Lipidomic analysis showed that 8 mg/kg JZL-184 significantly increased the levels of 2-AG in the auditory cortex of both Fmr1 KO and WT mice 4 h post-treatment compared to vehicle controls. EEG recordings revealed a reduction in the abnormally enhanced baseline gamma-band power in Fmr1 KO mice and significantly improved evoked synchronization to auditory stimuli in the gamma-band range post-JZL-184 treatment. JZL-184 treatment also ameliorated anxiety-like and hyperactivity phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice. Conclusions Overall, these results indicate that increasing 2-AG levels may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to normalize cortical responses and improve behavioral outcomes in FXS and possibly other ASDs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-021-09394-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Pirbhoy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rashid Syed
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mark B Wiley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Keon Hessamian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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8
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Razak KA, Binder DK, Ethell IM. Neural Correlates of Auditory Hypersensitivity in Fragile X Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:720752. [PMID: 34690832 PMCID: PMC8529206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.720752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the common association between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and sensory processing disorders (SPD) are unclear, and treatment options to reduce atypical sensory processing are limited. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and ASD behaviors. As in most children with ASD, atypical sensory processing is a common symptom in FXS, frequently manifesting as sensory hypersensitivity. Auditory hypersensitivity is a highly debilitating condition in FXS that may lead to language delays, social anxiety and ritualized repetitive behaviors. Animal models of FXS, including Fmr1 knock out (KO) mouse, also show auditory hypersensitivity, providing a translation relevant platform to study underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The focus of this review is to summarize recent studies in the Fmr1 KO mouse that identified neural correlates of auditory hypersensitivity. We review results of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in the Fmr1 KO mice and highlight EEG phenotypes that are remarkably similar to EEG findings in humans with FXS. The EEG phenotypes associated with the loss of FMRP include enhanced resting EEG gamma band power, reduced cross frequency coupling, reduced sound-evoked synchrony of neural responses at gamma band frequencies, increased event-related potential amplitudes, reduced habituation of neural responses and increased non-phase locked power. In addition, we highlight the postnatal period when the EEG phenotypes develop and show a strong association of the phenotypes with enhanced matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, abnormal development of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory interneurons and reduced formation of specialized extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). Finally, we discuss how dysfunctions of inhibitory PV interneurons may contribute to cortical hyperexcitability and EEG abnormalities observed in FXS. Taken together, the studies reviewed here indicate that EEG recordings can be utilized in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, while at the same time, used to identify cellular and circuit mechanisms of dysfunction in FXS. New therapeutic approaches that reduce MMP-9 activity and restore functions of PV interneurons may succeed in reducing FXS sensory symptoms. Future studies should examine long-lasting benefits of developmental vs. adult interventions on sensory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel A. Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Devin K. Binder
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Iryna M. Ethell
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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9
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Jonak CR, Sandhu MS, Assad SA, Barbosa JA, Makhija M, Binder DK. The PDE10A Inhibitor TAK-063 Reverses Sound-Evoked EEG Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1175-1187. [PMID: 33594533 PMCID: PMC8423959 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by increased anxiety, repetitive behaviors, social communication deficits, delayed language development, and abnormal sensory processing. Recently, we have identified electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers that are conserved between the mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 KO mice) and humans with FXS. In this study, we test a specific candidate mechanism for engagement of multielectrode array (MEA) EEG biomarkers in the FXS mouse model. We administered TAK-063, a potent, selective, and orally active phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor, to Fmr1 KO mice, and examined its effects on MEA EEG biomarkers. We demonstrate significant dose-related amelioration of inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) to temporally modulated auditory stimuli by TAK-063 in Fmr1 KO mice. Our data suggest that TAK-063 improves cortical auditory stimulus processing in Fmr1 KO mice, without significantly depressing baseline EEG power or causing any noticeable sedation or behavioral side effects. Thus, the PDE10A inhibitor TAK-063 has salutary effects on normalizing EEG biomarkers in a mouse model of FXS and should be pursued in further translational treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Manbir S Sandhu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Samantha A Assad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Barbosa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mahindra Makhija
- Takeda International - UK, Rare Diseases Therapeutic Area Unit, 1 Kingdom Street, London, W2 6BD, UK
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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10
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Dong HW, Erickson K, Lee JR, Merritt J, Fu C, Neul JL. Detection of neurophysiological features in female R255X MeCP2 mutation mice. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105083. [PMID: 32927061 PMCID: PMC7572861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that is nearly always caused by loss of function mutations in Methyl-CpG-binding Protein 2 (MECP2) and shares many clinical features with other NDD. Genetic restoration of Mecp2 in symptomatic mice lacking MeCP2 expression can reverse symptoms, providing hope that disease modifying therapies can be identified for RTT. Effective and rapid clinical trial completion relies on well-defined clinical outcome measures and robust biomarkers of treatment responses. Studies on other NDD have found evidence of differences in neurophysiological measures that correlate with disease severity. However, currently there are no well-validated biomarkers in RTT to predict disease prognosis or treatment responses. To address this, we characterized neurophysiological features in a mouse model of RTT containing a knock-in nonsense mutation (p.R255X) in the Mecp2 locus. We found a variety of changes in heterozygous female Mecp2R255X/X mice including age-related changes in sleep/wake architecture, alterations in baseline EEG power, increased incidence of spontaneous epileptiform discharges, and changes in auditory evoked potentials. Furthermore, we identified association of some neurophysiological features with disease severity. These findings provide a set of potential non-invasive and translatable biomarkers that can be utilized in preclinical therapy trials in animal models of RTT and eventually within the context of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Kirsty Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Jessica R Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Jonathan Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Cary Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Neul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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11
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Abstract
In epilepsy research, the analysis of rodent electroencephalogram (EEG) has been performed by many laboratories with a variety of techniques. However, the acquisition and basic analysis of rodent EEG have only recently been standardized. Since a number of software platforms and increased computational power have become widely available, advanced rodent EEG analysis is now more accessible to investigators working with rodent models of epilepsy. In this review, the approach to the analysis of rodent EEG will be examined, including the evaluation of both epileptiform and background activity. Major caveats when employing these analyses, cellular and circuit-level correlates of EEG changes, and important differences between rodent and human EEG are also reviewed. The currently available techniques show great promise in gaining a deeper understanding of the complexities hidden within the EEG in rodent models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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van Luijtelaar G, van Oijen G. Establishing Drug Effects on Electrocorticographic Activity in a Genetic Absence Epilepsy Model: Advances and Pitfalls. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32351383 PMCID: PMC7175742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic rat models such as rats of the WAG/Rij strain and GAERS were developed as models for generalized genetic epilepsy and in particular for childhood absence epilepsy. These animal models were described in the eighties of the previous century and both models have, among others, face, construct and predictive validity. Both models were and are currently used as models to predict the action of antiepileptic medication and other experimental treatments, to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms of spike-wave discharges and epileptogenesis. Although the electroencephalagram (EEG)/electrocorticogram (ECoG) is imperative for establishing absence seizures and to quantify the for absence epilepsy typical spike-wave discharges, monitoring the animals behavior is equally necessary. Here an overview is given regarding the design of drug evaluation studies, which animals to use, classical and new EEG variables, the monitoring and quantification of the behavior of the rats, some pitfalls regarding the interpretation of the data, and some developments in EEG technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard van Oijen
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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13
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Hermiz J, Hossain L, Arneodo EM, Ganji M, Rogers N, Vahidi N, Halgren E, Gentner TQ, Dayeh SA, Gilja V. Stimulus Driven Single Unit Activity From Micro-Electrocorticography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32180695 PMCID: PMC7059620 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fidelity measurements of neural activity can enable advancements in our understanding of the neural basis of complex behaviors such as speech, audition, and language, and are critical for developing neural prostheses that address impairments to these abilities due to disease or injury. We develop a novel high resolution, thin-film micro-electrocorticography (micro-ECoG) array that enables high-fidelity surface measurements of neural activity from songbirds, a well-established animal model for studying speech behavior. With this device, we provide the first demonstration of sensory-evoked modulation of surface-recorded single unit responses. We establish that single unit activity is consistently sensed from micro-ECoG electrodes over the surface of sensorimotor nucleus HVC (used as a proper name) in anesthetized European starlings, and validate responses with correlated firing in single units recorded simultaneously at surface and depth. The results establish a platform for high-fidelity recording from the surface of subcortical structures that will accelerate neurophysiological studies, and development of novel electrode arrays and neural prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hermiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine Hossain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ezequiel M Arneodo
- Biocircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mehran Ganji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nasim Vahidi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Q Gentner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Neurobiology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vikash Gilja
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Jonak CR, Lovelace JW, Ethell IM, Razak KA, Binder DK. Multielectrode array analysis of EEG biomarkers in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104794. [PMID: 32036032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability with symptoms that include increased anxiety and social and sensory processing deficits. Recent EEG studies in humans with FXS have identified neural oscillation deficits that include increased resting state gamma power, increased amplitude of auditory evoked potentials, and reduced inter-trial phase coherence of sound-evoked gamma oscillations. Identification of comparable EEG biomarkers in mouse models of FXS could facilitate the pre-clinical to clinical therapeutic pipeline. However, while human EEG studies have involved 128-channel scalp EEG acquisition, no mouse studies have been performed with more than three EEG channels. In the current study, we employed a recently developed 30-channel mouse multielectrode array (MEA) system to record and analyze resting and stimulus-evoked EEG signals in WT vs. Fmr1 KO mice. Using this system, we now report robust MEA-derived phenotypes including higher resting EEG power, altered event-related potentials (ERPs) and reduced inter-trial phase coherence to auditory chirp stimuli in Fmr1 KO mice that are remarkably similar to those reported in humans with FXS. We propose that the MEA system can be used for: (i) derivation of higher-level EEG parameters; (ii) EEG biomarkers for drug testing; and (ii) mechanistic studies of FXS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States of America.
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15
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32-channel mouse EEG: Visual evoked potentials. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 325:108316. [PMID: 31251949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring visual evoked potentials (VEP) by means of EEG allows the quasi non-invasive assessment of visual function in mice. Such sensory phenotyping is important to screen for genetic or aging effects on vision in preclinical mouse models. Thus, a standardized EEG-like approach for the assessment of sensory evoked potentials in mice is desirable. NEW METHOD We describe a method to obtain the topographical distribution of flash evoked VEPs with 32-channel thin-film EEG electrode arrays in anesthetized mice. Further, we provide suggestions for the optimal choice of adequate digital filtering, referencing, and stimulus parameters for fast and reliable assessment of VEP parameters and distribution. RESULTS 32-channel thin-film electrodes provided clear information on the VEP topography across the skull. Re-referencing, such as bipolar, common average, and local average montages could be used to further refine the information on VEP topography. A balanced choice of digital high-pass filter, signal averaging and stimulus rate allowed to minimize measurement duration and at the same time assured good VEP signal-to-noise ratio. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Subdermal electrodes or single skull screws provide only limited topographical information of the VEP. Assessment of VEPs with 32-channel thin-film electrodes can provide comparable signal quality with superior spatial resolution and standardized topographical and hemispheric information of VEP distribution. CONCLUSIONS EEG-like thin-film electrodes are an efficient tool for fast, comprehensive sensory phenotyping with topographical information in mice. This is a step towards the use of standardized mouse EEG to characterize EEG biomarkers in mouse models of human diseases.
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