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Sonker P, Tamang R, Mehata AK, Nidhar M, Sharma VP, Kumar V, Muthu MS, Koch B, Tewari AK. PTSA-induced synthesis, in silico and nano study of novel ethylquinolin-thiazolo-triazole in cervical cancer. Future Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38596902 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: p-Toluenesulfonic acid-(PTSA) and grinding-induced novel synthesis of ethylquinolin-thiazolo-triazole derivatives was performed using green chemistry. Materials & methods: Development of a nanoconjugate drug-delivery system of ethylquinolin-thiazolo-triazole was carried out with D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and the formulation was further characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and in vitro drug release assay. The effect of 3a nanoparticles was assessed against a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the effect on apoptosis was determined. Results & discussion: The 3a nanoparticles triggered the apoptotic mode of cell death after increasing the intracellular reactive oxygen level by enhancing cellular uptake of micelles. Furthermore, in silico studies revealed higher absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity properties and bioavailability of the enzyme tyrosine protein kinase. Conclusion: The 3a nanoparticles enhanced the therapeutic potential and have higher potential for targeted drug delivery against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sonker
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rupen Tamang
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishesh K Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Nidhar
- Amrita school of pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, AIMS, Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Vishal P Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish K Tewari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Rong Z, Zheng K, Chen J, Jin X. The cross talk of ubiquitination and chemotherapy tolerance in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:154. [PMID: 38521878 PMCID: PMC10960765 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a highly adaptable post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis, encompassing cancer chemoresistance-associated proteins. Recent findings have indicated a potential correlation between perturbations in the ubiquitination process and the emergence of drug resistance in CRC cancer. Consequently, numerous studies have spurred the advancement of compounds specifically designed to target ubiquitinates, offering promising prospects for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of ubiquitination enzymes associated with chemoresistance to chemotherapy via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle perturbation. In addition, we summarize the application and role of small compounds that target ubiquitination enzymes for CRC treatment, along with the significance of targeting ubiquitination enzymes as potential cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Rong
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Paramasivam G, Sanmugam A, Palem VV, Sevanan M, Sairam AB, Nachiappan N, Youn B, Lee JS, Nallal M, Park KH. Nanomaterials for detection of biomolecules and delivering therapeutic agents in theragnosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127904. [PMID: 37939770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are emerging facts used to deliver therapeutic agents in living systems. Nanotechnology is used as a compliment by implementing different kinds of nanotechnological applications such as nano-porous structures, functionalized nanomaterials, quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials, and polymeric nanostructures. The applications are in the initial stage, which led to achieving several diagnoses and therapy in clinical practice. This review conveys the importance of nanomaterials in post-genomic employment, which includes the design of immunosensors, immune assays, and drug delivery. In this view, genomics is a molecular tool containing large databases that are useful in choosing an apt molecular inhibitor such as drug, ligand and antibody target in the drug delivery process. This study identifies the expression of genes and proteins in analysis and classification of diseases. Experimentally, the study analyses the design of a disease model. In particular, drug delivery is a boon area to treat cancer. The identified drugs enter different phase trails (Trails I, II, and III). The genomic information conveys more essential entities to the phase I trials and helps to move further for other trails such as trails-II and III. In such cases, the biomarkers play a crucial role by monitoring the unique pathological process. Genetic engineering with recombinant DNA techniques can be employed to develop genetically engineered disease models. Delivering drugs in a specific area is one of the challenging issues achieved using nanoparticles. Therefore, genomics is considered as a vast molecular tool to identify drugs in personalized medicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anandhavelu Sanmugam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananda Babu Sairam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachiappan Nachiappan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthuchamy Nallal
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon S, Lee BK, Kim KP. Caffeine enhances chemosensitivity to irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155120. [PMID: 37806154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer. This disease arises from gene mutations and epigenetic alterations that transform colonic epithelial cells into colon adenocarcinoma cells, which display a unique gene expression pattern compared to normal cells. Specifically, CRC cells exhibit significantly higher expression levels of genes involved in DNA repair or replication, which is attributed to the accumulation of DNA breakage resulting from rapid cell cycle progression. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of caffeine on CRC cells and evaluate its impact on the sensitivity of these cells to irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor widely used for CRC treatment. METHODS Two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were treated with irinotecan and caffeine. Western blot analysis assessed protein expression levels in caffeine/irinotecan-treated CRC cells. Immunofluorescence staining determined protein localization, measured DNA breaks, and explored the effects of DNA damage reagents during cell cycle progression and flow cytometry analysis was used to measure cell viability. Fiber assays investigated DNA synthesis in DNA-damaged cells during S-phase, while the comet assay assessed DNA fragmentation caused by DNA breaks. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the combination of irinotecan and caffeine exhibits a synergistic effect in suppressing CRC cell proliferation and inducing cell death. Compared to treatment with only irinotecan or caffeine, the combined irinotecan and caffeine treatment was more effective in inducing DNA lesions by displacing RAD51 from DNA break sites and inhibiting DNA repair progression, leading to cell cycle arrest. This combination also resulted in more severe effects, including DNA fragmentation and mitotic catastrophe. CONCLUSION Caffeine could enhance the effectiveness of an existing drug for CRC treatment despite having little impact on the cell survival rate of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that the beneficial adjuvant effects of caffeine may not only be applicable to CRC but also to various other types of cancers at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University of Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Cheng MZ, Yang BB, Zhan ZT, Lin SM, Fang ZP, Gao Y, Zhou WJ. MACC1 and Gasdermin-E (GSDME) regulate the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to irinotecan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:236-245. [PMID: 37307707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is an oncogene associated with the progression and metastasis of many solid cancer entities. High expression of MACC1 is found in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. So far, the role of MACC1 in CRC cell pyroptosis and resistance to irinotecan is unclear. The cleavage of Gasdermin-E (GSDME) is the main executors of activated pyroptosis. We found that GSDME enhanced CRC cell pyroptosis and reduced their resistance to irinotecan, while MACC1 inhibited the cleavage of GSDME and CRC cell pyroptosis, promoted CRC cell proliferation, and enhanced the resistance of CRC cells to irinotecan. Therefore, CRC cells with high MACC1 expression and low GSDME expression had higher resistance to irinotecan, while CRC cells with low MACC1 expression and high GSDME expression had lower resistance to irinotecan. Consistently, by analyzing CRC patients who received FOLFIRI (Fluorouracil + Irinotecan + Leucovorin) in combination with chemotherapy in the GEO database, we found that CRC patients with low MACC1 expression and high GSDME expression had higher survival rate. Our study suggests that the expression of MACC1 and GSDME can be used as detection markers to divide CRC patients into irinotecan resistant and sensitive groups, helping to determine the treatment strategy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Bo-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Ze-Tao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Si-Min Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhe-Ping Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial, Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial, Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
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Lima TS, Souza LO, Iglesias-Gato D, Elversang J, Jørgensen FS, Kallunki T, Røder MA, Brasso K, Moreira JM. Itraconazole Reverts ABCB1-Mediated Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869461. [PMID: 35721223 PMCID: PMC9203833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) was the first chemotherapeutic agent to demonstrate significant efficacy in the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, response to DTX is generally short-lived, and relapse eventually occurs due to emergence of drug-resistance. We previously established two DTX-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaPR and C4-2BR, derived from the androgen‐dependent LNCaP cell line, and from the LNCaP lineage-derived androgen-independent C4-2B sub-line, respectively. Using an unbiased drug screen, we identify itraconazole (ITZ), an oral antifungal drug, as a compound that can efficiently re-sensitize drug-resistant LNCaPR and C4-2BR prostate cancer cells to DTX treatment. ITZ can re-sensitize multiple DTX-resistant cell models, not only in prostate cancer derived cells, such as PC-3 and DU145, but also in docetaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. This effect is dependent on expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Molecular modeling of ITZ bound to ABCB1, indicates that ITZ binds tightly to the inward-facing form of ABCB1 thereby inhibiting the transport of DTX. Our results suggest that ITZ may provide a feasible approach to re-sensitization of DTX resistant cells, which would add to the life-prolonging effects of DTX in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S. Lima
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciano O. Souza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Elversang
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin A. Røder
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Center for Cancer and Organ Disease—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Center for Cancer and Organ Disease—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José M.A. Moreira
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: José M.A. Moreira,
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Bai L, Scott MKD, Steinberg E, Kalesinskas L, Habtezion A, Shah NH, Khatri P. Computational drug repositioning of atorvastatin for ulcerative colitis. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:2325-2335. [PMID: 34529084 PMCID: PMC8510297 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with limited effective therapeutic options for long-term treatment and disease maintenance. We hypothesized that a multi-cohort analysis of independent cohorts representing real-world heterogeneity of UC would identify a robust transcriptomic signature to improve identification of FDA-approved drugs that can be repurposed to treat patients with UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a multi-cohort analysis of 272 colon biopsy transcriptome samples across 11 publicly available datasets to identify a robust UC disease gene signature. We compared the gene signature to in vitro transcriptomic profiles induced by 781 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential drug targets. We used a retrospective cohort study design modeled after a target trial to evaluate the protective effect of predicted drugs on colectomy risk in patients with UC from the Stanford Research Repository (STARR) database and Optum Clinformatics DataMart. RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment had the highest inverse-correlation with the UC gene signature among non-oncolytic FDA-approved therapies. In both STARR (n = 827) and Optum (n = 7821), atorvastatin intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colectomy, a marker of treatment-refractory disease, compared to patients prescribed a comparator drug (STARR: HR = 0.47, P = .03; Optum: HR = 0.66, P = .03), irrespective of age and length of atorvastatin treatment. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION These findings suggest that atorvastatin may serve as a novel therapeutic option for ameliorating disease in patients with UC. Importantly, we provide a systematic framework for integrating publicly available heterogeneous molecular data with clinical data at a large scale to repurpose existing FDA-approved drugs for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Bai
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Madeleine K D Scott
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ethan Steinberg
- Computer Science Program, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laurynas Kalesinskas
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Pierobon M, Robert NJ, Northfelt DW, Jahanzeb M, Wong S, Hodge KA, Baldelli E, Aldrich J, Craig DW, Liotta LA, Avramovic S, Wojtusiak J, Alemi F, Wulfkuhle JD, Bellos A, Gallagher RI, Arguello D, Conrad A, Kemkes A, Loesch DM, Vocila L, Dunetz B, Carpten JD, Petricoin EF, Anthony SP. Multi-omic molecular profiling guide's efficacious treatment selection in refractory metastatic breast cancer: a prospective phase II clinical trial. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:104-115. [PMID: 34437759 PMCID: PMC8732340 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective phase II clinical trial (Side Out 2) explored the clinical benefits of treatment selection informed by multi‐omic molecular profiling (MoMP) in refractory metastatic breast cancers (MBCs). Core needle biopsies were collected from 32 patients with MBC at trial enrollment. Patients had received an average of 3.94 previous lines of treatment in the metastatic setting before enrollment in this study. Samples underwent MoMP, including exome sequencing, RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq), immunohistochemistry, and quantitative protein pathway activation mapping by Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPPA). Clinical benefit was assessed using the previously published growth modulation index (GMI) under the hypothesis that MoMP‐selected therapy would warrant further investigation for GMI ≥ 1.3 in ≥ 35% of the patients. Of the 32 patients enrolled, 29 received treatment based on their MoMP and 25 met the follow‐up criteria established by the trial protocol. Molecular information was delivered to the tumor board in a median time frame of 14 days (11–22 days), and targetable alterations for commercially available agents were found in 23/25 patients (92%). Of the 25 patients, 14 (56%) reached GMI ≥ 1.3. A high level of DNA topoisomerase I (TOPO1) led to the selection of irinotecan‐based treatments in 48% (12/25) of the patients. A pooled analysis suggested clinical benefit in patients with high TOPO1 expression receiving irinotecan‐based regimens (GMI ≥ 1.3 in 66.7% of cases). These results confirmed previous observations that MoMP increases the frequency of identifiable actionable alterations (92% of patients). The MoMP proposed allows the identification of biomarkers that are frequently expressed in MBCs and the evaluation of their role as predictors of response to commercially available agents. Lastly, this study confirmed the role of MoMP for informing treatment selection in refractory MBC patients: more than half of the enrolled patients reached a GMI ≥ 1.3 even after multiple lines of previous therapies for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammad Jahanzeb
- A Division of 21st Century Oncology, Florida Precision Oncology, Raton, FL, USA
| | - Shukmei Wong
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - David W Craig
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sanja Avramovic
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Janusz Wojtusiak
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Farrokh Alemi
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Vocila
- Translational Drug Development (TD2), Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - John D Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Jain P, Jain SK, Jain M. Harnessing Drug Repurposing for Exploration of New Diseases: An Insight to Strategies and Case Studies. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:111-132. [PMID: 32560606 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200619125404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional drug discovery is time consuming, costly, and risky process. Owing to the large investment, excessive attrition, and declined output, drug repurposing has become a blooming approach for the identification and development of new therapeutics. The method has gained momentum in the past few years and has resulted in many excellent discoveries. Industries are resurrecting the failed and shelved drugs to save time and cost. The process accounts for approximately 30% of the new US Food and Drug Administration approved drugs and vaccines in recent years. METHODS A systematic literature search using appropriate keywords were made to identify articles discussing the different strategies being adopted for repurposing and various drugs that have been/are being repurposed. RESULTS This review aims to describe the comprehensive data about the various strategies (Blinded search, computational approaches, and experimental approaches) used for the repurposing along with success case studies (treatment for orphan diseases, neglected tropical disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and drugs for pediatric population). It also inculcates an elaborated list of more than 100 drugs that have been repositioned, approaches adopted, and their present clinical status. We have also attempted to incorporate the different databases used for computational repurposing. CONCLUSION The data presented is proof that drug repurposing is a prolific approach circumventing the issues poised by conventional drug discovery approaches. It is a highly promising approach and when combined with sophisticated computational tools, it also carries high precision. The review would help researches in prioritizing the drugrepositioning method much needed to flourish the drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Computational Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule (425405) Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munendra Jain
- SVKM's Department of Sciences, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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10
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Jarada TN, Rokne JG, Alhajj R. A review of computational drug repositioning: strategies, approaches, opportunities, challenges, and directions. J Cheminform 2020; 12:46. [PMID: 33431024 PMCID: PMC7374666 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-020-00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is the process of identifying novel therapeutic potentials for existing drugs and discovering therapies for untreated diseases. Drug repositioning, therefore, plays an important role in optimizing the pre-clinical process of developing novel drugs by saving time and cost compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery processes. Since drug repositioning relies on data for existing drugs and diseases the enormous growth of publicly available large-scale biological, biomedical, and electronic health-related data along with the high-performance computing capabilities have accelerated the development of computational drug repositioning approaches. Multidisciplinary researchers and scientists have carried out numerous attempts, with different degrees of efficiency and success, to computationally study the potential of repositioning drugs to identify alternative drug indications. This study reviews recent advancements in the field of computational drug repositioning. First, we highlight different drug repositioning strategies and provide an overview of frequently used resources. Second, we summarize computational approaches that are extensively used in drug repositioning studies. Third, we present different computing and experimental models to validate computational methods. Fourth, we address prospective opportunities, including a few target areas. Finally, we discuss challenges and limitations encountered in computational drug repositioning and conclude with an outline of further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer N Jarada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon G Rokne
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reda Alhajj
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Irinotecan-Still an Important Player in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144919. [PMID: 32664667 PMCID: PMC7404108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan has been used in the treatment of various malignancies for many years. Still, the knowledge regarding this drug is expanding. The pharmacogenetics of the drug is the crucial component of response to irinotecan. Furthermore, new formulations of the drug are introduced in order to better deliver the drug and avoid potentially life-threatening side effects. Here, we give a comprehensive overview on irinotecan’s molecular mode of action, metabolism, pharmacogenetics, and toxicity. Moreover, this article features clinically used combinations of the drug with other anticancer agents and introduces novel formulations of drugs (e.g., liposomal formulations, dendrimers, and nanoparticles). It also outlines crucial mechanisms of tumor cells’ resistance to the active metabolite, ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38). We are sure that the article will constitute an important source of information for both new researchers in the field of irinotecan chemotherapy and professionals or clinicians who are interested in the topic.
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He X, Jiang XH, Yie KYX, Chen J, Zhang JB, Yie SM. An autoantibody against a 48-Kd fragment of human DNA-topoiomerase I in breast cancer: Implication for diagnosis and prognosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104007. [PMID: 31732123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) derived from human DNA-topoiomerase I (TOP 1). In the present study, we demonstrated that the autoantibody against the TAA could be a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC). To understand the survival benefits in BC patients, we investigated whether the autoantibody could induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities (ADCC) against breast cancer cells in vitro. We found that the autoantibody exhibited significant ADCC activities that destroyed breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The ADCC activities of the autoantibody were significantly correlated with the number of natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, our findings showed that the autoantibody not only represented an early index of immune response to the TAA, but also was involved in host immune defense mechanisms that initiated the destruction of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases for Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kevin Yi-Xiao Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shang-Mian Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Shawky SM, Awad AM, Abugable AA, El-Khamisy SF. Gold nanoparticles - an optical biosensor for RNA quantification for cancer and neurologic disorders diagnosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8137-8151. [PMID: 30555231 PMCID: PMC6278840 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study is to develop a facile tool for the absolute detection and quantification of nucleic acid transcripts, using a gold nanoparticle-based optical biosensor. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) and tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) were among the nucleic acid transcripts of choice due to their role as genomic instability biomarkers and their implication in various cancers and neurologic disorders. This opens the door to develop a simple tool that can be used for diagnosing and monitoring treatment response for such diseases, overcoming the requirements for high cost, time, and complexity of the existing technologies for the absolute quantification of transcripts of interest. Materials and methods The TOP1 and TDP2 mRNA transcripts were first captured specifically using magnetic nanoparticles that were functionalized with TOP1- and TDP2-specific probes, respectively. The captured mRNA was then directly detected and quantified using the gold aggregating gold (GAG) assay, without the need for amplification as in existing technologies used for the quantification of transcripts. Results A linear correlation exists between the GAG assay and the qPCR for the quantification of the TOP1 and TDP2 mRNA transcripts (101–104 copies). The detection limit of the GAG assay in mRNA quantification was up to 10 copies per reaction. Wild-type and TDP2-deficient cell lines confirmed the assay specificity and reproducibility in distinguishing between different transcripts. Conclusion The GAG assay can be utilized as an inexpensive, rapid, simple, and sensitive tool for the absolute quantification of RNA for different applications, instead of the laborious, expensive, and sophisticated real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Shawky
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, .,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Awad
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Arwa A Abugable
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
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Cheng F, Hong H, Yang S, Wei Y. Individualized network-based drug repositioning infrastructure for precision oncology in the panomics era. Brief Bioinform 2017; 18:682-697. [PMID: 27296652 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have generated the data supporting a large volume of somatic alterations in several national and international cancer genome projects, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium. These cancer genomics data have facilitated the revolution of a novel oncology drug discovery paradigm from candidate target or gene studies toward targeting clinically relevant driver mutations or molecular features for precision cancer therapy. This focuses on identifying the most appropriately targeted therapy to an individual patient harboring a particularly genetic profile or molecular feature. However, traditional experimental approaches that are used to develop new chemical entities for targeting the clinically relevant driver mutations are costly and high-risk. Drug repositioning, also known as drug repurposing, re-tasking or re-profiling, has been demonstrated as a promising strategy for drug discovery and development. Recently, computational techniques and methods have been proposed for oncology drug repositioning and identifying pharmacogenomics biomarkers, but overall progress remains to be seen. In this review, we focus on introducing new developments and advances of the individualized network-based drug repositioning approaches by targeting the clinically relevant driver events or molecular features derived from cancer panomics data for the development of precision oncology drug therapies (e.g. one-person trials) to fully realize the promise of precision medicine. We discuss several potential challenges (e.g. tumor heterogeneity and cancer subclones) for precision oncology. Finally, we highlight several new directions for the precision oncology drug discovery via biotherapies (e.g. gene therapy and immunotherapy) that target the 'undruggable' cancer genome in the functional genomics era.
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Cao X, Wen ZS, Wang XD, Li Y, Liu KY, Wang X. The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies. J Cancer 2017; 8:2532-2541. [PMID: 28900491 PMCID: PMC5595083 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical investigations have revealed an anti-cancer effect of metformin. Several studies of metformin treatment have demonstrated the improved clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients with diabetes; however, the results have been inconsistent among studies. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the up-to-date effects of metformin on diabetic lung cancer patients. A systematic search was performed for studies published. Then, these studies were evaluated for inclusion, and relevant data was extracted. The summary risk estimates for the associations of metformin treatment with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using random/fixed-effects models. Analyses stratified by histological type were also conducted. Based on the 10 studies included in our analysis, metformin treatment was found to significantly improve survival, corresponding to reductions of 23% and 47% in OS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.77, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.66-0.9, p=0.001] and PFS (HR=0.53, 95%CI=0.41-0.68, p<0.001), respectively. In addition, significant improvements in the OS for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR=0.77, 95%CI=0.71-0.84, p=0.002) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (HR=0.52, 95%CI=0.29-0.91, p=0.022) were observed in association with metformin treatment in analysis stratified by histological type. This stratified analysis also revealed a significant improvement in PFS for both NSCLC (HR=0.53, 95%CI=0.39-0.71, p<0.001) and SCLC (HR=0.54, 95%CI=0.34-0.84, p=0.007). We found that metformin treatment significantly improved the OS and PFS of diabetic lung cancer patients, and our findings suggest that metformin might be an effective treatment option for diabetic patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Cao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui-Yuan Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Uzozie AC, Selevsek N, Wahlander A, Nanni P, Grossmann J, Weber A, Buffoli F, Marra G. Targeted Proteomics for Multiplexed Verification of Markers of Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:407-427. [PMID: 28062797 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.062273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted proteomic methods can accelerate the verification of multiple tumor marker candidates in large series of patient samples. We utilized the targeted approach known as selected/multiple reaction monitoring (S/MRM) to verify potential protein markers of colorectal adenoma identified by our group in previous transcriptomic and quantitative shotgun proteomic studies of a large cohort of precancerous colorectal lesions. We developed SRM assays to reproducibly detect and quantify 25 (62.5%) of the 40 selected proteins in an independent series of precancerous and cancerous tissue samples (19 adenoma/normal mucosa pairs; 17 adenocarcinoma/normal mucosa pairs). Twenty-three proteins were significantly up-regulated (n = 17) or downregulated (n = 6) in adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas, as compared with normal mucosa (linear fold changes ≥ ±1.3, adjusted p value <0.05). Most changes were observed in both tumor types (up-regulation of ANP32A, ANXA3, SORD, LDHA, LCN2, NCL, S100A11, SERPINB5, CDV3, OLFM4, and REG4; downregulation of ARF6 and PGM5), and a five-protein biomarker signature distinguished neoplastic tissue from normal mucosa with a maximum area under the receiver operating curve greater than 0.83. Other changes were specific for adenomas (PPA1 and PPA2 up-regulation; KCTD12 downregulation) or adenocarcinoma (ANP32B, G6PD, RCN1, and SET up-regulation; downregulated AKR1B1, APEX1, and PPA1). Some changes significantly correlated with a few patient- or tumor-related phenotypes. Twenty-two (96%) of the 23 proteins have a potential to be released from the tumors into the bloodstream, and their detectability in plasma has been previously reported. The proteins identified in this study expand the pool of biomarker candidates that can be used to develop a standardized precolonoscopy blood test for the early detection of colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Selevsek
- §Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Asa Wahlander
- §Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- §Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- §Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- ¶Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Buffoli
- ‖ Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Hospital of Cremona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland;
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Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Rare and Heavily Pretreated Solid Tumors Treated according to the Results of Tumor Molecular Profiling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4627214. [PMID: 27525268 PMCID: PMC4972920 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4627214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heavily pretreated advanced cancer or with rare tumors are difficult to treat. Molecular profiling (MP) of tumors to identify biomarkers that predict potential outcomes with individual therapies is an emerging strategy to guide treatment decisions. Patients with rare tumors for which standard-of-care therapy was unavailable or more common tumors for which standard-of-care options had been exhausted underwent MP at a single Australian center. Data regarding treating physicians' choice of therapy, MP results and recommendations, and patient outcomes were collected. Seven patients had received prior standard first-line therapy (PST), 16 had rare tumors, and 31 had been heavily pretreated (HPT; ≥2 prior lines). Most treatments suggested by MP (541/594; 91.1%) were common chemotherapy drugs available in generic formulations. MP-guided therapy recommendations differed from physician's recommendations in 48 patients (88.9%). MP-guided therapy produced clinical benefit (improved QOL and/or performance status, symptoms, bodyweight, or RECIST) in 19/31 (61.3%), 11/16 (68.8%), and 3/7 (42.9%) patients with HPTs, rare tumors, and PSTs, respectively, and had a PFS ratio ≥1.3 in 22/37 evaluable patients (59.5%; 95% confidence interval 44–76%). The null hypothesis that ≤15% of these patients would have a PFS ratio ≥1.3 was rejected (one-sided p < 0.0001). In conclusion, using MP to guide therapy selection is feasible in clinical practice and may improve patient outcomes.
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Biotin-targeted Pluronic(®) P123/F127 mixed micelles delivering niclosamide: A repositioning strategy to treat drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:127-139. [PMID: 27374195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to develop alternative therapeutic tools for the treatment of resistant cancers, here we propose targeted Pluronic(®) P123/F127 mixed micelles (PMM) delivering niclosamide (NCL) as a repositioning strategy to treat multidrug resistant non-small lung cancer cell lines. To build multifunctional PMM for targeting and imaging, Pluronic(®) F127 was conjugated with biotin, while Pluronic(®) P123 was fluorescently tagged with rhodamine B, in both cases at one of the two hydroxyl end groups. This design intended to avoid any interference of rhodamine B on biotin exposition on PMM surface, which is a key fundamental for cell trafficking studies. Biotin-decorated PMM were internalized more efficiently than non-targeted PMM in A549 lung cancer cells, while very low internalization was found in NHI3T3 normal fibroblasts. Biotin-decorated PMM entrapped NCL with good efficiency, displayed sustained drug release in protein-rich media and improved cytotoxicity in A549 cells as compared to free NCL (P<0.01). To go in depth into the actual therapeutic potential of NCL-loaded PMM, a cisplatin-resistant A549 lung cancer cell line (CPr-A549) was developed and its multidrug resistance tested against common chemotherapeutics. Free NCL was able to overcome chemoresistance showing cytotoxic effects in this cell line ascribable to nucleolar stress, which was associated to a significant increase of the ribosomal protein rpL3 and consequent up-regulation of p21. It is noteworthy that biotin-decorated PMM carrying NCL at low doses demonstrated a significantly higher cytotoxicity than free NCL in CPr-A549. These results point at NCL-based regimen with targeted PMM as a possible second-line chemotherapy for lung cancer showing cisplatin or multidrug resistance.
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Li M, Liu Y. Topoisomerase I in Human Disease Pathogenesis and Treatments. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:166-171. [PMID: 27181710 PMCID: PMC4936607 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is an essential enzyme for normal development. TOP1 relaxes supercoiled DNA to remove helical constraints that can otherwise hinder DNA replication and transcription and thus block cell growth. Unfortunately, this exact activity can covalently trap TOP1 on the DNA that could lead to cell death or mutagenesis, a precursor for tumorigenesis. It is therefore important for cells to find a proper balance between the utilization of the TOP1 catalytic activity to maintain DNA topology and the risk of accumulating the toxic DNA damages due to TOP1 trapping that prevents normal cell growth. In an apparent contradiction to the negative attribute of the TOP1 activity to genome stability, the detrimental effect of the TOP1-induced DNA lesions on cell survival has made this enzyme a prime target for cancer therapies to kill fast-growing cancer cells. In addition, cumulative evidence supports a direct role of TOP1 in promoting transcriptional progression independent of its topoisomerase activity. The involvement of TOP1 in transcriptional regulation has recently become a focus in developing potential new treatments for a subtype of autism spectrum disorders. Clearly, the impact of TOP1 on human health is multifold. In this review, we will summarize our current understandings on how TOP1 contributes to human diseases and how its activity is targeted for disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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Xu J, Gong B, Wu L, Thakkar S, Hong H, Tong W. Comprehensive Assessments of RNA-seq by the SEQC Consortium: FDA-Led Efforts Advance Precision Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E8. [PMID: 26999190 PMCID: PMC4810084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on gene expression in response to therapy have led to the discovery of pharmacogenomics biomarkers and advances in precision medicine. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) is an emerging tool for profiling gene expression and has received wide adoption in the biomedical research community. However, its value in regulatory decision making requires rigorous assessment and consensus between various stakeholders, including the research community, regulatory agencies, and industry. The FDA-led SEquencing Quality Control (SEQC) consortium has made considerable progress in this direction, and is the subject of this review. Specifically, three RNA-seq platforms (Illumina HiSeq, Life Technologies SOLiD, and Roche 454) were extensively evaluated at multiple sites to assess cross-site and cross-platform reproducibility. The results demonstrated that relative gene expression measurements were consistently comparable across labs and platforms, but not so for the measurement of absolute expression levels. As part of the quality evaluation several studies were included to evaluate the utility of RNA-seq in clinical settings and safety assessment. The neuroblastoma study profiled tumor samples from 498 pediatric neuroblastoma patients by both microarray and RNA-seq. RNA-seq offers more utilities than microarray in determining the transcriptomic characteristics of cancer. However, RNA-seq and microarray-based models were comparable in clinical endpoint prediction, even when including additional features unique to RNA-seq beyond gene expression. The toxicogenomics study compared microarray and RNA-seq profiles of the liver samples from rats exposed to 27 different chemicals representing multiple toxicity modes of action. Cross-platform concordance was dependent on chemical treatment and transcript abundance. Though both RNA-seq and microarray are suitable for developing gene expression based predictive models with comparable prediction performance, RNA-seq offers advantages over microarray in profiling genes with low expression. The rat BodyMap study provided a comprehensive rat transcriptomic body map by performing RNA-Seq on 320 samples from 11 organs in either sex of juvenile, adolescent, adult and aged Fischer 344 rats. Lastly, the transferability study demonstrated that signature genes of predictive models are reciprocally transferable between microarray and RNA-seq data for model development using a comprehensive approach with two large clinical data sets. This result suggests continued usefulness of legacy microarray data in the coming RNA-seq era. In conclusion, the SEQC project enhances our understanding of RNA-seq and provides valuable guidelines for RNA-seq based clinical application and safety evaluation to advance precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Xu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Binsheng Gong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Leihong Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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López-Miranda E, Cortés J. Etirinotecan pegol for the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:727-34. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1154537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Brown AS, Kong SW, Kohane IS, Patel CJ. ksRepo: a generalized platform for computational drug repositioning. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:78. [PMID: 26860211 PMCID: PMC4746802 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Repositioning approved drug and small molecules in novel therapeutic areas is of key interest to the pharmaceutical industry. A number of promising computational techniques have been developed to aid in repositioning, however, the majority of available methodologies require highly specific data inputs that preclude the use of many datasets and databases. There is a clear unmet need for a generalized methodology that enables the integration of multiple types of both gene expression data and database schema. Results ksRepo eliminates the need for a single microarray platform as input and allows for the use of a variety of drug and chemical exposure databases. We tested ksRepo’s performance on a set of five prostate cancer datasets using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) as our database of gene-compound interactions. ksRepo successfully predicted significance for five frontline prostate cancer therapies, representing a significant enrichment from over 7000 CTD compounds, and achieved specificity similar to other repositioning methods. Conclusions We present ksRepo, which enables investigators to use any data inputs for computational drug repositioning. ksRepo is implemented in a series of four functions in the R statistical environment under a BSD3 license. Source code is freely available at http://github.com/adam-sam-brown/ksRepo. A vignette is provided to aid users in performing ksRepo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Brown
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Isaac S Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Sinha D, Sarkar N, Biswas J, Bishayee A. Resveratrol for breast cancer prevention and therapy: Preclinical evidence and molecular mechanisms. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:209-232. [PMID: 26774195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. The major unresolved problems with metastatic breast cancer is recurrence after receiving objective response to chemotherapy, drug-induced side effects of first line chemotherapy and delayed response to second line of treatment. Unfortunately, very few options are available as third line treatment. It is clear that under such circumstances there is an urgent need for new and effective drugs. Phytochemicals are among the most promising chemopreventive treatment options for the management of cancer. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a non-flavonoid polyphenol present in several dietary sources, including grapes, berries, soy beans, pomegranate and peanuts, has been shown to possess a wide range of health benefits through its effect on a plethora of molecular targets.The present review encompasses the role of resveratrol and its natural/synthetic analogue in the light of their efficacy against tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, epigenetic alterations and for induction of apoptosis as well as sensitization toward chemotherapeutic drugs in various in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. The roles of resveratrol as a phytoestrogen, an aromatase inhibitor and in stem cell therapy as well as adjuvent treatment are also discussed. This review explores the full potential of resveratrol in breast cancer prevention and treatment with current limitations, challenges and future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India.
| | - Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Jaydip Biswas
- Clinical and Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
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Abstract
The three endogenous gaseous transmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - regulate a number of key biological functions. Emerging data have revealed several new mechanisms for each of these three gasotransmitters in tumour biology. It is now appreciated that they show bimodal pharmacological character in cancer, in that not only the inhibition of their biosynthesis but also elevation of their concentration beyond a certain threshold can exert anticancer effects. This Review discusses the role of each gasotransmitter in cancer and the effects of pharmacological agents - some of which are in early-stage clinical studies - that modulate the levels of each gasotransmitter. A clearer understanding of the pharmacological character of these three gases and the mechanisms underlying their biological effects is expected to guide further clinical translation.
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Potkonjak M, Miura JT, Turaga KK, Johnston FM, Tsai S, Christians KK, Gamblin TC. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer: distinguishing molecular profiles to guide potential therapy. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:1119-23. [PMID: 26374242 PMCID: PMC4644364 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy regimens for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GC) remain interchangeable; however, response rates are frequently suboptimal. Biomarkers from ICC and GC patients were interrogated to identify actionable differences with potential therapeutic implications. METHODS From 2009 to 2012, pathological specimens from 217 ICC and 28 GC patients referred to Caris Life Sciences were evaluated. Specific testing by immunohistochemical analysis for 17 different biomarkers was performed. RESULTS In the collective cohort (n = 245), actionable targets included: 95% low thymidylate synthase (TS), 82% low ribonucleotide reductase subunit M (RMM) 1 and 74% low excision repair cross complementation group (ERCC) 1, indicating potential susceptibility to fluoropyrimidines/capecitabine, gemcitabine and platinum agents, respectively. Additional targets included TOPO1 (53.3% high, Irinotecan), MGMT (50.3% low, temozolomide), TOP2A (33% high, anthracyclines) and PGP (30.1% low, taxanes). Subgroup analysis by tumour origin demonstrated a differential biomarker expression pattern with a higher frequency of ICC tumours showing low levels of TS (99% versus 72%, P < 0.01), and RRM1 (85% versus 64%, P = 0.02) when compared with GC. Conversely a greater frequency of GC demonstrated high levels of TOPO1 (76% versus 50%, P = 0.02) versus ICC, indicating a potential increased benefit from irinotecan. DISCUSSION Differences in the molecular profiles between ICC and GC provide evidence that the two are distinct diseases, requiring different treatment strategies to optimize a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Potkonjak
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John T Miura
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kiran K Turaga
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Fabian M Johnston
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan Tsai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
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Lin JJ, Gallagher EJ, Sigel K, Mhango G, Galsky MD, Smith CB, LeRoith D, Wisnivesky JP. Survival of patients with stage IV lung cancer with diabetes treated with metformin. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:448-54. [PMID: 25522257 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior studies have shown an anticancer effect of metformin in patients with breast and colorectal cancer. It is unclear, however, whether metformin has a mortality benefit in lung cancer. OBJECTIVES To compare overall survival of patients with diabetes with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) taking metformin versus those not on metformin. METHODS Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry linked to Medicare claims, we identified 750 patients with diabetes 65-80 years of age diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC between 2007 and 2009. We used propensity score methods to assess the association of metformin use with overall survival while controlling for potential confounders. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Overall, 61% of patients were on metformin at the time of lung cancer diagnosis. Median survival in the metformin group was 5 months, compared with 3 months in patients not treated with metformin (P < 0.001). Propensity score analyses showed that metformin use was associated with a statistically significant improvement in survival (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.89), after controlling for sociodemographics, diabetes severity, other diabetes medications, cancer characteristics, and treatment. CONCLUSIONS Metformin is associated with improved survival among patients with diabetes with stage IV NSCLC, suggesting a potential anticancer effect. Further research should evaluate plausible biologic mechanisms and test the effect of metformin in prospective clinical trials.
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Grunnet M, Calatayud D, Schultz NAA, Hasselby JP, Mau-Sørensen M, Brünner N, Stenvang J. TOP1 gene copy numbers are increased in cancers of the bile duct and pancreas. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:485-94. [PMID: 25615400 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.980318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile duct and pancreatic cancer (PC) have poor prognoses and treatment options for inoperable patients are scarce. In order to improve outcome for these patients, there is an urgent need for biomarkers predictive of treatment effect. Irinotecan is a topoisomerase 1 (Top1) poison. Top1 protein, TOP1 gene copy number and mRNA expression, respectively, have been proposed as predictive biomarkers of response to irinotecan in other cancers. Here we investigate the occurrence of TOP1 gene aberrations in cancers of the bile ducts and pancreas. MATERIAL AND METHODS TOP1 and centromere 20 (CEN-20) numbers were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses in tumor tissue from 226 patients. The frequencies of aberration in the TOP1 gene copy number, the CEN-20 copy number and the TOP1/CEN-20 ratio were analyzed. As TOP1 is located on chromosome 20, the CEN-20 probe was included to distinguish between chromosomal and gene amplifications. RESULTS In PC, 29.8% had an increased TOP1 copy number (≥ 3.5n gene copies per cell) and 10.8% had a TOP1/CEN-20 ratio >1.5. In bile duct cancer, 12.8 % had an increased TOP1 copy number and 6.4% had a TOP1/CEN-20 ratio >1.5. Neither the TOP1 copy number nor the TOP1/CEN-20 ratios could predict overall survival. CONCLUSION We here report that a substantial number of patients with bile duct or PC have increased TOP1 copy number and increased TOP1/CEN-20 ratio making further analyses on the association between TOP1 gene copy number and irinotecan efficacy clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Grunnet
- Deptartment of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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28
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Li J, Zheng S, Chen B, Butte AJ, Swamidass SJ, Lu Z. A survey of current trends in computational drug repositioning. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:2-12. [PMID: 25832646 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational drug repositioning or repurposing is a promising and efficient tool for discovering new uses from existing drugs and holds the great potential for precision medicine in the age of big data. The explosive growth of large-scale genomic and phenotypic data, as well as data of small molecular compounds with granted regulatory approval, is enabling new developments for computational repositioning. To achieve the shortest path toward new drug indications, advanced data processing and analysis strategies are critical for making sense of these heterogeneous molecular measurements. In this review, we show recent advancements in the critical areas of computational drug repositioning from multiple aspects. First, we summarize available data sources and the corresponding computational repositioning strategies. Second, we characterize the commonly used computational techniques. Third, we discuss validation strategies for repositioning studies, including both computational and experimental methods. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities and use-cases, including a few target areas such as cancers. We conclude with a brief discussion of the remaining challenges in computational drug repositioning.
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Zagni C, Guimarães DM, Salerno L, Punzo F, Squarize CH, Mineo PG, Romeo G, Rescifina A. An α1-adrenergic receptor ligand repurposed as a potent antiproliferative agent for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the anticancer properties of RN5-Me, an α1-adrenergic receptor ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology
| | - Douglas Magno Guimarães
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Francesco Punzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Cristiane H. Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Placido Giuseppe Mineo
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici
- 98158 Messina
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and I.N.S.T.M. UdR of Catania
- Università di Catania
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
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Warita K, Warita T, Beckwitt CH, Schurdak ME, Vazquez A, Wells A, Oltvai ZN. Statin-induced mevalonate pathway inhibition attenuates the growth of mesenchymal-like cancer cells that lack functional E-cadherin mediated cell cohesion. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7593. [PMID: 25534349 PMCID: PMC4274516 DOI: 10.1038/srep07593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol reducing drugs, statins, exhibit anti-tumor effects against cancer stem cells and various cancer cell lines, exert potent additivity or synergy with existing chemotherapeutics in animal models of cancer and may reduce cancer incidence and cancer related mortality in humans. However, not all tumor cell lines are sensitive to statins, and clinical trials have demonstrated mixed outcomes regarding statins as anticancer agents. Here, we show that statin-induced reduction in intracellular cholesterol levels correlate with the growth inhibition of cancer cell lines upon statin treatment. Moreover, statin sensitivity segregates with abundant cytosolic vimentin expression and absent cell surface E-cadherin expression, a pattern characteristic of mesenchymal-like cells. Exogenous expression of cell surface E-cadherin converts statin- sensitive cells to a partially resistant state implying that statin resistance is in part dependent on the tumor cells attaining an epithelial phenotype. As metastasizing tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition during the initiation of the metastatic cascade, statin therapy may represent an effective approach to targeting the cells most likely to disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Warita
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tomoko Warita
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Colin H Beckwitt
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mark E Schurdak
- 1] Department of Computational &Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA [2] University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for Systems Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zoltán N Oltvai
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA [2] Department of Computational &Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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31
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Jørgensen JT. Drug-diagnostics co-development in oncology. Front Oncol 2014; 4:208. [PMID: 25136515 PMCID: PMC4120852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Abstract
Personalized medicine is the cornerstone of medical practice. It tailors treatments for specific conditions of an affected individual. The borders of personalized medicine are defined by limitations in technology and our understanding of biology, physiology and pathology of various conditions. Current advances in technology have provided physicians with the tools to investigate the molecular makeup of the disease. Translating these molecular make-ups to actionable targets has led to the development of small molecular inhibitors. Also, detailed understanding of genetic makeup has allowed us to develop prognostic markers, better known as companion diagnostics. Current attempts in the development of drug delivery systems offer the opportunity of delivering specific inhibitors to affected cells in an attempt to reduce the unwanted side effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Badalian-Very
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Tel.: + 1 617 513 7940; fax: + 1 617 632 5998.
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