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Aguiari G, Crudele F, Taccioli C, Minotti L, Corrà F, Keillor JW, Grassilli S, Cervellati C, Volinia S, Bergamini CM, Bianchi N. Dysregulation of Transglutaminase type 2 through GATA3 defines aggressiveness and Doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1-14. [PMID: 34975314 PMCID: PMC8692156 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of transglutaminase type 2 in cell physiology is related to protein transamidation and signal transduction (affecting extracellular, intracellular and nuclear processes) aided by the expression of truncated isoforms and of two lncRNAs with regulatory functions. In breast cancer TG2 is associated with disease progression supporting motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and drug resistance. The aim of his work is to clarify these issues by emphasizing the interconnections among TGM2 variants and transcription factors associated with an aggressive phenotype, in which the truncated TGH isoform correlates with malignancy. TGM2 transcripts are upregulated by several drugs in MCF-7, but only Doxorubicin is effective in MDA-MB-231 cells. These differences reflect the expression of GATA3, as demonstrated by silencing, suggesting a link between this transcription factor and gene dysregulation. Of note, NC9, an irreversible inhibitor of enzymatic TG2 activities, emerges to control NF-ĸB and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines, showing potential for combination therapies with Doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Crudele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Linda Minotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Corrà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44124 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44124 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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2
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Inhibition of Metabolism as a Therapeutic Option for Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092398. [PMID: 34572047 PMCID: PMC8467413 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have an increased need for glucose and, despite aerobic conditions, obtain their energy through aerobic oxidation and lactate fermentation, instead of aerobic oxidation alone. Glutamine is an essential amino acid in the human body. Glutaminolysis and glycolysis are crucial for cancer cell survival. In the therapy of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer (BC), the focus lies on hormone sensitivity targeting therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), although this therapy is partially limited by the development of resistance. Therefore, further targets for therapy improvement of ERα-positive BC with secondary 4-OHT resistance are needed. Hence, increased glucose requirement and upregulated glutaminolysis in BC cells could be used. We have established sublines of ERα-positive MCF7 and T47D BC cells, which were developed to be resistant to 4-OHT. Further, glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG) and glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 were analyzed. Co-treatments using 4-OHT and CB-839, 2-DG and CB-839, or 4-OHT, 2-DG and CB-839, respectively, showed significantly stronger inhibitory effects on viability compared to single treatments. It could be shown that tamoxifen-resistant BC cell lines, compared to the non-resistant cell lines, exhibited a stronger reducing effect on cell viability under co-treatments. In addition, the tamoxifen-resistant BC cell lines showed increased expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc compared to the parental cell lines. This could be reduced depending on the treatment. Suppression of c-Myc expression using specific siRNA completely abolished resistance to 4OH-tamoxifen. In summary, our data suggest that combined treatments affecting the metabolism of BC are suitable depending on the cellularity and resistance status. In addition, the anti-metabolic treatments affected the expression of the proto-oncogene c-Myc, a key player in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism.
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3
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SOX2OT Long Noncoding RNA Is Regulated by the UPR in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ENR) stress perturbs cell homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). In breast cancer, this process is activated by oestrogen deprivation and is associated with tamoxifen resistance. We present evidence that the transcription factor SOX2 and the long noncoding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) are upregulated in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and in response to oestrogen deprivation. We examined the effect of the UPR on SOX2 and SOX2OT expression and the effect of SOX2OT on UPR pathways in breast cancer cell lines. The induction of the UPR by thapsigargin or glucose deprivation upregulates SOX2OT expression. This upregulation is also shown with the anti-oestrogen 4OH-tamoxifen and mTOR inhibitor everolimus in ER + breast cancer cells that are sensitive to oestrogen deprivation or everolimus treatment. SOX2OT overexpression decreased BiP and PERK expression. This effect of SOX2OT overexpression was confirmed on BiP and PERK pathway by q-PCR. Our results show that a long noncoding RNA regulates the UPR and evince a new function of SOX2OT as a participant of ENR stress reprogramming of breast cancer cells.
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Vijaya Kumar A, Brézillon S, Untereiner V, Sockalingum GD, Kumar Katakam S, Mohamed HT, Kemper B, Greve B, Mohr B, Ibrahim SA, Goycoolea FM, Kiesel L, Pavão MSG, Motta JM, Götte M. HS2ST1-dependent signaling pathways determine breast cancer cell viability, matrix interactions, and invasive behavior. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2907-2922. [PMID: 32573871 PMCID: PMC7419026 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as signaling co‐receptors by interaction of their sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains with numerous signaling molecules. In breast cancer, the function of heparan sulfate 2‐O‐sulfotransferase (HS2ST1), the enzyme mediating 2‐O‐sulfation of HS, is largely unknown. Hence, a comparative study on the functional consequences of HS2ST1 overexpression and siRNA knockdown was performed in the breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. HS2ST1 overexpression inhibited Matrigel invasion, while its knockdown reversed the phenotype. Likewise, cell motility and adhesion to fibronectin and laminin were affected by altered HS2ST1 expression. Phosphokinase array screening revealed a general decrease in signaling via multiple pathways. Fluorescent ligand binding studies revealed altered binding of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) to HS2ST1‐expressing cells compared with control cells. HS2ST1‐overexpressing cells showed reduced MAPK signaling responses to FGF‐2, and altered expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), E‐cadherin, Wnt‐7a, and Tcf4. The increased viability of HS2ST1‐depleted cells was reduced to control levels by pharmacological MAPK pathway inhibition. Moreover, MAPK inhibitors generated a phenocopy of the HS2ST1‐dependent delay in scratch wound repair. In conclusion, HS2ST1 modulation of breast cancer cell invasiveness is a compound effect of altered E‐cadherin and EGFR expression, leading to altered signaling via MAPK and additional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Sampath Kumar Katakam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Hossam Taha Mohamed
- CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy - Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Mohr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Mauro S G Pavão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Motta
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Barker D, Lee S, Varnava KG, Sparrow K, van Rensburg M, Deed RC, Cadelis MM, Li SA, Copp BR, Sarojini V, Pilkington LI. Synthesis and Antibacterial Analysis of Analogues of the Marine Alkaloid Pseudoceratidine. Molecules 2020; 25:E2713. [PMID: 32545320 PMCID: PMC7321382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to gain more understanding on the structure activity relationship of pseudoceratidine 1, a di-bromo pyrrole spermidine alkaloid derived from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea that has been shown to exhibit potent biofouling, anti-fungal, antibacterial, and anti-malarial activities, a large series of 65 compounds that incorporated several aspects of structural variation has been synthesised through an efficient, divergent method that allowed for a number of analogues to be generated from common precursors. Subsequently, all analogues were assessed for their antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Overall, several compounds exhibited comparable or better activity than that of pseudoceratidine 1, and it was found that this class of compounds is generally more effective against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, altering several structural features allowed for the establishment of a comprehensive structure activity relationship (SAR), where it was concluded that several structural features are critical for potent anti-bacterial activity, including di-halogenation (preferable bromine, but chlorine is also effective) on the pyrrole ring, two pyrrolic units in the structure and with one or more secondary amines in the chain adjoining these units, with longer chains giving rise to better activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Lee
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Kyriakos G. Varnava
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Kevin Sparrow
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Michelle van Rensburg
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Rebecca C. Deed
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Melissa M. Cadelis
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Steven A. Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I. Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (S.L.); (K.G.V.); (K.S.); (M.v.R.); (R.C.D.); (M.M.C.); (S.A.L.); (B.R.C.); (V.S.); (L.I.P.)
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6
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SOX2OT Long Noncoding RNA Is Regulated by the UPR in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sci2020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress perturbs cell homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). In breast cancer, this process is activated by oestrogen deprivation and is associated with tamoxifen resistance. We present evidence that the transcription factor SOX2 and the long noncoding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) are up-regulated in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and in response to oestrogen deprivation. We examined the effect of the UPR on SOX2 and SOX2OT expression, and the effect of SOX2OT on UPR pathways in breast cancer cell lines. The induction of the UPR by thapsigargin or glucose deprivation up-regulates SOX2OT expression. This up-regulation is also shown with the anti-oestrogen 4OH-tamoxifen and mTOR inhibitor everolimus in ER + breast cancer cells that are sensitive to oestrogen deprivation or everolimus treatment. SOX2OT overexpression decreased BiP and PERK expression. This effect of SOX2OT overexpression was confirmed on BiP and PERK pathway by q-PCR. Our results show that a long noncoding RNA regulates the UPR and evince a new function of SOX2OT as a participant of ER stress reprogramming of breast cancer cells.
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7
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Zhao S, Li X, Yin L, Hou L, Lan J, Zhu X. TCRP1 induces tamoxifen resistance by promoting the activation of SGK1 in MCF‑7 cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:2017-2027. [PMID: 32323833 PMCID: PMC7160545 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is widely used as a highly effective drug for treating estrogen‑receptor (ER) alpha‑positive breast cancer. However, tamoxifen resistance developed during cancer treatment remains a significant challenge. Tongue cancer resistance‑related protein1 (TCRP1), which is recognized as a novel drug target, is related to chemo‑resistance in human cancers, moreover, it is often overexpressed in various cancer cells, such as in lung cancer, breast cancer, and tongue cancer. However, the effects of TCRP1 on tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer cells and tissues are far from clear. The present study revealed that TCRP1 induced tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Western blotting, quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect the expression level of TCRP1 in vivo and in vitro between primary breast cancer tissues and tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer tissues. The data revealed that the expression of TCRP1 was upregulated in the tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer tissues and human breast cancer cell line, MCF‑7. Further study revealed that knocking down TCRP1 inhibited the growth of MCF‑7 cells with tamoxifen‑resistance (MCF7‑R cells) and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, TCRP1 promoted serum‑ and glucocorticoid‑inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) activation via phosphorylation of phosphoinositide‑dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) in MCF7‑R cells. In addition, it was also observed that knocking down TCRP1 inhibited tumorigenesis of MCF‑7 cells in nude mice. In conclusion, these data indicated that TCRP1 could induce tamoxifen resistance by regulating the PDK1/SGK1 signaling pathway. Thus, TCRP1 could be explored as a promising candidate for treating tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Chen R, Guo S, Yang C, Sun L, Zong B, Li K, Liu L, Tu G, Liu M, Liu S. Although c‑MYC contributes to tamoxifen resistance, it improves cisplatin sensitivity in ER‑positive breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:932-944. [PMID: 32319562 PMCID: PMC7050981 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of estrogen receptor‑positive (ER+) breast cancer. To date, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few studies available examining the response of patients with TAM‑resistant breast cancer to chemotherapy, and the guidelines do not specify recommended drugs for these patients. In the present study, TAM‑resistant cells were shown to exhibit increased proliferation and invasion compared with the parent cells, and the increased expression of c‑MYC was demonstrated to play an important role in TAM resistance. Furthermore, the TAM‑resistant cells were significantly more sensitive to cisplatin compared with the parent cells, and the silencing of c‑MYC expression desensitized the cells to cisplatin through the inhibition of the cell cycle. An increased c‑MYC expression was observed in 28 pairs of primary and metastatic tumors from patients treated with TAM, and the clinical remission rate of cisplatin‑based chemotherapy was significantly higher compared with other chemotherapy‑based regimens in 122 patients with TAM resistant breast cancer. Taken together, the data of the present study demonstrated that although c‑MYC was involved in TAM resistance, it increased the sensitivity of ER+ breast cancer to cisplatin. Thus, cisplatin may be a preferred chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with TAM‑resistant breast cancer, particularly in patients where the rapid control of disease progression is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Gang Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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9
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Discovery and Characterisation of Dual Inhibitors of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO2) and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Using Virtual Screening. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234346. [PMID: 31795096 PMCID: PMC6930675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers express tryptophan catabolising enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) to produce immunosuppressive tryptophan metabolites that undermine patients’ immune systems, leading to poor disease outcomes. Both enzymes are validated targets for cancer immunotherapy but there is a paucity of potent TDO2 and dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors. To identify novel dual IDO1/TDO2 scaffolds, 3D shape similarity and pharmacophore in silico screening was conducted using TDO2 as a model for both systems. The obtained hits were tested in cancer cell lines expressing mainly IDO1 (SKOV3—ovarian), predominantly TDO2 (A172—brain), and both IDO1 and TDO2 (BT549—breast). Three virtual screening hits were confirmed as inhibitors (TD12, TD18 and TD34). Dose response experiments showed that TD34 is the most potent inhibitor capable of blocking both IDO1 and TDO2 activity, with the IC50 value for BT549 at 3.42 µM. This work identified new scaffolds able to inhibit both IDO1 and TDO2, thus enriching the collection of dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors and providing chemical matter for potential development into future anticancer drugs.
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10
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Wu Z, Wu J, Zhao Q, Fu S, Jin J. Emerging roles of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:631-646. [PMID: 31359335 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Altered aerobic glycolysis is a well-recognized characteristic of cancer cell energy metabolism, known as the Warburg effect. Even in the presence of abundant oxygen, a majority of tumor cells produce substantial amounts of energy through a high glycolytic metabolism, and breast cancer (BC) is no exception. Breast cancer continues to be the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. However, the precise role of aerobic glycolysis in the development of BC remains elusive. Therefore, the present review attempts to address the implication of key enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose transporters (GLUTs), together with related signaling pathways including protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and transcription factors (c-myc, p53 and HIF-1) in the research of BC. Thus, the review of aerobic glycolysis in BC may evoke novel ideas for the BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - S Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Fan S, Tian T, Chen W, Lv X, Lei X, Zhang H, Sun S, Cai L, Pan G, He L, Ou Z, Lin X, Wang X, Perez MF, Tu Z, Ferrone S, Tannous BA, Li J. Mitochondrial miRNA Determines Chemoresistance by Reprogramming Metabolism and Regulating Mitochondrial Transcription. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1069-1084. [PMID: 30659020 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Argonaute Proteins/genetics
- Argonaute Proteins/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome, Mitochondrial
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Tongue Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Tongue Neoplasms/genetics
- Tongue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Tongue Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Lv
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyuan Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guokai Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lile He
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhanpeng Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Francis Perez
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiming Tu
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Leung EY, Askarian-Amiri ME, Singleton DC, Ferraro-Peyret C, Joseph WR, Finlay GJ, Broom RJ, Kakadia PM, Bohlander SK, Marshall E, Baguley BC. Derivation of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Under Physiological (5%) Oxygen Concentrations. Front Oncol 2018; 8:425. [PMID: 30370249 PMCID: PMC6194255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most human breast cancer cell lines currently in use were developed and are cultured under ambient (21%) oxygen conditions. While this is convenient in practical terms, higher ambient oxygen could increase oxygen radical production, potentially modulating signaling pathways. We have derived and grown a series of four human breast cancer cell lines under 5% oxygen, and have compared their properties to those of established breast cancer lines growing under ambient oxygen. Methods: Cell lines were characterized in terms of appearance, cellular DNA content, mutation spectrum, hormone receptor status, pathway utilization and drug sensitivity. Results: Three of the four lines (NZBR1, NZBR2, and NZBR4) were triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-), with NZBR1 also over-expressing EGFR. NZBR3 was HER2+ and ER+ and also over-expressed EGFR. Cell lines grown in 5% oxygen showed increased expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) target gene carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and decreased levels of ROS. As determined by protein phosphorylation, NZBR1 showed low AKT pathway utilization while NZBR2 and NZBR4 showed low p70S6K and rpS6 pathway utilization. The lines were characterized for sensitivity to 7-hydroxytamoxifen, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, the PI3K inhibitor BEZ235 and the HER inhibitors lapatinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and ARRY-380. In some cases they were compared to established breast cancer lines. Of particular note was the high sensitivity of NZBR3 to HER inhibitors. The spectrum of mutations in the NZBR lines was generally similar to that found in commonly used breast cancer cell lines but TP53 mutations were absent and mutations in EVI2B, LRP1B, and PMS2, which have not been reported in other breast cancer lines, were detected. The results suggest that the properties of cell lines developed under low oxygen conditions (5% O2) are similar to those of commonly used breast cancer cell lines. Although reduced ROS production and increased HIF-1 activity under 5% oxygen can potentially influence experimental outcomes, no difference in sensitivity to estrogen or doxorubicin was observed between cell lines cultured in 5 vs. 21% oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euphemia Y Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marjan E Askarian-Amiri
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dean C Singleton
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS5286, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Molecular Biology of Tumors, GHE Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Wayne R Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme J Finlay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reuben J Broom
- Auckland City Hospital-Oncology, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Purvi M Kakadia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elaine Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Antrodia cinnamomea extract inhibits the proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells through apoptosis and skp2/microRNAs pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:152. [PMID: 29743060 PMCID: PMC5944021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and affects 1.38 million women worldwide per year. Antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, are widely used in clinics to treat ER-positive breast tumors. However, remissions of breast cancer are often followed by resistance to tamoxifen and disease relapse. Despite the increasing understanding of the resistance mechanisms, effective regimens for treating tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer are limited. Antrodia cinnamomea is a traditional medicinal mushroom native only to Taiwan. In this study, we aimed to examine in vitro effect of antrodia cinnamomea in the tamoxifen-resistant cancer. Methods Antrodia cinnamomea was studied for its biological activity against proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer by XTT assay. Next, the underlying mechanism was studied by flow cytometry, qPCR and Western’s blotting assay. Results Our results revealed that the ethanol extract of antrodia cinnamomea (AC) can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells, including MCF-7 cell and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cell lines. Combination treatment with AC and 10− 6 M tamoxifen have the better inhibitory effect on the proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells than only AC did. AC can induce apoptosis in these breast cancer cells. Moreover, it can suppress the mRNA expression of skp2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) by increasing the expressions of miR-21-5p, miR-26-5p, and miR-30-5p in MCF-7 and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells. Conclusions These results suggest that the ethanol extract of antrodia cinnamomea could be a novel anticancer agent in the armamentarium of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer management. Moreover, we hope to identify additional pure compounds that could serve as promising anti-breast cancer candidates for further clinical trials.
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14
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Leung EY, Askarian-Amiri ME, Sarkar D, Ferraro-Peyret C, Joseph WR, Finlay GJ, Baguley BC. Endocrine Therapy of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells: Early Differential Effects on Stem Cell Markers. Front Oncol 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28929082 PMCID: PMC5591432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endocrine therapy of breast cancer, which either deprives cancer tissue of estrogen or prevents estrogen pathway signaling, is the most common treatment after surgery and radiotherapy. We have previously shown for the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cell line that exposure to tamoxifen, or deprivation of estrogen, leads initially to inhibition of cell proliferation, followed after several months by the emergence of resistant sub-lines that are phenotypically different from the parental line. We examined the early responses of MCF-7 cells following either exposure to 4-hydroxytamoxifen or deprivation of estrogen for periods of 2 days–4 weeks. Methods Endocrine-sensitive or -resistant breast cancer cell lines were used to examine the expression of the stem cell gene SOX2, and the Wnt effector genes AXIN2 and DKK1 using quantitative PCR analysis. Breast cancer cell lines were used to assess the anti-proliferative effects (as determined by IC50 values) of Wnt pathway inhibitors LGK974 and IWP-2. Results Hormone therapy led to time-dependent increases of up to 10-fold in SOX2 expression, up to threefold in expression of the Wnt target genes AXIN2 and DKK1, and variable changes in NANOG and OCT4 expression. The cells also showed increased mammosphere formation and increased CD24 surface protein expression. Some but not all hormone-resistant MCF-7 sub-lines, emerging after long-term hormonal stress, showed up to 50-fold increases in SOX2 expression and smaller increases in AXIN2 and DKK1 expression. However, the increase in Wnt target gene expression was not accompanied by an increase in sensitivity to Wnt pathway inhibitors LGK974 and IWP-2. A general trend of lower IC50 values was observed in 3-dimensional spheroid culture conditions (which allowed enrichment of cells with cancer stem cell phenotype) relative to monolayer cultures. The endocrine-resistant cell lines showed no significant increase in sensitivity to Wnt inhibitors. Conclusion Hormone treatment of cultured MCF-7 cells leads within 2 days to increased expression of components of the SOX2 and Wnt pathways and to increased potential for mammosphere formation. We suggest that these responses are indicative of early adaptation to endocrine stress with features of stem cell character and that this facilitates the survival of emerging hormone-resistant cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euphemia Y Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marjan E Askarian-Amiri
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debina Sarkar
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS5286, Lyon, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Molecular Biology of Tumors, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Wayne R Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme J Finlay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Lin KY, Cheng SM, Tsai SL, Tsai JY, Lin CH, Cheung CHA. Delivery of a survivin promoter-driven antisense survivin-expressing plasmid DNA as a cancer therapeutic: a proof-of-concept study. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2601-13. [PMID: 27217778 PMCID: PMC4862386 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins family. It is overexpressed in many different cancer types but not in the differentiated normal tissue. In addition, overexpression of survivin promotes cancer cell survival and induces chemotherapeutic drug resistance, making it an attractive target for new anticancer interventions. Despite survivin being a promising molecular target for anticancer treatment, it is widely accepted that survivin is only a "semi-druggable" target. Therefore, it is important to develop a new strategy to target survivin for anticancer treatment. In this study, we constructed a novel survivin promoter-driven full-length antisense survivin (pSur/AS-Sur) expression plasmid DNA. Promoter activity assay revealed that the activity of the survivin promoter of pSur/AS-Sur correlated with the endogenous expression of survivin at the transcriptional level in the transfected A549, MDA-MB-231, and PANC-1 cancer cells. Western blot analysis showed that liposomal delivery of pSur/AS-Sur successfully downregulated the expression of survivin in A549, MBA-MB-231, and PANC-1 cells in vitro. In addition, delivery of pSur/AS-Sur induced autophagy, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and caspase-independent apoptosis as indicated by the increased LC3B-II conversion, autophagosome formation, caspase-9/-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage, and apoptosis-inducing factor nuclear translocation in A549, MBA-MB-231, and PANC-1 cells. Importantly, liposomal delivery of pSur/AS-Sur was also capable of decreasing the proliferation of the survivin/MDR1 coexpressing multidrug-resistant KB-TAX50 cancer cells and the estrogen receptor-positive tamoxifen-resistant MCF7-TamC3 cancer cells in vitro. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that delivery of a survivin promoter-driven antisense survivin-expressing plasmid DNA is a promising way to target survivin and to treat survivin-expressing cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Siao Muk Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shing-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Ya Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Leung EY, Askarian-Amiri M, Finlay GJ, Rewcastle GW, Baguley BC. Potentiation of Growth Inhibitory Responses of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus by Dual mTORC1/2 Inhibitors in Cultured Breast Cancer Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131400. [PMID: 26148118 PMCID: PMC4492962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a vital component of signaling pathways involving PI3K/AKT, is an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer. Everolimus, an allosteric mTOR inhibitor that inhibits the mTOR functional complex mTORC1, is approved for treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Other mTOR inhibitors show interesting differences in target specificities: BEZ235 and GSK2126458 are ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors targeting both PI3K and mTORC1/2; AZD8055, AZD2014 and KU-0063794 are ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2; and GDC-0941 is a pan-PI3K inhibitor. We have addressed the question of whether mTOR inhibitors may be more effective in combination than singly in inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. We selected a panel of 30 human breast cancer cell lines that included ER and PR positive, HER2 over-expressing, and “triple negative” variants, and determined whether signaling pathway utilization was related to drug-induced inhibition of proliferation. A significant correlation (p = 0.005) was found between everolimus IC50 values and p70S6K phosphorylation, but not with AKT or ERK phosphorylation, consistent with the mTOR pathway being a principal target. We then carried out combination studies with four everolimus resistant triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, and found an unexpectedly high degree of synergy between everolimus and the other inhibitors tested. The level of potentiation of everolimus inhibitory activity (measured by IC50 values) was found to be cell line-specific for all the kinase inhibitors tested. The results suggest that judicious combination of mTOR inhibitors with different modes of action could have beneficial effects in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euphemia Y. Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (EL); (BB)
| | - Marjan Askarian-Amiri
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme J. Finlay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gordon W. Rewcastle
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C. Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (EL); (BB)
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17
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Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors sensitize lymphoma cells to cisplatin without enhancing the drug effects on immortalized normal lymphocytes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 74:95-102. [PMID: 25930121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of glycolysis, a well recognized hallmark of cancer cells, was also found to be predictive of poor chemotherapy response. This observation suggested the attempt of sensitizing cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting glucose metabolism. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition can be a way to hinder glycolysis of cancer cells without affecting the metabolism of normal tissues, which usually does not require this enzymatic activity. In this paper, we showed that two LDH inhibitors (oxamate and galloflavin) can increase the efficacy of cisplatin in cultured Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells and that this potentiating effect is not exerted in proliferating normal lymphocytes. This result was explained by the finding that in BL cells LDH inhibition induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was not evidenced in proliferating normal lymphocytes. In BL cells treated with the association of cisplatin and LDH inhibitors, these ROS can be a further cause of DNA damage, to be added to that produced by cisplatin, leading to the failure of the response repair. At present LDH inhibitors suitable for clinical use are actively searched; our results can allow a better understanding of the potentiality of LDH as a possible target to develop innovative anticancer treatments.
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18
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Viedma-Rodríguez R, Ruiz Esparza-Garrido R, Baiza-Gutman LA, Velázquez-Flores MÁ, García-Carrancá A, Salamanca-Gómez F, Arenas-Aranda D. Involvement of multiple cellular pathways in regulating resistance to tamoxifen in BIK-suppressed MCF-7 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6991-7005. [PMID: 25861752 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Majority of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers initially respond to hormone therapies such as tamoxifen (TAM; antagonist of estrogen). However, many tumors eventually become resistant to TAM. Therefore, understanding the various cellular components involved in causing resistance to TAM is of paramount importance in designing novel entities for efficacious hormone therapy. Previously, we found that suppression of BIK gene expression induced TAM resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In order to understand the response of these cells to TAM and its association with resistance, a microarray analysis of gene expression was performed in the BIK-suppressed MCF-7 cells and compared it to the TAM-only-treated cells (controls). Several genes participating in various cellular pathways were identified. Molecules identified in the drug resistance pathway were 14-3-3z or YWHAZ, WEE1, PRKACA, NADK, and HSP90AA 1. Further, genes involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were also found differentially expressed in these cells. Transcriptional and translational analysis of key molecules such as STAT2, AKT 3, and 14-3-3z revealed similar changes at the messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as at the protein level. Importantly, there was no cytotoxic effect of TAM on BIK-suppressed MCF-7 cells. Further, these cells were not arrested at the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle although 30 % of BIK-suppressed cells were arrested at the G2 phase of the cycle on TAM treatment. Furthermore, we found a relevant interaction between 14-3-3z and WEE1, suggesting that the cytotoxic effect of TAM was prevented in BIK-suppressed cells because this interaction leads to transitory arrest in the G2 phase leading to the repair of damaged DNA and allowing the cells to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Proteómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana (UIMGH), Hospital, 06720, México, DF, México.
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-Iztacala), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM-México), Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, 54090, México, Estado de México, México.
| | - Ruth Ruiz Esparza-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Proteómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana (UIMGH), Hospital, 06720, México, DF, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Cátedras CONACYT, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor Del. Benito Juárez C, 03940, México, DF, México
| | - Luis Arturo Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-Iztacala), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM-México), Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, 54090, México, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Velázquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Proteómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana (UIMGH), Hospital, 06720, México, DF, México
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, México, DF, México
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Proteómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana (UIMGH), Hospital, 06720, México, DF, México
| | - Diego Arenas-Aranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Proteómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana (UIMGH), Hospital, 06720, México, DF, México
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