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Helm A, Fournier C. High-LET charged particles: radiobiology and application for new approaches in radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1225-1241. [PMID: 37872399 PMCID: PMC10674019 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients treated with charged-particle radiotherapy as well as the number of treatment centers is increasing worldwide, particularly regarding protons. However, high-linear energy transfer (LET) particles, mainly carbon ions, are of special interest for application in radiotherapy, as their special physical features result in high precision and hence lower toxicity, and at the same time in increased efficiency in cell inactivation in the target region, i.e., the tumor. The radiobiology of high-LET particles differs with respect to DNA damage repair, cytogenetic damage, and cell death type, and their increased LET can tackle cells' resistance to hypoxia. Recent developments and perspectives, e.g., the return of high-LET particle therapy to the US with a center planned at Mayo clinics, the application of carbon ion radiotherapy using cost-reducing cyclotrons and the application of helium is foreseen to increase the interest in this type of radiotherapy. However, further preclinical research is needed to better understand the differential radiobiological mechanisms as opposed to photon radiotherapy, which will help to guide future clinical studies for optimal exploitation of high-LET particle therapy, in particular related to new concepts and innovative approaches. Herein, we summarize the basics and recent progress in high-LET particle radiobiology with a focus on carbon ions and discuss the implications of current knowledge for charged-particle radiotherapy. We emphasize the potential of high-LET particles with respect to immunogenicity and especially their combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany.
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LIU F, WEI Y, WANG Z. β-D-Glucan promotes NF-κB activation and ameliorates high-LET carbon-ion irradiation-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1621-1634. [PMID: 38813508 PMCID: PMC10760591 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Heavy-ion irradiation seriously perturbs cellular homeostasis and thus damages cells. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in the pathological process of radiation damage. Protecting ECs from heavy-ion radiation is of great significance in the radioprotection of normal tissues. In this study, the radioprotective effect of β-D-glucan (BG) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (EA.hy926) cytotoxicity produced by carbon-ion irradiation was examined and the probable mechanism was established. Materials and methods EA.hy926 cells were divided into seven groups: a control group; 1, 2, or 4 Gy radiation; and 10 μg/mL BG pretreatment for 24 h before 1, 2, or 4 Gy irradiation. Cell survival was assessed by colony formation assay. Cell cycles, apoptosis, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured through flow cytometry. The level of malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities were analyzed using assay kits. The activation of NF-κB was analyzed using western blotting and a transcription factor assay kit. The expression of downstream target genes was detected by western blotting. Results BG pretreatment significantly increased the survival of irradiated cells, improved cell cycle progression, and decreased DNA damage and apoptosis. The levels of ROS and malondialdehyde were also decreased by BG. Further study indicated that BG increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, activated Src, and promoted NF-κB activation, especially for the p65, p50, and RelB subunits. The activated NF-κB upregulated the expression of antioxidant protein MnSOD, DNA damage-response and repair-related proteins BRCA2 and Hsp90α, and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that BG protects EA.hy926 cells from high linear-energy-transfer carbon-ion irradiation damage through the upregulation of prosurvival signaling triggered by the interaction of BG with its receptor. This confirms that BG is a promising radioprotective agent for heavy-ion exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang LIU
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R.
China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.
China
| | - Yanting WEI
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.
China
| | - Zhuanzi WANG
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.
China
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Hamada N. Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions. Radiat Res 2023; 200:188-216. [PMID: 37410098 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
For radiation protection purposes, noncancer effects with a threshold-type dose-response relationship have been classified as tissue reactions (formerly called nonstochastic or deterministic effects), and equivalent dose limits aim to prevent occurrence of such tissue reactions. Accumulating evidence demonstrates increased risks for several late occurring noncancer effects at doses and dose rates much lower than previously considered. In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued a statement on tissue reactions to recommend a threshold of 0.5 Gy to the lens of the eye for cataracts and to the heart and brain for diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), independent of dose rate. Literature published thereafter continues to provide updated knowledge. Increased risks for cataracts below 0.5 Gy have been reported in several cohorts (e.g., including in those receiving protracted or chronic exposures). A dose threshold for cataracts is less evident with longer follow-up, with limited evidence available for risk of cataract removal surgery. There is emerging evidence for risk of normal-tension glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but the long-held tenet that the lens represents among the most radiosensitive tissues in the eye and in the body seems to remain unchanged. For DCS, increased risks have been reported in various cohorts, but the existence or otherwise of a dose threshold is unclear. The level of risk is less uncertain at lower dose and lower dose rate, with the possibility that risk per unit dose is greater at lower doses and dose rates. Target organs and tissues for DCS are also unknown, but may include heart, large blood vessels and kidneys. Identification of potential factors (e.g., sex, age, lifestyle factors, coexposures, comorbidities, genetics and epigenetics) that may modify radiation risk of cataracts and DCS would be important. Other noncancer effects on the radar include neurological effects (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia) of which elevated risk has increasingly been reported. These late occurring noncancer effects tend to deviate from the definition of tissue reactions, necessitating more scientific developments to reconsider the radiation effect classification system and risk management. This paper gives an overview of historical developments made in ICRP prior to the 2011 statement and an update on relevant developments made since the 2011 ICRP statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, Japan
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Helm A, Totis C, Durante M, Fournier C. Are charged particles a good match for combination with immunotherapy? Current knowledge and perspectives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 376:1-36. [PMID: 36997266 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Charged particle radiotherapy, mainly using protons and carbon ions, provides physical characteristics allowing for a volume conformal irradiation and a reduction of the integral dose to normal tissue. Carbon ion therapy additionally features an increased biological effectiveness resulting in peculiar molecular effects. Immunotherapy, mostly performed with immune checkpoint inhibitors, is nowadays considered a pillar in cancer therapy. Based on the advantageous features of charged particle radiotherapy, we review pre-clinical evidence revealing a strong potential of its combination with immunotherapy. We argue that the combination therapy deserves further investigation with the aim of translation in clinics, where a few studies have been set up already.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Totis
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
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More efficient induction of genotoxicity by high-LET Fe-particle radiation than low-LET X-ray radiation at low doses. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Bagatir G, Kaya M, Suer I, Cefle K, Palanduz A, Palanduz S, Becerir HB, Koçyiğit M, Ozturk S. The effect of Anzer honey on X-ray induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes: An in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2241-2250. [PMID: 35170166 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anzer honey is well known in Turkey and used for its medicinal properties, especially for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, ulcers and cancer. In this study, we investigated whether Anzer honey, which is shown to have antioxidant, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory properties, has a protective effect against X-ray induced genotoxic damage by cytogenetic methods. Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from 20 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups and cultivated by conventional methods. Study group lymphocytes were treated with 10% diluted honey while those in the control group were not. Both groups were exposed to a high dose (2 Gy) X-ray at the 48th hour of culture. Conventional cytogenetic staining and Giemsa banding methods were applied to evaluate chromosomal breakage and ring formation. Micronucleus frequencies were determined by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Paired sample t test was used to compare groups. Anzer honey, which was analyzed melissopalynologically, was used. Micronucleus frequency was significantly decreased in the study group (CI = 348.75 ± 31, median 326, min. 98, max. 704) compared to the control group (CI = 489.10 ± 27, median 500, min. 216, max. 645) (p = .001). Chromosomal breakage was also significantly decreased in the study group (CI = 118.70 ± 16, median 109, min. 12, max. 316) compared to the control group (CI = 233.60 ± 25, median 225, min. 65, max. 492) (p < .0001). This is the first study indicating that genotoxic damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers induced by X-radiation may be prevented or alleviated by adding Anzer honey in vitro. These results encourage further research about the protective effects of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Bagatir
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Suer
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kıvanc Cefle
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Palanduz
- Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mine Koçyiğit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozturk
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kang S, Guo Z, Zhao F, Song L, Lu L, Wang C, Liu Z, Zhao J. Lanzhou Lily polysaccharide fragment protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221140110. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is widely used in the treatment of tumors. However, while killing tumor cells, radiation may also cause damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, it is very important to find safe and effective radiation protection agents. Purpose To investgate the radiation protection effect of Lanzhou Lily polysaccharide fragments (LLP). Methods: The crude polysaccharides of Lanzhou Lily were extracted from the dried bulb powder of Lilium lilium by ultrasonic-assisted hot water method, and then five different fragments were separated from the polysaccharides by DEAE-52-cellulose column. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, neutral comet and immunofluorescent staining were used to investigate the effect of LPe fragment on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) survival and the possible radioprotective mechanism. Results The LPe fragment (composing of mannose and glucose, with a ratio of 5.5:2.9, and the average molecular weight is 8629.8 Da), significantly promoted the proliferation of HUVECs and protected cells from X-ray-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, in which pretreatment with the LPe fragment at 100 μg/mL showed the most pronounced protection. In addition, the occurrence of X-ray-induced γH2AX foci was significantly reduced by treatment with the LPe fragment at 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL. Furthermore, caffeine or wortmannin in combination with the LPe fragment at 25 μg/mL significantly reduced the number of X-ray-induced γH2AX foci, indicating phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) is involved in H2AX phosphorylation in HUVECs. Conclusion These results indicate the LPe fragment has a protective effect against radiation-induced DSBs and may be used as a natural antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z Guo
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - F Zhao
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - L Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - L Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - C Wang
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - J Zhao
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Ben Kacem M, Benadjaoud MA, Dos Santos M, Buard V, Tarlet G, Le Guen B, François A, Guipaud O, Milliat F, Paget V. Variation of 4 MV X-ray dose rate in fractionated irradiation strongly impacts biological endothelial cell response in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:50-59. [PMID: 34705615 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Even though X-ray beams are widely used in medical diagnosis or radiotherapy, the comparisons of their dose rates are scarce. We have recently demonstrated in vitro (clonogenic assay, cell viability, cell cycle, senescence) and in vivo (weight follow-up of animals and bordering epithelium staining of lesion), that for a single dose of irradiation, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) deviates from 1 (up to twofold greater severe damage at the highest dose rate depending on the assay) when increasing the dose rate of high energy X-ray beams. MATERIAL AND METHODS To further investigate the impact of the dose rate on RBE, in this study, we performed in vitro fractionated irradiations by using the same two dose rates (0.63 and 2.5 Gy.min-1) of high-energy X-rays (both at 4 MV) on normal endothelial cells (HUVECs). We investigated the viability/mortality, characterized radiation-induced senescence by using flow cytometry and measured gene analysis deregulations on custom arrays. RESULTS The overall results enlighten that, in fractionated irradiations when varying the dose rate of high-energy X-rays, the RBE of photons deviates from 1 (up to 2.86 for viability/mortality experiments performed 21 days postirradiation). CONCLUSION These results strengthen the interest of multiparametric analysis approaches in providing an accurate evaluation of the outcomes of irradiated cells in support of clonogenic assays, especially when such assays are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ben Kacem
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed A Benadjaoud
- Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of Radiobiology of Accidental exposures (LRAcc), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - A François
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - O Guipaud
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - F Milliat
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Cai TJ, Li S, Lu X, Zhang CF, Yuan JL, Zhang QZ, Tian XL, Lian DX, Li MS, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhao H, Niu LM, Tian M, Hou CS, Liu QJ. Dose-effect relationships of 12C 6+ ions-induced dicentric plus ring chromosomes, micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridges in human lymphocytes in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:657-663. [PMID: 33704009 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to explore the dose-effect relationships of dicentric plus ring (dic + r), micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) induced by carbon ions in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from three healthy donors. 12C6+ ions beam was used to irradiate the blood samples at the energy of 330 MeV and linear energy transfer (LET) of 50 keV/μm with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min in the spread-out Bragg peak. The irradiated doses were 0 (sham irradiation), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Gy. Dic + r chromosomes aberrations were scored in metaphases. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) was conducted to analyze MN and NPB. The maximum low-dose relative biological effectiveness (RBEM) values of the induction of dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes for 12C6+ ions irradiation was calculated relative to 60Co γ-rays. RESULTS The frequencies of dic + r, MN and NPB showed significantly increases in a dose-depended manner after exposure to 12C6+ ions. The distributions of dic + r and MN exhibited overdispersion, while the distribution of NPB agreed with Poisson distribution at all doses. Linear-quadratic equations were established based on the frequencies of dic + r and MN. The dose-response curves of NPB frequencies followed a linear model. The derived RBEM values for dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes irradiated with 12C6+ ions were 8.07 ± 2.73, 2.69 ± 0.20 and 4.00 ± 2.69 in comparison with 60Co γ-rays. CONCLUSION The dose-response curves of carbon ions-induced dic + r, MN and NPB were constructed. These results could be helpful to improve radiation risk assessment and dose estimation after exposed to carbon ions irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Fei Zhang
- Central Medical District of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Long Yuan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - De-Xing Lian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Mei Niu
- Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Song Hou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
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Marcus D, Lieverse RIY, Klein C, Abdollahi A, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Charged Particle and Conventional Radiotherapy: Current Implications as Partner for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1468. [PMID: 33806808 PMCID: PMC8005048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to interfere with inflammatory signals and to enhance tumor immunogenicity via, e.g., immunogenic cell death, thereby potentially augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. Conventional RT consists predominantly of high energy photon beams. Hypofractionated RT regimens administered, e.g., by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), are increasingly investigated in combination with cancer immunotherapy within clinical trials. Despite intensive preclinical studies, the optimal dose per fraction and dose schemes for elaboration of RT induced immunogenic potential remain inconclusive. Compared to the scenario of combined immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and RT, multimodal therapies utilizing other immunotherapy principles such as adoptive transfer of immune cells, vaccination strategies, targeted immune-cytokines and agonists are underrepresented in both preclinical and clinical settings. Despite the clinical success of ICI and RT combination, e.g., prolonging overall survival in locally advanced lung cancer, curative outcomes are still not achieved for most cancer entities studied. Charged particle RT (PRT) has gained interest as it may enhance tumor immunogenicity compared to conventional RT due to its unique biological and physical properties. However, whether PRT in combination with immune therapy will elicit superior antitumor effects both locally and systemically needs to be further investigated. In this review, the immunological effects of RT in the tumor microenvironment are summarized to understand their implications for immunotherapy combinations. Attention will be given to the various immunotherapeutic interventions that have been co-administered with RT so far. Furthermore, the theoretical basis and first evidences supporting a favorable immunogenicity profile of PRT will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiënne Marcus
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Relinde I. Y. Lieverse
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Carmen Klein
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.K.); (A.A.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 222, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.K.); (A.A.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 222, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
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Babini G, Tanno B, De Stefano I, Giardullo P, Leonardi S, Pasquali E, Baiocco G, Ottolenghi A, Mancuso M. BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF DOSE- AND TIME-DEPENDENT miRNome RESPONSES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:151-155. [PMID: 30520994 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The advent of new 'omics' techniques determined a massive boost in the measurement of the whole spectra of molecules within cells, favoring promising new radiobiological studies at low doses. The main aim of this work was to assess the radiation-induced perturbations of miRNA profiles and their temporal dynamics. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells were irradiated with low doses of γ-rays. At different time points post-irradiation, cells were harvested and miRNAs isolated. A full mapping of the miRNA sequences via Next-Generation-Sequencing analysis was performed followed by bioinformatic analyses. Pathway enrichment analyses on the differentially expressed miRNAs focused both on the averaged effects of different doses over the 24-h experiment and on the altered temporal dynamics of the miRNA profiles. These complementary analyses provided a picture of the dose- and time-dependent miRNAs responses, allowing to better explore the candidate biomarkers linked to radiation exposures and their corresponding pathways and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Babini
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Tanno
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - I De Stefano
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - P Giardullo
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - E Pasquali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - G Baiocco
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Ottolenghi
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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12
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Baselet B, Sonveaux P, Baatout S, Aerts A. Pathological effects of ionizing radiation: endothelial activation and dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:699-728. [PMID: 30377700 PMCID: PMC6514067 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, a tissue that forms a single layer of cells lining various organs and cavities of the body, especially the heart and blood as well as lymphatic vessels, plays a complex role in vascular biology. It contributes to key aspects of vascular homeostasis and is also involved in pathophysiological processes, such as thrombosis, inflammation, and hypertension. Epidemiological data show that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to cardiovascular disease over time. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on endothelial cell activation and dysfunction after ionizing radiation exposure as a central feature preceding the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.
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13
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Helm A, Ebner DK, Tinganelli W, Simoniello P, Bisio A, Marchesano V, Durante M, Yamada S, Shimokawa T. Combining Heavy-Ion Therapy with Immunotherapy: An Update on Recent Developments. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:84-93. [PMID: 31773022 PMCID: PMC6871592 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and case reports of cancer therapies combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy have at times demonstrated total reduction or elimination of metastatic disease. While virtually all trials focus on the use of immunotherapy combined with conventional photon irradiation, the dose-distributive benefits of particles, in particular the distinct biological effects of heavy ions, have unknown potential vis-a-vis systemic disease response. Here, we review recent developments and evidence with a focus on the potential for heavy-ion combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniel K. Ebner
- Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchesano
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Durante M, Formenti SC. Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations and Immunotherapy: Micronuclei, Cytosolic DNA, and Interferon-Production Pathway. Front Oncol 2018; 8:192. [PMID: 29911071 PMCID: PMC5992419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations represent an early marker of late effects, including cell killing and transformation. The measurement of cytogenetic damage in tissues, generally in blood lymphocytes, from patients treated with radiotherapy has been studied for many years to predict individual sensitivity and late morbidity. Acentric fragments are lost during mitosis and create micronuclei (MN), which are well correlated to cell killing. Immunotherapy is rapidly becoming a most promising new strategy for metastatic tumors, and combination with radiotherapy is explored in several pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Recent evidence has shown that the presence of cytosolic DNA activates immune response via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes pathway, which induces type I interferon transcription. Cytosolic DNA can be found after exposure to ionizing radiation either as MN or as small fragments leaking through nuclear envelope ruptures. The study of the dependence of cytosolic DNA and MN on dose and radiation quality can guide the optimal combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The role of densely ionizing charged particles is under active investigation to define their impact on the activation of the interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental and Applied Physics (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Guipaud O, Jaillet C, Clément-Colmou K, François A, Supiot S, Milliat F. The importance of the vascular endothelial barrier in the immune-inflammatory response induced by radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170762. [PMID: 29630386 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered by ionising radiation, the vascular network is considered as a prime target to limit normal tissue damage and improve tumour control in radiotherapy (RT). Irradiation damages and/or activates endothelial cells, which then participate in the recruitment of circulating cells, especially by overexpressing cell adhesion molecules, but also by other as yet unknown mechanisms. Radiation-induced lesions are associated with infiltration of immune-inflammatory cells from the blood and/or the lymph circulation. Damaged cells from the tissues and immune-inflammatory resident cells release factors that attract cells from the circulation, leading to the restoration of tissue balance by fighting against infection, elimination of damaged cells and healing of the injured area. In normal tissues that surround the tumours, the development of an immune-inflammatory reaction in response to radiation-induced tissue injury can turn out to be chronic and deleterious for the organ concerned, potentially leading to fibrosis and/or necrosis of the irradiated area. Similarly, tumours can elicit an immune-inflammation reaction, which can be initialised and amplified by cancer therapy such as radiotherapy, although immune checkpoints often allow many cancers to be protected by inhibiting the T-cell signal. Herein, we have explored the involvement of vascular endothelium in the fate of healthy tissues and tumours undergoing radiotherapy. This review also covers current investigations that take advantage of the radiation-induced response of the vasculature to spare healthy tissue and/or target tumours better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Guipaud
- 1 Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Cyprien Jaillet
- 1 Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Karen Clément-Colmou
- 2 Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest , Nantes St-Herblain , France.,3 Oncology and New Concept in Oncology Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCiNA), Unité U1232, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Agnès François
- 1 Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- 2 Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest , Nantes St-Herblain , France.,3 Oncology and New Concept in Oncology Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCiNA), Unité U1232, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- 1 Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
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16
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Sylvester CB, Abe JI, Patel ZS, Grande-Allen KJ. Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Importance of Linear Energy Transfer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 29445728 PMCID: PMC5797745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) in the form of photons and protons is a well-established treatment for cancer. More recently, heavy charged particles have been used to treat radioresistant and high-risk cancers. Radiation treatment is known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) which can occur acutely during treatment or years afterward in the form of accelerated atherosclerosis. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (RICVD) can be a limiting factor in treatment as well as a cause of morbidity and mortality in successfully treated patients. Inflammation plays a key role in both acute and chronic RICVD, but the underling pathophysiology is complex, involving DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and chronic inflammation. While understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RICVD has increased, the growing number of patients receiving RT warrants further research to identify individuals at risk, plans for prevention, and targets for the treatment of RICVD. Research on RICVD is also relevant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) due to the prevalent space radiation environment encountered by astronauts. NASA's current research on RICVD can both contribute to and benefit from concurrent work with cell and animal studies informing radiotoxicities resulting from cancer therapy. This review summarizes the types of radiation currently in clinical use, models of RICVD, current knowledge of the mechanisms by which they cause CVD, and how this knowledge might apply to those exposed to various types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zarana S Patel
- Science and Space Operations, KBRwyle, Houston, TX, United States
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Abstract
National space agencies and private corporations aim at an extended presence of humans in space in the medium to long term. Together with currently suboptimal technology, microgravity and cosmic rays raise health concerns about deep-space exploration missions. Both of these physical factors affect the cardiovascular system, whose gravity-dependence is pronounced. Heart and vascular function are, therefore, susceptible to substantial changes in weightlessness. The altered cardiovascular function in space causes physiological problems in the postflight period. A compromised cardiovascular system can be excessively vulnerable to space radiation, synergistically resulting in increased damage. The space radiation dose is significantly lower than in patients undergoing radiotherapy, in whom cardiac damage is well-documented following cancer therapy in the thoracic region. Nevertheless, epidemiological findings suggest an increased risk of late cardiovascular disease even with low doses of radiation. Moreover, the peculiar biological effectiveness of heavy ions in cosmic rays might increase this risk substantially. However, whether radiation-induced cardiovascular effects have a threshold at low doses is still unclear. The main countermeasures to mitigate the effect of the space environment on cardiac function are physical exercise, antioxidants, nutraceuticals, and radiation shielding.
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18
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Baselet B, Azimzadeh O, Erbeldinger N, Bakshi MV, Dettmering T, Janssen A, Ktitareva S, Lowe DJ, Michaux A, Quintens R, Raj K, Durante M, Fournier C, Benotmane MA, Baatout S, Sonveaux P, Tapio S, Aerts A. Differential Impact of Single-Dose Fe Ion and X-Ray Irradiation on Endothelial Cell Transcriptomic and Proteomic Responses. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:570. [PMID: 28993729 PMCID: PMC5622284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Radiotherapy is an essential tool for cancer treatment. In order to spare normal tissues and to reduce the risk of normal tissue complications, particle therapy is a method of choice. Although a large part of healthy tissues can be spared due to improved depth dose characteristics, little is known about the biological and molecular mechanisms altered after particle irradiation in healthy tissues. Elucidation of these effects is also required in the context of long term space flights, as particle radiation is the main contributor to the radiation effects observed in space. Endothelial cells (EC), forming the inner layer of all vascular structures, are especially sensitive to irradiation and, if damaged, contribute to radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: Transcriptomics, proteomics and cytokine analyses were used to compare the response of ECs irradiated or not with a single 2 Gy dose of X-rays or Fe ions measured one and 7 days post-irradiation. To support the observed inflammatory effects, monocyte adhesion on ECs was also assessed. Results: Experimental data indicate time- and radiation quality-dependent changes of the EC response to irradiation. The irradiation impact was more pronounced and longer lasting for Fe ions than for X-rays. Both radiation qualities decreased the expression of genes involved in cell-cell adhesion and enhanced the expression of proteins involved in caveolar mediated endocytosis signaling. Endothelial inflammation and adhesiveness were increased with X-rays, but decreased after Fe ion exposure. Conclusions: Fe ions induce pro-atherosclerotic processes in ECs that are different in nature and kinetics than those induced by X-rays, highlighting radiation quality-dependent differences which can be linked to the induction and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our findings give a better understanding of the underlying processes triggered by particle irradiation in ECs, a crucial aspect for the development of protective measures for cancer patients undergoing particle therapy and for astronauts in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium.,Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental HealthMunich, Germany
| | - Nadine Erbeldinger
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion ResearchDarmstadt, Germany.,Technical University DarmstadtDarmstadt, Germany
| | - Mayur V Bakshi
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental HealthMunich, Germany
| | - Till Dettmering
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion ResearchDarmstadt, Germany
| | - Ann Janssen
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Donna J Lowe
- Department of Radiation Effects, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health EnglandDidcot, United Kingdom
| | - Arlette Michaux
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Raj
- Department of Radiation Effects, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health EnglandDidcot, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion ResearchDarmstadt, Germany.,Technical University DarmstadtDarmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental HealthMunich, Germany
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN)Mol, Belgium
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19
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The relationship of micronucleus frequency and nuclear division index with coronary artery disease SYNTAX and Gensini scores. Anatol J Cardiol 2017; 17:483-489. [PMID: 28315571 PMCID: PMC5477082 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2017.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship of micronucleus (MN) frequency and nuclear division index (NDI) with SYNTAX and Gensini scores and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts of coronary arteries in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: In a single-center prospective observational study, a total of 63 individuals, 48 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 15 healthy people were included. Before coronary angiography (exposure to X-ray), blood samples were collected for lymphocyte cultures, MN and NDI measurements. According to the SYNTAX and Gensini scores, patients were allocated into two groups. Group 1 and 2 included the patients with SYNTAX scores <22 and ≥22 points, respectively. Similarly, groups according to Gensini scores included the ones <23 and ≥23 points. MN test was used for in vitro studies in human peripheral lymphocytes. Binucleated lymphocytes were calculated for each patient. Results: MN frequency was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 and in group 1 than control group (p<0.001). NDI was significantly higher in control group than group 1 and in group 1 than group 2 (p=0.003). MN frequency had positive but moderate correlation with SYNTAX and Gensini scores and TFCs of left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex and right coronary arteries (r=0.394, p=0.003; r=0.458, p<0.001; r=0.425, p<0.001; r=0.469, p<0.001; and r=0.475, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: We can conclude that as the degree of atherosclerosis increases and coronary flow worsens, MN frequency increases and NDI decreases. Our results may help to elucidate the relationship of DNA damage in pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with stable CAD.
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Li Y, Li J, Huang H, Yang M, Zhuang D, Cheng X, Zhang H, Fu X. Microcystin-LR induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:633-640. [PMID: 27446254 PMCID: PMC4950845 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and to explore the mechanism of MC-LR-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. HBE cells were treated with MC-LR (1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml) alone or with MC-LR (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/ml) and Z-VAD-FMK (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 µM), which is a caspase inhibitor, for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed via an MTT assay and the half maximal effective concentration of MC-LR was determined. The optimal concentration of Z-VAD-FMK was established as 50 µm, which was then used in the subsequent experiments. MC-LR significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by an Annexin V/propidium iodide assay. MC-LR induced cell apoptosis, excess reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, upregulated Bax expression and downregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in HBE cells. Moreover, western blot analysis demonstrated that MC-LR increased the activity levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and induced cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, suggesting that MC-LR-induced apoptosis is associated with the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK reduced MC-LR-induced apoptosis by blocking caspase activation in HBE cells. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that MC-LR is capable of significantly inhibiting the viability of HBE cells by inducing apoptosis in a mitochondria-dependent manner. The present study provides a foundation for further understanding the mechanism underlying the toxicity of MC-LR in the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Henan Science and Technology Exchange Center with Foreign Countries, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donggang Zhuang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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