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Maas M, Todenhöfer T, Black PC. Urine biomarkers in bladder cancer - current status and future perspectives. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:597-614. [PMID: 37225864 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Urine markers to detect bladder cancer have been the subject of research for decades. The idea that urine - being in continuous contact with tumour tissue - should provide a vector of tumour information remains an attractive concept. Research on this topic has resulted in a complex landscape of many different urine markers with varying degrees of clinical validation. These markers range from cell-based assays to proteins, transcriptomic markers and genomic signatures, with a clear trend towards multiplex assays. Unfortunately, the number of different urine markers and the efforts in research and development of clinical grade assays are not reflected in the use of these markers in clinical practice, which is currently limited. Numerous prospective trials are in progress with the aim of increasing the quality of evidence about urinary biomarkers in bladder cancer to achieve guideline implementation. The current research landscape suggests a division of testing approaches. Some efforts are directed towards addressing the limitations of current assays to improve the performance of urine markers for a straightforward detection of bladder cancer. Additionally, comprehensive genetic analyses are emerging based on advances in next-generation sequencing and are expected to substantially affect the potential application of urine markers in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Maas
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Clinical Trials Unit Studienpraxis Urologie, Nürtingen, Germany
- Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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2
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Jo D, Lim YH, Jung YS, Kim YK, Song J. Circular RNA Tmcc1 improves astrocytic glutamate metabolism and spatial memory via NF-κB and CREB signaling in a bile duct ligation mouse model: transcriptional and cellular analyses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:121. [PMID: 37217942 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy-induced hyperammonemia alters astrocytic glutamate metabolism in the brain, which is involved in cognitive decline. To identify specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, various molecular signaling studies, such as non-coding RNA functional study, have been conducted. However, despite several reports of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the brain, few studies of circRNAs in hepatic encephalopathy-induced neuropathophysiological diseases have been conducted. METHODS In this study, we performed RNA sequencing to identify whether the candidate circRNA cirTmcc1 is specifically expressed in the brain cortex in a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy. RESULTS Based on transcriptional and cellular analysis, we investigated the circTmcc1-dysregulation-induced changes in the expression of several genes that are associated with intracellular metabolism and astrocyte function. We found that the circTmcc1 binds with the NF-κB p65-CREB transcriptional complex and regulates the expression of the astrocyte transporter EAAT2. Furthermore, circTmcc1 contributed to the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and glutamate metabolism in astrocytes and subsequently modulated an improvement in spatial memory by mediating neuronal synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Thus, circTmcc1 may be a promising circRNA candidate for targeted interventions to prevent and treat the neuropathophysiological complications that occur due to hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Jeollanam-Do, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Jeollanam-Do, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Jeollanam-Do, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Combined exome and transcriptome sequencing of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: associations between genomic changes, expression subtypes, and clinical outcomes. Genome Med 2022; 14:59. [PMID: 35655252 PMCID: PMC9164468 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-quarters of bladder cancer patients present with early-stage disease (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC, UICC TNM stages Ta, T1 and Tis); however, most next-generation sequencing studies to date have concentrated on later-stage disease (muscle-invasive BC, stages T2+). We used exome and transcriptome sequencing to comprehensively characterise NMIBCs of all grades and stages to identify prognostic genes and pathways that could facilitate treatment decisions. Tumour grading is based upon microscopy and cellular appearances (grade 1 BCs are less aggressive, and grade 3 BCs are most aggressive), and we chose to also focus on the most clinically complex NMIBC subgroup, those patients with grade 3 pathological stage T1 (G3 pT1) disease. METHODS Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were performed in total on 96 primary NMIBCs including 22 G1 pTa, 14 G3 pTa and 53 G3 pT1s, with both exome and RNA sequencing data generated from 75 of these individual samples. Associations between genomic alterations, expression profiles and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated. RESULTS NMIBCs clustered into 3 expression subtypes with different somatic alteration characteristics. Amplifications of ARNT and ERBB2 were significant indicators of worse PFS across all NMIBCs. High APOBEC mutagenesis and high tumour mutation burden were both potential indicators of better PFS in G3pT1 NMIBCs. The expression of individual genes was not prognostic in BCG-treated G3pT1 NMIBCs; however, downregulated interferon-alpha and gamma response pathways were significantly associated with worse PFS (adjusted p-value < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Multi-omic data may facilitate better prognostication and selection of therapeutic interventions in patients with G3pT1 NMIBC. These findings demonstrate the potential for improving the management of high-risk NMIBC patients and warrant further prospective validation.
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4
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 21:159-176. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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Yuan S, Zheng P, Sun X, Zeng J, Cao W, Gao W, Wang Y, Wang L. Hsa_Circ_0001860 Promotes Smad7 to Enhance MPA Resistance in Endometrial Cancer via miR-520h. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:738189. [PMID: 34912799 PMCID: PMC8666979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is one of the most commonly prescribed progestin for the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC). Despite initial benefits, many patients ultimately develop progesterone resistance. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of noncoding RNA, contributing greatly to the development of human tumor. However, the role of circular RNA in MPA resistance is unknown. Methods: We explored the expression profile of circRNAs in Ishikawa cells treated with (ISK/MPA) or without MPA (ISK) by RNA sequencing, and identified a key circRNA, hsa_circ_0001860. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify its expression in MPA-resistant cell lines and tissues. CCK8, Transwell, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the functional roles of hsa_circ_0001860 in MPA resistance. The interaction between hsa_circ_0001860 and miR-520 h was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA pull-down assay. Results: The expression of hsa_circ_0001860 was significantly downregulated in MPA-resistant cell lines and tissues, and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade of EC. Functional analysis showed that hsa_circ_0001860 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) promoted the proliferation, inhibited the apoptosis of Ishikawa cells, and promoted the migration and invasion of Ishikawa cells treated with MPA. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001860 promoted Smad7 expression by sponging miR-520 h. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0001860 plays an important role in the development of MPA resistance in EC through miR-520h/Smad7 axis, and it could be targeted to reverse the MPA resistance in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Panchan Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Judan Zeng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjiao Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuyuan Gao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Papaspyropoulos A, Hazapis O, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Papanastasiou AD, Liontos M, Gorgoulis VG, Kotsinas A. The Role of Circular RNAs in DNA Damage Response and Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215352. [PMID: 34771517 PMCID: PMC8582540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) comprise a distinct class of non-coding RNAs that are abundantly expressed in the cell. CircRNAs have the capacity to regulate gene expression by interacting with regulatory proteins and/or other classes of RNAs. While a vast number of circRNAs have been discovered, the majority still remains poorly characterized. Particularly, there is no detailed information on the identity and functional role of circRNAs that are transcribed from genes encoding components of the DNA damage response and repair (DDRR) network. In this article, we not only review the available published information on DDRR-related circRNAs, but also conduct a bioinformatic analysis on data obtained from public repositories to uncover deposited, yet uncharacterized circRNAs derived from components of the DDRR network. Finally, we interrogate for potential targets that are regulated by this class of molecules and look into potential functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orsalia Hazapis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Anastasios D. Papanastasiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, GR-12462 Athens, Greece;
- Histopathology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, GR-16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2352 (V.G.G.); +30-210-746-2420 (A.K.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2352 (V.G.G.); +30-210-746-2420 (A.K.)
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7
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Humayun-Zakaria N, Ward DG, Arnold R, Bryan RT. Trends in urine biomarker discovery for urothelial bladder cancer: DNA, RNA, or protein? Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2787-2808. [PMID: 34295762 PMCID: PMC8261432 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer is a complex disease displaying a landscape of heterogenous molecular subtypes, mutation profiles and clinical presentations. Diagnosis and surveillance rely on flexible cystoscopy which has high accuracy, albeit accompanied by a high-cost burden for healthcare providers and discomfort for patients. Advances in "omic" technologies and computational biology have provided insights into the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer and provided powerful tools to identify markers for disease detection, risk stratification, and predicting responses to therapy. To date, numerous attempts have been made to discover and validate diagnostic biomarkers that could be deployed as an adjunct to the cystoscopic diagnosis and long-term surveillance of bladder cancer. We report a comprehensive literature analysis using PubMed to assess the changing trends in investigating DNA, RNA, or proteins as diagnostic urinary biomarkers over a period of 5 decades: 1970-2020. A gradual shift has been observed in research away from protein biomarkers to nucleic acids including different classes of RNA, and DNA methylation and mutation markers. Until 2000, publications involving protein biomarker discovery constituted 87% of the total number of research articles with DNA comprising 6% and RNA 7%. Since 2000 the proportion of protein biomarker articles has fallen to 40%, and DNA and RNA studies increased to 32% and 28%, respectively. Clearly research focus, perhaps driven by technological innovation, has shifted from proteins to nucleic acids. We optimistically hypothesise that, following thorough validation, a clinically useful detection test for bladder cancer based on a panel of DNA or RNA markers could become reality within 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Humayun-Zakaria
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Dowell AC, Munford H, Goel A, Gordon NS, James ND, Cheng KK, Zeegers MP, Ward DG, Bryan RT. PD-L2 Is Constitutively Expressed in Normal and Malignant Urothelium. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626748. [PMID: 33718196 PMCID: PMC7951139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint blockade, in particular PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, is now commonplace in many clinical settings including the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Notwithstanding, little information exists regarding the expression of the alternative PD-1 ligand, PD-L2 in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). We therefore set out to characterise the expression of PD-L2 in comparison to PD-L1. Firstly, we assessed PD-L2 expression by immunohistochemistry and found widespread expression of PD-L2 in UBC, albeit with reduced expression in MIBC. We further investigated these findings using RNA-seq data from a cohort of 575 patients demonstrating that PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2) is widely expressed in UBC and correlated with CD274 (PD-L1). However, in contrast to our immunohistochemistry findings, expression was significantly increased in advanced disease. We have also provided detailed evidence of constitutive PD-L2 expression in normal urothelium and propose a mechanism by which PD-L2 is cleaved from the cell surface in MIBC. These data provide a comprehensive assessment of PD-L2 in UBC, showing PD-L2 is abundant in UBC and, importantly, constitutively present in normal urothelium. These data have implications for future development of immune checkpoint blockade, and also the understanding of the function of the immune system in the normal urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Dowell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anshita Goel
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naheema S Gordon
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D James
- Prostate and Bladder Cancer Research Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - K K Cheng
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Wang F, Fan M, Cai Y, Zhou X, Tai S, Yu Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang S, He N, Hu Z, Jin X. Circular RNA circRIMS1 Acts as a Sponge of miR-433-3p to Promote Bladder Cancer Progression by Regulating CCAR1 Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:815-831. [PMID: 33230478 PMCID: PMC7658378 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of noncoding RNAs, are reportedly involved in the progression of various diseases. However, the exact role of circRIMS1, also termed hsa_circ_0132246, in human bladder cancer remains unknown. By performing RNA sequencing comparing bladder cell lines and normal uroepithelial cells, circRIMS1 was selected as a research object. We further verified by qRT-PCR that circRIMS1 is upregulated in both bladder cancer tissue and cell lines. Proliferation, colony-formation, Transwell migration, invasion, apoptosis, western blotting, and in vivo experiments were utilized to clarify the roles of circRIMS1, microRNA (miR)-433-3p, and cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1). For mechanistic investigation, RNA pulldown, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of circRIMS1 with miR-433-3p. Inhibition of circRIMS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the circRIMS1/miR-433-3p/CCAR1 regulatory axis was confirmed to be responsible for the biological functions of circRIMS1. Taken together, our research demonstrated that circRIMS1 promotes tumor growth, migration, and invasion through the miR-433-3p/CCAR1 regulatory axis, representing a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Mengjing Fan
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | - Yueshu Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Shengcheng Tai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Department of Urology, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | - Hongshen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Shihan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Corresponding author: Xiaodong Jin, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
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