1
|
Bartolini D, Grignano MA, Piroddi M, Chiaradia E, Galeazzi G, Rende M, Ronco C, Rampino T, Libetta C, Galli F. Induction of Vesicular Trafficking and JNK-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling in Mononuclear Leukocytes Marks the Immuno-Proteostasis Response to Uremic Proteins. Blood Purif 2023; 52:737-750. [PMID: 37703866 DOI: 10.1159/000533309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uremic retention solutes have been alleged to induce the apoptotic program of different cell types, including peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL), which may contribute to uremic leukopenia and immune dysfunction. METHODS The molecular effects of these solutes were investigated in uremic PBL (u-PBL) and mononuclear cell lines (THP-1 and K562) exposed to the high molecular weight fraction of uremic plasma (u-HMW) prepared by in vitro ultrafiltration with 50 kDa cut-off microconcentrators. RESULTS u-PBL show reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic death compared to healthy control PBL (c-PBL). u-HMW induce apoptosis both in u-PBL and c-PBL, as well as in mononuclear cell lines, also stimulating cellular H2O2 formation and secretion, IRE1-α-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, and JNK/cJun pathway activation. Also, u-HMW induce autophagy in THP-1 monocytes. u-PBL were characterized by the presence in their cellular proteome of the main proteins and carbonylation targets of u-HMW, namely albumin, transferrin, and fibrinogen, and by the increased expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products, a scavenger receptor with promiscuous ligand binding properties involved in leukocyte activation and endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Large uremic solutes induce abnormal endocytosis and terminal alteration of cellular proteostasis mechanisms in PBL, including UPR/ER stress response and autophagy, ultimately activating the JNK-mediated apoptotic signaling of these cells. These findings describe the suicidal role of immune cells in facing systemic proteostasis alterations of kidney disease patients, a process that we define as the immuno-proteostasis response of uremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Perugia, Italy
- Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Grignano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Piroddi
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Galeazzi
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, Mulin Montechiari Machado JA, Sinoti SBP, Toullec AS, Rodrigues PM, Neves FDAR, Simeoni LA, Silveira D, Prieto JM. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826395. [PMID: 36278236 PMCID: PMC9579425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants species from European -such as Artemisia absinthium, Equisetum arvense, Lamium album, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Passiflora incarnata, Frangula purshiana, and Salix alba- as well as Latin American traditions -such as Libidibia ferrea, Bidens pilosa, Casearia sylvestris, Costus spicatus, Monteverdia ilicifolia, Persea americana, Schinus terebinthifolia, Solidago chilensis, Syzygium cumini, Handroanthus impetiginosus, and Vernonanthura phosphorica- are shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, they lack many data on their action upon some key ADME targets. In this study, we assess non-toxic concentrations (up to100 μg/ml) of their infusions for in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). We further investigated the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate L. ferrea, C. sylvestris, M. ilicifolia, P. americana, S. terebinthifolia, S. cumini, V. phosphorica, E. arvense, P. incarnata, F. purshiana, and S. alba can significantly increase CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression in HepG2 cells. Only F. purshiana shown to do so likely via hPXR activation. P-gp activity was affected by L. ferrea, F. purshiana, S. terebinthifolia, and S. cumini. Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to all extracts except S. alba and S. cumini This was accompanied by a lower GGT activity in the case of C. spicatus, P. americana, S. alba, and S. terebinthifolia, whilst L. ferrea, P. incarnata and F. purshiana increased it. Surprisingly, S. cumini aqueous extract drastically decreased GGT activity (−48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines causes in vitro disturbances to key drug metabolism mechanisms. We recommend active pharmacovigilance for Libidibia ferrea (Mart.) L. P. Queiroz, Frangula purshiana Cooper, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, and Salix alba L. which were able to alter all targets in our preclinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flora Aparecida Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | | | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | - Jose Maria Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
How Aging and Oxidative Stress Influence the Cytopathic and Inflammatory Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Role of Cellular Glutathione and Cysteine Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071366. [PMID: 35883857 PMCID: PMC9311797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a severe respiratory distress syndrome with inflammatory and thrombotic complications, the severity of which increases with patients’ age and presence of comorbidity. The reasons for an age-dependent increase in the risk of severe COVID-19 could be many. These include defects in the homeostatic processes that control the cellular redox and its pivotal role in sustaining the immuno-inflammatory response to the host and the protection against oxidative stress and tissue degeneration. Pathogens may take advantage of such age-dependent abnormalities. Alterations of the thiol redox balance in the lung tissue and lining fluids may influence the risk of infection, and the host capability to respond to pathogens and to avoid severe complications. SARS-CoV-2, likewise other viruses, such as HIV, influenza, and HSV, benefits in its replication cycle of pro-oxidant conditions that the same viral infection seems to induce in the host cell with mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that the pro-oxidant effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with changes in the cellular metabolism and transmembrane fluxes of Cys and GSH. These appear to be the consequence of an increased use of Cys in viral protein synthesis and to ER stress pathway activation that interfere with transcription factors, as Nrf2 and NFkB, important to coordinate the metabolism of GSH with other aspects of the stress response and with the pro-inflammatory effects of this virus in the host cell. This narrative review article describes these cellular and molecular aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the role that antivirals and cytoprotective agents such as N-acetyl cysteine may have to limit the cytopathic effects of this virus and to recover tissue homeostasis after infection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Volatile Anaesthetics and Iron Dextran on Chronic Inflammation and Antioxidant Defense System in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040708. [PMID: 35453393 PMCID: PMC9025161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, as an essential microelement, is involved in cell proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. It also modulates the fate and function of macrophages in hematopoiesis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. On the other hand, anesthetics can affect the inflammatory process by modulating the response to stress or the functions of immune cells. The aim of this paper is to understand how excessive iron intake alters physiological, functional characteristics of peripheral tissues and whether different anesthetics can alter cell metabolism regarding oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation through regulation of macrophage polarization. Y59 rats were injected intraperitoneally with iron dextran solution at a dose of 50 mg/kg or were exposed to inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane and their combination for 28 days every other day. The results show that the use of anesthetics reduces the rat’s organ weight and increases OS in peripheral tissues, leading to M1 macrophage polarization. Excessive iron intake leads to increased OS, inflammation, and an increased ratio of IL-12/IL-10 cytokines to the M1 macrophage phenotype. Iron, in combination with sevoflurane, has a protective effect in tissues showing the M2 phenotype of macrophages. The combination of iron dextran and isoflurane in rats leads to an increase in the erythropoiesis process made possible through the induction of hypoxia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma S, Agnihotri N, Kumar S. Targeting fuel pocket of cancer cell metabolism: A focus on glutaminolysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
6
|
Seth E, Ahsan AU, Kaushal S, Mehra S, Chopra M. Berberine affords protection against oxidative stress and apoptotic damage in F1 generation of wistar rats following lactational exposure to chlorpyrifos. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104977. [PMID: 34802527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)-phosphorothioate; (CPF)) is a widely used lipophilic organophosphorus insecticide that primarily manifests into central and peripheral nervous system toxicity. However, it is poorly investigated as a developmental neurotoxicant and thus remains less explored for pharmacological interventions as well. Berberine (BBR) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, primarily found in the plants of Berberidaceae family, and is used for the synthesis of several bioactive derivatives. The goal of this study was to evaluate the CPF-induced neuronal damage through lactational route and analyze the neuroprotective efficacy of berberine (BBR), a potent antioxidant compound in the F1 generation. The environmentally relevant dose of CPF (3 mg/kg b.wt.) was administered via gavage to pregnant dams from postnatal day 1 to day 20 (PND 1-20). BBR (10 mg/kg b.wt.) was administered concurrently with CPF for the same duration as a co-treatment. Levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, membrane bound ATPases (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, and Mg2+ATPase), DNA damage, histomorphological alterations, cellular apoptosis were increased, and activities of glutathione reductase, endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, and GR) were decreased in cerebellum and cerebrum regions of CPF exposed pups. CPF triggered neuronal apoptosis by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2. Co-treatment of BBR significantly attenuated these effects of CPF signifying oxidative stress mediated chlorpyrifos induced neuronal apoptosis. Berberine treatment ameliorated the CPF-induced downregulation of Bcl-2, Bax translocation, and up-regulation of caspase-3 in F1 pups. Therefore, BBR owing to its multiple pharmacological properties can be further explored for its therapeutic potential as an alternative neuroprotective agent against lactational exposure of chlorpyrifos-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Era Seth
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aitizaz Ul Ahsan
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Surbhi Kaushal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sweety Mehra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Alhadlaq H, Alrokayan S. Pt-Coated Au Nanoparticle Toxicity Is Preferentially Triggered Via Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide/Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Liver Cancer (HepG2) Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15431-15441. [PMID: 34151121 PMCID: PMC8210405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that are formed from the reaction of versatile nitric oxide (NO) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been less explored in potential cancer therapy. This may be partly due to the fewer available agents that could induce NO in cells. Here, we report platinum-coated gold nanoparticles (Pt-coated Au NPs; 27 ± 20 nm) as a strong inducer of NO (assessed by live-cell imaging under NO-specific DAR-1 probe labeling and indirectly using a Griess reagent) in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. In addition to NO, this study found a critical role of ROS from mitochondrial sources in the mechanism of toxicity caused by Pt-coated Au NPs. Cotreatment with a thiol-replenishing general antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) led to significant amelioration of oxidative stress against NP-induced toxicity. However, NAC did not exhibit as much ameliorative potential against NP-induced oxidative stress as the superoxide radical (O2•-)-scavenging mitochondrial specific antioxidant mito-TEMPO did. The higher protective potential of mito-TEMPO in comparison to NAC reveals mitochondrial ROS as an active mediator of NP-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the relatively unaltered NP-induced NO concentration under cotreatment of GSH modulators NAC and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) suggested that NO production due to NP treatment is rather independent of the cellular thiols at least in HepG2 cells. Moreover, toxicity potentiation by exogenous H2O2 again suggested a more direct involvement of ROS/RNS in comparison to the less potentiation of toxicity due to GSH-exhausting BSO. A steeper amelioration in NP-induced NO and ROS and, consequently, cytotoxicity by mito-TEMPO in comparison to NAC reveal a pronounced role of NO and ROS via the mitochondrial pathway in the toxicity of Pt-coated Au NPs in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Alhadlaq
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alrokayan
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
SARS-CoV2 infection impairs the metabolism and redox function of cellular glutathione. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102041. [PMID: 34146958 PMCID: PMC8190457 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections sustain their replication cycle promoting a pro-oxidant environment in the host cell. In this context, specific alterations of the levels and homeostatic function of the tripeptide glutathione have been reported to play a causal role in the pro-oxidant and cytopathic effects (CPE) of the virus. In this study, these aspects were investigated for the first time in SARS-CoV2-infected Vero E6 cells, a reliable and well-characterized in vitro model of this infection. SARS-CoV2 markedly decreased the levels of cellular thiols, essentially lowering the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Such an important defect occurred early in the CPE process (in the first 24 hpi). Thiol analysis in N-acetyl-Cys (NAC)-treated cells and membrane transporter expression data demonstrated that both a lowered uptake of the GSH biosynthesis precursor Cys and an increased efflux of cellular thiols, could play a role in this context. Increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and protein glutathionylation were also observed along with upregulation of the ER stress marker PERK. The antiviral drugs Remdesivir (Rem) and Nelfinavir (Nel) influenced these changes at different levels, essentially confirming the importance or blocking viral replication to prevent GSH depletion in the host cell. Accordingly, Nel, the most potent antiviral in our in vitro study, produced a timely activation of Nrf2 transcription factor and a GSH enhancing response that synergized with NAC to restore GSH levels in the infected cells. Despite poor in vitro antiviral potency and GSH enhancing function, Rem treatment was found to prevent the SARS-CoV2-induced glutathionylation of cellular proteins. In conclusion, SARS-CoV2 infection impairs the metabolism of cellular glutathione. NAC and the antiviral Nel can prevent such defect in vitro.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM, Alhadlaq HA. Co-exposure of Bi 2O 3 nanoparticles and bezo[a]pyrene-enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of mouse spermatogonia cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17109-17118. [PMID: 33394445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent attention has been focused on reproductive toxicity of nanoscale materials in combination with pre-existing environmental pollutants. Due to its unique characteristics, bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles (BONPs) are being used in diverse fields including cosmetics and biomedicine. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a known endocrine disruptor that most common sources of BaP exposure to humans are cigarette smoke and well-cooked barbecued meat. Hence, joint exposure of BONPs and BaP in humans is common. There is scarcity of information on toxicity of BONPs in combination with BaP in human reproductive system. In this work, combined effects of BONPs and BaP in mouse spermatogonia (GC-1 spg) cells were assessed. Results showed that combined exposure of BONPs and BaP synergistically induced cell viability reduction, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, induction of caspases (-3 and -9) and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in GC-1 spg cells. Co-exposure of BONPs and BaP also synergistically induced production of pro-oxidants (reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide) and reduction of antioxidants (glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes). Experiments with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, a reactive oxygen species scavenger) indicated that oxidative stress was a plausible mechanism of synergistic toxicity of BONPs and BaP in GC-1 spg cells. Present data could be helpful for future in vivo research and risk assessment of human reproductive system co-exposed to BONPs and BaP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abdul Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Abdulaziz Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang T, Tsutsuki H, Islam W, Ono K, Takeda K, Akaike T, Sawa T. ATP exposure stimulates glutathione efflux as a necessary switch for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101930. [PMID: 33740502 PMCID: PMC7995658 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex responsible for the maturation of precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into active proinflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of redox homeostasis contributes to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, specific mechanistic details remain unclear. We demonstrate here that ATP exposure evoked a sharp decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels in macrophages, which led to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We detected an increase in GSH levels in culture supernatants that was comparable to the GSH decrease in macrophages, which suggests that exposure to ATP stimulated GSH efflux. Exogenous addition of P2X7 receptor antagonist, GSH, or the oxidized form GSSG attenuated this efflux. Also, exogenous GSH or GSSG strongly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that GSH efflux controls NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated disorders. ATP stimulates rapid glutathione (GSH) efflux via the P2X7 receptor. GSH efflux is an upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly. Exogenous GSH weakens ATP-caused GSH efflux and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. GSH or GSSG suppressed interleukin-1β production in an inflammatory mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Waliul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The role of UVA radiation in ketoprofen-mediated BRAF-mutant amelanotic melanoma cells death - A study at the cellular and molecular level. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105108. [PMID: 33545343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the cause of 80% of deaths in skin cancer patients. Treatment of melanoma in the 4th stage of clinical advancement, in which inoperable metastasis occur, does not provide sufficient effects. Ketoprofen has phototoxic properties and it can be used as a new treatment option for skin cancers as a part of photochemotherapy. The present study was designed to investigate whether ketoprofen in combination with UVA induces cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on melanoma cells. It was stated that co-treatment with 1.0 mM ketoprofen and UVA irradiation disturbed homeostasis of C32 melanoma cells by lowering its vitality (decrease of GSH level). Contrary to C32 cells, melanocytes showed low sensitivity to ketoprofen and UVA radiation, pointing selectivity in the mode of action towards melanoma cells. Co-treatment with ketoprofen and UVA irradiation has cytotoxic and anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on C32. The co-treatment triggered the DNA fragmentation and changed the cell cycle in C32 cells. In conclusion, it could be stated that local application of ketoprofen in combination with UVA irradiation may be used to support the treatment of melanoma and creates the possibility of reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Attenuate Cytotoxic and Oxidative Stress Response of Pb in Human Lung Epithelial (A549) Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8221. [PMID: 33172159 PMCID: PMC7664418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combined exposure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and trace metal lead (Pb) in ambient air is unavoidable. Most of the previous studies on the toxicity of SWCNTs and Pb have been conducted individually. There is a scarcity of information on the combined toxicity of SWCNTs and Pb in human cells. This work was designed to explore the combined effects of SWCNTs and Pb in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. SWCNTs were prepared through the plasma-enhanced vapor deposition technique. Prepared SWCNTs were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. We observed that SWCNTs up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL was safe, while Pb induced dose-dependent (5-100 µg/mL) cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Importantly, cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion, lipid peroxidation, and induction of caspase-3 and -9 enzymes following Pb exposure (50 µg/mL for 24 h) were efficiently attenuated by the co-exposure of SWCNTs (10 µg/mL for 24 h). Furthermore, generation of Pb-induced pro-oxidants (reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide) and the reduction of antioxidants (antioxidant enzymes and glutathione) were also mitigated by the co-exposure of SWCNTs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry results suggest that the adsorption of Pb on the surface of SWCNTs could attenuate the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb in A549 cells. Our data warrant further research on the combined effects of SWCNTs and Pb in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bell K, Rosignol I, Sierra-Filardi E, Rodriguez-Muela N, Schmelter C, Cecconi F, Grus F, Boya P. Age related retinal Ganglion cell susceptibility in context of autophagy deficiency. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:21. [PMID: 32337073 PMCID: PMC7165178 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common age-related disease leading to progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, visual field defects and vision loss and is the second leading cause of blindness in the elderly worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy have been linked to glaucoma and induction of autophagy shows neuroprotective effects in glaucoma animal models. We have shown that autophagy decreases with aging in the retina and that autophagy can be neuroprotective for RGCs, but it is currently unknown how aging and autophagy deficiency impact RGCs susceptibility and survival. Using the optic nerve crush model in young and olWelcome@1234d Ambra1 +/gt (autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1+/gt) mice we analysed the contribution of autophagy deficiency on retinal ganglion cell survival in an age dependent context. Interestingly, old Ambra1 +/gt mice showed decreased RGC survival after optic nerve crush in comparison to old Ambra1 +/+, an effect that was not observed in the young animals. Proteomics and mRNA expression data point towards altered oxidative stress response and mitochondrial alterations in old Ambra1 +/gt animals. This effect is intensified after RGC axonal damage, resulting in reduced oxidative stress response showing decreased levels of Nqo1, as well as failure of Nrf2 induction in the old Ambra1 +/gt. Old Ambra1 +/gt also failed to show increase in Bnip3l and Bnip3 expression after optic nerve crush, a response that is found in the Ambra1 +/+ controls. Primary RGCs derived from Ambra1 +/gt mice show decreased neurite projection and increased levels of apoptosis in comparison to Ambra1 +/+ animals. Our results lead to the conclusion that oxidative stress response pathways are altered in old Ambra1 +/gt mice leading to impaired damage responses upon additional external stress factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ines Rosignol
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sierra-Filardi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V, DZNE/German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmelter
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu J, Liu S. Modulating intracellular oxidative stress via engineered nanotherapeutics. J Control Release 2020; 319:333-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
15
|
Glutathione S-transferase P influences the Nrf2-dependent response of cellular thiols to seleno-compounds. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:379-386. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Respondek M, Beberok A, Rzepka Z, Rok J, Wrześniok D. MIM1 induces COLO829 melanoma cell death through mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA damage. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:20-31. [PMID: 31410885 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a high aggressive malignancy in humans and causes 60-80% of deaths from skin cancer. Defect in an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis via overexpression of Mcl-1 is responsible for malignant melanoma development and progression, and also for resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. MIM1 is a specific low molecular Mcl-1 protein inhibitor that is able to induce Mcl-1-dependent cancer cells death. Here, we examined the effect of MIM1 as well as MIM1 and dacarbazine (DTIC) mixture on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression in COLO829 melanoma cells. Cell viability was performed by the WST-1 assay. Analysis of apoptosis as well as cell cycle progression was determined by fluorescence image cytometer NucleoCounter NC-3000. The obtained results demonstrated that the MIM1 exhibited high cytotoxicity against melanotic melanoma cells and induced mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, MIM1 enhanced the proapoptotic effect of DTIC toward melanoma cells; furthermore, a mixture of these drugs caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in COLO829 cells. Taken together, these data provide, for the first time, evidence that a low molecular weight Mcl-1 inhibitor-MIM1 may be a promising agent with antitumor and proapoptotic properties toward melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Respondek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Respondek M, Beberok A, Rzepka Z, Rok J, Wrześniok D. Mcl-1 Inhibitor Induces Cells Death in BRAF-Mutant Amelanotic Melanoma Trough GSH Depletion, DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Changes. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1465-1474. [PMID: 31432325 PMCID: PMC7297871 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mcl-1 is a potent antiapoptotic protein and amplifies frequently in many human cancer. Currently, it is considered that the extensively expressed of Mcl-1 protein in melanoma cells is associated with rapid tumor progression, poor prognosis and low chemosensitivity. Therefore, the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 could be considered as a potential target for malignant melanoma treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of MIM1 a specific low molecular Mcl-1 protein inhibitor and mixture of MIM1 and dacarbazine on the viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in amelanotic C32 melanoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of MIM1 towards C32 melanoma cells was examined by the WST-1 test. The Mcl-1 protein level as a drug target in amelanotic melanoma cells was defined by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle progression, DNA fragmentation as well as GSH depletion were determined by fluorescence image cytometer NucleoCounter NC-3000. The obtained results demonstrate that the specific Mcl-1 protein inhibitor - MIM1 decreases cell viability and induce apoptosis (S-phase arrest, DNA fragmentation and redox imbalance) in amelanotic melanoma cells and intensify the proapoptotic properties of DTIC, as a result of interactions with Mcl-1 protein. Taken together, the presented data suggest that Mcl-1 protein is a an important target in malignant melanoma treatment and provide for the first time convincing evidence that MIM1, which inhibits Mcl-1 antiapoptotic protein is able to induce apoptosis and sensitize melanoma cells to alkylating agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Respondek
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Artur Beberok
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scirè A, Cianfruglia L, Minnelli C, Bartolini D, Torquato P, Principato G, Galli F, Armeni T. Glutathione compartmentalization and its role in glutathionylation and other regulatory processes of cellular pathways. Biofactors 2019; 45:152-168. [PMID: 30561781 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is considered the major non-protein low molecular weight modulator of redox processes and the most important thiol reducing agent of the cell. The biosynthesis of glutathione occurs in the cytosol from its constituent amino acids, but this tripeptide is also present in the most important cellular districts, such as mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum, thus playing a central role in several metabolic pathways and cytoprotection mechanisms. Indeed, glutathione is involved in the modulation of various cellular processes and, not by chance, it is a ubiquitous determinant for redox signaling, xenobiotic detoxification, and regulation of cell cycle and death programs. The balance between its concentration and redox state is due to a complex series of interactions between biosynthesis, utilization, degradation, and transport. All these factors are of great importance to understand the significance of cellular redox balance and its relationship with physiological responses and pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to give an overview on glutathione cellular compartmentalization. Information on its subcellular distribution provides a deeper understanding of glutathione-dependent processes and reflects the importance of compartmentalization in the regulation of specific cellular pathways. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):152-168, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scirè
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Cianfruglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Clinical Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Labs, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Clinical Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Labs, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Principato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Clinical Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Labs, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang P, Ji R, Ji J, Chen F. Changes of metabolites of acrylamide and glycidamide in acrylamide-exposed rats pretreated with blueberry anthocyanins extract. Food Chem 2019; 274:611-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
Bartolini D, Torquato P, Piroddi M, Galli F. Targeting glutathione S-transferase P and its interactome with selenium compounds in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:130-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Suematsu M. Can drug repurposing stop "chase and run" between aldehydes and reactive sulfur species in anti-cancer therapy? Oncotarget 2018; 9:34453-34454. [PMID: 30349638 PMCID: PMC6195386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Suematsu
- Makoto Suematsu: Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
De Nicola M, Bruni E, Traversa E, Ghibelli L. Slow release of etoposide from dextran conjugation shifts etoposide activity from cytotoxicity to differentiation: A promising tool for dosage control in anticancer metronomic therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2005-2014. [PMID: 28535989 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug conjugation, improving drug stability, solubility and body permanence, allows achieving impressive results in tumor control. Here, we show that conjugation may provide a straightforward method to administer drugs by the emerging anticancer metronomic approach, presently consisting of low, repeated doses of cytotoxic drugs used in traditional chemotherapy, thus reducing toxicity without reducing efficiency; however, low dose maintenance in tumor sites is difficult. We show that conjugating the antitumor drug etoposide to dextran via pH-sensitive bond produces slow releasing, apoptosis-proficient conjugates rapidly internalized into acidic lysosomes; importantly, release of active etoposide requires cell internalization and acidic pH. Conjugation, without impairing etoposide-induced complete elimination of tumor cells, shifted the mode of apoptosis from cytotoxicity- to differentiation-related; interestingly, high conjugate doses acted as low doses of free etoposide, thus mimicking the effect of metronomic therapy. This indicates slow release as a promising novel strategy for stabilizing low drug levels in metronomic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena De Nicola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Bruni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li S, Wang L, Yu F, Zhu Z, Shobaki D, Chen H, Wang M, Wang J, Qin G, Erasquin UJ, Ren L, Wang Y, Cai C. Copper-Catalyzed Click Reaction on/in Live Cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2107-2114. [PMID: 28348729 PMCID: PMC5365239 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction could be performed inside live mammalian cells without using a chelating azide. Under optimized conditions, the reaction was performed in human ovary cancer cell line OVCAR5 in which newly synthesized proteins were metabolically modified with homopropargylglycine (HPG). This model system allowed us to estimate the efficiency of the reaction on the cell membranes and in the cytosol using mass spectrometry. We found that the reaction was greatly promoted by a tris(triazolylmethyl)amine CuI ligand tethering a cell-penetrating peptide. Uptake of the ligand, copper, and a biotin-tagged azide in the cells was determined to be 69 ± 2, 163 ± 3 and 1.3 ± 0.1 µM, respectively. After 10 minutes of reaction, the product yields on the membrane and cytosolic proteins were higher than 18% and 0.8%, respectively, while 75% cells remained viable. By reducing the biothiols in the system by scraping or treatment with N-ethylmalemide, the reaction yield on the cytosolic proteins was greatly improved to ~9% and ~14%, respectively, while the yield on the membrane proteins remained unchanged. The results indicate that out of many possibilities, deactivation of the current copper catalysts by biothiols is the major reason for the low yield of CuAAC reaction in the cytosol. Overall, we have improved the efficiency for CuAAC reaction on live cells by 3-fold. Despite the low yielding inside live cells, the products that strongly bind to the intracellular targets can be detected by mass spectrometry. Hence, the in situ CuAAC reaction can be potentially used for screening of cell-specific enzyme inhibitors or biomarkers containing 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Dema Shobaki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Guoting Qin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Uriel J. Erasquin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Li Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mazzari ALDA, Milton F, Frangos S, Carvalho ACB, Silveira D, de Assis Rocha Neves F, Prieto JM. In vitro Effects of Four Native Brazilian Medicinal Plants in CYP3A4 mRNA Gene Expression, Glutathione Levels, and P-Glycoprotein Activity. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:265. [PMID: 27594838 PMCID: PMC4991120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrina mulungu Benth. (Fabaceae), Cordia verbenacea A. DC. (Boraginaceae), Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) and Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) are medicinal plant species native to Brazil shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, nothing is known about their effects in metabolic and transporter proteins, which could potentially lead to herb-drug interactions (HDI). In this work, we assess non-toxic concentrations (100 μg/mL) of the plant infusions for their in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). Their mechanisms of action were further studied by measuring the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results show that P-gp activity was not affected in any case and that only Solanum paniculatum was able to significantly change CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression (twofold decrease, p < 0.05), this being correlated with an antagonist effect upon hPXR (EC50 = 0.38 mg/mL). Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to Solanum paniculatum (-44%, p < 0.001), Lippia sidoides (-12%, p < 0.05) and Cordia verbenacea (-47%, p < 0.001). The latter plant extract was able to decrease GGT activity (-48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines may be able to cause disturbances to metabolic mechanisms in vitro. Although Erythrina mulungu appears safe in our tests, active pharmacovigilance is recommended for the other three species, especially in the case of Solanum paniculatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre L D A Mazzari
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Flora Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Samantha Frangos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Ana C B Carvalho
- Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, Coordenação de Medicamentos Fitoterápicos e Dinamizados Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Greenough MA, Ramírez Munoz A, Bush AI, Opazo CM. Metallo-pathways to Alzheimer's disease: lessons from genetic disorders of copper trafficking. Metallomics 2016; 8:831-9. [PMID: 27397642 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal ion that provides catalytic function to numerous enzymes and also regulates neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Conversely, a deficiency or excess of copper can cause chronic disease in humans. Menkes and Wilson disease are two rare heritable disorders of copper transport that are characterized by copper deficiency and copper overload, respectively. Changes to copper status are also a common feature of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the case of AD, which is characterized by brain copper depletion, changes in the distribution of copper has been linked with various aspects of the disease process; protein aggregation, defective protein degradation, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although AD is a multifactorial disease that is likely caused by a breakdown in multiple cellular pathways, copper and other metal ions such as iron and zinc play a central role in many of these cellular processes. Pioneering work by researchers who have studied relatively rare copper transport diseases has shed light on potential metal ion related disease mechanisms in other forms of neurodegeneration such as AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Greenough
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sánchez-Vallejo V, Benlloch-Navarro S, Trachsel-Moncho L, López-Pedrajas R, Almansa I, Romero FJ, Miranda M. Alterations in glutamate cysteine ligase content in the retina of two retinitis pigmentosa animal models. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:245-54. [PMID: 27140233 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of rare genetic retinal disorders in which one of several different mutations induces photoreceptor death. Oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) alterations may be related to the pathogenesis of RP. GSH has been shown to be present in high concentrations in the retina. In addition, the retina has the capability to synthesize GSH. In this study, we tested whether the two subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, and the concentrations of retinal GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cysteine (Cys) and glutamate are altered in the retina of two different RP mice models. Retinas from C3H and rd1 mice at different postnatal days (P7, P11, P15, P19, P21 and P28) and from C57BL/6 and rd10 mice at P21 were obtained. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein content of catalytic and modulatory subunits from glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC and GCLM, respectively). In another set of experiments, control and rd1 mice were administered buthinine sulfoximine, a glutathione synthase inhibitor, or paraquat. GSH, GSSG, glutamate and Cys concentrations were determined, by HPLC. A decrease in retinal GCLC content was observed in C3H and rd1 mice with age, nevertheless, there was an increase in retinal GCLC in rd1 mice compared to control retinas at P19. No modifications in GCLM content with age and no difference between GCLM content in rd1 and control retinas were observed. The GSH concentration decreased in the rd1 retinas compared with control ones at P15, it increased at P19, and was again similar at P21 and P28. No changes in GSSG concentration in control retinas with age were observed; the GSSG levels in rd1 retinas were similar from P7 to P19 and then increased significantly at P21 and P28. Glutamate concentration was increased in the rd1 retinas compared to control mice from P7 to P15 and were comparable at P21 and P28. The Cys concentrations was measured in control and rd1 retinas, but no significant changes were observed between them. BSO administration decreases GSH retinal concentration in control and rd1 mice, while paraquat administration induced an increase in GSH retinal concentration in control mice and a decrease in GSH in rd1 mice retina. Retinal GCLC was significantly increased in rd10 mice at P21 as well as GSSG. Our results suggest alterations in retinal GCLC content and GSH and/or its precursors in these two RP animal models. Regulation of the enzymes related to GSH metabolism and the retinal concentration of glutamate may be a possible target to delay especially cone death in RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Sánchez-Vallejo
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain
| | - Soledad Benlloch-Navarro
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain
| | - Laura Trachsel-Moncho
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain
| | - Rosa López-Pedrajas
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Almansa
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain
| | | | - María Miranda
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pompella A, Corti A. Editorial: the changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:98. [PMID: 26029106 PMCID: PMC4432574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMC, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMC, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pompella A, Corti A. Editorial: the changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Front Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26029106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00098/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMC, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMC, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|