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Ghaedamini H, Khalaf K, Kim DS, Tang Y. A novel ACE2-Based electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Anal Biochem 2024; 689:115504. [PMID: 38458306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and quickly spread globally, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic disruptions. As of now, collaborative global efforts in vaccination and the advent of novel diagnostic tools have considerably curbed the spread and impact of the virus in many regions. Despite this progress, the demand remains for low-cost, accurate, rapid and scalable diagnostic tools to reduce the influence of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, was immobilized on two types of electrodes, a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) and a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), to develop electrochemical biosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity and selectivity. This was achieved by using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT) and aryl diazonium salt serving as linkers for SPGEs and SPCEs, respectively. Once SARS-CoV-2 was anchored onto the ACE2, the interaction of the virus with the redox probe was analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aryl diazonium salt was observed as a superior linker compared to PFDT due to its consistent performance in the modification of the SPCEs and effective ACE2 enzyme immobilization. A distinct pair of redox peaks in the cyclic voltammogram of the biosensor modified with aryl diazonium salt highlighted the redox reaction between the functional groups of SARS-CoV-2 and the redox probe. The sensor presented a linear relationship between the redox response and the logarithm of SARS-CoV-2 concentration, with a detection limit of 1.02 × 106 TCID50/mL (50% tissue culture infectious dose). Furthermore, the biosensor showed remarkable selectivity towards SARS-CoV-2 over H1N1virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Khalaf
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, USA
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, USA.
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2
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O’Keeffe M, Oterhals Å, Vikøren LAS, Drotningsvik A, Mellgren G, Halstensen A, Gudbrandsen OA. Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2? Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1712-1719. [PMID: 36946006 PMCID: PMC10587383 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells after binding to the membrane-bound receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but this may be prevented through interception by soluble ACE2 (sACE2) or by inhibition of the ACE2 receptor, thus obstructing cell entry and replication. The main objective of this study was to investigate if fish intake affected the concentration of sACE2 in rats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the in vitro ACE2-inhibiting activity of fish proteins. Rats were fed cod muscle as 25 % of dietary protein, and blood was collected after 4 weeks of intervention. Muscle, backbone, skin, head, stomach, stomach content, intestine and swim bladder from haddock, saithe, cod and redfish were hydrolysed with trypsin before ACE2-inhibiting activity was measured in vitro. In vivo data were compared using unpaired Student's t test, and in vitro data were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test. The mean sACE2 concentration was 47 % higher in rats fed cod when compared with control rats (P 0·034), whereas serum concentrations of angiotensin II and TNF-α were similar between the two experimental groups. Muscle, backbone, skin and head from all four fish species inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro, whereas the remaining fractions had no effect. To conclude, our novel data demonstrate that fish intake increased the sACE2 concentration in rats and that the hydrolysed fish proteins inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O’Keeffe
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | | | - Linn Anja Slåke Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Alfred Halstensen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- K. Halstensen AS, P.O. Box 103, Bekkjarvik5399, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
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3
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Elkazzaz M, Ahmed A, Abo-Amer YEE, Hydara T, Haikal A, Razek DNAE, Eltayb WA, Wang X, Karpiński TM, Hamza D, Jabbar B, Shamkh IM. In Silico Discovery of GPCRs and GnRHRs as Novel Binding Receptors of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Could Explain Neuroendocrine Disorders in COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091500. [PMID: 36146578 PMCID: PMC9504287 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the intense research work since the beginning of the pandemic, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not yet clearly understood. The previous mechanism of COVID-19, based on ACE2 tropism and explained through a single receptor, is insufficient to explain the pathogenesis due to the absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in most of the affected organs. In the current study, we used the PatchDock server to run a molecular docking study of both the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were run to analyze the stability of the complexes using the GROMACS package. The docking results showed a high affinity between the spike protein with the GnRHR (−1424.9 kcal/mol) and GPCR (−1451.8 kcal/mol). The results of the MD simulations revealed the significant stability of the spike protein with the GnRHR and GPCR up to 100 ns. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein had strong binding interactions with the GPCRs and GnRHRs, which are highly expressed in the brain, endocrine organs, and olfactory neurons. This study paves the way towards understanding the complex mechanism of neuroendocrine involvement and peripheral organ involvement, may explain the changing symptoms in patients due to new variants, and may lead to the discovery of new drug targets for COVID-19. In vitro studies involving genetic engineering or gene knockdown of the GPCRs and GnRHRs are needed to further investigate the role of these receptors in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elkazzaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 7952567, Egypt
| | - Amr Ahmed
- Director of Tuberculosis Ghubera Mobile Team, Public Health Department, First Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 966-11, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, El-Mahalla el-Kubra 31951, Egypt
| | - Tamer Hydara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Haikal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Wafa Ali Eltayb
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, Shendi 11111, Nher Anile, Sudan
| | - Xiling Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Israa M. Shamkh
- Chemo and Bioinformatics Lab, Bio Search Research Institution BSRI, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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4
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Monroe MK, Wang H, Anderson CF, Jia H, Flexner C, Cui H. Leveraging the therapeutic, biological, and self-assembling potential of peptides for the treatment of viral infections. J Control Release 2022; 348:1028-1049. [PMID: 35752254 PMCID: PMC11022941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and peptide-based materials have an increasing role in the treatment of viral infections through their use as active pharmaceutical ingredients, targeting moieties, excipients, carriers, or structural components in drug delivery systems. The discovery of peptide-based therapeutic compounds, coupled with the development of new stabilization and formulation strategies, has led to a resurgence of antiviral peptide therapeutics over the past two decades. The ability of peptides to bind cell receptors and to facilitate membrane penetration and subsequent intracellular trafficking enables their use in various antiviral systems for improved targeting efficiency and treatment efficacy. Importantly, the self-assembly of peptides into well-defined nanostructures provides a vast library of discrete constructs and supramolecular biomaterials for systemic and local delivery of antiviral agents. We review here the recent progress in exploiting the therapeutic, biological, and self-assembling potential of peptides, peptide conjugates, and their supramolecular assemblies in treating human viral infections, with an emphasis on the treatment strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya K Monroe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Caleb F Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Charles Flexner
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Deptartment of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America; Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America.
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5
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6
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Lomis N, Westfall S, Shum-Tim D, Prakash S. Synthesis and characterization of peptide conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles for targeted cardiac uptake and drug delivery. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254305. [PMID: 34591850 PMCID: PMC8483410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure, a prominent cardiovascular disease results primarily from myocardial infarction or ischemia. Milrinone (MRN), a widely used clinical drug for heart failure, improves myocardial contractility and cardiac function through its inotropic and vasodilatory effects. However, lacking target specificity, it exhibits low bioavailability and lower body retention time. Therefore, in this study, angiotensin II (AT1) peptide conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles (AT1-HSA-MRN-NPs) have been synthesized for targeted delivery of MRN to the myocardium, overexpressing AT1 receptors under heart failure. The NPs were surface functionalized through a covalent conjugation reaction between HSA and AT1. Nanoparticle size was 215.2±4.7 nm and zeta potential -28.8±2.7 mV and cumulative release of MRN was ~72% over 24 hrs. The intracellular uptake of nanoparticles and cell viability was studied in H9c2 cells treated with AT1-MRN-HSA-NPs vs the control non-targeted drug, MRN Lactate under normal, hypoxic and hypertrophic conditions. The uptake of AT1-HSA-MRN-NPs in H9c2 cells was significantly higher as compared to non-targeted nanoparticles, and the viability of H9c2 cells treated with AT1-MRN-HSA-NPs vs MRN Lactate was 73.4±1.4% vs 44.9±1.4%, respectively. Therefore, AT1-HSA-MRN-NPs are safe for in vivo use and exhibit superior targeting and drug delivery characteristics for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Lomis
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan Westfall
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Division of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Williams-Noonan BJ, Todorova N, Kulkarni K, Aguilar MI, Yarovsky I. An Active Site Inhibitor Induces Conformational Penalties for ACE2 Recognition by the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2533-2550. [PMID: 33657325 PMCID: PMC7945587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The novel RNA virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus II (SARS-CoV-2), is currently the leading cause of mortality in 2020, having led to over 1.6 million deaths and infecting over 75 million people worldwide by December 2020. While vaccination has started and several clinical trials for a number of vaccines are currently underway, there is a pressing need for a cure for those already infected with the virus. Of particular interest in the design of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics is the human protein angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) to which this virus adheres before entry into the host cell. The SARS-CoV-2 virion binds to cell-surface bound ACE2 via interactions of the spike protein (s-protein) on the viral surface with ACE2. In this paper, we use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and binding enthalpy calculations to determine the effect that a bound ACE2 active site inhibitor (MLN-4760) would have on the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 s-protein with ACE2. Our analysis indicates that the binding enthalpy could be reduced for s-protein adherence to the active site inhibitor-bound ACE2 protein by as much as 1.48-fold as an upper limit. This weakening of binding strength was observed to be due to the destabilization of the interactions between ACE2 residues Glu-35, Glu-37, Tyr-83, Lys-353, and Arg-393 and the SARS-CoV-2 s-protein receptor binding domain (RBD). The conformational changes were shown to lead to weakening of ACE2 interactions with SARS-CoV-2 s-protein, therefore reducing s-protein binding strength. Further, we observed increased conformational lability of the N-terminal helix and a conformational shift of a significant portion of the ACE2 motifs involved in s-protein binding, which may affect the kinetics of the s-protein binding when the small molecule inhibitor is bound to the ACE2 active site. These observations suggest potential new ways for interfering with the SARS-CoV-2 adhesion by modulating ACE2 conformation through distal active site inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT
University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800,
Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800,
Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT
University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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8
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Vrettos EI, Valverde IE, Mascarin A, Pallier PN, Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Parigi G, Hirmiz B, Bekas N, Grob NM, Stylos EΚ, Shaye H, Del Borgo M, Aguilar MI, Magnani F, Syed N, Crook T, Waqif E, Ghazaly E, Cherezov V, Widdop RE, Luchinat C, Michael-Titus AT, Mindt TL, Tzakos AG. Single Peptide Backbone Surrogate Mutations to Regulate Angiotensin GPCR Subtype Selectivity. Chemistry 2020; 26:10690-10694. [PMID: 32691857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutating the side-chains of amino acids in a peptide ligand, with unnatural amino acids, aiming to mitigate its short half-life is an established approach. However, it is hypothesized that mutating specific backbone peptide bonds with bioisosters can be exploited not only to enhance the proteolytic stability of parent peptides, but also to tune its receptor subtype selectivity. Towards this end, four [Y]6 -Angiotensin II analogues are synthesized where amide bonds have been replaced by 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole isosteres in four different backbone locations. All the analogues possessed enhanced stability in human plasma in comparison with the parent peptide, whereas only two of them achieved enhanced AT2 R/AT1 R subtype selectivity. This diversification has been studied through 2D NMR spectroscopy and unveiled a putative more structured microenvironment for the two selective ligands accompanied with increased number of NOE cross-peaks. The most potent analogue, compound 2, has been explored regarding its neurotrophic potential and resulted in an enhanced neurite growth with respect to the established agent C21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibai E Valverde
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alba Mascarin
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick N Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Baydaa Hirmiz
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nick Bekas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Nathalie M Grob
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evgenios Κ Stylos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Hamidreza Shaye
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mark Del Borgo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Francesca Magnani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Timothy Crook
- Leaders in Oncology Care, 95 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AF, UK
| | - Emal Waqif
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Essam Ghazaly
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
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9
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Seif F, Aazami H, Khoshmirsafa M, Kamali M, Mohsenzadegan M, Pornour M, Mansouri D. JAK Inhibition as a New Treatment Strategy for Patients with COVID-19. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:467-475. [PMID: 32392562 PMCID: PMC7270061 DOI: 10.1159/000508247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commenced across the world. Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is essential for interrupting viral infectivity and preventing aberrant immune responses before a vaccine can be developed. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and Ang II receptor-1 (AT1-R) in this disease. Novel therapeutic strategies, including recombinant ACE2, ACE inhibitors, AT1-R blockers, and Ang 1–7 peptides, may prevent or reduce viruses-induced pulmonary, cardiac, and renal injuries. However, more studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of these therapeutics. Furthermore, considering the common role of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in AT1-R expressed on peripheral tissues and cytokine receptors on the surface of immune cells, potential targeting of this pathway using JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is suggested as a promising approach in patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to hospitals. In addition to antiviral therapy, potential ACE2- and AT1-R-inhibiting strategies, and other supportive care, we suggest other potential JAKinibs and novel anti-inflammatory combination therapies that affect the JAK-STAT pathway in patients with COVID-19. Since the combination of MTX and baricitinib leads to outstanding clinical outcomes, the addition of baricitinib to MTX might be a potential strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran, .,Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Kamali
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Singh Y, Gupta G, Satija S, Pabreja K, Chellappan DK, Dua K. COVID-19 transmission through host cell directed network of GPCR. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:647-649. [PMID: 32329083 PMCID: PMC7264679 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Pabreja
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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Abstract
The β-site APP Cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a membrane-associated aspartyl protease which mediates the production of amyloid-β (Aβ), a major component of amyloid plaques in the Alzheimer’s disease brain. We have synthesised and characterised a series of peptidomimetic analogues of BACE substrates that incorporate two distinct stabilising structures. To demonstrate the potential activity of these compounds, a variety of assaying strategies were used to investigate cleavage susceptibility and inhibition potency under competitive and non-competitive conditions. β-Amino acids and scissile site N-methylation were incorporated into peptide substrate templates as transition state isostere (TSI) substitutes by positional scanning to generate series of non-TSI β-peptidomimetics. The amino acid sequences flanking the β-cleavage site within APP carrying the Swedish double mutation (APPSW), Neuregulin, the synthetic hydroxyethylene-based TSI peptide inhibitor OM99-2, and the high affinity peptide sequence SEISYEVEFR, served as the four substrate templates from which over 60 peptides were designed and synthesised by solid phase peptide synthesis. A quenched fluorescent substrate BACE1 assay in conjunction with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was established to investigate cleavage susceptibility and inhibition potency under competitive and non-competitive conditions. It was determined that β-amino acids substituted at the P1 scissile site position within known peptide substrates were resistant to proteolysis, and particular substitutions induced a concentration-dependent stimulation of BACE1, indicating a possible modulatory role of native BACE1 substrates.
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Ma FF, Wang H, Wei CK, Thakur K, Wei ZJ, Jiang L. Three Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides Isolated From Ginkgo biloba Seeds: Purification, Inhibitory Kinetic and Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1579. [PMID: 30697161 PMCID: PMC6340938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcalase, dispase, trypsin, and flavourzyme were used to hydrolyze the extracted Ginkgo biloba seeds protein isolate (GPI). The Ginkgo protein hydrolyzates (GPHs) with the maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE inhibitory activity were selected, and ultra-filtered to obtain components with different molecular weights (MW) (<1 kDa, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa). The components with MW of <1 kDa showed better ACE inhibition (IC50:0.2227 mg/mL). Purification and identification by Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and LC-MS/MS conferred three new potential ACE inhibitory peptides [TNLDWY (non-competitive suppression mode), IC50: 1.932 mM; RADFY (competitive inhibition modes), IC50:1.35 mM; RVFDGAV (competitive inhibition modes), IC50:1.006 mM]. Molecular docking depicting the inhibitory mechanism for ACE inhibitory peptides indicated that the peptides bound well to ACE and interacted with amino acid residues at the ACE active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Anhui Habopharmqnceutical Co., Ltd., Taihe, China
| | - Chao-Kun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Motamed S, Del Borgo MP, Kulkarni K, Habila N, Zhou K, Perlmutter P, Forsythe JS, Aguilar MI. A self-assembling β-peptide hydrogel for neural tissue engineering. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2243-2246. [PMID: 26853859 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02902c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new class of β-peptide based hydrogel for neural tissue engineering. Our β-peptide forms a network of nanofibres in aqueous solution, resulting in a stable hydrogel at physiological conditions. The hydrogel shows excellent compatibility with neural cells and provides a suitable environment for cells to adhere and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Motamed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
| | - M P Del Borgo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
| | - K Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - N Habila
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
| | - K Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
| | - P Perlmutter
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - J S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
| | - M I Aguilar
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
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Ding Y, Chen J, Cui G, Wei Y, Lu C, Wang L, Diao H. Pathophysiological role of osteopontin and angiotensin II in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:5-9. [PMID: 26828266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
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