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Su Y, Cao C, Chen S, Lian J, Han M, Liu X, Deng C. Olanzapine Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Accumulation via Hepatic Muscarinic M3 Receptor-Mediated Alk-Related Signaling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1403. [PMID: 39061977 PMCID: PMC11274235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug and a potent muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R) antagonist. Olanzapine has been reported to cause metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), a tyrosine kinase receptor well known in the pathogenesis of cancer, has been recently identified as a key gene in the regulation of thinness via the regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis. This project aimed to investigate whether Olanzapine could modulate the hepatic Alk pathway and lipid metabolism via M3R. Female rats were treated with Olanzapine and/or Cevimeline (an M3R agonist) for 9 weeks. Lipid metabolism and hepatic Alk signaling were analyzed. Nine weeks' treatment of Olanzapine caused metabolic disturbance including increased body mass index (BMI), fat mass accumulation, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Olanzapine treatment also led to an upregulation of Chrm3, Alk, and its regulator Ptprz1, and a downregulation of Lmo4, a transcriptional repressor of Alk in the liver. Moreover, there were positive correlations between Alk and Chrm3, Alk and Ptprz1, and a negative correlation between Alk and Lmo4. However, cotreatment with Cevimeline significantly reversed the lipid metabolic disturbance and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as the upregulation of the hepatic Alk signaling caused by Olanzapine. This study demonstrates evidence that Olanzapine may cause metabolic disturbance by modulating hepatic Alk signaling via M3R, which provides novel insight for modulating the hepatic Alk signaling and potential interventions for targeting metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Su
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China;
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Chenyun Cao
- Department of Brain Science, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Shiyan Chen
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Jiamei Lian
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Mei Han
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xuemei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (S.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.)
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Katic L, Priscan A. Multifaceted Roles of ALK Family Receptors and Augmentor Ligands in Health and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1490. [PMID: 37892172 PMCID: PMC10605310 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review commemorates the 10-year anniversary of the discovery of physiological ligands Augα (Augmentor α; ALKAL2; Fam150b) and Augβ (Augmentor β; ALKAL1; Fam150a) for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK), previously considered orphan receptors. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the biophysical and cellular properties of ALK family receptors and their roles in cancer, metabolism, pain, ophthalmology, pigmentation, central nervous system (CNS) function, and reproduction. ALK and LTK receptors are implicated in the development of numerous cancers, and targeted inhibition of their signaling pathways can offer therapeutic benefits. Additionally, ALK family receptors are involved in regulating body weight and metabolism, modulating pain signaling, and contributing to eye development and pigmentation. In the CNS, these receptors play a role in synapse modulation, neurogenesis, and various psychiatric pathologies. Lastly, ALK expression is linked to reproductive functions, with potential implications for patients undergoing ALK inhibitor therapy. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions of ALK family receptors and Aug ligands and to repurpose targeted therapy for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Katic
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside/West, 1000 Tenth Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anamarija Priscan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
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Santana-Bejarano MB, Grosso-Martínez PR, Puebla-Mora AG, Martínez-Silva MG, Nava-Villalba M, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Godínez-Rubí M. Pleiotrophin and the Expression of Its Receptors during Development of the Human Cerebellar Cortex. Cells 2023; 12:1733. [PMID: 37443767 PMCID: PMC10341181 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic and fetal development, the cerebellum undergoes several histological changes that require a specific microenvironment. Pleiotrophin (PTN) has been related to cerebral and cerebellar cortex ontogenesis in different species. PTN signaling includes PTPRZ1, ALK, and NRP-1 receptors, which are implicated in cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. However, its involvement in human cerebellar development has not been described so far. Therefore, we investigated whether PTN and its receptors were expressed in the human cerebellar cortex during fetal and early neonatal development. The expression profile of PTN and its receptors was analyzed using an immunohistochemical method. PTN, PTPRZ1, and NRP-1 were expressed from week 17 to the postnatal stage, with variable expression among granule cell precursors, glial cells, and Purkinje cells. ALK was only expressed during week 31. These results suggest that, in the fetal and neonatal human cerebellum, PTN is involved in cell communication through granule cell precursors, Bergmann glia, and Purkinje cells via PTPRZ1, NRP-1, and ALK signaling. This communication could be involved in cell proliferation and cellular migration. Overall, the present study represents the first characterization of PTN, PTPRZ1, ALK, and NRP-1 expression in human tissues, suggesting their involvement in cerebellar cortex development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Belem Santana-Bejarano
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquímica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.B.S.-B.); (P.R.G.-M.); (A.G.P.-M.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Paula Romina Grosso-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquímica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.B.S.-B.); (P.R.G.-M.); (A.G.P.-M.)
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ana Graciela Puebla-Mora
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquímica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.B.S.-B.); (P.R.G.-M.); (A.G.P.-M.)
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Silva
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Mario Nava-Villalba
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquímica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.B.S.-B.); (P.R.G.-M.); (A.G.P.-M.)
- Departamento de Morfología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Peart DR, Andrade AK, Logan CN, Knackstedt LA, Murray JE. Regulation of Cocaine-related Behaviors by Estrogen and Progesterone. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Uçkun E, Wolfstetter G, Anthonydhason V, Sukumar SK, Umapathy G, Molander L, Fuchs J, Palmer RH. In vivo Profiling of the Alk Proximitome in the Developing Drosophila Brain. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167282. [PMID: 34624297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk) is an evolutionary conserved receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the insulin receptor superfamily. In addition to its well-studied role in cancer, numerous studies have revealed that Alk signaling is associated with a variety of complex traits such as: regulation of growth and metabolism, hibernation, regulation of neurotransmitters, synaptic coupling, axon targeting, decision making, memory formation and learning, alcohol use disorder, as well as steroid hormone metabolism. In this study, we used BioID-based in vivo proximity labeling to identify molecules that interact with Alk in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS). To do this, we used CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-directed repair (HDR) to modify the endogenous Alk locus to produce first and next generation Alk::BioID chimeras. This approach allowed identification of Alk proximitomes under physiological conditions and without overexpression. Our results show that the next generation of BioID proteins (TurboID and miniTurbo) outperform the first generation BirA* fusion in terms of labeling speed and efficiency. LC-MS3-based BioID screening of AlkTurboID and AlkminiTurbo larval brains revealed an extensive neuronal Alk proximitome identifying numerous potential components of Alk signaling complexes. Validation of Alk proximitome candidates further revealed co-expression of Stardust (Sdt), Discs large 1 (Dlg1), Syntaxin (Syx) and Rugose (Rg) with Alk in the CNS and identified the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase Corkscrew (Csw) as a modulator of Alk signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Uçkun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. https://twitter.com/@uckunezgii
| | - Georg Wolfstetter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sukumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. https://twitter.com/@sanjayssukumar
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Molander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Fuchs
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Egervari G, Siciliano CA, Whiteley EL, Ron D. Alcohol and the brain: from genes to circuits. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:1004-1015. [PMID: 34702580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use produces wide-ranging and diverse effects on the central nervous system. It influences intracellular signaling mechanisms, leading to changes in gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and translation. As a result of these molecular alterations, alcohol affects the activity of neuronal circuits. Together, these mechanisms produce long-lasting cellular adaptations in the brain that in turn can drive the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide an update on alcohol research, focusing on multiple levels of alcohol-induced adaptations, from intracellular changes to changes in neural circuits. A better understanding of how alcohol affects these diverse and interlinked mechanisms may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and to the development of much-needed novel and efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Egervari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Ellanor L Whiteley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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7
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Hamada K, Ferguson LB, Mayfield RD, Krishnan HR, Maienschein-Cline M, Lasek AW. Binge-like ethanol drinking activates anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling and increases the expression of STAT3 target genes in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12729. [PMID: 33641239 PMCID: PMC8944393 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a complex pathogenesis, making it a difficult disorder to treat. Identifying relevant signaling pathways in the brain may be useful for finding new pharmacological targets to treat AUD. The receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activates the transcription factor STAT3 in response to ethanol in cell lines. Here, we show ALK activation and upregulation of known STAT3 target genes (Socs3, Gfap and Tnfrsf1a) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral hippocampus (HPC) of mice after 4 days of binge-like ethanol drinking. Mice treated with the STAT3 inhibitor stattic drank less ethanol than vehicle-treated mice, demonstrating the behavioral importance of STAT3. To identify novel ethanol-induced target genes downstream of the ALK and STAT3 pathway, we analyzed the NIH LINCS L1000 database for gene signature overlap between ALK inhibitor (alectinib and NVP-TAE684) and STAT3 inhibitor (niclosamide) treatments on cell lines. These genes were then compared with differentially expressed genes in the PFC of mice after binge-like drinking. We found 95 unique gene candidates, out of which 57 had STAT3 binding motifs in their promoters. We further showed by qPCR that expression of the putative STAT3 genes Nr1h2, Smarcc1, Smarca4 and Gpnmb were increased in either the PFC or HPC after binge-like drinking. Together, these results indicate activation of the ALK-STAT3 signaling pathway in the brain after binge-like ethanol consumption, identify putative novel ethanol-responsive STAT3 target genes, and suggest that STAT3 inhibition may be a potential method to reduce binge drinking in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hamada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Laura B. Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol Addiction Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R. Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol Addiction Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Harish R. Krishnan
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | | | - Amy W. Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Aberrant role of ALK in tau proteinopathy through autophagosomal dysregulation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5542-5556. [PMID: 33452442 PMCID: PMC8758490 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathy in neurodegenerative diseases is typically characterized by deteriorating activity of specific protein aggregates. In tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau protein abnormally accumulates and induces dysfunction of the affected neurons. Despite active identification of tau modifications responsible for tau aggregation, a critical modulator inducing tau proteinopathy by affecting its protein degradation flux is not known. Here, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is crucial for the tau-mediated AD pathology. ALK caused abnormal accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau in the somatodendritic region of neurons through its tyrosine kinase activity. ALK-induced LC3-positive axon swelling and loss of spine density, leading to tau-dependent neuronal degeneration. Notably, ALK activation in neurons impaired Stx17-dependent autophagosome maturation and this defect was reversed by a dominant-negative Grb2. In a Drosophila melanogaster model, transgenic flies neuronally expressing active Drosophila Alk exhibited the aggravated tau rough eye phenotype with retinal degeneration and shortened lifespan. In contrast, expression of kinase-dead Alk blocked these phenotypes. Consistent with the previous RNAseq analysis showing upregulation of ALK expression in AD [1], ALK levels were significantly elevated in the brains of AD patients showing autophagosomal defects. Injection of an ALK.Fc-lentivirus exacerbated memory impairment in 3xTg-AD mice. Conversely, pharmacologic inhibition of ALK activity with inhibitors reversed the memory impairment and tau accumulation in both 3xTg-AD and tauC3 (caspase-cleaved tau) transgenic mice. Together, we propose that aberrantly activated ALK is a bona fide mediator of tau proteinopathy that disrupts autophagosome maturation and causes tau accumulation and aggregation, leading to neuronal dysfunction in AD.
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Liran M, Rahamim N, Ron D, Barak S. Growth Factors and Alcohol Use Disorder. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a039271. [PMID: 31964648 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic growth factors were originally characterized for their support in neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, and survival during development. However, it has been acknowledged that they also play a vital role in the adult brain. Abnormalities in growth factors have been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). This work focuses on the interaction between alcohol and growth factors. We review literature suggesting that several growth factors play a unique role in the regulation of alcohol consumption, and that breakdown in these growth factor systems is linked to the development of AUD. Specifically, we focus on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We also review the literature on the potential role of midkine (MDK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) and their receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), in AUD. We show that alcohol alters the expression of these growth factors or their receptors in brain regions previously implicated in addiction, and that manipulations on these growth factors and their downstream signaling can affect alcohol-drinking behaviors in animal models. We conclude that there is a need for translational and clinical research to assess the therapeutic potential of new pharmacotherapies targeting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirit Liran
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Rahamim
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California 94143-0663, USA
| | - Segev Barak
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Orthofer M, Valsesia A, Mägi R, Wang QP, Kaczanowska J, Kozieradzki I, Leopoldi A, Cikes D, Zopf LM, Tretiakov EO, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Boehm A, Ticevic M, Nõukas M, Jais A, Spirk K, Clark T, Amann S, Lepamets M, Neumayr C, Arnold C, Dou Z, Kuhn V, Novatchkova M, Cronin SJF, Tietge UJF, Müller S, Pospisilik JA, Nagy V, Hui CC, Lazovic J, Esterbauer H, Hagelkruys A, Tancevski I, Kiefer FW, Harkany T, Haubensak W, Neely GG, Metspalu A, Hager J, Gheldof N, Penninger JM. Identification of ALK in Thinness. Cell 2020; 181:1246-1262.e22. [PMID: 32442405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to weight gain despite an equally obesogenic environment in large parts of the world. Whereas many studies have focused on identifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity, we performed a GWAS on metabolically healthy thin individuals (lowest 6th percentile of the population-wide BMI spectrum) in a uniquely phenotyped Estonian cohort. We discovered anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a candidate thinness gene. In Drosophila, RNAi mediated knockdown of Alk led to decreased triglyceride levels. In mice, genetic deletion of Alk resulted in thin animals with marked resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we found that ALK expression in hypothalamic neurons controls energy expenditure via sympathetic control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Our genetic and mechanistic experiments identify ALK as a thinness gene, which is involved in the resistance to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Margit Nõukas
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Teleri Clark
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Cosmas Arnold
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section for Chemical Neurotransmission, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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11
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Calleja-Conde J, Fernández-Calle R, Zapico JM, Ramos A, de Pascual-Teresa B, Bühler KM, Echeverry-Alzate V, Giné E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, López-Moreno JA, Herradón G. Inhibition of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase β/ζ Reduces Alcohol Intake in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1037-1045. [PMID: 32154588 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK) are cytokines that are up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after alcohol administration and have been shown to reduce alcohol intake and reward. Both cytokines are endogenous inhibitors of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ (a.k.a. PTPRZ1). Recently, a new compound named MY10 was designed with the aim of mimicking the activity of PTN and MK. MY10 has already shown promising results regulating alcohol-related behaviors in mice. METHODS We have now tested the effects of MY10 on alcohol operant self-administration and Drinking In the Dark-Multiple Scheduled Access (DID-MSA) paradigms in rats. Gene expression of relevant genes in the PTN/MK signaling pathway in the PFC was analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS MY10, at the highest dose tested (100 mg/kg), reduced alcohol consumption in the alcohol operant self-administration paradigm (p = 0.040). In the DID-MSA paradigm, rats drank significantly less alcohol (p = 0.019) and showed a significant decrease in alcohol preference (p = 0.002). We observed that the longer the exposure to alcohol, the greater the suppressing effects of MY10 on alcohol consumption. It was demonstrated that the effects of MY10 were specific to alcohol since saccharin intake was not affected by MY10 (p = 0.804). MY10 prevented the alcohol-induced down-regulation of Ptprz1 (p = 0.004) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk; p = 0.013) expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results support and provide further evidence regarding the efficacy of MY10 on alcohol-related behaviors and suggest the consideration of the blockade of RPTPβ/ζ as a target for reducing excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Calleja-Conde
- From the, Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, (JC-C, K-MB, VE-A, JAL-M), School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalía Fernández-Calle
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, (RF-C, GH), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José M Zapico
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, (JMZ, AR, BP-T), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, (JMZ, AR, BP-T), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, (JMZ, AR, BP-T), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kora-Mareen Bühler
- From the, Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, (JC-C, K-MB, VE-A, JAL-M), School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- From the, Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, (JC-C, K-MB, VE-A, JAL-M), School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, (VE-A, FRF), Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Fundación IMABIS, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Giné
- Department of Cellular Biology, (EG), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, (VE-A, FRF), Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Fundación IMABIS, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio López-Moreno
- From the, Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, (JC-C, K-MB, VE-A, JAL-M), School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, (RF-C, GH), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, Spain
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12
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Gaynor SC, Monson ET, Gaine ME, Chimenti MS, Reichman RD, Parsons M, Oonthonpan L, Zandi PP, Potash JB, Willour VL. Male-specific association of the 2p25 region with suicide attempt in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 121:151-158. [PMID: 31830721 PMCID: PMC8344384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of attempted suicide within bipolar disorder, which implicated common variation in the 2p25 region primarily in males. The top association signal from our GWAS occurred in an intergenic region of 2p25 (p = 5.07 × 10-8) and was supported by two independent studies. In the current study, to better characterize the association of the 2p25 region with attempted suicide, we sequenced the entire 350kb 2p25 region in 476 bipolar suicide attempters and 473 bipolar non-attempters using targeted next-generation sequencing. This fine-mapping project identified 4,681 variants in the 2p25 region. We performed both gene-level and individual-variant tests on our sequencing results and identified 375 variants which were nominally significant (p < 0.05) and three common variants that were significantly associated with attempted suicide in males (corrected p = 0.035, odds ratio (OR) = 2.13). These three variants are in strong linkage disequilibrium with the top variant from our GWAS. Our top five variants are also predicted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for three genes in the 2p25 region based on publicly available brain expression databases. Our sequencing and eQTL data implicate these three genes - SH3YL1, ACP1, and FAM150B - and three additional pathways - androgen receptor, Wnt signaling, and glutamatergic/GABAergic signaling - in the association of the 2p25 region with suicide. The current study provides additional support for an association of the 2p25 region with attempted suicide in males and identifies several candidate genes and pathways that warrant further investigation to understand their role in suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Gaynor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric T. Monson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marie E. Gaine
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael S. Chimenti
- Bioinformatics Division, Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rachel D. Reichman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Meredith Parsons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Lalita Oonthonpan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peter P. Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James B. Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Virginia L. Willour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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13
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Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a large family of proteins that transduce extracellular signals to the inside of the cell to ultimately affect important cellular functions such as cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration. They are expressed in the nervous system and can regulate behavior through modulation of neuronal and glial function. As a result, RTKs are implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders such as depression and addiction. Evidence has emerged that 5 RTKs (tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), RET proto-oncogene (RET), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) modulate alcohol drinking and other behaviors related to alcohol addiction. RTKs are considered highly "druggable" targets and small-molecule inhibitors of RTKs have been developed for the treatment of various conditions, particularly cancer. These kinases are therefore attractive targets for the development of new pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). This review will examine the preclinical evidence describing TrkB, RET, ALK, FGFR, and EGFR modulation of alcohol drinking and other behaviors relevant to alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hamada
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA.
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14
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Wadsworth PA, Folorunso O, Nguyen N, Singh AK, D'Amico D, Powell RT, Brunell D, Allen J, Stephan C, Laezza F. High-throughput screening against protein:protein interaction interfaces reveals anti-cancer therapeutics as potent modulators of the voltage-gated Na + channel complex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16890. [PMID: 31729429 PMCID: PMC6858373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channelopathies can be ascribed to subtle changes in the Nav macromolecular complex. Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a functionally relevant component of the Nav1.6 channel complex, a causative link to spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27) and an emerging risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. Yet, how this protein:channel complex is regulated in the cell is still poorly understood. To search for key cellular pathways upstream of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex, we have developed, miniaturized and optimized an in-cell assay in 384-well plates by stably reconstituting the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex using the split-luciferase complementation assay. We then conducted a high-throughput screening (HTS) of 267 FDA-approved compounds targeting known mediators of cellular signaling. Of the 65 hits initially detected, 24 were excluded based on counter-screening and cellular toxicity. Based on target analysis, potency and dose-response relationships, 5 compounds were subsequently repurchased for validation and confirmed as hits. Among those, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib was highest ranked, exhibiting submicromolar inhibition of FGF14:Nav1.6 assembly. While providing evidence for a robust in-cell HTS platform that can be adapted to search for any channelopathy-associated regulatory proteins, these results lay the potential groundwork for repurposing cancer drugs for neuropsychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wadsworth
- MD/PhD Combined Degree Program and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Daniela D'Amico
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Brunell
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Allen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
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15
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Ethanol Experience Enhances Glutamatergic Ventral Hippocampal Inputs to D1 Receptor-Expressing Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2459-2469. [PMID: 30692226 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3051-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies implicate alterations in glutamatergic signaling within the reward circuitry of the brain during alcohol abuse and dependence. A key integrator of glutamatergic signaling in the reward circuit is the nucleus accumbens, more specifically, the dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) within this region, which have been implicated in the formation of dependence to many drugs of abuse including alcohol. D1-MSNs receive glutamatergic input from several brain regions; however, it is not currently known how individual inputs onto D1-MSNs are altered by alcohol experience. Here, we investigate input-specific adaptations in glutamatergic transmission in response to varying levels of alcohol experience. Virally mediated expression of Channelrhodopsin in ventral hippocampal (vHipp) glutamate neurons of male mice allowed for selective activation of vHipp to D1-MSN synapses. Therefore, we were able to compare synaptic adaptations in response to low and high alcohol experience in vitro and in vivo Alcohol experience enhanced glutamatergic activity and abolished LTD at vHipp to D1-MSN synapses. Following chronic alcohol experience, GluA2-lacking AMPARs, which are Ca permeable, were inserted into vHipp to D1-MSN synapses. These findings support the reversal of alcohol-induced insertion of Ca-permeable AMPARs and the enhancement of glutamatergic activity at vHipp to D1-MSNs as potential targets for intervention during early exposure to alcohol.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Given the roles of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in integrating cortical and allocortical information and in reward learning, it is vital to understand how inputs to this region are altered by drugs of abuse such as alcohol. The strength of excitatory inputs from the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) to the NAc has been positively associated with reward-related behaviors, but it is unclear whether or how ethanol affects these inputs. Here we show that vHipp-NAc synapses indeed are altered by ethanol exposure, with vHipp glutamatergic input to the NAc being enhanced following chronic ethanol experience. This work provides insight into ethanol-induced alterations of vHipp-NAc synapses and suggests that, similarly to drugs such as cocaine, the strengthening of these synapses promotes reward behavior.
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16
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Shillinglaw JE, Morrisett RA, Mangieri RA. Ethanol Modulates Glutamatergic Transmission and NMDAR-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Agranular Insular Cortex. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1458. [PMID: 30618752 PMCID: PMC6305468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The agranular insular cortex (AIC) has recently been investigated by the alcohol field because of its connectivity to and modulatory control over limbic and brainstem regions implicated in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and because it has shown involvement in animal models of alcohol drinking. Despite evidence of AIC involvement in AUD, there has not yet been an examination of whether ethanol modulates glutamatergic and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic transmission and plasticity in the AIC. Characterizing how the synaptic transmission and plasticity states of AIC cortical processing neurons are modulated by acute ethanol will likely reveal the molecular targets by which chronic ethanol alters AIC function as alcohol drinking transitions from controlled to problematic. Therefore, we collected brain slices from ethanol-naïve adult male mice, obtained whole-cell recording configuration in layer 2/3 AIC pyramidal neurons, and bath-applied ethanol at pharmacologically relevant concentrations during electrophysiological assays of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that ethanol inhibited electrically evoked N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) in a concentration-related fashion, and had little effect on evoked α-amino-3-hydrox-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid-type receptor (AMPAR)-mediated EPSCs. Ethanol had no effect on spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) or inhibitory GABAAR-mediated post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs). We found that synaptic conditioning (low-frequency stimulation for 15 min at 1 Hz) induced a form of long-term depression (LTD) of evoked AMPAR-mediated EPSCs. The ability to induce LTD was inhibited by a non-selective NMDAR antagonist (DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid), and also by acute, intoxicating concentrations of ethanol. Taken together these data suggest that the glutamate, but not GABA system in the AIC is uniquely sensitive to ethanol, and that in particular NMDAR-mediated processes in the AIC may be disrupted by pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Shillinglaw
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Richard A Morrisett
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Regina A Mangieri
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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17
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Huang H. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: A Catalytic Receptor with Many Faces. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3448. [PMID: 30400214 PMCID: PMC6274813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor is a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase. The pathogenesis of several cancers is closely related to aberrant forms of ALK or aberrant ALK expression, including ALK fusion proteins, ALK-activated point mutations, and ALK amplification. Clinical applications of different ALK inhibitors represent significant progress in targeted therapy. Knowledge of different aspects of ALK biology can provide significant information to further the understanding of this receptor tyrosine kinase. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize different features of ALK. We also summarize some recent research advances on ALK fusion proteins in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Zhang B, Wei W, Qiu J. ALK is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:246-252. [PMID: 29723525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator of host immune responses through the induction of pyroptosis and the release of cytokines. Although the pathologic role of inflammasome in infection and sterile inflammation is well known, the mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains obscure. Here, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a novel regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of ALK through targeted drugs (ceritinib and lorlatinib) or RNAi blocked extracellular ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Mechanically, ALK-mediated NF-κB activation was required for the priming step of NLRP3 upregulation, whereas ALK-mediated lipid peroxidation contributed to the sensing step of NLRP3-NEK7 complex formation. These studies indicate that inhibition of ALK could be utilized to treat NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China.
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19
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Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptors) play a central role in excitatory glutamatergic signaling throughout the brain. As a result, functional changes, especially long-lasting forms of plasticity, have the potential to profoundly alter neuronal function and the expression of adaptive and pathological behaviors. Thus, alcohol-related adaptations in ionotropic glutamate receptors are of great interest, since they could promote excessive alcohol consumption, even after long-term abstinence. Alcohol- and drug-related adaptations in NMDARs have been recently reviewed, while less is known about kainate receptor adaptations. Thus, we focus here on functional changes in AMPARs, tetramers composed of GluA1-4 subunits. Long-lasting increases or decreases in AMPAR function, the so-called long-term potentiation or depression, have widely been considered to contribute to normal and pathological memory states. In addition, a great deal has been learned about the acute regulation of AMPARs by signaling pathways, scaffolding and auxiliary proteins, intracellular trafficking, and other mechanisms. One important common adaptation is a shift in AMPAR subunit composition from GluA2-containing, calcium-impermeable AMPARs (CIARs) to GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPARs (CPARs), which is observed under a broad range of conditions including intoxicant exposure or intake, stress, novelty, food deprivation, and ischemia. This shift has the potential to facilitate AMPAR currents, since CPARs have much greater single-channel currents than CIARs, as well as faster AMPAR activation kinetics (although with faster inactivation) and calcium-related activity. Many tools have been developed to interrogate particular aspects of AMPAR signaling, including compounds that selectively inhibit CPARs, raising exciting translational possibilities. In addition, recent studies have used transgenic animals and/or optogenetics to identify AMPAR adaptations in particular cell types and glutamatergic projections, which will provide critical information about the specific circuits that CPARs act within. Also, less is known about the specific nature of alcohol-related AMPAR adaptations, and thus we use other examples that illustrate more fully how particular AMPAR changes might influence intoxicant-related behavior. Thus, by identifying alcohol-related AMPAR adaptations, the specific molecular events that underlie them, and the cells and projections in which they occur, we hope to better inform the development of new therapeutic interventions for addiction.
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