1
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Bandara V, Niktaras VM, Willett VJ, Chapman H, Lokman NA, Macpherson AM, Napoli S, Gundsambuu B, Foeng J, Sadlon TJ, Coombs J, McColl SR, Barry SC, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. Engineered CAR-T cells targeting the non-functional P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) receptor as a novel treatment for ovarian cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1512. [PMID: 38800555 PMCID: PMC11116765 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies have identified expression of the non-functional P2X7 (nfP2X7) receptor on various malignant cells including ovarian cancer, but not on normal cells, which makes it a promising tumour-associated antigen candidate for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell immunotherapies. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic effects of nfP2X7-CAR-T cells on ovarian cancer using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods We evaluated the effects of nfP2X7-CAR-T cells on ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV-3, OVCAR3, OVCAR5), normal peritoneal cells (LP-9) and primary serous ovarian cancer cells derived from patient ascites in vitro using monolayer and 3D spheroid assays. We also evaluated the effects of nfP2X7-CAR-T cells on patient-derived tissue explants, which recapitulate an intact tumour microenvironment. In addition, we investigated the effect of nfP2X7-CAR-T cells in vivo using the OVCAR-3 xenograft model in NOD-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Results Our study found that nfP2X7-CAR-T cells were cytotoxic and significantly inhibited survival of OVCAR3, OVCAR5 and primary serous ovarian cancer cells compared with un-transduced CD3+ T cells in vitro. However, no significant effects of nfP2X7-CAR-T cells were observed for SKOV3 or normal peritoneal cells (LP-9) cells with low P2X7 receptor expression. Treatment with nfP2X7-CAR-T cells increased apoptosis compared with un-transduced T cells in patient-derived explants and correlated with CD3 positivity. Treatment with nfP2X7-CAR-T cells significantly reduced OVCAR3 tumour burden in mice compared with un-transduced CD3 cells for 7-8 weeks. Conclusion This study demonstrates that nfP2X7-CAR-T cells have great potential to be developed as a novel immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Victoria M Niktaras
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Vasiliki J Willett
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Hayley Chapman
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Anne M Macpherson
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Silvana Napoli
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Jade Foeng
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Timothy J Sadlon
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Justin Coombs
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Gynaecological OncologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
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Ferreira NCDS, Viviani LG, Lima LM, do Amaral AT, Romano JVP, Fortunato AL, Soares RF, Alberto AVP, Coelho Neto JA, Alves LA. A Hybrid Approach Combining Shape-Based and Docking Methods to Identify Novel Potential P2X7 Antagonists from Natural Product Databases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:592. [PMID: 38794162 PMCID: PMC11123696 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is an ATP-activated purinergic receptor implicated in pro-inflammatory responses. It is associated with the development of several diseases, including inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions. Although several P2X7 receptor antagonists have recently been reported in the literature, none of them is approved for clinical use. However, the structure of the known antagonists can serve as a scaffold for discovering effective compounds in clinical therapy. This study aimed to propose an improved virtual screening methodology for the identification of novel potential P2X7 receptor antagonists from natural products through the combination of shape-based and docking approaches. First, a shape-based screening was performed based on the structure of JNJ-47965567, a P2X7 antagonist, using two natural product compound databases, MEGx (~5.8 × 103 compounds) and NATx (~32 × 103 compounds). Then, the compounds selected by the proposed shape-based model, with Shape-Tanimoto score values ranging between 0.624 and 0.799, were filtered for drug-like properties. Finally, the compounds that met the drug-like filter criteria were docked into the P2X7 allosteric binding site, using the docking programs GOLD and DockThor. The docking poses with the best score values were submitted to careful visual inspection of the P2X7 allosteric binding site. Based on our established visual inspection criteria, four compounds from the MEGx database and four from the NATx database were finally selected as potential P2X7 receptor antagonists. The selected compounds are structurally different from known P2X7 antagonists, have drug-like properties, and are predicted to interact with key P2X7 allosteric binding pocket residues, including F88, F92, F95, F103, M105, F108, Y295, Y298, and I310. Therefore, the combination of shape-based screening and docking approaches proposed in our study has proven useful in selecting potential novel P2X7 antagonist candidates from natural-product-derived compounds databases. This approach could also be useful for selecting potential inhibitors/antagonists of other receptors and/or biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natiele Carla da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | - Lucas Gasparello Viviani
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.G.V.); (A.T.d.A.)
| | - Lauro Miranda Lima
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | | | - João Victor Paiva Romano
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Anderson Lage Fortunato
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | - Rafael Ferreira Soares
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Anael Viana Pinto Alberto
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | - Jose Aguiar Coelho Neto
- National Institute of Industrial Property, Rio de Janeiro 20090-910, Brazil;
- Tijuca Campus, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro 20271-020, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
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Notarangelo MP, Penolazzi L, Lambertini E, Falzoni S, De Bonis P, Capanni C, Di Virgilio F, Piva R. The NFATc1/P2X7 receptor relationship in human intervertebral disc cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1368318. [PMID: 38638530 PMCID: PMC11024252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1368318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the molecules that play key roles in the physiological and pathological homeostasis of the human intervertebral disc (IVD) remains challenging, as does the development of new therapeutic treatments. We recently found a positive correlation between IVD degeneration (IDD) and P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expression increases both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Using immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), overexpression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that NFATc1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are critical regulators of P2X7R. Both transcription factors are recruited at the promoter of the P2RX7 gene and involved in its positive and negative regulation, respectively. Furthermore, using the proximity ligation assay, we revealed that P2X7R and NFATc1 form a molecular complex and that P2X7R is closely associated with lamin A/C, a major component of the nuclear lamina. Collectively, our study identifies, for the first time, P2X7R and NFATc1 as markers of IVD degeneration and demonstrates that both NFATc1 and lamin A/C are interaction partners of P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Bonis
- Neurosurgery Department, Sant’Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Stauffer PE, Brinkley J, Jacobson D, Quaranta V, Tyson DR. Purinergic Ca 2+ signaling as a novel mechanism of drug tolerance in BRAF mutant melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.03.565532. [PMID: 37961267 PMCID: PMC10635130 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug tolerance is a major cause of relapse after cancer treatment. In spite of intensive efforts1-9, its molecular basis remains poorly understood, hampering actionable intervention. We report a previously unrecognized signaling mechanism supporting drug tolerance in BRAF-mutant melanoma treated with BRAF inhibitors that could be of general relevance to other cancers. Its key features are cell-intrinsic intracellular Ca2+ signaling initiated by P2X7 receptors (purinergic ligand-gated cation channels), and an enhanced ability for these Ca2+ signals to reactivate ERK1/2 in the drug-tolerant state. Extracellular ATP, virtually ubiquitous in living systems, is the ligand that can initiate Ca2+ spikes via P2X7 channels. ATP is abundant in the tumor microenvironment and is released by dying cells, ironically implicating treatment-initiated cancer cell death as a source of trophic stimuli that leads to ERK reactivation and drug tolerance. Such a mechanism immediately offers an explanation of the inevitable relapse after BRAFi treatment in BRAF-mutant melanoma, and points to actionable strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordon Brinkley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Jacobson
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Darren R Tyson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
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5
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Charras A, Hofmann SR, Cox A, Schulze F, Russ S, Northey S, Liu X, Fang Y, Haldenby S, Hartmann H, Bassuk AG, Carvalho A, Sposito F, Grinstein L, Rösen-Wolff A, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Beresford MW, Lainka E, Foell D, Wittkowski H, Girschick HJ, Morbach H, Uebe S, Hüffmeier U, Ferguson PJ, Hedrich CM. P2RX7 gene variants associate with altered inflammasome assembly and reduced pyroptosis in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO). J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103183. [PMID: 38401466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), an autoinflammatory bone disease primarily affecting children, can cause pain, hyperostosis and fractures, affecting quality-of-life and psychomotor development. This study investigated CNO-associated variants in P2RX7, encoding for the ATP-dependent trans-membrane K+ channel P2X7, and their effects on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Whole exome sequencing in two related transgenerational CNO patients, and target sequencing of P2RX7 in a large CNO cohort (N = 190) were conducted. Results were compared with publicly available datasets and regional controls (N = 1873). Findings were integrated with demographic and clinical data. Patient-derived monocytes and genetically modified THP-1 cells were used to investigate potassium flux, inflammasome assembly, pyroptosis, and cytokine release. Rare presumably damaging P2RX7 variants were identified in two related CNO patients. Targeted P2RX7 sequencing identified 62 CNO patients with rare variants (32.4%), 11 of which (5.8%) carried presumably damaging variants (MAF <1%, SIFT "deleterious", Polyphen "probably damaging", CADD >20). This compared to 83 of 1873 controls (4.4%), 36 with rare and presumably damaging variants (1.9%). Across the CNO cohort, rare variants unique to one (Median: 42 versus 3.7) or more (≤11 patients) participants were over-represented when compared to 190 randomly selected controls. Patients with rare damaging variants more frequently experienced gastrointestinal symptoms and lymphadenopathy while having less spinal, joint and skin involvement (psoriasis). Monocyte-derived macrophages from patients, and genetically modified THP-1-derived macrophages reconstituted with CNO-associated P2RX7 variants exhibited altered potassium flux, inflammasome assembly, IL-1β and IL-18 release, and pyroptosis. Damaging P2RX7 variants occur in a small subset of CNO patients, and rare P2RX7 variants may represent a CNO risk factor. Observations argue for inflammasome inhibition and/or cytokine blockade and may allow future patient stratification and individualized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Charras
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sigrun R Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Allison Cox
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Northey
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Xuan Liu
- Centre of Genome Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre of Genome Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam Haldenby
- Centre of Genome Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hella Hartmann
- Light Microscopy Facility, Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ana Carvalho
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Francesca Sposito
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Lev Grinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elke Lainka
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany on behalf of the German Autoinflammatory Disease Network (AID Net), Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department for Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Germany on behalf of the German Autoinflammatory Disease Network (AID Net), Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department for Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Germany on behalf of the German Autoinflammatory Disease Network (AID Net), Germany
| | | | - Henner Morbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hüffmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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6
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de Carvalho Braga G, Coiado JV, de Melo VC, Loureiro BB, Bagatini MD. Cutaneous melanoma and purinergic modulation by phenolic compounds. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10002-5. [PMID: 38498100 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a complex pathology that still has only treatments that lack efficiency and offer many adverse effects. Due to this scenario emerges the need to analyze other possible treatments against this disease, such as the effect of phenolic compounds. These substances have proven antitumor effects, but still have not been fully explored as a form of therapy to combat melanoma. Also, the purinergic receptors, along with its system molecules, take part in the formation of tumors from many pathways, such as the actions of ectoenzymes and receptors activity, especially P2Rs family, and are formed by structures that can be modulated by the phenolic compounds. Therefore, more studies have to be made with the aim of explaining the purinergic system activity in carcinogenesis of cutaneous melanoma and the effects of its modulation by phenolic compound, in order to enable the development of new therapies to combat this aggressive and feared cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Victor Coiado
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Wang H, Wei Y, Wang N. Purinergic pathways and their clinical use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09997-8. [PMID: 38446337 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of various therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T), the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still generally poor. However, immunotherapy is currently a hot topic in the treatment of hematological tumors. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) via CD39, and ADP can be converted to adenosine via CD73, which can bind to P1 and P2 receptors to exert immunomodulatory effects. Research on the mechanism of the purinergic signaling pathway can provide a new direction for the treatment of AML, and inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been discovered by several researchers and gradually applied in the clinic. In this paper, the mechanism of the purinergic signaling pathway and its clinical application are described, revealing a new target for the treatment of AML and subsequent improvement in patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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8
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Acuña-Castillo C, Escobar A, García-Gómez M, Bachelet VC, Huidobro-Toro JP, Sauma D, Barrera-Avalos C. P2X7 Receptor in Dendritic Cells and Macrophages: Implications in Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2495. [PMID: 38473744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor, a member of the P2X purinergic receptor family, is a non-selective ion channel. Over the years, it has been associated with various biological functions, from modulating to regulating inflammation. However, its emerging role in antigen presentation has captured the scientific community's attention. This function is essential for the immune system to identify and respond to external threats, such as pathogens and tumor cells, through T lymphocytes. New studies show that the P2X7 receptor is crucial for controlling how antigens are presented and how T cells are activated. These studies focus on antigen-presenting cells, like dendritic cells and macrophages. This review examines how the P2X7 receptor interferes with effective antigen presentation and activates T cells and discusses the fundamental mechanisms that can affect the immune response. Understanding these P2X7-mediated processes in great detail opens up exciting opportunities to create new immunological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratorio Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Moira García-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Vivienne C Bachelet
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Av. Del Valle Norte 725, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile
| | - Carlos Barrera-Avalos
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
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9
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Zhou S, Luo H, Zhang W. Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345625. [PMID: 38370420 PMCID: PMC10869479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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10
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Zhang GP, Liao JX, Liu YY, Zhu FQ, Huang HJ, Zhang WJ. Ion channel P2X7 receptor in the progression of cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1297775. [PMID: 38273855 PMCID: PMC10808724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1297775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7) is a non-selective and ATP-sensitive ligand-gated cation channel. Studies have confirmed that it is expressed in a variety of cells and correlates with their function, frequently in immune cells and tumor cells. We found increased expression of this receptor in many tumor cells, and it has a role in tumor survival and progression. In immune cells, upregulation of the receptor has a double effect on tumor suppression as well as tumor promotion. This review describes the structure of P2X7 and its role in the tumor microenvironment and presents possible mechanisms of P2X7 in tumor invasion and metastasis. Understanding the potential of P2X7 for tumor treatment, we also present several therapeutic agents targeting P2X7 and their mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the study of P2X7 is an important guideline for the use of clinical tumor therapy and may be able to provide a new idea for tumor treatment, but considering the complexity of the biological effects of P2X7, the drugs should be used with caution in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Critical Medicine, Ganzhou people’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-xiang Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-yi Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fu-qi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-jin Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun S, Wu L. Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14496. [PMID: 37950524 PMCID: PMC10805404 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual's brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain-related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target. AIMS To expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research. METHODS We reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R-related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation. RESULTS P2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R-mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management. CONCLUSIONS Microglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haozhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Li‐an Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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12
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Mao X, Shen J. Potential roles of enteric glial cells in Crohn's disease: A critical review. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13536. [PMID: 37551711 PMCID: PMC10771111 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cells in the enteric nervous system are critical for the regulation of gastrointestinal homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests two-way communication between enteric glial cells and both enteric neurons and immune cells. These interactions may be important in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic relapsing disease characterized by a dysregulated immune response. Structural abnormalities in glial cells have been identified in CD. Furthermore, classical inflammatory pathways associated with CD (e.g., the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway) function in enteric glial cells. However, the specific mechanisms by which enteric glial cells contribute to CD have not been summarized in detail. In this review, we describe the possible roles of enteric glial cells in the pathogenesis of CD, including the roles of glia-immune interactions, neuronal modulation, neural plasticity, and barrier integrity. Additionally, the implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for CD based on enteric glial cell-mediated pathogenic processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBaoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMinistry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive DiseaseShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBaoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMinistry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive DiseaseShanghaiChina
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13
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Olivier E, Rat P. Role of Oxysterols in Ocular Degeneration Mechanisms and Involvement of P2X7 Receptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:277-292. [PMID: 38036885 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocular degeneration, including cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, is a major public health challenge, as it affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide and, in its advanced stages, leads to blindness. Ocular degeneration, although it can affect different parts of the eye, shares common characteristics such as oxysterols and the P2X7 receptor. Indeed, oxysterols, which are cholesterol derivatives, are associated with ocular degeneration pathogenesis and trigger inflammation and cell death pathways. Activation of the P2X7 receptor is also linked to ocular degeneration and triggers the same pathways. In age-related macular degeneration, these two key players have been associated, but further studies are needed to extrapolate this interrelationship to other ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Rat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, CiTCoM, Paris, France
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14
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Calderón-García AÁ, Valencia-Nieto L, Valencia-Sandonis C, López-de la Rosa A, Blanco-Vazquez M, Fernández I, García-Vázquez C, Arroyo-Del Arroyo C, González-García MJ, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Gene expression changes in conjunctival cells associated with contact lens wear and discomfort. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:31-42. [PMID: 38128761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the differences in the expression of pain-related genes in conjunctival epithelial cells among symptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers (SCLWs), asymptomatic CL wearers (ACLWs), and non-CL wearers (non-CLWs). METHODS For this study, 60 participants (20 non-CLWs, 40 CLWs) were enrolled. The CLW group comprised 20 ACLWs and 20 SCLWs according to the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire short form©. Conjunctival cells were collected using impression cytology, and RNA was isolated and used to determine the expression levels of 85 human genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The effects of CL wear and discomfort were evaluated using mixed-effects ANOVA with partially nested fixed-effects model. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to assign biological meaning to sets of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Six genes (CD200, EDN1, GRIN1, PTGS1, P2RX7, and TNF) were significantly upregulated in CLWs compared to non-CLWs. Eleven genes (ADORA1, BDKRB1, CACNA1B, DBH, GRIN1, GRM1, HTR1A, PDYN, PTGS1, P2RX3, and TNF) were downregulated in SCLWs compared to ACLWs. These genes were mainly related to pain, synaptic transmission and signaling, ion transport, calcium transport and concentration, and cell-cell signaling. CONCLUSIONS CL wear modified the expression of pain- and inflammation-related genes in conjunctival epithelial cells. These changes may be in part, along with other mechanisms, responsible for CL discomfort in SCLWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ángel Calderón-García
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Valencia-Nieto
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Valencia-Sandonis
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alberto López-de la Rosa
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Blanco-Vazquez
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Itziar Fernández
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Vázquez
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arroyo-Del Arroyo
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María J González-García
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
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15
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Okon E, Gaweł-Bęben K, Jarzab A, Koch W, Kukula-Koch W, Wawruszak A. Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives for Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15789. [PMID: 37958772 PMCID: PMC10648492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. In recent years, significant progress has been made in BC therapy. However, serious side effects resulting from the use of standard chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR), limit the effectiveness of approved therapies. Advanced research in the BC area is necessary to create more effective and safer forms of therapy to improve the outlook for individuals diagnosed with this aggressive neoplasm. For decades, plants and natural products with anticancer properties have been successfully utilized in treating various medical conditions. Anthraquinone derivatives are tricyclic secondary metabolites of natural origin that have been identified in plants, lichens, and fungi. They represent a few botanical families, e.g., Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, and others. The review comprehensively covers and analyzes the most recent advances in the anticancer activity of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives (emodin, aloe-emodin, hypericin, chrysophanol, rhein, and physcion) applied both individually, or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, in in vitro and in vivo BC models. The application of nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo evidence in the context of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.)
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16
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Sainz RM, Rodriguez-Quintero JH, Maldifassi MC, Stiles BM, Wennerberg E. Tumour immune escape via P2X7 receptor signalling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287310. [PMID: 38022596 PMCID: PMC10643160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While P2X7 receptor expression on tumour cells has been characterized as a promotor of cancer growth and metastasis, its expression by the host immune system is central for orchestration of both innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. The role of P2X7R in anti-tumour immunity is complex and preclinical studies have described opposing roles of the P2X7R in regulating immune responses against tumours. Therefore, few P2X7R modulators have reached clinical testing in cancer patients. Here, we review the prognostic value of P2X7R in cancer, how P2X7R have been targeted to date in tumour models, and we discuss four aspects of how tumours skew immune responses to promote immune escape via the P2X7R; non-pore functional P2X7Rs, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases, ectonucleotidases, and immunoregulatory cells. Lastly, we discuss alternative approaches to offset tumour immune escape via P2X7R to enhance immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. Sainz
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Humberto Rodriguez-Quintero
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Constanza Maldifassi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Brendon M. Stiles
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erik Wennerberg
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Mafra JCM, Boechat N, Teixeira GP, Faria RX. Synthetic molecules as P2X7 receptor antagonists: A medicinal chemistry update focusing the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175999. [PMID: 37619787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate induces a series of responses in the organism, exceptionally protein cascades related to the proinflammatory process. This has made P2X7 a target for research on inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, the incessant search for new prototypes that aim to antagonize the action of P2X7 has been remarkable in recent decades, a factor that has already led to numerous clinical studies in humans. In this review, we present the key molecules developed over the years with potential inhibition of P2X7 and inflammation. In addition, an update with newly developed chemical classes with promising activity and results in clinical studies for human pathologies focusing on P2X7 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Martins Mafra
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos (LASFAR) - Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz Brazil; Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro - IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos (LASFAR) - Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Pegas Teixeira
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro Fiocruz Brazil.
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro Fiocruz Brazil.
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18
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Huo A, Xiong X. PAICS as a potential target for cancer therapy linking purine biosynthesis to cancer progression. Life Sci 2023; 331:122070. [PMID: 37673296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are required to undergo metabolic reprogramming for rapid development and progression, and one of the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells is the excessive synthesis and utilization of nucleotides. Abnormally increased nucleotides and their metabolites not only directly accelerate tumor cell progression but also indirectly act on stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via a paracrine manner to regulate tumor progression. Purine nucleotides are mainly produced via de novo nucleotide synthesis in tumor cells; therefore, intervening in their synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. De novo purine synthesis is a 10-step reaction catalyzed by six enzymes to synthesize inosine 5-monophosphate (IMP) and subsequently synthesize AMP and GMP. Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori-bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes de novo purine synthesis. Aberrantly elevated PAICS expression in various tumors is associated with poor prognosis. Evidence suggests that PAICS and its catalytic product, N-succinylcarboxamide-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR), could inhibit tumor cell apoptosis and promote the growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis by regulating signaling pathways such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and so on. This review summarizes the structure, biological functions and the molecular mechanisms of PAICS in cancer development and discusses its potential to be a target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Huo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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19
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Ai Y, Wang H, Liu L, Qi Y, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Purine and purinergic receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e359. [PMID: 37692109 PMCID: PMC10484181 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purines and purinergic receptors are widely distributed throughout the human body. Purine molecules within cells play crucial roles in regulating energy metabolism and other cellular processes, while extracellular purines transmit signals through specific purinergic receptors. The ubiquitous purinergic signaling maintains normal neural excitability, digestion and absorption, respiratory movement, and other complex physiological activities, and participates in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. Pathological dysregulation of purinergic signaling can result in the development of various diseases, including neurodegeneration, inflammatory reactions, and malignant tumors. The dysregulation or dysfunction of purines and purinergic receptors has been demonstrated to be closely associated with tumor progression. Compared with other subtypes of purinergic receptors, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) exhibits distinct characteristics (i.e., a low affinity for ATP, dual functionality upon activation, the mediation of ion channels, and nonselective pores formation) and is considered a promising target for antitumor therapy, particularly in patients with poor response to immunotherapy This review summarizes the physiological and pathological significance of purinergic signaling and purinergic receptors, analyzes their complex relationship with tumors, and proposes potential antitumor immunotherapy strategies from tumor P2X7R inhibition, tumor P2X7R overactivation, and host P2X7R activation. This review provides a reference for clinical immunotherapy and mechanism investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ai
- Department of OncologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Lu Liu
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Yulin Qi
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and EngineeringCollege of Biomedical EngineeringChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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20
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Hetmann A, Szymczak B, Czarnecka J, Rusak T, Wiśniewski M, Wujak M, Roszek K. Adenylate kinase immobilized on graphene oxide impairs progression of human lung carcinoma epithelial cells through adenosinergic pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1565-1576. [PMID: 37162101 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling, the oldest evolutionary transmitter system, has been increasingly studied as a pivotal target for novel anti-cancer therapies. In the present work, the developed nanobiocatalytic system consisting of adenylate kinase immobilized on graphene oxide (AK-GO) was characterized in terms of its physicochemical and biochemical properties. We put special emphasis on the AK-GO influence on purinergic signaling components, that is, ecto-nucleotides concentration and ecto-enzymes expression and activity in human lung carcinoma epithelial (A549) cells. The immobilization-dependent modification of AK kinetic parameters allowed for the removal of ATP excess while maintaining low ATP concentrations, efficient decrease in adenosine concentration, and control of the nucleotide balance in carcinoma cells. The cyto- and hemocompatibility of developed AK-GO nanobiocatalytic system indicates that it can be successfully harnessed for biomedical applications. In A549 cells treated with AK-GO nanobiocatalytic system, the significantly decreased adenosinergic signaling results in reduction of the proliferation and migration capability of cancer cells. This finding is particularly relevant in regard to AK-GO prospective anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hetmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szymczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rusak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Adsorption and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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Adinolfi E, De Marchi E, Grignolo M, Szymczak B, Pegoraro A. The P2X7 Receptor in Oncogenesis and Metastatic Dissemination: New Insights on Vesicular Release and Adenosinergic Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13906. [PMID: 37762206 PMCID: PMC10531279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor niche is an environment rich in extracellular ATP (eATP) where purinergic receptors have essential roles in different cell subtypes, including cancer, immune, and stromal cells. Here, we give an overview of recent discoveries regarding the role of probably the best-characterized purinergic receptor in the tumor microenvironment: P2X7. We cover the activities of the P2X7 receptor and its human splice variants in solid and liquid cancer proliferation, dissemination, and crosstalk with immune and endothelial cells. Particular attention is paid to the P2X7-dependent release of microvesicles and exosomes, their content, including ATP and miRNAs, and, in general, P2X7-activated mechanisms favoring metastatic spread and niche conditioning. Moreover, the emerging role of P2X7 in influencing the adenosinergic axis, formed by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and the adenosine receptor A2A in cancer, is analyzed. Finally, we cover how antitumor therapy responses can be influenced by or can change P2X7 expression and function. This converging evidence suggests that P2X7 is an attractive therapeutic target for oncological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Marianna Grignolo
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Bartosz Szymczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
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22
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Bandara V, Foeng J, Gundsambuu B, Norton TS, Napoli S, McPeake DJ, Tyllis TS, Rohani-Rad E, Abbott C, Mills SJ, Tan LY, Thompson EJ, Willet VM, Nikitaras VJ, Zheng J, Comerford I, Johnson A, Coombs J, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Cowin AJ, Bonder CS, Jensen M, Sadlon TJ, McColl SR, Barry SC. Pre-clinical validation of a pan-cancer CAR-T cell immunotherapy targeting nfP2X7. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5546. [PMID: 37684239 PMCID: PMC10491676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is a novel treatment that genetically modifies the patients' own T cells to target and kill malignant cells. However, identification of tumour-specific antigens expressed on multiple solid cancer types, remains a major challenge. P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) is a cell surface expressed ATP gated cation channel, and a dysfunctional version of P2X7, named nfP2X7, has been identified on cancer cells from multiple tissues, while being undetectable on healthy cells. We present a prototype -human CAR-T construct targeting nfP2X7 showing potential antigen-specific cytotoxicity against twelve solid cancer types (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, brain and skin). In xenograft mouse models of breast and prostate cancer, CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 exhibit robust anti-tumour efficacy. These data indicate that nfP2X7 is a suitable immunotherapy target because of its broad expression on human tumours. CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 have potential as a wide-spectrum cancer immunotherapy for solid tumours in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jade Foeng
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Todd S Norton
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Silvana Napoli
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dylan J McPeake
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Timona S Tyllis
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Elaheh Rohani-Rad
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Stuart J Mills
- University of South Australia, STEM (Future Industries Institute) SA, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Lih Y Tan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Emma J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Vasiliki M Willet
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Victoria J Nikitaras
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jieren Zheng
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Adam Johnson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Justin Coombs
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- University of South Australia, STEM (Future Industries Institute) SA, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Jensen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Timothy J Sadlon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
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23
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Jia W, Huang Z, Zhou L, Liou YC, Di Virgilio F, Ulrich H, Illes P, Zhang W, Huang C, Tang Y. Purinergic signalling in cancer therapeutic resistance: From mechanisms to targeting strategies. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 70:100988. [PMID: 37413937 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, consisting of extracellular purines and purinergic receptors, modulates cell proliferation, invasion and immunological reaction during cancer progression. Here, we focus on current evidence that suggests the crucial role of purinergic signalling in mediating cancer therapeutic resistance, the major obstacle in cancer treatment. Mechanistically, purinergic signalling can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anti-tumor immunity, thus affecting drug sensitivity of tumor cells. Currently, some agents attempting to target purinergic signalling either in tumor cells or in tumor-associated immune cells are under preclinical or clinical investigation. Moreover, nano-based delivery technologies significantly improve the efficacy of agents targeting purinergic signalling. In this review article, we summarize the mechanisms of purinergic signalling in promoting cancer therapeutic resistance and discuss the potentials and challenges of targeting purinergic signalling in future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of TCM-Based Stress Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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24
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Cevoli F, Arnould B, Peralta FA, Grutter T. Untangling Macropore Formation and Current Facilitation in P2X7. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10896. [PMID: 37446075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macropore formation and current facilitation are intriguing phenomena associated with ATP-gated P2X7 receptors (P2X7). Macropores are large pores formed in the cell membrane that allow the passage of large molecules. The precise mechanisms underlying macropore formation remain poorly understood, but recent evidence suggests two alternative pathways: a direct entry through the P2X7 pore itself, and an indirect pathway triggered by P2X7 activation involving additional proteins, such as TMEM16F channel/scramblase. On the other hand, current facilitation refers to the progressive increase in current amplitude and activation kinetics observed with prolonged or repetitive exposure to ATP. Various mechanisms, including the activation of chloride channels and intrinsic properties of P2X7, have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. In this comprehensive review, we present an in-depth overview of P2X7 current facilitation and macropore formation, highlighting new findings and proposing mechanistic models that may offer fresh insights into these untangled processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cevoli
- Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives (CAMB) UMR 7199, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Benoit Arnould
- Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives (CAMB) UMR 7199, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Francisco Andrés Peralta
- Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives (CAMB) UMR 7199, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Thomas Grutter
- Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives (CAMB) UMR 7199, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
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25
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Norouzi A, Liaghat M, Bakhtiyari M, Noorbakhsh Varnosfaderani SM, Zalpoor H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Molania T. The potential role of COVID-19 in progression, chemo-resistance, and tumor recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral Oncol 2023; 144:106483. [PMID: 37421672 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that cancer patients are more likely to develop severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which can cause mortality, as well as cancer progression and treatment failure. Among these patients who may be particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-associated cancer progression are those with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this regard, therapeutic approaches must be developed to lower the risk of cancer development, chemo-resistance, tumor recurrence, and death in OSCC patients with COVID-19. It may be helpful to comprehend the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributes to these problems. In this line, in this review, we described the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 can exert its role and based on them pharmacological targeted therapies were suggested. However, in this study, we encourage more investigations in the future to uncover other cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of SARS-CoV-2 to develop beneficial therapeutic strategies for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Norouzi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- Department of Medical Laboratory sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Molania
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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26
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Kao YC, Chang YW, Lai CP, Chang NW, Huang CH, Chen CS, Huang HC, Juan HF. Ectopic ATP synthase stimulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles in cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:642. [PMID: 37322056 PMCID: PMC10272197 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCT Ectopic ATP synthase on the plasma membrane (eATP synthase) has been found in various cancer types and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, whether it provides a functional role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, quantitative proteomics reveals that cancer cells under starvation stress express higher eATP synthase and enhance the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are vital regulators within the tumor microenvironment. Further results show that eATP synthase generates extracellular ATP to stimulate EV secretion by enhancing P2X7 receptor-triggered Ca2+ influx. Surprisingly, eATP synthase is also located on the surface of tumor-secreted EVs. The EVs-surface eATP synthase increases the uptake of tumor-secreted EVs in Jurkat T-cells via association with Fyn, a plasma membrane protein found in immune cells. The eATP synthase-coated EVs uptake subsequently represses the proliferation and cytokine secretion of Jurkat T-cells. This study clarifies the role of eATP synthase on EV secretion and its influence on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Kao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Charles P Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety / Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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27
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Rupert M, Bhattacharya A, Sivcev S, Knezu M, Cimicka J, Zemkova H. Identification of residues in the first transmembrane domain of the P2X7 that regulates receptor trafficking, sensitization, and dye uptake function. J Neurochem 2023; 165:874-891. [PMID: 36945903 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
P2X receptors (P2X1-7) are trimeric ion channels activated by extracellular ATP. Each P2X subunit contains two transmembrane helices (TM1 and TM2). We substituted all residues in TM1 of rat P2X7 with alanine or leucine one by one, expressed mutants in HEK293T cells, and examined the pore permeability by recording both membrane currents and fluorescent dye uptake in response to agonist application. Alanine substitution of G27, K30, H34, Y40, F43, L45, M46, and D48 inhibited agonist-stimulated membrane current and dye uptake, and all but one substitution, D48A, prevented surface expression. Mutation V41A partially reduced both membrane current and dye uptake, while W31A and A44L showed reduced dye uptake not accompanied by reduced membrane current. Mutations T28A, I29A, and L33A showed small changes in agonist sensitivity, but they had no or small impact on dye uptake function. Replacing charged residues with residues of the same charge (K30R, H34K, and D48E) rescued receptor function, while replacement with residues of opposite charge inhibited (K30E and H34E) or potentiated (D48K) receptor function. Prolonged stimulation with agonist-induced current facilitation and a leftward shift in the dose-response curve in the P2X7 wild-type and most functional mutants, but sensitization was absent in the W31A, L33A, and A44L. Detailed analysis of the decay of responses revealed two kinetically distinct mechanisms of P2X7 deactivation: fast represents agonist unbinding, and slow might represent resetting of the receptor to the resting closed state. These results indicate that conserved and receptor-specific TM1 residues control surface expression of the P2X7 protein, non-polar residues control receptor sensitization, and D48 regulates intrinsic channel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rupert
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anirban Bhattacharya
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sonja Sivcev
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Knezu
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cimicka
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Zemkova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Pacheco PAF, Faria JV, Silva AC, von Ranke NL, Silva RC, Rodrigues CR, da Rocha DR, Faria RX. In silico and pharmacological study of N,S-acetal juglone derivatives as inhibitors of the P2X7 receptor-promoted in vitro and in vivo inflammatory response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114608. [PMID: 37003033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors are transmembrane proteins responsive to extracellular nucleotides and are expressed by several cell types throughout the human body. Among all identified subtypes, the P2×7 receptor has emerged as a relevant target for the treatment of inflammatory disease. Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of P2×7R antagonists. However, to date, no selective antagonist has reached clinical use. In this work, we report the pharmacological evaluation of eleven N, S-acetal juglone derivatives as P2×7R inhibitors. Using in vitro assays and in vivo experimental models, we identified one derivative with promising inhibitory activity and low toxicity. Our in silico studies indicate that the 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety might be a valuable molecular scaffold for the development of novel P2×7R antagonists, as suggested by our previous studies.
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29
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Janho Dit Hreich S, Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. The Role of IL-18 in P2RX7-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119235. [PMID: 37298187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide despite the variety of treatments that are currently used. This is due to an innate or acquired resistance to therapy that encourages the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance. This review will focus on the role of the purinergic receptor P2RX7 in the control of tumor growth, through its ability to modulate antitumor immunity by releasing IL-18. In particular, we describe how the ATP-induced receptor activities (cationic exchange, large pore opening and NLRP3 inflammasome activation) modulate immune cell functions. Furthermore, we recapitulate our current knowledge of the production of IL-18 downstream of P2RX7 activation and how IL-18 controls the fate of tumor growth. Finally, the potential of targeting the P2RX7/IL-18 pathway in combination with classical immunotherapies to fight cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Janho Dit Hreich
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06108 Nice, France
- IHU RespirEREA, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France
- FHU OncoAge, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- IHU RespirEREA, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Biobank, Pasteur Hospital, 06108 Nice, France
- Hospital-Related Biobank, Pasteur Hospital, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Valérie Vouret-Craviari
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06108 Nice, France
- IHU RespirEREA, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France
- FHU OncoAge, 06108 Nice, France
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30
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Gutknecht da Silva JL, Passos DF, Cabral FL, Miron VV, Schetinger MRC, Cardoso AA, Dal Piva CH, Gomes CO, Ebone RS, Leal DBR. Istradefylline induces A2A/P2X7 crosstalk expression inducing pro-inflammatory signal, and reduces AKT/mTOR signaling in melanoma-bearing mice. Med Oncol 2023; 40:178. [PMID: 37188995 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP and adenosine (ADO) are critical players in the context of cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, the signaling dependent on these molecules, and immune cells, is regulated by an enzymatic chain and purinergic receptors called purinome. Primarily, the A2A receptor (A2AR) has a pro-tumor action since it reduces the immune response and favors the growth of malignant melanoma. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of A2AR antagonism with Istradefylline (IST) on the purinergic signaling profile of the melanoma tumor and immunological compartments. We observed reduced tumor growth of melanoma in IST-treated animals. IST inhibited AKT/mTOR pathway, which is involved with tumor growth. In the tumor, spleen, and thymus, the modulation of purinergic enzymes (CD39, CD73, and E-ADA) characterized a pro-inflammatory profile since it favored increased extracellular concentrations of ATP to the detriment of ADO. A2AR inhibition generated a compensatory feedback process with increased A2AR expression at the tumor level. However, there was also an increase in the expression of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which culminated in an increase in pro-inflammatory pathways with the release of IL-1β and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Our data evidence the cross-involvement between expression and action of the A2AR and P2X7R. We suggest that IST is a promising drug for off-label use in cancer since it promotes an anti-tumoral response by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and blocking of AKT/mTOR tumor growth pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa V Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrieli A Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camile H Dal Piva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan S Ebone
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Penolazzi L, Notarangelo MP, Lambertini E, Vultaggio-Poma V, Tarantini M, Di Virgilio F, Piva R. Unorthodox localization of P2X7 receptor in subcellular compartments of skeletal system cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1180774. [PMID: 37215083 PMCID: PMC10192554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1180774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the subcellular localization of a protein within a cell is often an essential step in understanding its function. The main objective of this report was to determine the presence of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in healthy human cells of skeletal system, specifically osteoblasts (OBs), chondrocytes (Chs) and intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. This receptor is a member of the ATP-gated ion channel family, known to be a main sensor of extracellular ATP, the prototype of the danger signal released at sites of tissue damage, and a ubiquitous player in inflammation and cancer, including bone and cartilaginous tissues. Despite overwhelming data supporting a role in immune cell responses and tumor growth and progression, a complete picture of the pathophysiological functions of P2X7R, especially when expressed by non-immune cells, is lacking. Here we show that human wild-type P2X7R (P2X7A) was expressed in different samples of human osteoblasts, chondrocytes and intervertebral disc cells. By fluorescence microscopy (LM) and immunogold transmission electron microscopy we localized P2X7R not only in the canonical sites (plasma membrane and cytoplasm), but also in the nucleus of all the 3 cell types, especially IVD cells and OBs. P2X7R mitochondrial immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in OBs and IVD cells, but not in Chs. Evidence of subcellular localization of P2X7R may help to i. understand the participation of P2X7R in as yet unidentified signaling pathways in the joint and bone microenvironment, ii. identify pathologies associated with P2X7R mislocalization and iii. design specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mario Tarantini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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32
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Sluyter R, Adriouch S, Fuller SJ, Nicke A, Sophocleous RA, Watson D. Animal Models for the Investigation of P2X7 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098225. [PMID: 37175933 PMCID: PMC10179175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The study of animals has greatly advanced the investigation of P2X7 and helped to establish the numerous physiological and pathophysiological roles of this receptor in human health and disease. Following a short overview of the P2X7 distribution, roles and functional properties, this article discusses how animal models have contributed to the generation of P2X7-specific antibodies and nanobodies (including biologics), recombinant receptors and radioligands to study P2X7 as well as to the pharmacokinetic testing of P2X7 antagonists. This article then outlines how mouse and rat models have been used to study P2X7. These sections include discussions on preclinical disease models, polymorphic P2X7 variants, P2X7 knockout mice (including bone marrow chimeras and conditional knockouts), P2X7 reporter mice, humanized P2X7 mice and P2X7 knockout rats. Finally, this article reviews the limited number of studies involving guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys (rhesus macaques), dogs, cats, zebrafish, and other fish species (seabream, ayu sweetfish, rainbow trout and Japanese flounder) to study P2X7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- UniRouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, and Immunotherapy, (PANTHER), Univ Rouen Normandie, University of Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stephen J Fuller
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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33
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MicroRNA: Crucial modulator in purinergic signalling involved diseases. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:329-341. [PMID: 35106737 PMCID: PMC9984628 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both microRNAs (miRNAs) and purinergic signalling are widely and respectively expressed in various tissues of different organisms and play vital roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we reviewed the current publications contributed to the relationship of miRNAs and purinergic signalling in cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, neurological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases. We tried to decode the miRNAs-purinergic signalling network of purinergic signalling involved diseases. The evidence indicated that more than 30 miRNAs (miR-22, miR-30, miR-146, miR-150, miR-155, miR-187, etc.) directly or indirectly modulate P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3), P2 receptors (P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y12), and ecto-enzymes (CD39, CD73, ADA2); P2X7 and CD73 could be modulated by multiple miRNAs (P2X7: miR-21, miR-22, miR-30, miR-135a, miR-150, miR-186, miR-187, miR-216b; CD73: miR-141, miR-101, miR-193b, miR-340, miR-187, miR-30, miR-422a); miR-187 would be the common miRNA to modulate P2X7 and CD73.
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34
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Han Y, Bai C, He XM, Ren QL. P2X7 receptor involved in antitumor activity of atractylenolide I in human cervical cancer cells. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:145-153. [PMID: 35235139 PMCID: PMC9984620 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylenolide I (Atr-I) was found to sensitize a variety of human cancer cells in previous studies. Purinergic P2X7R plays important role in different cancers. However, whether Atr-I could generate antitumor activity in human cervical cancer cells and P2X7R get involved in this effect remain unclear. In this study, Hela (HPV 18 +) and SiHa (HPV 16 +) cells were treated with different doses of Atr-I. The results indicated that agonist and antagonist of P2X7 receptors, BzATP and JNJ-47965567 (JNJ), could suppress the proliferation of Hela and SiHa cells. Atr-I demonstrated a considerable antitumor effect in both human cervical cancer cells in vitro. Atr-I combined with P2X7R agonist, BzATP, restored Atr-I-induced growth inhibition in Hela cells but not in SiHa cells. However, the combinatorial treatment of P2X7R antagonist JNJ and Atr-I has an additive effect on cell growth inhibition in SiHa cells rather than in Hela cells. It implied that P2X7R would get involved in the anti-human cervical cancer cells effect of Atr-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Can Bai
- Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xi-Meng He
- Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Qing-Ling Ren
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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35
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Li X, Bai X, Tang Y, Qiao C, Zhao R, Peng X. Research progress on the P2X7 receptor in liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:794-808. [PMID: 36403102 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7 receptor) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel that is widely distributed on the surfaces of immune cells and tissues such as those in the liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and nervous system. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with increasing incidence and mortality. Although many treatments for liver cancer have been studied, the prognosis for liver cancer is still very poor. Therefore, new liver cancer treatments are urgently needed. P2X7 receptor activation can secrete proinflammatory factors through the P2X7 receptor-NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby affecting the progression of liver injury. The P2X7 receptor may be a target for growth inhibition of HCC cells and may affect the invasion and migration of HCC cells through the PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling pathways. In recent years, P2X7 receptor antagonists or inhibitors have attracted widespread attention as therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver injury. Therefore, this review covers the basic concepts of the P2X7 receptor and role of the P2X7 receptor in liver cancer and liver injury, providing new potential therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yiqing Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cuicui Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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36
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Wang Z, Zhu S, Tan S, Zeng Y, Zeng H. The P2 purinoceptors in prostate cancer. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:255-263. [PMID: 35771310 PMCID: PMC9984634 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
P2 purinoceptors are composed of ligand-gated ion channel type (P2X receptor) and G protein-coupled metabolite type (P2Y receptor). Both these receptors have played important roles in the prostate cancer microenvironment in recent years. P2X and P2Y receptors can contribute to prostate cancer's growth and invasiveness. However, the comprehensive mechanisms have yet to be identified. By summarizing the relevant studies, we believe that P2X and P2Y receptors play a dual role in cancer cell growth depending on the prostate cancer microenvironment and different downstream signalling pathways. We also summarized how different signalling pathways contribute to tumor invasiveness and metastasis through P2X and P2Y receptors, focusing on understanding the specific mechanisms led by P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y2. Statins may reduce and prevent tumor progression through P2X7 so that P2X purinergic receptors may have clinical implications in the management of prostate cancer. Furthermore, P2X7 receptors can aid in the early detection of prostate cancer. We hope that this review will provide new insights for future mechanistic and clinical investigations into the role of P2 purinergic receptors in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wang
- The Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- The Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Tan
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, West China, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- The Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- The Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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37
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Purinergic P2X7R as a potential target for pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03123-7. [PMID: 36856920 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, with a death rate nearly equal to the incidence. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a kind of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel with special permeability, which exists in most tissues of human body and mediates inflammation-related signaling pathways and immune signal transduction after activation. P2X7R is also present on the surface of several tumor cells and is involved in tumor growth and progression. P2X7R expression in pancreatic cancer has also been identified in recent studies. Activation of P2X7R in pancreatic cancer can support the proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells, participate in protein interactions, and mediate ERK1/2, IL-6/STAT3, hCAP-18/LL-37, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to promote pancreatic cancer progression. Inhibitors targeting P2X7R can inhibit the development of pancreatic cancer and are expected to be used in clinical therapy. Therefore, P2X7R is promising as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the progress of research on P2X7R in pancreatic cancer.
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38
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Song H, Arredondo Carrera HM, Sprules A, Ji Y, Zhang T, He J, Lawrence E, Gartland A, Luo J, Wang N. C-terminal variants of the P2X7 receptor are associated with prostate cancer progression and bone metastasis - evidence from clinical and pre-clinical data. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:400-404. [PMID: 36582013 PMCID: PMC10009667 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hector Manuel Arredondo Carrera
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Alexandria Sprules
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Tongsong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jiepei He
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Eleanor Lawrence
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Alison Gartland
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201619, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
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39
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Tang Y, Qiao C, Li Q, Zhu X, Zhao R, Peng X. Research Progress in the Relationship Between P2X7R and Cervical Cancer. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:823-834. [PMID: 35799022 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common and serious tumors in women. Finding new biomarkers and therapeutic targets plays an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cervical cancer. Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) is a purine ligand cation channel, activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Studies have shown that P2X7R plays an important role in a variety of diseases and cancers. More and more studies have shown that P2X7R is also closely related to cervical cancer; therefore, the role of P2X7R in the development of cervical cancer deserves further discussion. The expression level of P2X7R in uterine epithelial cancer tissues was lower than that of the corresponding normal tissues. P2X7R plays an important role in the apoptotic process of cervical cancer through various mechanisms of action, and both antagonists and agonists of P2X7R can inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells, while P2X7R is involved in the antitumor effect of Atr-I on cervical cancer cells. This review evaluates the current role of P2X7R in cervical cancer in order to develop more specific therapies for cervical cancer. In conclusion, P2X7R may become a biomarker for cervical cancer screening, and even a new target for clinical treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cuicui Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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40
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Szymczak B, Czarnecka J, Czach S, Nowak W, Roszek K. Purinergic approach to effective glioma treatment with temozolomide reveals enhanced anti-cancer effects mediated by P2X7 receptor. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110641. [PMID: 36858191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling pathway is the oldest evolutionary transmitter system that regulates a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological processes in central nervous system. However, the question of how the purinergic compounds interact with administrated drugs is rarely addressed. We aimed to clarify the interplay between purinergic signaling and chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ) in human glioma cell line. We applied an initial retinoic acid-induced differentiation of A172 glioma cells and tested the P2X7 receptor expression in undifferentiated and differentiated gliomas. We compared the P2X7 receptor agonists/antagonists influence and their co-action with TMZ in both cell types through assessment of cell proliferation, viability and migrative properties. Molecular docking allowed to indicate the potential binding site for TMZ in the structure of hP2X7 receptor. Differentiated cells turned out to be more susceptible to ATP and TMZ alone but also to the concerted action of TMZ and ATP. Enhanced effects triggered by ATP and TMZ treatment include the decreased by 70% viability, and reduced migration ability of differentiated A172 glioma cells. Noteworthy, these results can be achieved already at low non-toxic ATP concentration and at reduced to 125 μM effective concentration of TMZ. Therefore, ATP molecules must be present and maintained at appropriate concentration in glioma cells microenvironment to achieve their co-action with TMZ and enhanced anti-cancer activity. All that, in turn, could shorten the therapy, increase its efficacy and limit the side effects for the patient. Our purinergic approach creates a promising perspective for developing novel combined oncological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szymczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sylwia Czach
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesław Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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41
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Sheng G, Gao Y, Ding Q, Zhang R, Wang T, Jing S, Zhao H, Ma T, Wu H, Yang Y. P2RX7 promotes osteosarcoma progression and glucose metabolism by enhancing c-Myc stabilization. J Transl Med 2023; 21:132. [PMID: 36803784 PMCID: PMC9940387 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor in bone and its prognosis has reached a plateau in the past few decades. Recently, metabolic reprogramming has attracted increasing attention in the field of cancer research. In our previous study, P2RX7 has been identified as an oncogene in osteosarcoma. However, whether and how P2RX7 promotes osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through metabolic reprogramming remains unexplored. METHODS We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to establish P2RX7 knockout cell lines. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to explore metabolic reprogramming in osteosarcoma. RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were used to determine gene expression related to glucose metabolism. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flowcytometry. The capacity of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were assessed by seahorse experiments. PET/CT was carried out to assess glucose uptake in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that P2RX7 significantly promotes glucose metabolism in osteosarcoma via upregulating the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Inhibition of glucose metabolism largely abolishes the ability of P2RX7 to promote osteosarcoma progression. Mechanistically, P2RX7 enhances c-Myc stabilization by facilitating nuclear retention and reducing ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Furthermore, P2RX7 promotes osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through metabolic reprogramming in a predominantly c-Myc-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS P2RX7 plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming and osteosarcoma progression via increasing c-Myc stability. These findings provide new evidence that P2RX7 might be a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic reprogramming appear to hold promise for a breakthrough in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohong Sheng
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qing Ding
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Ruizhuo Zhang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shaoze Jing
- grid.470966.aShanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032 China
| | - Hongqi Zhao
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Tian Ma
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Maher J, Davies DM. CAR-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumours-A Survey of the Emerging Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1171. [PMID: 36831514 PMCID: PMC9953954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with CAR T-cells has revolutionised the treatment of B-cell and plasma cell-derived cancers. However, solid tumours present a much greater challenge for treatment using CAR-engineered immune cells. In a partner review, we have surveyed data generated in clinical trials in which patients with solid tumours that expressed any of 30 discrete targets were treated with CAR-based immunotherapy. That exercise confirms that efficacy of this approach falls well behind that seen in haematological malignancies, while significant toxic events have also been reported. Here, we consider approximately 60 additional candidates for which such clinical data are not available yet, but where pre-clinical data have provided support for their advancement to clinical evaluation as CAR target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, Guy’s Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne BN21 2UD, UK
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David M. Davies
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Cao Y, Chen E, Wang X, Song J, Zhang H, Chen X. An emerging master inducer and regulator for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis: extracellular and intracellular ATP and its molecular functions and therapeutic potential. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36750864 PMCID: PMC9903449 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment, metastasis remains the major cause of cancer-related death and scientific challenge. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in cancer invasion and progression, a process by which tumor cells lose cell-cell adhesion and acquire increased invasiveness and metastatic activity. Recent work has uncovered some crucial roles of extracellular adenosine 5'- triphosphate (eATP), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Intratumoral extracellular ATP (eATP), at levels of 100-700 µM, is 103-104 times higher than in normal tissues. In the current literature, eATP's function in promoting metastasis has been relatively poorly understood as compared with intracellular ATP (iATP). Recent evidence has shown that cancer cells internalize eATP via macropinocytosis in vitro and in vivo, promoting cell growth and survival, drug resistance, and metastasis. Furthermore, ATP acts as a messenger molecule that activates P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumor and host cells, stimulating downstream signaling pathways to enhance the invasive and metastatic properties of tumor cells. Here, we review recent progress in understanding eATP's role in each step of the metastatic cascade, including initiating invasion, inducing EMT, overcoming anoikis, facilitating intravasation, circulation, and extravasation, and eventually establishing metastatic colonization. Collectively, these studies reveal eATP's important functions in many steps of metastasis and identify new opportunities for developing more effective therapeutic strategies to target ATP-associated processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Cao
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Eileen Chen
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Jingwen Song
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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44
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Bai X, Li X, Qiao C, Tang Y, Zhao R, Peng X. Progress in the relationship between P2X7R and colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1687-1699. [PMID: 36417079 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonselective cation channel of the purinergic receptor family. P2X7R is activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and plays a significant role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases by triggering cellular signal transduction. More importantly, P2X7R is abnormally expressed in many tumor cells and is involved in the progression of various tumor cells. Studies have shown that the irregular expression of P2X7R in colorectal cancer (CRC) can not only indirectly affect the occurrence and development of CRC by promoting inflammatory bowel disease but also directly affect the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. P2X7R plays a bidirectional role in cancer induction and inhibition by mediating complex signaling pathways in CRC, and its expression level is closely related to the overall survival of CRC patients. Therefore, P2X7R may be a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the development and prognosis of CRC. In this paper, we review the research progress on P2X7R in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cuicui Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqing Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Pacheco PAF, Gonzaga DTG, von Ranke NL, Rodrigues CR, da Rocha DR, da Silva FDC, Ferreira VF, Faria RX. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies of Naphthoquinone Sulfonamides and Sulfonate Ester Derivatives as P2X7 Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020590. [PMID: 36677652 PMCID: PMC9866630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ATP acts in the extracellular environment as an important signal, activating a family of receptors called purinergic receptors. In recent years, interest in the potential therapeutics of purinergic components, including agonists and antagonists of receptors, has increased. Currently, many observations have indicated that ATP acts as an important mediator of inflammatory responses and, when found in high concentrations in the extracellular space, is related to the activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptor. In this sense, the search for new inhibitors for this receptor has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Sulfonamide derivatives have been reported to be potent inhibitors of P2X receptors. In this study, ten naphthoquinone sulfonamide derivatives and five naphthoquinone sulfonate ester derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity on the P2X7 receptor expressed in peritoneal macrophages. Some compounds showed promising results, displaying IC50 values lower than that of A740003. Molecular docking and dynamic studies also indicated that the active compounds bind to an allosteric site on P2X7R. The binding free energy indicates that sulfonamides have an affinity for the P2X7 receptor similar to A740003. Therefore, the compounds studied herein present potential P2X7R inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Tadeu Gomes Gonzaga
- Departament of Pharmacy, West Zone Campus, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lidmar von Ranke
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | - David Rodrigues da Rocha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Evaluation and Promotion of the Ambiental Health Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Kozlovskiy SA, Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Chingizova EA, Sabutski YE, Polonik SG, Likhatskaya GN, Aminin DL. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 1,4-Naphthoquinones Blocking P2X7 Purinergic Receptors in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:47. [PMID: 36668867 PMCID: PMC9864473 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors are ligand-gated ion channels activated by ATP and play a significant role in cellular immunity. These receptors are considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple inflammatory diseases. In the present work, using spectrofluorimetry, spectrophotometry, Western blotting and ELISA approaches, the ability of 1,4-naphthoquinone thioglucoside derivatives, compounds U-286 and U-548, to inhibit inflammation induced by ATP/LPS in RAW 264.7 cells via P2X7 receptors was demonstrated. It has been established that the selected compounds were able to inhibit ATP-induced calcium influx and the production of reactive oxygen species, and they also exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity in mouse brain homogenate. In addition, compounds U-286 and U-548 decreased the LPS-induced activity of the COX-2 enzyme, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly protected macrophage cells against the toxic effects of ATP and LPS. This study highlights the use of 1,4-naphthoquinones as promising purinergic P2X7 receptor antagonists with anti-inflammatory activity. Based on the data obtained, studied synthetic 1,4-NQs can be considered as potential scaffolds for the development of new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Lindemann A, Brandes F, Borrmann M, Meidert AS, Kirchner B, Steinlein OK, Schelling G, Pfaffl MW, Reithmair M. Anesthetic‑specific lncRNA and mRNA profile changes in blood during colorectal cancer resection: A prospective, matched‑case pilot study. Oncol Rep 2022; 49:28. [PMID: 36562401 PMCID: PMC9813548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prometastatic and antitumor effects of different anesthetics have been previously analyzed in several studies with conflicting results. Thus, the underlying perioperative molecular mechanisms mediated by anesthetics potentially affecting tumor phenotype and metastasis remain unclear. It was hypothesized that anesthetic‑specific long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) expression changes are induced in the blood circulation and play a crucial role in tumor outcome. In the present study, high‑throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR were performed in order to identify lncRNA and mRNA expression changes affected by two therapeutic regimes, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and volatile anesthetic gas (VAG) in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) resection. Total blood RNA was isolated prior to and following resection and characterized using RNA sequencing. mRNA‑lncRNA interactions and their roles in cancer‑related signaling of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified using bioinformatics analyses. The comparison of these two time points revealed 35 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the TIVA‑group, and 25 in the VAG‑group, whereas eight were shared by both groups. Two lncRNAs in the TIVA‑group, and 23 in the VAG‑group of in silico identified target‑mRNAs were confirmed as differentially regulated in the NGS dataset of the present study. Pathway analysis was performed and cancer relevant canonical pathways for TIVA were identified. Target‑mRNA analysis of VAG revealed a markedly worsened immunological response against cancer. In this proof‑of‑concept study, anesthesic‑specific expression changes in lncRNA and mRNA profiles in blood were successfully identified. Moreover, the data of the present study provide the first evidence that anesthesia‑induced lncRNA pattern changes may contribute further in the observed differences in CRC outcome following tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lindemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Brandes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Borrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes S. Meidert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany,Correspondence to: Dr Marlene Reithmair, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestraße 29, 80336 Munich, Germany, E-mail:
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The developmental journey of therapies targeting purine receptors: from basic science to clinical trials. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:435-450. [PMID: 36173587 PMCID: PMC9832190 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of ATP as an extracellular signalling molecule in 1972, purinergic signalling, mediated by extracellular purines and pyrimidines has been identified in virtually all mammalian tissues and is implicated in regulating fundamental cellular processes. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic interventions based on purinergic signalling. A vast range of compounds targeting purine receptors are in clinical development, and many more are in preclinical studies, which highlights the fast growth in this research field. As a tribute to Professor Geoffrey Burnstock's legacy in purinergic signalling, we present here a brief review of compounds targeting purine receptors that are in different stages of clinical trials. The review highlights the 50-year journey from basic research on purinergic receptors to clinical applications of therapies targeting purine receptors.
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Alnafisah R, Lundh A, Asah SM, Hoeflinger J, Wolfinger A, Hamoud AR, McCullumsmith RE, O'Donovan SM. Altered purinergic receptor expression in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:96. [PMID: 36376358 PMCID: PMC9663420 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
ATP functions as a neurotransmitter, acting on the ubiquitously expressed family of purinergic P2 receptors. In schizophrenia (SCZ), the pathways that modulate extracellular ATP and its catabolism to adenosine are dysregulated. However, the effects of altered ATP availability on P2 receptor expression in the brain in SCZ have not been assessed. We assayed P2 receptor mRNA and protein expression in the DLPFC and ACC in subjects diagnosed with SCZ and matched, non-psychiatrically ill controls (n = 20-22/group). P2RX7, P2RX4 and male P2RX5 mRNA expression were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the DLPFC in SCZ. Expression of P2RX7 protein isoform was also significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the DLPFC in SCZ. Significant increases in P2RX4 and male P2RX5 mRNA expression may be associated with antipsychotic medication effects. We found that P2RX4 and P2RX7 mRNA are significantly correlated with the inflammatory marker SERPINA3, and may suggest an association between upregulated P2XR and neuroinflammation in SCZ. These findings lend support for brain-region dependent dysregulation of the purinergic system in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Alnafisah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Anna Lundh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sophie M Asah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Julie Hoeflinger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa Wolfinger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, Promedica, Toledo, OH, USA
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