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Ping P, Yang T, Ning C, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Yang T, Gao Z, Fu S. Chlorogenic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via up-regulating Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor1 to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1580-1593. [PMID: 38369950 PMCID: PMC11098655 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy, an adaptive response of the heart to stress overload, is closely associated with heart failure and sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on cardiac hypertrophy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS To simulate cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial cells were exposed to isoproterenol (ISO, 10 μM). A rat model of ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy was also established. The expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers, and apoptosis markers were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. The apoptosis level, size of myocardial cells, and heart tissue pathological changes were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling staining, immunofluorescence staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson's staining. We found that CGA treatment decreased the size of ISO-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, CGA inhibited ISO-induced up-regulation of cardiac hypertrophy markers (atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β-myosin heavy chain), ERS markers (C/EBP homologous protein, glucose regulatory protein 78, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), and apoptosis markers (bax and cleaved caspase-12/9/3) but increased the expression of anti-apoptosis marker bcl-2 in a dose-dependent way (0, 10, 50, and 100 μM). Knockdown of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) reversed the protective effect of CGA on cardiac hypertrophy, ERS, and apoptosis in vitro (P < 0.05). CGA also restored ISO-induced inhibition on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signalling in H9c2 cells, while S1pr1 knockdown abolished these CGA-induced effects (P < 0.05). CGA (90 mg/kg/day, for six consecutive days) protected rats against cardiac hypertrophy in vivo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CGA treatment attenuated ISO-induced ERS and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway via modulation of S1pr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ping
- General Station for Drug and Instrument Supervision and ControlJoint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Ting Yang
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Chaoxue Ning
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Qingkai Zhao
- Department of Health and MedicineHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of OncologyHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Zhitao Gao
- School of Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of CardiologyHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
- Department of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
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Almohawes ZN, El-Kott A, Morsy K, Shati AA, El-Kenawy AE, Khalifa HS, Elsaid FG, Abd-Lateif AEKM, Abu-Zaiton A, Ebealy ER, Abdel-Daim MM, Ghanem RA, Abd-Ella EM. Salidroside inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by downregulating miR-21 and subsequent activation of AMPK and upregulation of PPARα in the liver and muscles of high fat diet-fed rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:257-274. [PMID: 35061559 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.2024578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated if salidroside (SAL) alleviates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by downregulating miR-21. Rats (n = 8/group) were treated for 12 weeks as normal diet (control/ND), ND + agmoir negative control (NC) (150 µg/kg), ND + SAL (300 mg/kg), HFD, HFD + SAL, HFD + compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) (200 ng/kg), HFD + SAL + NXT629 (a PPAR-α antagonist) (30 mg/kg), and HFD + SAL + miR-21 agomir (150 µg/kg). SAL improved glucose and insulin tolerance and preserved livers in HFD-fed rats. In ND and HFD-fed rats, SAL reduced levels of serum and hepatic lipids and the hepatic expression of SREBP1, SREBP2, fatty acid (FA) synthase, and HMGCOAR. It also activated hepatic Nrf2 and increased hepatic/muscular activity of AMPK and levels of PPARα. All effects afforded by SAL were prevented by CC, NXT629, and miR-21 agmoir. In conclusion, activation of AMPK and upregulation of PPARα mediate the anti-steatotic effect of SAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiah N Almohawes
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E El-Kenawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Khalifa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fahmy G Elsaid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eman R Ebealy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Reham A Ghanem
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abd-Ella
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
- Biology Department, College of Science and Art, Al-Baha University, Al-Mandaq, Saudi Arabia
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Linking Variability in Phytochemical Composition with Safety Profile of Thymus carnosus Boiss. Extracts: Effect of Major Compounds and Evaluation of Markers of Oxidative Stress and Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5343. [PMID: 38791385 PMCID: PMC11120720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products are generally considered safe for human consumption, but this classification is often based on ethnobotanical surveys or their use in traditional medicine over a long period of time. However, edaphoclimatic factors are known to produce different chemotypes, which may affect the safety profile and bioactivities, and are not commonly considered for plants exploited as crops worldwide. Thymus carnosus Boiss., a thyme species with various health-promoting effects, has potential pharmaceutical applications, but edaphoclimatic factors were found to significantly impact its phytochemical composition. Thus, we aimed to assess the safety profile of T. carnosus extracts obtained from plants harvested in two locations over three consecutive years and to establish an association with specific components, an essential study in the search for new sources of nutraceuticals. Thus, the antiproliferative effect of an aqueous decoction (AD), hydroethanolic (HE) extracts, and major extracts' components of T. carnosus was evaluated on intestinal (Caco-2) and hepatic (HepG2) cell models, revealing effects dependent on extract type, cell line, and tested compounds. Flavonoids induced different cytotoxic patterns, which could be attributed to molecular structural differences. Flow cytometry analysis showed apoptosis and necrosis induction, mediated by the modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential, effects that were dependent on the cell line and phytochemical composition and on the synergism between extracts components, rather than on the activity of an isolated compound. While ursolic acid was the component with the strongest impact on the difference between extraction methods, flavonoids assumed a pivotal role in the response of different cell lines to the extracts. We report for the first time, for Thymus spp. extracts, that variations in the phytochemical composition clearly influence the cellular response, thus highlighting the need for extract standardization for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Tabaa MME, Tabaa MME, Rashad E, Elballal MS, Elazazy O. Harmine alleviated STZ-induced rat diabetic nephropathy: A potential role via regulating AMPK/Nrf2 pathway and deactivating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111954. [PMID: 38554444 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney disorder driven by diabetes and affects people all over the world. One of the mechanisms promoting NF-κB-induced renal inflammation and injury has been theorized to be ATM signaling. On the other hand, AMPK, which can be activated by the naturally occurring alkaloid harmine (HAR), has been proposed to stop that action. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of HAR against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in rats through AMPK-mediated inactivation of ATM pathways. Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into 4 groups, as follow: CONT, DN, HAR (10 mg/kg), DN + HAR, where HAR was daily administered I.P. once for 2 weeks. The renal AMPK and PGC-1α expressions, as well as Sirt1 levels, were assessed. To ascertain the oxidative reactions, renal Nrf2 expression, HO-1, MDA, and TAC concentrations were measured. As parts of ATM pathways, ATM and p53 expressions, in addition to GSK-3β levels were determined. Renal expression of NEMO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were also estimated. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical detection of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 were reported. Results indicated that HAR intake notably alleviated STZ-induced kidney damage by triggering AMPK and Sirt1, which in turn boosted PGC-1α, improved NRf2/HO-1 axis, and lowered ROS production. As a consequence, HAR blocked the ATM-triggered renal inflammation and minimized caspase-3 expression by repressing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Because of its ability to activate AMPK/Nrf2 axis, HAR may represent an emerging avenue for future DN therapy by blocking ATM pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Mohammed El Tabaa
- Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Studies & Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Salah Elballal
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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Tian C, Huang R, Xiang M. SIRT1: Harnessing multiple pathways to hinder NAFLD. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107155. [PMID: 38527697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the primary cause of chronic liver disorders, with a high prevalence but no approved treatment. Therefore, it is indispensable to find a trustworthy therapy for NAFLD. Recently, mounting evidence illustrates that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is strongly associated with NAFLD. SIRT1 activation or overexpression attenuate NAFLD, while SIRT1 deficiency aggravates NAFLD. Besides, an array of therapeutic agents, including natural compounds, synthetic compounds, traditional Chinese medicine formula, and stem cell transplantation, alleviates NALFD via SIRT1 activation or upregulation. Mechanically, SIRT1 alleviates NAFLD by reestablishing autophagy, enhancing mitochondrial function, suppressing oxidative stress, and coordinating lipid metabolism, as well as reducing hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of SIRT1 briefly, and summarized the effect of SIRT1 on NAFLD and its mechanism, along with the application of SIRT1 agonists in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Li H, Zhang K, Chen W, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Song Y. Metabolite identification of salvianolic acid A in rat using post collision-induced dissociation energy-resolved mass spectrometry. Chin Med 2024; 19:64. [PMID: 38671484 PMCID: PMC11046765 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most famous natural products, salvianolic acid A (SAA) is undergoing clinical trials for the treatments of angina pectoris and coronary heart disorders. However, the in vivo metabolites of SAA have only been tentatively identified, leading to a barrier for precise therapeutical drug monitoring. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Qtof-MS/MS) was firstly employed to acquire high-resolution MS1 and MS2 spectra for all metabolites. Through paying special attention onto the features of ester bond dissociation, metabolism sites were restricted at certain regions. To further determine the metabolism site, such as the monomethylated products (M23, M25, and M26), post collision-induced dissociation energy-resolved mass spectrometry (post-CID ER-MS) was proposed through programming progressive exciting energies to the second collision chamber of hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (Qtrap-MS) device. RESULTS After SAA oral administration, 29 metabolites (M1-M29), including five, thirteen, and sixteen ones in rat plasma, urine, and feces, respectively, were detected in rats. The metabolism route was initially determined by applying well-defined mass fragmentation pathways to those HR-m/z values of precursor and fragment ions. Metabolism site was limited to SAF- or DSS-unit based on the fragmentation patterns of ester functional group. Through matching the dissociation trajectories of concerned 1st-generation fragment ions with expected decomposition product anions using post-CID ER-MS strategy, M23 and M25 were unequivocally assigned as 3'-methyl-SAA and 3''-methyl-SAA, and M26 was identified as 2-methyl-SAA or 3-methyl-SAA. Hydrolysis, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation were the primary metabolism channels being responsible for the metabolites' generation. CONCLUSION Together, the metabolism regions and sites of SAA metabolites were sequentially identified based on the ester bond dissociation features and post-CID ER-MS strategy. Importantly, the present study provided a promising way to elevate the structural identification confidence of natural products and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Wang M, Zhao J, Chen J, Long T, Xu M, Luo T, Che Q, He Y, Xu D. The role of sirtuin1 in liver injury: molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic target. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17094. [PMID: 38563003 PMCID: PMC10984179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a common and serious threat to human health. The progression of liver diseases is influenced by many physiologic processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy. Various factors lead to the dysfunction of these processes and basing on the different pathogeny, pathology, clinical manifestation, and pathogenesis, liver diseases are grouped into different categories. Specifically, Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin protein family, has been extensively studied in the context of liver injury in recent years and are confirmed the significant role in liver disease. SIRT1 has been found to play a critical role in regulating key processes in liver injury. Further, SIRT1 seems to cause divers outcomes in different types of liver diseases. Recent studies have showed some therapeutic strategies involving modulating SIRT1, which may bring a novel therapeutic target. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of sirtuin1 in liver injury and its potentiality as a therapeutic target, this review outlines the key signaling pathways associated with sirtuin1 and liver injury, and discusses recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting sirtuin1 in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufei Wang
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiuxia Chen
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Teng Long
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingya Che
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yihuai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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8
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Huang L, Tan L, Lv Z, Chen W, Wu J. Pharmacology of bioactive compounds from plant extracts for improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25053. [PMID: 38322838 PMCID: PMC10844061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition with significant clinical implications. Emerging research indicates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a critical pathogenic factor governing inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism and insulin signal transduction in patients with NAFLD. ER stress-associated activation of multiple signal transduction pathways, including the unfolded protein response, disrupts lipid homeostasis and substantially contributes to NAFLD development and progression. Targeting ER stress for liver function enhancement presents an innovative therapeutic strategy. Notably, the natural bioactive compounds of plant extracts have shown potential for treating NAFLD by reducing the level of ER stress marker proteins and mitigating inflammation, stress responses, and de novo lipogenesis. However, owing to limited comprehensive reviews, the effectiveness and pharmacology of these bioactive compounds remain uncertain. Objectives To address the abovementioned challenges, the current review categorizes the bioactive compounds of plant extracts by chemical structures and properties into flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, lipids and quinones and examines their ameliorative potential for NAFLD under ER stress. Methods This review systematically analyses the literature on the interactions of bioactive compounds from plant extracts with molecular targets under ER stress, providing a holistic view of NAFLD therapy. Results Bioactive compounds from plant extracts may improve NAFLD by alleviating ER stress; reducing lipid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and enhancing fatty acid metabolism. This provides a multifaceted approach for treating NAFLD. Conclusion This review underscores the role of ER stress in NAFLD and the potential of plant bioactive compounds in treating this condition. The molecular mechanisms by which plant bioactive compounds interact with their ER stress targets provide a basis for further exploration in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
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Li Y, Zheng N, Gao X, Huang W, Wang H, Bao Y, Ge X, Tao X, Sheng L, Li H. The identification of material basis of Si Miao Formula effective for attenuating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116988. [PMID: 37541401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Si Miao Formula (SMF), a traditional Chinese medicine, originated from the "Cheng Fang Bian Du" during the Qing Dynasty and is commonly employed for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. We have demonstrated the anti-NAFLD effect of SMF by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in high fat and high sucrose (HFHS) feeding mice in our previous report. However, the material basis of SMF for its anti-NAFLD effect remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To compare the effeciacy of different components of SMF and identify the material basis for its anti-NAFLD effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a "Leave-one out" strategy was adopted by removing one herb from SMF each time, and the anti-NAFLD effects of four decomposed recipes containing three herbs were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice fed with an HFHS diet for 16 weeks. The chemical components of SMF and the absorbed entities in serum were assayed using UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap HRMS. Finally, a new chemical combination with four compounds (berberine, betaine, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, 2:2:1:1) were generated (SMF component composition, SMF_CC), and its anti-NAFLD effect was evaluated by comparing with the original SMF in the mouse model. RESULTS Varified effects on NAFLD mice were observed among the decomposed recipes of SMF, while the original SMF showed advantages over its decomposed recipes. A total of 111 chemicals were identified from SMF, and 21 of them were detected in serum after oral administration of SMF. Comparing to SMF, SMF_CC showed comparable anti-NAFLD effect in HFHS-diet-fed mice, which was associated with the inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and transport, as well as inflammation. CONCLUSION Our current results suggested that the original SMF was better than its decomposed recipes in NAFLD management, and the derived SMF_CC was also effective in inhibiting NAFLD formation, highlighting its potential of being a novel natural agent for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wenjin Huang
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiyang Bao
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinyu Ge
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xin Tao
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Anggreini P, Kuncoro H, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Molecular Docking Study of Phytosterols in Lygodium microphyllum Towards SIRT1 and AMPK, the in vitro Brine Shrimp Toxicity Test, and the Phenols and Sterols Levels in the Extract. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:513-527. [PMID: 38148923 PMCID: PMC10751218 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s438435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lygodium microphyllum is a fern plant with various pharmacological activities, and phytosterols were reported contained in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Phytosterols are known to inhibit steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the key proteins that control lipogenesis. However, information about L. microphyllum on SIRT1 and AMPK is still lacking. Purpose This study aims to investigate the binding mode of phytosterols in L. microphyllum extract towards AMPK and SIRT1, and the toxicity of the extract against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and to determine the phenols and sterols levels in the extract. Methods The molecular docking was performed towards SIRT1 and AMPK using AutoDock v4.2.6, the toxicity of the extract was assayed against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and the phytosterols were analyzed by employing a thin layer chromatography densitometry, and the total phenols were by spectrophotometry. Results The molecular docking study revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol could occupy the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK by binding to important residues similar to the protein's activators. The cold extraction of the plant yields 15.86% w/w. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The total phenols are equivalent to 126 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g dry extract, the total sterols are 954.04 µg/g, and the β-sitosterol level is 283.55 µg/g. The LC50 value of the extract towards A. salina larvae is 203.704 ppm. Conclusion Lygodium microphyllum extract may have the potential to be further explored for its pharmacology activities, particularly in the discovery of plant-based anti-dyslipidemic drug candidates. However, further studies are needed to confirm their roles in alleviating lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anggreini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
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11
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Tian J, Cai M, Jin S, Chen Q, Xu J, Guo Q, Yan Z, Han X, Lu H. JianPi-QingHua formula attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:647-656. [PMID: 37038833 PMCID: PMC10101667 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2188549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease, accompanied by liver lipid accumulation and inflammation. JianPi-QingHua formula (JPQH), a Chinese herbal formula, exhibits effects on obesity and T2DM. However, the hepatoprotective effect of JPQH has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of JPQH in NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a normal-fat diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + JPQH (2.5 g/kg), or HFD + metformin (300 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, the body weight, epididymal fat mass, blood glucose, and liver weight were measured. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were performed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining were observed in hepatic histopathological changes. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were utilized to assess the key protein expression of hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. RESULTS Compared with the HFD group, JPQH could reduce body weight, epididymal fat mass, blood glucose and liver weight (p < 0.05), and markedly decreased the levels of serum TC, TG, ALT, AST (p < 0.05). Additionally, JPQH improved liver pathological changes. Consistent with the hepatic histological analysis, JPQH intervention suppressed lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, JPQH boosted SIRT1/AMPK signalling, and attenuated NF-κB pathway, which suppressed inflammatory responses. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that JPQH supplementation protected against HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating SIRT1/AMPK/NF-κB pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Cai
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shenyi Jin
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingguang Chen
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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12
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Han W, Li H, Jiang H, Xu H, Lin Y, Chen J, Bi C, Liu Z. Progress in the mechanism of autophagy and traditional Chinese medicine herb involved in alcohol-related liver disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15977. [PMID: 37727691 PMCID: PMC10506582 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is chronic liver damage caused by long-term heavy drinking with, extremely complicated pathogenesis. The current studies speculated that excessive alcohol and its metabolites are the major causes of liver cell toxicity. Autophagy is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and aggravates alcoholic liver damage, through various mechanisms, such as cellular oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage and lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, autophagy plays an critical role in the occurrence and development of ALD. Some studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine extracts improve the histological characteristics of ALD, as reflected in the improvement of oxidative stress and lipid droplet clearance, which might be achieved by inducing autophagy. This article reviews the mechanisms of quercetin, baicalin, glycycoumarin, salvianolic acid A, resveratrol, ginsenoside rg1, and dihydromyricetin inducing autophagy and their participation in the inhibition of ALD. The regulation of autophagy in ALD by these traditional Chinese medicine extracts provides novel ideas for the treatment of the disease; however, its molecular mechanism needs to be elucidated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Han
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanqi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Buist-Homan M, Schmidt M, Moshage H. Protective effects of caffeine against palmitate-induced lipid toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes is associated with modulation of adenosine receptor A1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114884. [PMID: 37423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between coffee consumption and reduced risk for chronic liver diseases, including metabolic-dysfunction-associated liver disease (MALFD). Lipotoxicity is a key cause of hepatocyte injury during MAFLD. The coffee component caffeine is known to modulate adenosine receptor signaling via the antagonism of adenosine receptors. The involvement of these receptors in the prevention of hepatic lipotoxicity has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether caffeine protects against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by modulating adenosine receptor signaling. METHODS Primary hepatocytes were isolated from male rats. Hepatocytes were treated with palmitate with or without caffeine or 1,7DMX. Lipotoxicity was verified using Sytox viability staining and mitochondrial JC-10 staining. PKA activation was verified by Western blotting. Selective (ant)agonists of A1AR (DPCPX and CPA, respectively) and A2AR (istradefyline and regadenoson, respectively), the AMPK inhibitor compound C, and the Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp8CTP were used. Lipid accumulation was verified by ORO and BODIPY 453/50 staining. RESULTS Caffeine and its metabolite 1,7DMX prevented palmitate-induced toxicity in hepatocytes. The A1AR antagonist DPCPX also prevented lipotoxicity, whereas both the inhibition of PKA and the A1AR agonist CPA (partially) abolished the protective effect. Caffeine and DPCPX increased lipid droplet formation only in palmitate-treated hepatocytes and decreased mitochondrial ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of caffeine against palmitate lipotoxicity was shown to be dependent on A1AR receptor and PKA activation. Antagonism of A1AR also protects against lipotoxicity. Targeting A1AR receptor may be a potential therapeutic intervention with which to treat MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Arroyave-Ospina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Park HJ, Choi J, Kim H, Yang DY, An TH, Lee EW, Han BS, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1221669. [PMID: 37635938 PMCID: PMC10450943 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1221669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (or nonalcoholic fatty liver [NAFL]) to NASH as a progressive form of NAFL, which is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning with or without fibrosis. Because of the complex pathophysiological mechanism and the heterogeneity of NAFLD, including its wide spectrum of clinical and histological characteristics, no specific therapeutic drugs have been approved for NAFLD. The heterogeneity of NAFLD is closely associated with cellular plasticity, which describes the ability of cells to acquire new identities or change their phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. The liver consists of parenchymal cells including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, all of which have specialized functions. This heterogeneous cell population has cellular plasticity to adapt to environmental changes. During NAFLD progression, these cells can exert diverse and complex responses at multiple levels following exposure to a variety of stimuli, including fatty acids, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this review provides insights into NAFLD heterogeneity by addressing the cellular plasticity and metabolic adaptation of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells during NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Yang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Felemban AH, Alshammari GM, Yagoub AEA, Al-Harbi LN, Alhussain MH, Yahya MA. Activation of AMPK Entails the Protective Effect of Royal Jelly against High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061471. [PMID: 36986201 PMCID: PMC10056733 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mechanism underlying the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) against high-fat-diet (HFD)-mediated non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8 each): control fed a standard diet, control + RJ (300 mg/kg), HFD, HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg), and HFD + RJ + CC (0.2 mg/kg). The treatment with RJ reduced weight gain, increased fat pads, and attenuated fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose tolerance in the HFD-fed rats. It also reduced the serum levels of liver function enzymes, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and leptin but significantly increased the serum levels of adiponectin. In addition, and with no effect on lipid excretion in stool, RJ significantly decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP1, serum, hepatic cholesterol, and triglycerides but increased hepatic mRNA levels of PPARα. Furthermore, RJ reduced the hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the livers of these rats. Of note, with no effect on the mRNA levels of AMPK, RJ stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) in the livers of the control and HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, RJ attenuates NAFLD via its antioxidant potential and adiponectin-independent activation of liver AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hasanain Felemban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Cho W, Choi SW, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH, Song JH, Shin YK, Jung TW. Oroxylin-A alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation and apoptosis under hyperlipidemic conditions via AMPK/FGF21 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 648:59-65. [PMID: 36736092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylin-A (OA) is an O-methylated flavone that has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties in various disease models. However, the roles of OA in hepatic lipid metabolism and the specific molecular mechanisms by which it exerts these effects are not yet fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of OA on hepatic lipid deposition and apoptosis, which play a pivotal role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity in vitro models. We found that treatment with OA attenuated lipid accumulation, the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins and apoptosis in palmitate-treated primary mouse hepatocytes. OA treatment suppressed phosphorylated NFκB and IκB expression in as well as TNFα and MCP-1 release from hepatocytes treated with palmitate. Treatment of hepatocytes with OA augmented AMPK phosphorylation and FGF21 expression. siRNA of AMPK or FGF21 abolished the effects of OA on inflammation as well as lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes under palmitate treatment conditions. In conclusion, OA improves inflammation through the AMPK/FGF21 pathway, thereby attenuating lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. This study may help identify new targets for developing treatments for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey; Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Li S, Wang R, Song F, Chen P, Gu Y, Chen C, Yuan Y. Salvianolic acid A suppresses CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis through regulating the Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB/IκBα, p38 MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:304-313. [PMID: 35057680 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2028822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SA-A), a water-soluble compound extracted from traditional Chinese herb Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, has anti-fibrotic effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of SA-A on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. All mice (except control group) were intraperitoneally administered CCl4 dissolved in peanut oil to induce liver fibrosis. Treatment groups were then gavaged with SA-A (20 or 40 mg/kg). The liver function index; liver fibrosis index; and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were determined. Furthermore, histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed via hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I was detected using immunofluorescence, and the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression levels of proteins related to Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB/IκBα, p38 MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways. The results showed that SA-A could ameliorate CCl4-induced liver injury and liver fibrosis, improve morphology, and alleviate collagen deposition in the fibrotic liver. Moreover, SA-A could regulate the Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB/IκBα, p38 MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways; increase the levels of SOD and GSH-Px; and decrease MDA level in the fibrotic liver. Collectively, our study findings indicate that SA-A is effective in preventing liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via regulating the Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB/IκBα, p38 MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Rhinacanthin C Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Lipid Accumulation in NAFLD Mice via the AMPK/SIRT1 and SREBP-1c/FAS/ACC Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:6603522. [PMID: 36660274 PMCID: PMC9845057 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6603522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhinacanthin C (RC) is a naphthoquinone ester with an anti-inflammatory activity extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (Rn). It has been proven to improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, but the prevention and mechanism of RC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not clear. In the current study, we first extracted RC from Rn using ethyl acetate and identified it by HPLC, MS, and NMR. At the same time, molecular docking analysis of RC with AMPK and SREBP-1c was performed using AutoDock software. In addition, the mouse model of NAFLD was induced by a high-fat diet in vivo, and low, medium, and high concentrations of RC were used for intervention. The results showed that RC significantly reduced the body mass and liver body coefficient of NAFLD mice, inhibited liver inflammation and fat accumulation, and improved insulin resistance. Further studies showed that RC significantly reduced the levels of serum leptin and resistin, upregulated the expression levels of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor in the liver, and inhibited the expression levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. In terms of mechanism, RC upregulates the expression of p-AMPK and SIRT1 and downregulates the expression of p-p65, SREBP-1c, Fas, Acc-α, PPAR-γ, and SCD1. These studies suggest that RC improves insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in NAFLD by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 and SREBP-1c/Fas/ACC pathways, respectively.
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Zhang L, Liu S, Gu Y, Li S, Liu M, Zhao W. Comparative efficacy of Chinese patent medicines for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1077180. [PMID: 36686656 PMCID: PMC9847677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1077180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing year by year. Researches showed that Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) had achieved good efficacy in the treatment of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the debate on optimum Chinese patent medicine (CPM) persists. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to objectively compare the efficacy of different Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were used as databases for RCT researches retrieval. The retrieval time was from establishment of the database to July 2022. After effective data was extracted, Review Manager 5.4 and Cochrane Collaboration System Evaluator's Manual were used to assess bias risk. STATA 16.0 based on frequency theory was used for the network meta-analysis. Results: Totally 39 studies were included, involving 13 Chinese patent medicines, including 4049 patients, of which 42 patients were lost. In terms of improving clinical efficiency rate, Zhibitai capsule was most likely the best choice of Chinese patent medicine for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liuwei Wuling tablet had the best effect in reducing serum ALT and AST; Gandan Shukang capsule had the best effect in reducing serum GGT; Qianggan capsule had the best effect in reducing serum TG; Dangfei Liganning capsule had the best effect in reducing serum TC. None of the included studies had serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: For patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in this NMA, Zhibitai capsule, Liuwei Wuling tablet, Gandan Shukang capsule, Qianggan capsule, Dangfei Liganning capsule might be noteworthy. Due to the uclear risk bias, better designed double-blind, multi center and large sample RCTs are needed which resolve the problems of blinding, selective reporting and allocation concealment. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022341240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sutong Liu
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajiao Gu
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanzheng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Anggreini P, Kuncoro H, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Role of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 27:35. [PMID: 36562343 PMCID: PMC9827347 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent ailment worldwide. Moreover, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is considered a critical factor in the development of NAFLD; hence, its inhibition is a promising target for the prevention of fatty liver disease. There is evidence to indicate that AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may play a crucial role in DNL and are the regulatory proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, AMPK and SIRT1 may be promising targets for the treatment of NAFLD. The present review article thus aimed to summarize the findings of clinical studies published during the past decade that suggested the beneficial effects of AMPK and SIRT1, using their specific activators and their combined effects on fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anggreini
- Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java 46363, Indonesia,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Borneo 75119, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Borneo 75119, Indonesia,Correspondence to: Dr Hadi Kuncoro, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Muara Muntai Street, Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, East Borneo 75119, Indonesia, E-mail:
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java 46363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java 46363, Indonesia
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21
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Pathogenesis and Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415489. [PMID: 36555127 PMCID: PMC9779435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, affecting approximately one-quarter of the global population, and has become a world public health issue. NAFLD is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by hepatic steatosis, excluding ethanol and other definite liver damage factors. Recent studies have shown that the development of NAFLD is associated with lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. A range of natural products have been reported as regulators of NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of NAFLD and some natural products that have been shown to have therapeutic effects on NAFLD. Our work shows that natural products can be a potential therapeutic option for NAFLD.
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22
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Yahya MA, Alshammari GM, Osman MA, Al-Harbi LN, Yagoub AEA, AlSedairy SA. Liquorice root extract and isoliquiritigenin attenuate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and damage in rats by regulating AMPK. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36121371 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study compared the ability of Liquorice roots aqueous extract (LRE) and its ingredient, isoliquiritigenin (ISL), in alleviating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and examined if this effect involves activation of AMPK.Materials and methods: Control or HFD-fed rats were treated with the vehicle, LRE (200 mg/kg), or ISL (30 mg/kg) for 8 weeks orally.Results: ISL and LRE reduced HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, improved liver structure, lowered serum and hepatic lipids, and attenuated hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. In the control and HFD-fed rats, ISL and LRE significantly stimulated the muscular and hepatic mRNA and protein levels of AMPK, improved oral glucose tolerance, reduced hepatic mRNA levels of SREBP1/2, and upregulated hepatic levels of PPARα and Bcl2. These effects were comparable for ISL and LRE and were prevented by co-administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.Discussion and conclusion: ISL and LRE provide an effective theory to alleviate hepatic steatosis through activating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi A Osman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim A Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Luo W, Dai J, Liu J, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Xu P, Ma Y. PACAP attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation through the FAIM/AMPK/IRβ axis during overnutrition. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101584. [PMID: 36055580 PMCID: PMC9478455 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was reported to attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation in overnutrition-related metabolic disorder, mediated by up-regulation of fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule (FAIM). However, how PACAP regulates FAIM in metabolic tissues remains to be addressed. Here we investigated the underlying mechanism on the role of PACAP in ameliorating metabolic disorder and examined the potential therapeutic effects of PACAP in preventing the progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods Mouse models with MAFLD induced by high-fat diet were employed. Different doses of PACAP were intraperitoneally administrated. Western blot, luciferase assay, lentiviral-mediated gene manipulations and animal metabolic phenotyping analysis were performed to explore the signaling pathway involved in PACAP function. Results PACAP ameliorated the excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and inhibited lipogenesis in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Mechanistically, PACAP activated the FAIM-AMPK-IRβ axis to inhibit the expression of lipid synthesis genes, and FAIM mediated the effects of PACAP. FAIM suppression via lentiviral-mediated shRNA inhibited the activation of AMPK, whereas FAIM overexpression promoted AMPK activation. PACAP increased the promoter activity of FAIM gene through activating PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that the administration of PACAP represented a feasible approach for treating hepatic lipid accumulation in MAFLD. The findings reveal the molecular mechanism that PACAP increase FAIM expression and activates the FAIM/AMPK/IRβ signaling axis, thus inhibits lipogenesis to mediate its beneficial effects. PACAP ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation through the AMPK pathway. AMPK is a downstream mediator of FAIM. FAIM is transcriptionally activated by CREB and regulated by PACAP. PACAP regulates the FAIM-AMPK-IRβ axis to treat fatty liver phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Dai
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Huang
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiong Zheng
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Sun P, Zhang W, Xin Q, Wang N, Niu Y, Chen Y, Luo J, Lu J, Zhou J, Xu N, Zhang Y, Xie W. Empagliflozin-Enhanced Antioxidant Defense Attenuates Lipotoxicity and Protects Hepatocytes by Promoting FoxO3a- and Nrf2-Mediated Nuclear Translocation via the CAMKK2/AMPK Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:799. [PMID: 35624663 PMCID: PMC9137911 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is an important factor in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Excessive accumulation of saturated fatty acids can increase the substrates of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in hepatocytes and cause the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired triphosphate (ATP) production, and fracture and fragmentation of mitochondria, which ultimately leads to hepatocellular inflammatory injuries, apoptosis, and necrosis. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin on lipotoxicity in palmitic acid-treated LO2 cell lines. We found that empagliflozin protected hepatocytes and inhibited palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial functions, and attenuating apoptosis and inflammation responses. The mechanistic study indicated that empagliflozin significantly activated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) through Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CAMKK2) instead of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or TGF-beta activated kinase (TAK1). The activation of empagliflozin on AMPKα not only promoted FoxO3a phosphorylation and thus forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a) nuclear translocation, but also promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, empagliflozin significantly upregulated the expressions of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HO-1. In addition, empagliflozin did not attenuate lipid accumulation at all. These results indicated that empagliflozin mitigated lipotoxicity in saturated fatty acid-induced hepatocytes, likely by promoting antioxidant defense instead of attenuating lipid accumulation through enhanced FoxO3a and Nrf2 nuclear translocation dependent on the CAMKK2/AMPKα pathway. The CAMKK2/AMPKα pathway might serve as a promising target in treatment of lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yipei Ding
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ningchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaoyun Niu
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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25
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Tian X, Chen X, Jiang Q, Sun Q, Liu T, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Shao M, Yang R, Li C, Wang Q, Wang Y. Notoginsenoside R1 Ameliorates Cardiac Lipotoxicity Through AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864326. [PMID: 35370720 PMCID: PMC8968201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac lipotoxicity is the common consequence of lipid metabolism disorders in cardiomyocytes during development of heart failure (HF). Adenosine 5′monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as an energy sensor and has a beneficial effect in reducing lipotoxicity. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (P. notoginseng) and has definite cardioprotective effects. However, whether NGR1 can attenuate HF by mitigating lipotoxicity has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to explore whether NGR1 plays a protective role against HF by ameliorating cardiac lipotoxicity via the AMPK pathway. Methods: In this study, HF mice model was established by left anterior descending (LAD) ligation. palmitic acid (PA) stimulated H9C2 cell model was applied to clarify the effects and potential mechanism of NGR1 on lipotoxicity. In vivo, NGR1 (7.14 mg/kg/days) and positive drug (simvastatin: 2.9 mg/kg/days) were orally administered for 14 days. Echocardiography was applied to assess heart functions. Lipid levels were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and key proteins in the AMPK pathway were detected by western blots. In vitro, NGR1 (40 μmol/L) or Compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK, 10 μmol/L) was co-cultured with PA stimulation for 24 h in H9C2 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Key lipotoxicity-related proteins were detected by western blots and the LipidTOX™ neutral lipid stains were used to assess lipid accumulation. In addition, Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst/PI staining. Results: NGR1 could significantly improve the cardiac function and myocardial injury in mice with HF and up-regulate the expression of p-AMPK. Impressively, NGR1 inhibited the synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide and promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in vivo. Moreover, NGR1 significantly promoted expression of CPT-1A, the key enzyme in FAO pathway, and down-regulated the expression of GPAT and SPT, which were the key enzymes catalyzing production of DAG and ceramide. In vitro experiments showed that NGR1 could significantly attenuate lipid accumulation in PA-induced H9C2 cells and the Hoechst/PI staining results showed that NGR1 ameliorated lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in PA-stimulated H9C2 cell model. Furthermore, co-treatment with inhibitor of AMPK abrogated the protective effects of NGR1. The regulative effects of NGR1 on lipid metabolism were also reversed by AMPK inhibitor. Conclusion: NGR1 could significantly improve the heart function of mice with HF and reduce cardiac lipotoxicity. The cardio-protective effects of NGR1 are mediated by the activation of AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianbin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqin Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing, China
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26
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Yu L, Hong W, Lu S, Li Y, Guan Y, Weng X, Feng Z. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: Therapeutic Targets and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:780496. [PMID: 35350750 PMCID: PMC8957978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.780496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most prevalent primary liver diseases worldwide and can develop into various conditions, ranging from simple steatosis, through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, there is no effective treatment for NAFLD due to the complicated etiology. Recently, activation of the NLPR3 inflammasome has been demonstrated to be a contributing factor in the development of NAFLD, particularly as a modulator of progression from initial hepatic steatosis to NASH. NLRP3 inflammasome, as a caspase-1 activation platform, is critical for processing key pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Various stimuli involved in NAFLD can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, depending on the diverse cellular stresses that they cause. NLRP3 inflammasome-related inhibitors and agents for NAFLD treatment have been tested and demonstrated positive effects in experimental models. Meanwhile, some drugs have been applied in clinical studies, supporting this therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss the activation, biological functions, and treatment targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of NAFLD progression. Specifically, we focus on the different types of therapeutic agents that can inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and summarize their pharmacological effectiveness for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,The Third Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shen Lu
- The Third Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaya Guan
- The Third Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- The Third Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Cimifugin Ameliorates Lipotoxicity-Induced Hepatocyte Damage and Steatosis through TLR4/p38 MAPK- and SIRT1-Involved Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4557532. [PMID: 35355867 PMCID: PMC8958062 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4557532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Hepatic metabolic disorder induced by lipotoxicity plays a detrimental role in metabolic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Cimifugin (Cim), a coumarin derivative extracted from the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata, possesses multiple biological properties against inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress. However, limited study has addressed the hepatoprotective role of Cim. Here, we investigate the protective effect of Cim against lipotoxicity-induced cytotoxicity and steatosis in hepatocytes and clarify its potential mechanisms. Methods. AML-12, a nontransformed mouse hepatocyte cell line, was employed in this study. The cells were incubated with palmitate or oleate to imitate hepatotoxicity or steatosis model, respectively. Results. Cim significantly reversed palmitate-induced hepatocellular injury in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by improvements in oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Cim pretreatment reversed palmitate-stimulated TLR4/p38 MAPK activation and SIRT1 reduction without affecting JNK, ERK1/2, and AMPK pathways. The hepatoprotective effects of Cim were abolished either through activating TLR4/p38 by their pharmacological agonists or genetical silencing SIRT1 via special siRNA, indicating a mechanistic involvement. Moreover, Cim treatment improved oleate-induced hepatocellular lipid accumulation, which could be blocked by either TLR4 stimulation or SIRT1 knockdown. We observed that SIRT1 was a potential target of TLR4 in palmitate-treated hepatocytes, since TLR4 agonist LPS aggravated, whereas TLR4 antagonist CLI-095 alleviated palmitate-decreased SIRT1 expression. SIRT1 knockdown did not affect palmitate-induced TLR4. In addition, TLR4 activation by LPS significantly abolished Cim-protected SIRT1 reduction induced by palmitate. These results collaboratively indicated that TLR4-regulated SIRT1 pathways was mechanistically involved in the protective effects of Cim against lipotoxicity. Conclusion. In brief, we demonstrate the protective effects of Cim against lipotoxicity-induced cell death and steatosis in hepatocytes. TLR4-regulated p38 MAPK and SIRT1 pathways are involved in Cim-protected hepatic lipotoxicity. Cim is a potential candidate for improving hepatic metabolic disorders mediated by lipotoxicity.
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Kashif RR, D’Cunha NM, Mellor DD, Alexopoulos NI, Sergi D, Naumovski N. Prickly Pear Cacti (Opuntia spp.) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Hyperglycemia Management: A Brief Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020300. [PMID: 35208623 PMCID: PMC8874358 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing along with its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From a pathophysiological perspective, T2DM arises as a consequence of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which together induce chronic hyperglycemia. The pharmacological treatment of T2DM specifically focuses on its management, rather than remission, with a lack of pharmacological agents to prevent the onset of the disease. Considering the role of unhealthy dietary patterns on the development of T2DM, identifying novel food ingredients and bioactive substances may provide new avenues by which to address the T2DM epidemic. In this brief review, we have summarized the latest findings on the consumption of the prickly pear (PP; Opuntia spp.) cladode as a potential nutritional tool for the management of hyperglycemia. The consumption of prickly pear cladodes was reported to exert hypoglycemic effects, making it a potential cost-effective nutritional intervention for the management of T2DM. Several studies have demonstrated that the consumption of prickly pear cladodes and the related products reduced post-prandial glucose levels. The cladodes’ high fiber content may be implicated in improving glycemic control, by affecting glucose absorption and effectively slowing its release into the blood circulation. Given these potential hypoglycemic effects, prickly pear cladodes may represent a potential functional food ingredient to improve glycemic control and counter the negative metabolic effects of the modern Western diet. Nonetheless, in consideration of the lack of evidence on the chronic effects of the prickly pear cladode, future research aimed at evaluating its long-term effects on glycemic control is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Raahim Kashif
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Duane D. Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | | | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6206-8719
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Entezari M, Hashemi D, Taheriazam A, Zabolian A, Mohammadi S, Fakhri F, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Ertas YN, Mirzaei S, Samarghandian S. AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112563. [PMID: 35062059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and developed countries, as lifestyle has changed and its management seems to be vital. Type I and type II diabetes are the main kinds and they result in hyperglycemia in patients and related complications. The gene expression alteration can lead to development of DM and related complications. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor with aberrant expression in various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and DM. The present review focuses on understanding AMPK role in DM. Inducing AMPK signaling promotes glucose in DM that is of importance for ameliorating hyperglycemia. Further investigation reveals the role of AMPK signaling in enhancing insulin sensitivity for treatment of diabetic patients. Furthermore, AMPK upregulation inhibits stress and cell death in β cells that is of importance for preventing type I diabetes development. The clinical studies on diabetic patients have shown the role of AMPK signaling in improving diabetic complications such as brain disorders. Furthermore, AMPK can improve neuropathy, nephropathy, liver diseases and reproductive alterations occurring during DM. For exerting such protective impacts, AMPK signaling interacts with other molecular pathways such as PGC-1α, PI3K/Akt, NOX4 and NF-κB among others. Therefore, providing therapeutics based on AMPK targeting can be beneficial for amelioration of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Hashemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Shima Mohammadi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Farima Fakhri
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Target Deconvolution of Fenofibrate in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:3654660. [PMID: 34988225 PMCID: PMC8720586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3654660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent form of liver damage, affecting ~25% of the global population. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver pathologies, from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and may progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The presence of NAFLD correlates with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, blood hypertension, cardiovascular, and insulin resistance. Fenofibrate is an agonist drug for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), used principally for treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, fenofibrate has recently been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of other metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NAFLD. The evidence to date indicates that fenofibrate could improve NAFLD. While PPARα is considered to be the main target of fenofibrate, fenofibrate may exert its effect through impact on other genes and pathways thereby alleviating, and possibly reversing, NAFLD. In this study, using bioinformatics tools and gene-drug, gene-diseases databases, we sought to explore possible targets, interactions, and pathways involved in fenofibrate and NAFLD. Methods We first determined significant protein interactions with fenofibrate in the STITCH database with high confidence (0.7). Next, we investigated the identified proteins on curated targets in two databases, including the DisGeNET and DISEASES databases, to determine their association with NAFLD. We finally constructed a Venn diagram for these two collections (curated genes-NAFLD and fenofibrate-STITCH) to uncover possible primary targets of fenofibrate. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG were analyzed to detect the significantly involved targets in molecular function, biological process, cellular component, and biological pathways. A P value < 0.01 was considered the cut-off criterion. We also estimated the specificity of targets with NAFLD by investigating them in disease-gene associations (STRING) and EnrichR (DisGeNET). Finally, we verified our findings in the scientific literature. Results We constructed two collections, one with 80 protein-drug interactions and the other with 95 genes associated with NAFLD. Using the Venn diagram, we identified 11 significant targets including LEP, SIRT1, ADIPOQ, PPARA, SREBF1, LDLR, GSTP1, VLDLR, SCARB1, MMP1, and APOC3 and then evaluated their biological pathways. Based on Gene Ontology, most of the targets are involved in lipid metabolism, and KEGG enrichment pathways showed the PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and NAFLD as the most significant pathways. The interrogation of those targets on authentic disease databases showed they were more specific to both steatosis and steatohepatitis liver injury than to any other diseases in these databases. Finally, we identified three significant genes, APOC3, PPARA, and SREBF1, that showed robust drug interaction with fenofibrate. Conclusion Fenofibrate may exert its effect directly or indirectly, via modulation of several key targets and pathways, in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Ding Q, Guo R, Pei L, Lai S, Li J, Yin Y, Xu T, Yang W, Song Q, Han Q, Dou X, Li S. N-acetylcysteine alleviates high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury via regulating intestinal microecology in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:3368-3380. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03952k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-accepted antioxidant, has been shown to protect against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of the beneficial...
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Shin MR, Lee JA, Kim M, Lee S, Oh M, Moon J, Nam JW, Choi H, Mun YJ, Roh SS. Gardeniae Fructus Attenuates Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice via Both AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB Pathway and Nrf2 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111837. [PMID: 34829709 PMCID: PMC8614944 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, which means a sort of the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) components through the liver tissue, is considered as tissue repair or wound-healing status. This pathological stage potentially leads to cirrhosis, if not controlled, it progressively results in hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we investigated the pharmacological properties and underlying mechanisms of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis of mice model. GF not only attenuated hepatic tissue oxidation but also improved hepatic inflammation. We further confirmed that GF led to ameliorating liver fibrosis by ECMs degradations. Regarding the possible underlying mechanism of GF, we observed GF regulated epigenetic regulator, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), in TAA-injected liver tissue. These alterations were well supported by SIRT1 related signaling pathways through regulations of its downstream proteins including, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p47phox, NADPH oxidase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1, respectively. To validate the possible mechanism of GF, we used HepG2 cells with hydrogen peroxide treated oxidative stress and chronic exposure conditions via deteriorations of cellular SIRT1. Moreover, GF remarkably attenuated ECMs accumulations in transforming growth factor–β1-induced LX-2 cells relying on the SIRT1 existence. Taken together, GF attenuated liver fibrosis through AMPK/SIRT1 pathway as well as Nrf2 signaling cascades. Therefore, GF could be a clinical remedy for liver fibrosis patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Jin A Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Sehui Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Minhyuck Oh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Jimin Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.M.); (J.-W.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.M.); (J.-W.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.M.); (J.-W.N.); (H.C.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Yeun-Ja Mun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-770-2258
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Quiroga S, Juárez YR, Marcone MP, Vidal MA, Genaro AM, Burgueño AL. Prenatal stress promotes insulin resistance without inflammation or obesity in C57BL/6J male mice. Stress 2021; 24:987-997. [PMID: 34581257 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1978425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During gestation, stress exposure increases the risk of developing cognitive and physiological alterations in either the long or short term. Among them, metabolic alterations have been described. Adipose tissue is responsible for the secretion of several factors involved in controlling body weight and energy expenditure, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and the development of inflammation, among others. Moreover, the liver regulates glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, playing an essential role in developing insulin resistance. In this work, we analyzed if prenatal stress leads to alterations in metabolism and the relationship between these alterations and gene expression in the adipose tissue and the liver. Prenatal stress-exposed animals developed disturbances in the glucose and insulin response curve, showing in both tests higher glycemia than the control group. However, they did not exhibit increased body weight. At the same time, in the adipose tissue, we observed an increase in mRNA expression of Leptin and Resistin and a decrease in Adiponectin. In the liver, we observed a lower mRNA expression of several genes involved in glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation, such as Sirt1, Pgc1α, Pparα, among others. In both tissues, we observed a lower expression of inflammatory genes. These results suggest that prenatal stress exposure produces insulin resistance at both physiological and molecular levels without pro-inflammatory signaling or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamila Raquel Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Marcone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Vidal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Genaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Laura Burgueño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pi A, Jiang K, Ding Q, Lai S, Yang W, Zhu J, Guo R, Fan Y, Chi L, Li S. Alcohol Abstinence Rescues Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Injury via Improving Metabolic Reprogramming in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752148. [PMID: 34603062 PMCID: PMC8481816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) caused by chronic ethanol overconsumption is a common type of liver disease with a severe mortality burden throughout the world. The pathogenesis of ALD is complex, and no effective clinical treatment for the disease has advanced so far. Prolonged alcohol abstinence is the most effective therapy to attenuate the clinical course of ALD and even reverse liver damage. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in alcohol abstinence-improved recovery from alcoholic fatty liver remain unclear. This study aims to systematically evaluate the beneficial effect of alcohol abstinence on pathological changes in ALD. Methods: Using the Lieber-DeCarli mouse model of ALD, we analysed whether 1-week alcohol withdrawal reversed alcohol-induced detrimental alterations, including oxidative stress, liver injury, lipids metabolism, and hepatic inflammation, by detecting biomarkers and potential targets. Results: Alcohol withdrawal ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis by improving liver lipid metabolism reprogramming via upregulating phosphorylated 5′-AMP -activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and downregulating fatty acid synthase (FAS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were significantly enhanced by alcohol withdrawal. Importantly, the abstinence recovered alcohol-fed induced liver injury, as evidenced by the improvements in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver weight/body weight ratio. Alcohol-stimulated toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinases (TLR4/MAPKs) were significantly reversed by alcohol withdrawal, which might mechanistically contribute to the amelioration of liver injury. Accordingly, the hepatic inflammatory factor represented by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was improved by alcohol abstinence. Conclusion: In summary, we reported that alcohol withdrawal effectively restored hepatic lipid metabolism and reversed liver injury and inflammation by improving metabolism reprogramming. These findings enhanced our understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the beneficial role of alcohol abstinence as an effective treatment for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Pi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanglei Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Chi
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Dai X, Feng J, Chen Y, Huang S, Shi X, Liu X, Sun Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Chin Med 2021; 16:68. [PMID: 34344394 PMCID: PMC8330116 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world's largest chronic liver disease, while there is still no specific drug to treat NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been widely used in hepatic diseases for centuries in Asia, and TCM's holistic concept and differentiation treatment of NAFLD show their advantages in the treatment of this complex metabolic disease. However, the multi-compounds and multi-targets are big obstacle for the study of TCM. Here, we summarize the pharmacological actions of active ingredients from frequently used single herbs in TCM compounds. The combined mechanism of herbs in TCM compounds are further discussed to explore their comprehensive effects on NAFLD. This article aims to summarize multiple functions and find the common ground for TCM treatment on NAFLD, thus providing enrichment to the scientific connotation of TCM theories and promotes the exploration of TCM therapies on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou X, Yu L, Zhou M, Hou P, Yi L, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates liver fibrosis via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells by inducing autophagy and natural killer cell-mediated killing effect. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:64. [PMID: 34147124 PMCID: PMC8214786 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the preventive effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) against liver fibrosis involving hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic natural killer (NK) cells. Methods A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model was established in C57BL/6 mice to study the antifibrotic effect of DHM based on serum biochemical parameters, histological and immunofluorescence stainings, and the expression of several fibrosis-related markers. Based on the immunoregulatory role of DHM, the effect of DHM on NK cell activation ex vivo was evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, we investigated whether DHM-induced autophagy was involved in HSCs inactivation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. Thereafter, the role of DHM in NK cell-mediated killing was studied by in vitro coculture of NK cells and HSCs, with subsequent analysis by flow cytometry. Finally, the mechanism by which DHM regulates NK cells was studied by western blot analysis. Results DHM ameliorated liver fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice, as characterized by decreased serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, decreased expressions of collagen I alpha 1 (CoL-1α1), collagen I alpha 2 (CoL-1α2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin, as well as increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Interestingly, HSCs activation was significantly inhibited by DHM in vivo and in vitro. As expected, DHM also upregulated autophagy-related indicators in liver from CCl4-treated mice. DHM also prevented TGF-β1-induced activation of HSCs in vitro by initiating autophagic flux. In contrast, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine markedly abolished the antifibrotic effect of DHM. Surprisingly, the frequency of activated intrahepatic NK cells was significantly elevated by DHM ex vivo. Furthermore, DHM enhanced NK cell-mediated killing of HSCs by increasing IFN-γ expression, which was abolished by an anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibody. Mechanistically, DHM-induced IFN-γ expression was through AhR-NF-κB/STAT3 pathway in NK cells. Conclusion These results demonstrated that DHM can ameliorate the progression of liver fibrosis and inhibition of HSCs activation by inducing autophagy and enhancing NK cell-mediated killing through the AhR-NF-κB/STAT3-IFN-γ signaling pathway, providing new insights into the preventive role of DHM in liver fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00589-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Yan Z, Xu TT, Wu X, Pi A, Liu Q, Chai H, Li S, Dou X. Inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs Pathway Contributes to the Protection of Salvianolic Acid A Against Lipotoxicity-Induced Myocardial Damage in Cardiomyocytes and Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627123. [PMID: 33762947 PMCID: PMC7982403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of lipotoxicity during obesity-associated cardiomyopathy is detrimental to health. Salvianolic acid A (SAA), a natural polyphenol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in China), is known to be cardioprotective. However, its clinical benefits against obesity-associated cardiomyocyte injuries are unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of SAA against lipotoxicity-induced myocardial injury and its underlying mechanisms in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and in palmitate-treated cardiomyocyte cells (H9c2). Our analysis of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CM-KB) levels revealed that SAA significantly reversed HFD-induced myocardium morphological changes and improved myocardial damage. Salvianolic acid A pretreatment ameliorated palmitic acid-induced myocardial cell death and was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species improvement. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms showed that SAA reversed myocardial TLR4 induction in HFD-fed mice and H9c2 cells. Palmitic acid-induced cell death was significantly reversed by CLI-95, a specific TLR4 inhibitor. TLR4 activation by LPS significantly suppressed SAA-mediated lipotoxicity protection. Additionally, SAA inhibited lipotoxicity-mediated expression of TLR4 target genes, including MyD88 and p-JNK/MAPK in HFD-fed mice and H9c2 cells. However, SAA did not exert any effect on palmitic acid-induced SIRT1 suppression and p-AMPK induction. In conclusion, our data shows that SAA protects against lipotoxicity-induced myocardial damage through a TLR4/MAPKs mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- College of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- College of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian Xu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiwen Pi
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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