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Stathoulopoulos A, Passos A, Balabani S. Flows of healthy and hardened RBC suspensions through a micropillar array. Med Eng Phys 2022; 107:103874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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A computational study of red blood cell deformability effect on hemodynamic alteration in capillary vessel networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4304. [PMID: 35277592 PMCID: PMC8917159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary blood vessels, the smallest vessels in the body, form an intricate network with constantly bifurcating, merging and winding vessels. Red blood cells (RBCs) must navigate through such complex microvascular networks in order to maintain tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Normal, healthy RBCs are extremely deformable and able to easily flow through narrow vessels. However, RBC deformability is reduced in many pathological conditions and during blood storage. The influence of reduced cell deformability on microvascular hemodynamics is not well established. Here we use a high-fidelity, 3D computational model of blood flow that retains exact geometric details of physiologically realistic microvascular networks, and deformation of every one of nearly a thousand RBCs flowing through the networks. We predict that reduced RBC deformability alters RBC trafficking with significant and heterogeneous changes in hematocrit. We quantify such changes along with RBC partitioning and lingering at vascular bifurcations, perfusion and vascular resistance, and wall shear stress. We elucidate the cellular-scale mechanisms that cause such changes. We show that such changes arise primarily due to the altered RBC dynamics at vascular bifurcations, as well as cross-stream migration. Less deformable cells tend to linger less at majority of bifurcations increasing the fraction of RBCs entering the higher flow branches. Changes in vascular resistance also seen to be heterogeneous and correlate with hematocrit changes. Furthermore, alteration in RBC dynamics is shown to cause localized changes in wall shear stress within vessels and near vascular bifurcations. Such heterogeneous and focal changes in hemodynamics may be the cause of morphological abnormalities in capillary vessel networks as observed in several diseases.
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JIRARI IMANEEL, BAROUDI ADILEL, AMMAR AMINE. EFFECT OF ARTERIOLAR DISTENSIBILITY ON THE LATERAL MIGRATION OF LIQUID-FILLED MICROPARTICLES FLOWING IN A HUMAN ARTERIOLE. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421500627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A promising advance of bioengineering consists in the development of micro-nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles injected intravenously or intraarterialy for targeted treatment. Proficient functioning of drug carries is conditioned by a reliable prediction of pharmacokinetics in human as well as their dynamical behavior once injected in blood stream. In this study, we aim to provide a reliable numerical prediction of dynamical behavior of microparticles in human arteriole focusing on the crucial mechanism of lateral migration. The dynamical response of the microparticle upon blood flow and arteriolar distensibility is investigated by varying main controlling parameters: viscosity ratio, confinement and capillary number. The influence of the hyperelastic arteriolar wall is highlighted through comparison with an infinitely rigid arteriolar wall. The hydrodynamic interaction in a microparticle train is examined. Fluid–structure interaction is solved by the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method using the COMSOL Multiphysics software.
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Affiliation(s)
- IMANE EL JIRARI
- LAMPA, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, 49035 Angers, France
| | - ADIL EL BAROUDI
- LAMPA, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, 49035 Angers, France
| | - AMINE AMMAR
- LAMPA, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, 49035 Angers, France
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Zhou Q, Perovic T, Fechner I, Edgar LT, Hoskins PR, Gerhardt H, Krüger T, Bernabeu MO. Association between erythrocyte dynamics and vessel remodelling in developmental vascular networks. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210113. [PMID: 34157895 PMCID: PMC8220266 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is an essential vascularization mechanism consisting of sprouting and remodelling. The remodelling phase is driven by rearrangements of endothelial cells (ECs) within the post-sprouting vascular plexus. Prior work has uncovered how ECs polarize and migrate in response to flow-induced wall shear stress (WSS). However, the question of how the presence of erythrocytes (widely known as red blood cells (RBCs)) and their impact on haemodynamics affect vascular remodelling remains unanswered. Here, we devise a computational framework to model cellular blood flow in developmental mouse retina. We demonstrate a previously unreported highly heterogeneous distribution of RBCs in primitive vasculature. Furthermore, we report a strong association between vessel regression and RBC hypoperfusion, and identify plasma skimming as the driving mechanism. Live imaging in a developmental zebrafish model confirms this association. Taken together, our results indicate that RBC dynamics are fundamental to establishing the regional WSS differences driving vascular remodelling via their ability to modulate effective viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tijana Perovic
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Fechner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lowell T. Edgar
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter R. Hoskins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Timm Krüger
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Richardson KJ, Kuck L, Simmonds MJ. Beyond oxygen transport: active role of erythrocytes in the regulation of blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H866-H872. [PMID: 32857630 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It was classically thought that the function of mammalian red blood cells (RBCs) was limited to serving as a vehicle for oxygen, given the cells' abundance of cytosolic hemoglobin. Over the past decades, however, accumulating evidence indicates that RBCs have the capacity to sense low-oxygen tensions in hypoxic tissues, and, subsequently, release signaling molecules that influence the distribution of blood flow. The precise mechanisms that facilitate RBC modulation of blood flow are still being elucidated, although recent evidence indicates involvement of 1) adenosine triphosphate, capable of binding to purinergic receptors located on the vascular wall before initiating nitric oxide (NO; a powerful vasodilator) production in endothelial cells, and/or 2) nonvascular NO, which is now known to have several modes of production within RBCs, including an enzymatic process via a unique isoform of NO synthase (i.e., RBC-NOS), which has potential effects on the vascular smooth muscle. The physical properties of RBCs, including their tendency to form three-dimensional structures in low shear flow (i.e., aggregation) and their capacity to elongate in high shear flow (i.e., deformability), are only recently being viewed as mechanotransductive processes, with profound effects on vascular reactivity and tissue perfusion. Recent developments in intracellular signaling in RBCs, and the subsequent effects on the mechanical properties of blood, and blood flow, thus present a vivid expansion on the classic perspective of these abundant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J Richardson
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lennart Kuck
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael J Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Zhang X, Caruso C, Lam WA, Graham MD. Flow-induced segregation and dynamics of red blood cells in sickle cell disease. PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS 2020; 5:053101. [PMID: 34095646 PMCID: PMC8174308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.5.053101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow in sickle cell disease (SCD) can substantially differ from normal blood flow due to significant alterations in the physical properties of the red blood cells (RBCs). Chronic complications, such as inflammation of the endothelial cells lining blood vessel walls, are associated with SCD, for reasons that are unclear. Here, detailed boundary integral simulations are performed to investigate an idealized model flow flow in SCD, a binary suspension of flexible biconcave discoidal fluid-filled capsules and stiff curved prolate capsules that represent healthy and sickle RBCs, respectively, subjected to pressure-driven flow in a planar slit. The stiff component is dilute. The key observation is that, unlike healthy RBCs that concentrate around the center of the channel and form an RBC-depleted layer (i.e. cell-free layer) next to the walls, sickle cells are largely drained from the bulk of the suspension and aggregate inside the cell-free layer, displaying strong margination. These cells are found to undergo a rigid-body-like rolling orbit near the walls. A binary suspension of flexible biconcave discoidal capsules and stiff straight (non-curved) prolate capsules is also considered for comparison, and the curvature of the stiff component is found to play a minor role in the behavior. Additionally, by considering a mixture of flexible and stiff biconcave discoids, we reveal that rigidity difference by itself is sufficient to induce the segregation behavior in a binary suspension. Furthermore, the additional shear stress on the walls induced by the presence of cells is computed for the various cases. Compared to the small fluctuations in wall shear stress for a suspension of healthy RBCs, large local peaks in wall shear stress are observed for the binary suspensions, due to the proximity of the marginated stiff cells to the walls. This effect is most marked for the straight prolate capsules. As endothelial cells are known to mechanotransduce physical forces such as aberrations in shear stress and convert them to physiological processes such as activation of inflammatory signals, these results may aid in understanding mechanisms for endothelial dysfunction associated with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1691
| | - Christina Caruso
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Michael D. Graham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1691
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Bächer C, Kihm A, Schrack L, Kaestner L, Laschke MW, Wagner C, Gekle S. Antimargination of Microparticles and Platelets in the Vicinity of Branching Vessels. Biophys J 2019; 115:411-425. [PMID: 30021115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the margination of microparticles/platelets in blood flow through complex geometries typical for in vivo vessel networks: a vessel confluence and a bifurcation. Using three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations, we confirm that behind the confluence of two vessels, a cell-free layer devoid of red blood cells develops in the channel center. Despite its small size of roughly 1 μm, this central cell-free layer persists for up to 100 μm after the confluence. Most importantly, we show from simulations that this layer also contains a significant amount of microparticles/platelets and validate this result by in vivo microscopy in mouse venules. At bifurcations, however, a similar effect does not appear, and margination is largely unaffected by the geometry. This antimargination toward the vessel center after a confluence may explain earlier in vivo observations, which found that platelet concentrations near the vessel wall are seen to be much higher on the arteriolar side (containing bifurcations) than on the venular side (containing confluences) of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bächer
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kihm
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lukas Schrack
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Detterich JA, Kato R, Bush A, Chalacheva P, Ponce D, De Zoysa M, Shah P, Khoo MC, Meiselman HJ, Coates TD, Wood JC. Sickle cell microvascular paradox-oxygen supply-demand mismatch. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:678-688. [PMID: 30916797 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that sickle cell disease (SCD) patients maintain normal global systemic and cerebral oxygen delivery by increasing cardiac output. However, ischemic end-organ injury remains common suggesting that tissue oxygen delivery may be impaired by microvascular dysregulation or damage. To test this hypothesis, we performed fingertip laser Doppler flowmetry measurements at the base of the nailbed and regional oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) on the dorsal surface of the same hand. This was done during flow mediated dilation (FMD) studies in 26 chronically transfused SCD, 75 non-transfused SCD, and 18 control subjects. Chronically transfused SCD patients were studied prior to and following a single transfusion and there was no acute change in rSO2 or perfusion. Laser Doppler estimates of resting perfusion were 76% higher in non-transfused and 110% higher in transfused SCD patients, compared to control subjects. In contrast, rSO2 was 12 saturation points lower in non-transfused SCD patients, but normal in the transfused SCD patients. During cuff occlusion, rSO2 declined at the same rate in all subjects suggesting similar intrinsic oxygen consumption rates. Upon cuff release, laser doppler post occlusive hyperemia was blunted in SCD patients in proportion to their resting perfusion values. Transfusion therapy did not improve the hyperemia response. FMD was impaired in SCD subjects but partially ameliorated in transfused SCD subjects. Taken together, non-transfused SCD subjects demonstrate impaired conduit artery FMD, impaired microcirculatory post-occlusive hyperemia, and resting hypoxia in the hand despite compensated oxygen delivery, suggesting impaired oxygen supply-demand matching. Transfusion improves FMD and oxygen supply-demand matching but not microcirculation hyperemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A. Detterich
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - Roberta Kato
- Division of Pediatric PulmonologyChildren's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Adam Bush
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Patjanaporn Chalacheva
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Derek Ponce
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - Madushka De Zoysa
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - Payal Shah
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - Michael C. Khoo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Herbert J. Meiselman
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - Thomas D. Coates
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - John C. Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering
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