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Krzesiak A, Enea C, Faivre JF, Bescond J, Vanderbrouck C, Cognard C, Sebille S, Bosquet L, Delpech N. Combined cardiovascular effects of ovariectomy and high-intensity interval training in female spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1195-1208. [PMID: 38572539 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00518.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive postmenopausal women are more likely to develop adverse cardiac remodeling and respond less effectively to drug treatment than men. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is a nonpharmacological strategy for the treatment of hypertension; however, the effectiveness in women remains uncertain. This study was designed to evaluate 1) the effects of HIIE training upon morphological and functional markers of cardiovascular health in female SHR and 2) to determine whether the hormonal shift induced by ovariectomy could influence cardiovascular responses to HIIE. Thirty-six SHR were randomly assigned to four groups: ovariectomized sedentary, ovariectomized trained, sham-operated sedentary, and sham-operated trained. The trained rats performed HIIE 5 days/wk for 8 wk. Blood pressure and echocardiographic measurements were performed before and after training in animals. Cardiac response to β-adrenergic stimulation and the expression of calcium regulatory proteins and estrogen receptors in heart samples were assessed. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine was evaluated in aortic rings as well as the expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (eNOS and P-eNOS) by Western blotting. In both groups of trained SHR, HIIE induced eccentric cardiac remodeling with greater inotropic and chronotropic effects, as well as an increase in SERCA and β1AR expression. However, although the trained rats showed improved endothelial function and expression of eNOS and P-eNOS in the aorta, there was no demonstrated effect on blood pressure. In addition, the responses to HIIE training were not affected by ovariectomy. This work highlights the importance of assessing the cardiovascular efficacy and safety of different exercise modalities in women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reports the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) training on cardiac and endothelial function in female hypertensive rats. Despite a lack of effect on blood pressure (BP), HIIE training induces eccentric cardiac remodeling with greater functionals effects. Furthermore, training has beneficial effects on endothelial function. However, ovarian hormones do not seem to modulate cardiac and aortic adaptations to this training modality. All this underlines the need to consider training modalities on the cardiovascular system in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Krzesiak
- Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire PRéTI (UR 24184), University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Carina Enea
- Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Jocelyn Bescond
- Laboratoire PRéTI (UR 24184), University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Christian Cognard
- Laboratoire PRéTI (UR 24184), University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphane Sebille
- Laboratoire PRéTI (UR 24184), University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Delpech
- Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Ferreira MJ, Dias DDS, Silva GDC, de Araujo AA, Dutra MRH, Bernardes N, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Concurrent exercise training potentiates the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on regulatory systems of blood pressure control in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2024; 42:650-661. [PMID: 38441185 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enalapril has shown satisfactory potential in controlling increased and sustained blood pressure (BP). However, multiple dysregulated mechanisms that interact with each other and are involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension may not be affected, contributing to the remaining cardiovascular risk. Using an exercise training protocol, we investigated whether adding both approaches to arterial hypertension management could promote higher modulation of regulatory mechanisms of BP in postmenopausal rats. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats were allocated into sedentary (S) and ovariectomized groups: sedentary (OS), sedentary treated with enalapril maleate (OSE) and trained treated with enalapril maleate (OTE). Both the pharmacological and exercise training protocols lasted for 8 weeks. The BP was directly recorded. Inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated in the cardiac tissue. RESULTS Although BP reduction was similar between OSE and OTE, trained group showed lower vasopressor systems outflow after sympathetic ganglion blocking by hexamethonium (mean BP) (OTE: -53.7 ± 9.86 vs. OS: -75.7 ± 19.2 mmHg). Bradycardic and tachycardic response were increased in OTE group (-1.4 ± 0.4 and -2.6 ± 0.4 vs. OS: -0.6 ± 0.3 and -1.3 ± 0.4 bpm/mmHg, respectively), as well as BP variability. In addition, the combination of approaches induced an increase in interleukin 10, antioxidant defense (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and nitrite levels compared with the OS group. CONCLUSION Despite similar BP, the inclusion of exercise training in antihypertensive drug treatment exacerbates the positive adaptations induced by enalapril alone on autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles, probably affecting end-organ damage and remaining risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycon Junior Ferreira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE)
| | - Gabriel do Carmo Silva
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE)
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dos Santos Ferreira Silva MP, Ferreira MJ, Shecaira TP, da Silva Dias D, Kimura DC, Irigoyen MC, Gomes GN, De Angelis K. Impact of exercise training associated with enalapril treatment on blood pressure variability and renal dysfunctions in an experimental model of arterial hypertension and postmenopause. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296687. [PMID: 38198460 PMCID: PMC10781158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the concurrent exercise training (CET) associated with the enalapril maleate on blood pressure variability (BPV) and renal profile in an experimental model of arterial hypertension (AH) and postmenopause. METHODS Female ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were distributed into 4 groups (n = 8/group): sedentary (SO), sedentary + enalapril (SOE), trained (TO) and trained + enalapril (TOE). Both enalapril (3mg/kg) and CET (3 days/week) were conducted during 8 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was directly recorded for BPV analyses. Renal function, morphology, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS The SOE, TO e TOE groups presented decreased systolic BP compared with SO. Both trained groups (TO and TOE) presented lower BPV and increased baroreflex sensitivity (TO: 0.76 ± 0.20 and TOE: 1.02 ± 0.40 vs. SO: 0.40 ± 0.07 ms/mmHg) compared with SO group, with additional improvements in TOE group. Creatinine and IL-6 levels were reduced in SOE, TO and TOE compared with SO group, while IL-10 was increased only in TOE group (vs. SO). Enalapril combined with CET promote reduction in lipoperoxidation (TOE: 1.37 ± 0.26 vs. SO: 2.08 ± 0.48 and SOE: 1.84 ± 0.35 μmol/mg protein) and hydrogen peroxide (TOE: 1.89 ± 0.40 vs. SO: 3.70 ± 0.19 and SOE: 2.73 ± 0.70 μM), as well as increase in catalase activity (vs. sedentary groups). The tubulointerstitial injury was lower in interventions groups (SOE, TO and TOE vs. SO), with potentialized benefits in the trained groups. CONCLUSIONS Enalapril combined with CET attenuated BPV and baroreflex dysfunctions, probably impacting on end-organ damage, as demonstrated by attenuation in the AH-induced renal inflammations, oxidative stress and morphofunctional impairments in postmenopausal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maycon Junior Ferreira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Plens Shecaira
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Débora Conte Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia De Angelis
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Hill H, Elliot CA, Lizamore CA, Hamlin MJ. Physical activity has a stronger correlation with arterial stiffness than strength, balance, or BMI in an older population. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1279479. [PMID: 38162458 PMCID: PMC10755870 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1279479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Background: Arterial stiffness is associated with an array of debilitating health conditions. While exercise typically has beneficial effects on both arterial stiffness and overall health, more research is needed to understand the associations of different types of fitness indices with arterial stiffness. Aim: To investigate the relationship between balance, strength, cardiovascular fitness and physical activity with arterial stiffness (as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV)) in older adults. Method: Eighty retirement-village residents (24 males, 56 females, age: 78.2 ± 6.4 years, weight: 69.4 ± 12.5 kg, height: 162.9 ± 8.5 cm) completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey, PWV measurement, 30-s sit-to-stand leg strength test, hand grip strength assessment, 4-stage balance test, and a 6-min walk fitness test. The number of exiting risk factors (smoking, previous heart incidents, previous stroke(s), having hypertension, or taking anti-hypertension medication) were tallied. Pearson's correlations were used to assess the relationship between PWV and health and fitness parameters. Results were interpreted using qualitative inference. Results: The number of risk factors (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), age (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.50, p = 0.001) had strong, harmful associations with PWV. Total physical activity minutes/week (r = -0.31 p = 0.01), total energy expenditure Kcal/week (r = -0.30, p = 0.01), and the 6-min walk test (r = -0.29, p = 0.01) had a moderate, beneficial association with PWV, while sit-to-stand (r = -0.27, p = 0.02) and balance (r = -0.27, p = 0.01) had a weak, beneficial association with PWV. Hand grip strength (r = 0.02, p = 0.94) and body mass index (r = -0.04, p = 0.75) had no significant associations with PWV. Discussion: All measured fitness indices had beneficial associations with PWV. However, having more risk factors, increased age, and higher systolic blood pressure had significant (harmful) associations with PWV in our older population. Conclusion: Controlling cardiovascular risk factors, especially high systolic blood pressure, is likely to have the largest beneficial effect on PWV. Improving general physical activity, including walking capacity, may prove beneficial in improving PWV in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hill
- Department of Tourism, Sport, and Society, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Catherine A. Elliot
- Department of Tourism, Sport, and Society, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Catherine A. Lizamore
- Department of Applied Science and Social Practice, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael J. Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport, and Society, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Ferreira MJ, dos Santos Ferreira Silva MP, da Silva Dias D, Bernardes N, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Concurrent exercise training induces additional benefits to hydrochlorothiazide: Evidence for an improvement of autonomic control and oxidative stress in a model of hypertension and postmenopause. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289715. [PMID: 37549182 PMCID: PMC10406179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether exercise training could contribute to a better modulation of the neurohumoral mechanisms linked to the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension (AH) in postmenopausal hypertensive rats treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). METHODS Female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (150-200g, 90 days old) were distributed into 5 hypertensive groups (n = 7-8 rats/group): control (C), ovariectomized (O), ovariectomized treated with HCTZ (OH), ovariectomized submitted to exercise training (OT) and ovariectomized submitted to exercise training and treated with HCTZ (OTH). Ovarian hormone deprivation was performed through bilateral ovariectomy. HCTZ (30mg/kg/day) and concurrent exercise training (3d/wk) were conducted lasted 8 weeks. Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded. Cardiac effort was evaluated using the rate-pressure product (RPP = systolic AP x heart rate). Vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist, losartan and hexamethonium were sequentially injected to evaluate the vasopressor systems. Inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated in cardiac tissue. RESULTS In addition to the reduction in AP, trained groups improved RPP, AP variability, bradycardic (OT: -1.3 ± 0.4 and OTH: -1.6 ± 0.3 vs. O: -0.6 ± 0.3 bpm/mmHg) and tachycardic responses of baroreflex sensitivity (OT: -2.4 ± 0.8 and OTH: -2.4 ± 0.8 vs. O: -1.3 ± 0.5 bpm/mmHg), NADPH oxidase and IL-10/TNF-α ratio. Hexamethonium injection revealed reduced sympathetic contribution on basal AP in OTH group (OTH: -49.8 ± 12.4 vs. O: -74.6 ± 18.1 mmHg). Furthermore, cardiac sympathovagal balance (LF/HF ratio), IL-10 and antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in OTH group. AP variability and baroreflex sensitivity were correlated with systolic AP, RPP, LF/HF ratio and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. CONCLUSION The combination of HCTZ plus concurrent exercise training induced additional positive adaptations in cardiovascular autonomic control, inflammation and redox balance in ovariectomized SHR. Therefore, combining exercise and medication may represent a promising strategy for managing classic and remaining cardiovascular risks in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycon Junior Ferreira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Da Costa-Santos N, Minguta Santos Costa G, Dos-Santos A, Nascimento-Carvalho B, Ribeiro TF, Freitas SCF, Caperuto E, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K, Scapini KB, Sanches IC. Combined Exercise Training Promotes More Benefits on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Ovariectomized Rats Than Isolated Aerobic or Resistance Training. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1903-1913. [PMID: 37398943 PMCID: PMC10312209 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s386944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular risk increase after ovarian deprivation has been extensively demonstrated by our research group through cardiovascular autonomic analysis. Interventions involving different types of exercises, such as resistance exercises or combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) have been widely recommended to prevent or minimize neuromuscular decline in postmenopausal women, which is aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle. Experimentally, the cardiovascular effects of resistance or combined training, as well as comparison between aerobic, resistance, and combined training, in ovariectomized animals are scarce. Purpose In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of aerobic and resistance training may be more effective in preventing muscle mass loss, as well as improving cardiovascular autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity, than aerobic or resistance training individually in ovariectomized rats. Animals and Methods Female rats were divided into 5 groups: sedentary (C); ovariectomized (Ovx); trained ovariectomized submitted to aerobic training (OvxAT); resistance training (OvxRT); combined training (OvxCT). Exercise training lasted 8 weeks, with the combined group alternating between aerobic training and resistance training every other day. At the end of the study, glycemia and insulin tolerance were evaluated. Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by heart rate response to changes in arterial pressure. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis. Results Combined training was the only training regime that increased baroreflex sensitivity for tachycardic response and reduced all systolic blood pressure variability parameters. Furthermore, all animals submitted to exercise training on a treadmill (OvxAT and OvxCT) presented lower systolic, diastolic, and mean pressure, as well as improvements in the autonomic modulation for the heart. Conclusion Combined training showed to be more effective than isolated aerobic and resistance training, mixing the isolated benefits of each modality. It was the only modality able to increase baroreflex sensitivity to tachycardic responses, reduce arterial pressure and all parameters of vascular sympathetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erico Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Claudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia De Angelis
- Physiology Exercise Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Combined Training Reduces Redox and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Improves General-Social Health in Elderly Men. Asian J Sports Med 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm-132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased inflammation and oxidative stress are the main causes of many common diseases of old age. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of combined training on inflammatory and oxidative markers and the general-social health of overweight older male adults. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 overweight older male adults with an age range of 60 - 75 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two training and control groups. The training program included aerobic, resistance, and balance training for eight weeks and three days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention. The statistical analysis of the data was done by two-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: After eight weeks of combined training, levels of TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01), hs-CRP (P ≤ 0.03), and MDA (P ≤ 0.01), the mass of fat (P ≤ 0.04) decreased, while the level of superoxide dismutase (P ≤ 0.01) and the score of social health (P ≤ 0.01) increased significantly. Conclusions: It seems that combined training in the elderly is a suitable option for modulating and regulating inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers and improving general social health.
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Nascimento‐Carvalho B, Dos‐Santos A, Da Costa‐Santos N, Carvalho SL, de Moraes OA, Santos CP, De Angelis K, Caperuto EC, Irigoyen M, Scapini K, Sanches IC. Food readjustment plus exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15609. [PMID: 36898722 PMCID: PMC10005889 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite consensus on the benefits of food readjustment and/or moderate-intensity continuous exercise in the treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors, there is little evidence of the association between these two cardiovascular risk management strategies after menopause. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of food readjustment and/or exercise training on metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, and inflammatory parameters in a model of loss of ovarian function with diet-induced obesity. Forty C57BL/6J ovariectomized mice were divided into the following groups: high-fat diet-fed - 60% lipids throughout the protocol (HF), food readjustment - 60% lipids for 5 weeks, readjusted to 10% for the next 5 weeks (FR), high-fat diet-fed undergoing moderate-intensity exercise training (HFT), and food readjustment associated with moderate-intensity exercise training (FRT). Blood glucose evaluations and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Blood pressure was assessed by direct intra-arterial measurement. Baroreflex sensitivity was tested using heart rate phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside induced blood pressure changes. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated in time and frequency domains. Inflammatory profile was evaluated by IL-6, IL-10 cytokines, and TNF-alpha measurements. Only the exercise training associated with food readjustment strategy induced improved functional capacity, body composition, metabolic parameters, inflammatory profile, and resting bradycardia, while positively changing cardiovascular autonomic modulation and increasing baroreflex sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that the association of these strategies seems to be effective in the management of cardiometabolic risk in a model of loss of ovarian function with diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nascimento‐Carvalho
- Unidade de Hipertensao, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao Paulo (InCor‐HCFMUSP)São PauloBrazil
- Human Movement LabSão Judas Tadeu University (USJT)São PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Oscar A. de Moraes
- Unidade de Hipertensao, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao Paulo (InCor‐HCFMUSP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Camila P. Santos
- Department of MedicineFederal University of São Paulo (Unifesp)São PauloBrazil
| | - Katia De Angelis
- Department of MedicineFederal University of São Paulo (Unifesp)São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Maria‐Claudia Irigoyen
- Unidade de Hipertensao, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao Paulo (InCor‐HCFMUSP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Katia B. Scapini
- Human Movement LabSão Judas Tadeu University (USJT)São PauloBrazil
| | - Iris C. Sanches
- Human Movement LabSão Judas Tadeu University (USJT)São PauloBrazil
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Sánchez-Delgado JC, Jácome-Hortúa AM, Yoshida de Melo K, Aguilar BA, Vieira Philbois S, Dutra de Souza HC. Physical Exercise Effects on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Postmenopausal Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032207. [PMID: 36767574 PMCID: PMC9916307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardioprotective effect of physical exercise has been demonstrated in several studies. However, no systematic or updated analysis has described the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. AIM to describe the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. METHODS The Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for randomized clinical trials published between January 2011 and December 2021, and regarding the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Two independent authors processed the citations. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDRo scale. RESULTS Of the 91 studies identified, only 8 met the inclusion criteria, of which 7 had fair or poor methodological quality. The analyzed studies investigated the effects of functional training, whole-body vibration, muscular resistance, stretching, and aerobic exercises performed at home or at the gym. The majority of these exercise modalities showed improvements in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices and in the low-frequency band of blood pressure variability. The meta-analysis shows that exercise increased the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1) (mean difference (MD) = 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 6.77, n = 46; I2: 0%) and the standard deviation of long-term variability (SD2) (MD = 11.37; 95% CI = 2.99 to 19.75; n = 46; I2: 0%). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise and some nonconventional training modalities may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. More high-quality studies are still needed to further confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sánchez-Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación Ser Cultura y Movimiento, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás-Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia
| | | | - Kelly Yoshida de Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physioterapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physioterapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physioterapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physioterapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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Zhao B, Xu Y, Chen Y, Cai Y, Gong Z, Li D, Kuang H, Liu X, Zhou H, Liu G, Yin Y. Activation of TRPV4 by lactate as a critical mediator of renal fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats after moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 13:927078. [PMID: 36160854 PMCID: PMC9493464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.927078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate-intensity exercise training has been regarded a healthy way to alleviate kidney fibrosis by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. However, the impact of different intensity exercise training on renal function is unknown, and the underlying mechanism is also unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of lactic acid in different intensity exercise training on renal fibrosis in spontaneous hypertension. Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, lactic acid kit, and Western blotting were applied on the excised renal tissue from six male Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) and 18 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which were randomly divided into a sedentary hypertensive group (SHR), moderate-intensity exercise hypertensive group (SHR-M), and high-intensity exercise hypertensive group (SHR-H). The results revealed that renal and blood lactic acid, as well as the key fibrotic protein levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), TGFβ-1, phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), were significantly decreased in the SHR-M group when compared with the SHR and SHR-H groups. In further in vitro experiments, we selected normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) cells. By immunofluorescence and Western blotting techniques, we found that TRPV4 antagonists (RN-1734) markedly inhibited lactate-induced fibrosis. In conclusion, compared with previous studies, high-intensity exercise training (HIET) can cause adverse effects (renal damage and fibrosis). High concentrations of lactic acid can aggravate renal fibrosis conditions via activating TRPV4-TGFβ1-SMAD2/3-CTGF-mediated renal fibrotic pathways in spontaneous hypertension. This finding might provide new ideas for treating hypertensive nephropathy with different intensity exercise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyan Gong
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guochun Liu
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guochun Liu, ; Yuehui Yin, ,
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guochun Liu, ; Yuehui Yin, ,
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11
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Tardelli LP, Duchatsch F, Herrera NA, Ruiz TFR, Pagan LU, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Amaral SL. Benefits of combined exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Front Physiol 2022; 13:916179. [PMID: 36045742 PMCID: PMC9420846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.916179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness is an important side-effect, associated with hypertension and future cardiovascular events, which can be counteracted by exercise training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms induced by combined training to attenuate arterial stiffness and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent combined training for 74 days and were treated with dexamethasone (50 µg/kg s. c.) or saline solution during the last 14 days. Wistar rats were used as controls. Echocardiographic parameters, blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), as well as histological analyses of the heart and aorta, carotid and femoral arteries were performed. At the beginning, SHR had higher BP and PWV compared with Wistar rats. After 60 days, while BP increased in sedentary SHR, combined exercise training decreased BP and PWV. After 74d, the higher BP and PWV of sedentary SHR was accompanied by autonomic imbalance to the heart, cardiac remodeling, and higher arterial collagen deposition. DEX treatment did not change these parameters. On the other hand, trained SHR had reduced BP and PWV, which was associated with better autonomic balance to the heart, reduced myocardial collagen deposition, as well as lower arterial collagen deposition. The results of this study suggest that combined training, through the reduction of aortic collagen deposition, is an important strategy to reduce arterial stiffness in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and these lower responses were maintained regardless of dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidieli P. Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara A. Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando R. Ruiz
- Joint Graduate Program in Animal Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana U. Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Vicentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sandra L. Amaral,
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12
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Arabacı Tamer S, Altınoluk T, Emran M, Korkmaz S, Yüksel RG, Baykal Z, Dur ZS, Levent HN, Ural MA, Yüksel M, Çevik Ö, Ercan F, Yıldırım A, Yeğen BÇ. Melatonin Alleviates Ovariectomy-Induced Cardiovascular Inflammation in Sedentary or Exercised Rats by Upregulating SIRT1. Inflammation 2022; 45:2202-2222. [PMID: 35665875 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of hormone replacement, melatonin, or exercise alone or their combination on oxidative damage and functional status of heart, brain, and aorta of ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to determine whether the signaling pathway is dependent on sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats were orally given either a hormone replacement therapy (1 mg/kg/day,17β estradiol; HRT) or melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) or HRT + melatonin treatments or tap water, while each group was further divided into sedentary and exercise (30 min/5 days/week) groups. After the heart rate measurements and memory tests were performed, trunk blood was collected at the end of the 10th week to determine metabolic parameters in serum samples. Tissue samples of abdominal aorta, heart, and brain were taken for biochemical measurements and histopathological evaluation. Heart rates and memory performances of the OVX rats were not changed significantly by none of the applications. Melatonin treatment or its co-administration with HRT upregulated the expressions of IL-10 and SIRT1, reduced the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduced DNA damage in the hearts and thoracic aortae of non-exercised rats. Co-administration of melatonin and HRT to exercised OVX rats reduced inflammatory response and upregulated SIRT1 expression in the aortic and cardiac tissues. The present study suggests that melatonin treatment, either alone or in combination with exercise and/or HRT, upregulates SIRT1 expression and alleviates oxidative injury and inflammation in the hearts and aortas of OVX rats. Melatonin should be considered in alleviating cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Arabacı Tamer
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basibüyük Mah. Maltepe Basibüyük Yolu No. 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülin Altınoluk
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basibüyük Mah. Maltepe Basibüyük Yolu No. 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Miray Emran
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Korkmaz
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Baykal
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hilal Nişva Levent
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mürüvvet Abbak Ural
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Marmara University Vocational School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Yıldırım
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basibüyük Mah. Maltepe Basibüyük Yolu No. 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basibüyük Mah. Maltepe Basibüyük Yolu No. 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Caminiti G, Perrone MA, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, Marazzi G, Selli S, Franchini A, Padua E. Effects of Concurrent Aerobic Plus Resistance Training on Blood Pressure Variability and Blood Pressure Values in Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease: Gender-Related Differences. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060172. [PMID: 35735801 PMCID: PMC9224805 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare changes in blood pressure variability (BPV) and blood pressure (BP) values occurring in response to concurrent training (CT) between the two genders. A total of 35 males and 20 women aged 55–80 years, with hypertension and coronary artery disease, were included. They underwent a 12-week CT program. The aerobic component of CT was performed according to the rate of perceived exertion while the intensity of the resistance component was set at 60% of 1 repetition maximum for the first 4 weeks and then increased to 80%. BP and BPV were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the CT program through 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. After 12-weeks, 24 h and daytime systolic BPV decreased in both men and women without significant between-groups differences. Twenty-four-hour daytime and nighttime diastolic BPV decreased in both genders with a significantly greater decrease in women compared to men. Twenty-four-hour daytime systolic and 24 h diastolic BP decreased in men while they were unchanged in women. In conclusion, CT induced similar reductions of systolic BPV in men and women and a greater decrease in diastolic BPV in women. Conversely, CT decreased BP values in males but not in females. CT appears to be an effective intervention for reducing BPV in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caminiti
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, S. Raffaele IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (F.I.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00163 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, S. Raffaele IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (F.I.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00163 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Iellamo
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, S. Raffaele IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (F.I.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Marazzi
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, S. Raffaele IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (F.I.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Serena Selli
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, S. Raffaele IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (F.I.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessio Franchini
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, S. Raffaele IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (F.I.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00163 Rome, Italy;
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14
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Wang W, Yang Q, Zhou C, Jiang H, Sun Y, Wang H, Luo X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wang K, Jia J, Qin L. Transcriptomic changes in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized mice: Data from RNA-seq analysis. Ann Anat 2022; 241:151886. [PMID: 35032566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopausal symptoms can affect the physical and mental health of females and are often related to abnormal function of the hypothalamus. In this study, we evaluated changes in the hypothalamus transcriptome in ovariectomized mice to identify key mRNAs, and systematically elucidated the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the menopausal syndrome to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Forty-six adult female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into SHAM and OVX groups, 23 mice per group. Eight weeks after the procedure, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hypothalamus were identified through RNA-sequencing. DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses. Key DEGs were then evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with SHAM group, 7295 genes were upregulated, and 8979 genes were downregulated in the hypothalamus of OVX mice with a fold change of 1.5 (log2 fold change ≥0.585). GO and KEGG analyses suggested these key genes were involved in thermoregulation, food intake, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular regulation, biological rhythm, and endocrine regulation. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression of genes in the hypothalamus of OVX mice involved in thermoregulation, eating, sleeping, homeostasis, and endocrine regulation 8 weeks after ovariectomy suggest potential roles in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanrong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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15
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Effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111560. [PMID: 34560198 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women. The results of this study will provide an effective means for postmenopausal women to control BP and reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Eligible studies were searched in five electronic databases until November 2020, and 11 randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). This study was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number: CRD42021225546. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the aerobic combined resistance exercise significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 0.81 mmHg (95% CI, -1.34 to -0.28) and 0.62 mmHg (95% CI, -1.11 to -0.14), respectively. The results of the meta-analysis also indicated that a significant reduction in brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) of - 1.18 m/s (95% CI, -1.81 to -0.56) and heart rate (HR) of -0.22 beats/min (95% CI: -0.42 to -0.02) after combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Subgroup analysis showed that postmenopausal women ≥60 years of age who were overweight or had a normal baseline BP were more sensitive to the combined aerobic and resistance exercise. When combined aerobic and resistance exercise frequency < 3 times/week, weekly exercise time ≥ 150 min, or the duration of exercise lasted for 12 weeks, the SBP and DBP of postmenopausal women could be reduced more effectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that combined aerobic and resistance exercise can significantly reduce BP in postmenopausal women. Accordingly, combined aerobic and resistance exercise may be an effective way to prevent and manage hypertension in postmenopausal women.
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16
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Costa SP, Domingues TE, Rodrigues CM, Silva SB, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Costa-Pereira LV, Peixoto MFD, da Fonseca SF, Sampaio KH, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Does endurance training prior to ovariectomy protect against myocardial contractility dysfunction in rats? Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111556. [PMID: 34537279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance training prevents cardiac dysfunction induced by menopause, but to date, no studies compared the effects of endurance training prior to menopause versus estrogen replacement therapy during menopause on heart function of rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats aged three months were randomly assigned into three groups: Untrained ovariectomized rats (UN-OVX), untrained ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (UN-OVX-E2), and ovariectomized rats previously exercised (EX-OVX). The endurance training protocol consisted of running on a treadmill at 60-70% of maximal aerobic capacity, 60 min per day, five days per week, for eight weeks. Estradiol replacement therapy consisted of silastic capsules containing the hormone for twelve days. After euthanasia, hearts were harvested, weighed and cardiac function was evaluated by the Langendorff technique. RESULTS Both cardiac contractility and relaxation indexes improved similarly in the EX-OVX and UN-OVX-E2 rats compared to UN-OVX. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal similar beneficial effects between endurance training previously to menopause and estradiol replacement therapy during menopause on cardiac function of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Paula Costa
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Emanuela Domingues
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Cíntia Maria Rodrigues
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Sara Barros Silva
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Liliane Vanessa Costa-Pereira
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
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17
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Sex-Specific Impacts of Exercise on Cardiovascular Remodeling. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173833. [PMID: 34501285 PMCID: PMC8432130 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in men and women. Biological sex plays a major role in cardiovascular physiology and pathological cardiovascular remodeling. Traditionally, pathological remodeling of cardiovascular system refers to the molecular, cellular, and morphological changes that result from insults, such as myocardial infarction or hypertension. Regular exercise training is known to induce physiological cardiovascular remodeling and beneficial functional adaptation of the cardiovascular apparatus. However, impact of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation varies between males and females. This review aims to compare and contrast sex-specific manifestations of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation. Specifically, we review (1) sex disparities in cardiovascular function, (2) influence of biological sex on exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation, and (3) sex-specific impacts of various types, intensities, and durations of exercise training on cardiovascular apparatus. The review highlights both animal and human studies in order to give an all-encompassing view of the exercise-induced sex differences in cardiovascular system and addresses the gaps in knowledge in the field.
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Shen F, Zhao Y, Ding W, Liu K, Ren X, Zhang Q, Yu J, Hu Y, Zuo H, Guo M, Jin L, Gong M, Wu W, Gu X, Xu L, Yang F, Lu J. Autonomous climbing: An effective exercise mode with beneficial outcomes of aerobic exercise and resistance training. Life Sci 2020; 265:118786. [PMID: 33221346 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of three specific exercise training modes, aerobic exercise (A), resistance training (R) and autonomous climbing (AC), aimed at proposing a cross-training method, on improving the physical, molecular and metabolic characteristics of mice without many side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven-week-old male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), aerobic exercise (A), resistance training (R), and autonomous climbing (AC) groups. Physical changes in mice were tracked and analysed to explore the similarities and differences of these three exercise modes. Histochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot (WB) and metabolomics analysis were performed to identify the underlying relationships among the three training modes. KEY FINDINGS Mice in the AC group showed better body weight control, glucose and energy homeostasis. Molecular markers of myogenesis, hypertrophy, antidegradation and mitochondrial function were highly expressed in the muscle of mice after autonomous climbing. The serum metabolomics landscape and enriched pathway comparison indicated that the aerobic oxidation pathway (pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism and fatty acid degradation) and amino acid metabolism pathway (tyrosine, arginine and proline metabolism) were significantly enriched in group AC, suggesting an increased muscle mitochondrial function and protein balance ability of mice after autonomous climbing. SIGNIFICANCE We propose a new exercise mode, autonomous climbing, as a convenient but effective training method that combines the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Wubin Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Kailin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Hui Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ling Jin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mingkai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Fenglei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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Agca C, Klakotskaia D, Stopa EG, Schachtman TR, Agca Y. Ovariectomy Influences Cognition and Markers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:529-541. [PMID: 31796679 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most devastating and costly diseases, and prevalence of AD increases with age. Furthermore, females are twice as likely to suffer from AD compared to males. The cessation of reproductive steroid hormone production during menopause is hypothesized to cause this difference. Two rodent AD models, APP21 and APP+PS1, and wild type (WT) rats underwent an ovariectomy or sham surgery. Changes in learning and memory, brain histology, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, levels of mRNAs involved in Aβ production and clearance, and synaptic and cognitive function were determined. Barnes maze results showed that regardless of ovariectomy status, APP+PS1 rats learned slower and had poor memory retention. Ovariectomy caused learning impairment only in the APP21 rats. High levels of Aβ42 and very low levels of Aβ40 were observed in the brain cortices of APP+PS1 rats indicating limited endogenous PS1. The APP+PS1 rats had 43-fold greater formic acid soluble Aβ42 than Aβ40 at 17 months. Furthermore, levels of formic acid soluble Aβ42 increased 57-fold in ovariectomized APP+PS1 rats between 12 and 17 months of age. The mRNA encoding Grin1 significantly decreased due to ovariectomy whereas levels of Bace1, Chat, and Prkcb all decreased with age. The expression levels of mRNAs involved in Aβ degradation and AβPP cleavage (Neprilysin, Ide, Adam9, and Psenen) were found to be highly correlated with each other as well as hippocampal Aβ deposition. Taken together, these results indicate that both ovariectomy and genotype influence AD markers in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Diana Klakotskaia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Edward G Stopa
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Todd R Schachtman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yuksel Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Characterization of the Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1605358. [PMID: 33102574 PMCID: PMC7568802 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1605358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In kidney disease (KD), several factors released into the bloodstream can induce a series of changes in the heart, leading to a wide variety of clinical situations called cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the signaling and progression of systemic inflammatory conditions, as observed in KD. The aim of the present study was to characterize the redox balance in renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac remodeling. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to occlusion of the left renal pedicle, unilateral, for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 8 and 15 days, respectively. The following redox balance components were evaluated: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), NADPH oxidase (NOX), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the tissue bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) such as S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) and nitrite (NO2−). The results indicated a process of renoprotection in both kidneys, indicated by the reduction of cellular damage and some oxidant agents. We also observed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, and an increase in NO bioavailability. In the heart, we noticed an increase in the activity of NOX and NOS, together with increased cell damage on day 8, followed by a reduction in protein damage on day 15. The present study concludes that the kidneys and heart undergo distinct processes of damage and repair at the analyzed times, since the heart is a secondary target of ischemic kidney injury. These results are important for a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in CRS.
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Phoemsapthawee J, Sriton B. Combined exercise training improves blood pressure at rest and during exercise in young obese prehypertensive men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:468-479. [PMID: 32975391 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise is an effective intervention to yield health-related benefits, though an optimal dosage and its ability to improve hemodynamics at rest and during exercise are yet to be established. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of a combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training program on hemodynamic variables at rest and during exercise in young obese prehypertensive men. METHODS Twenty obese prehypertensive men (age: 20±1.2 years) were randomly assigned to either the combined exercise training group (CBT, N.=10), or the control group (CON, N.=10). The CBT underwent a supervised combined exercise training program incorporating four 60-min sessions per week over 12 weeks, whereas the CON remained in habitual activities. We assessed BP, peak oxygen consumption (V̇O<inf>2peak</inf>), body composition, muscular strength, and hemodynamic responses to incremental exercise at baseline and post intervention. RESULTS The study revealed significant improvements in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 4.3% (P<0.05), and rate-pressure product (RPP) of 11.3% (P<0.05) following 12 weeks of training. Significant reductions in SBP and RPP during exercise were also present at every exercise intensity. Moreover, the CBT training improved V̇O<inf>2peak</inf> by 18.2% (P<0.01), upper body muscle strength by 15.1% (P<0.01), and reduced body fat (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The CBT is effective in reducing SBP and myocardial oxygen demand at rest and during exercise. It can also improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and reduce body fat; especially in terms of abdominal obesity. Thus, we suggest the use of the CBT program for the prevention of future hypertension in young obese prehypertensive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Phoemsapthawee
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand -
| | - Bhuwanat Sriton
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Combined Exercise Training Performed by Elderly Women Reduces Redox Indexes and Proinflammatory Cytokines Related to Atherogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6469213. [PMID: 31482005 PMCID: PMC6701434 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6469213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular benefits for the general population of combined aerobic-resistance exercise training are well-known, but the impact of this exercise training modality on the plasma lipid, inflammatory, and antioxidant status in elderly women that are exposed to a great risk of developing ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases has not been well investigated. So, we aimed to evaluate the plasma lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in 27 elderly women (TRAINED group, 69.1 ± 8.1 yrs) that were performing moderate intensity combined aerobic-resistance exercise training (3 times/week for at least 18 months) and in 27 sedentary elderly women (SED group, 72.0 ± 6.4 yrs), not submitted to exercise training for at least 5 yrs. Our results showed that BMI was lower in the TRAINED group than in the SED group (25.1 ± 3.2 vs. 28.7 ± 5.1, p < 0.05). The TRAINED group had lower glycemia (92 ± 3 vs. 118 ± 12, p < 0.05), glycated hemoglobin (5.9 ± 0.1 vs. 6.4 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), and triglycerides (98 (75-122) vs. 139 (109-214), p < 0.01); equal total cholesterol (199 (175-230) vs. 194 (165-220)), LDL-cholesterol (108 (83-133) vs. 109 (98-136)), and non-HDL-cholesterol (54 (30-74) vs. 62 (26-80)); and also higher HDL-cholesterol (64 (52-77) vs. 52 (44-63), p < 0.01) and LDL-C/oxLDL ratio (13378 ± 2570 vs. 11639 ± 3113, p < 0.05) compared to the SED group. Proinflammatory cytokines as IL-1β (11.31 ± 2.4 vs. 28.01 ± 4.7, p < 0.05), IL-6 (26.25 ± 7.4 vs. 49.41 ± 17.8, p < 0.05), and TNF-α (25.72 ± 2.8 vs. 51.73 ± 4.2, p < 0.05) were lower in the TRAINED group than in the SED group. The TRAINED group had lower total peroxides (26.3 ± 7.4 vs. 49.0 ± 17.8, p < 0.05) and oxidized LDL (1551 ± 50.33 vs. 1773 ± 74, p < 0.02) and higher total antioxidant capacity (26.25 ± 7.4 vs. 49.41 ± 17.8, p < 0.001) compared to the SED group. In conclusion, in TRAINED women, BMI was lower, plasma lipid profile was better, plasma oxidative stress was diminished, and there was less expression of proinflammatory interleukins than in SED, suggesting that combined aerobic-resistance exercise training may promote the protection against the complications of ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in elderly women.
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da Silva Dias D, Moraes-Silva IC, Bernardes N, de Oliveira Brito-Monzani J, Stoyell-Conti FF, Machi JF, Llesuy S, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Exercise training initiated at old stage of lifespan attenuates aging-and ovariectomy-induced cardiac and renal oxidative stress: Role of baroreflex. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110635. [PMID: 31195102 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of aging and menopause is a potent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. We studied the impact of aerobic exercise training (ET) initiated in the old stage of lifespan in hemodynamics, metabolic, autonomic and oxidative stress. METHODS Aged (18 months old) female Wistar rats were divided into: ovariectomized and untrained (AG-OVX), and ovariectomized and trained (AG-OVXt, ET for 8 weeks). Intact aged (AG) and young female rats (3 months old; Y) were also studied. Blood pressure and metabolic parameters were measured. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was studied by bradycardic (BR) and tachycardic (TR) responses to vasoactive drugs. Cardiac and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthatione peroxidase (GPx), and gluthatione redox balance (GSH/GSSG) were analyzed. RESULTS AG-OVXt group increased aerobic performance in 35%, decreased adipose tissue and triglycerides in 36% and 27%, respectively, and improved insulin tolerance in 50% in comparison to AG-OVX. AG-OVX presented hypertensive levels of blood pressure (systolic: 155 ± 5, diastolic: 111 ± 3 mmHg). In contrast, AG-OVXt presented blood pressure values similar to Y rats (systolic: 129 ± 3, diastolic: 112 ± 3 mmHg). TR and BR were reduced by 70% and 46%, respectively, in AG-OVX vs. Y. Once more, AG-OVXt presented similar results to Y. ET decreased LPO in the heart and kidney. In the latter, renal CAT and SOD were corrected by ET, while cardiac redox balance was partially recovered. Improved BRS was correlated with improved oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSIONS Even when initiated after aging and ovariectomy deleterious effects, ET is able to normalize BRS and highly improve cardiac and renal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivana C Moraes-Silva
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina de Oliveira Brito-Monzani
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fernandes Stoyell-Conti
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA
| | - Jacqueline Freire Machi
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria-Claudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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