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Abi Akar E, Weill L, El Khoury M, Caradeuc C, Bertho G, Boutary S, Bezier C, Clerc Z, Sapaly D, Bendris S, Cheguillaume F, Giraud N, Eid AA, Charbonnier F, Biondi O. The analysis of the skeletal muscle metabolism is crucial for designing optimal exercise paradigms in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Med 2024; 30:80. [PMID: 38858657 PMCID: PMC11165837 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that commonly results from a high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, leading to insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis perturbation. Physical activity is recommended as one first-line treatment in T2DM, but it leads to contrasted results. We hypothesized that, instead of applying standard exercise protocols, the prescription of personalized exercise programs specifically designed to reverse the potential metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle could result in better results. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we drew the metabolic signature of the fast-twitch quadriceps muscle, based on a combined unbiased NMR spectroscopy and RT-qPCR study, in several T2DM mouse models of different genetic background (129S1/SvImJ, C57Bl/6J), sex and aetiology (high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD/Streptozotocin (STZ) induction or transgenic MKR (FVB-Tg Ckm-IGF1R*K1003R)1Dlr/J) mice. Three selected mouse models with unique muscular metabolic signatures were submitted to three different swimming-based programs, designed to address each metabolic specificity. RESULTS We found that depending on the genetic background, the sex, and the mode of T2DM induction, specific muscular adaptations occurred, including depressed glycolysis associated with elevated PDK4 expression, shift to β-oxidation, or deregulation of amino-acid homeostasis. Interestingly, dedicated swimming-based exercises designed to restore specific metabolic alterations in muscle were found optimal in improving systemic T2DM hallmarks, including a significant reduction in insulin resistance, the improvement of glucose homeostasis, and a delay in sensorimotor function alterations. CONCLUSION The muscle metabolism constitutes an important clue for the design of precision exercises with potential clinical implications for T2DM patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Mice
- Male
- Female
- Disease Models, Animal
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Insulin Resistance
- Metabolome
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Transgenic
- Metabolomics/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abi Akar
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Laure Weill
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Cédric Caradeuc
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & UMR8601 CNRS, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Gildas Bertho
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & UMR8601 CNRS, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Inserm U1195, Bâtiment Gregory Pincus, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Cynthia Bezier
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Zoé Clerc
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Delphine Sapaly
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Sabrina Bendris
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Flore Cheguillaume
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & UMR8601 CNRS, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | - Olivier Biondi
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice Pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), UMR, Université d'Evry, IRBA, Université de Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
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2
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Camacho-Cardenosa A, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Alcantara JMA, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Sex-specific dose-response effects of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults: The ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14507. [PMID: 37787096 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent training has been postulated as an appropriate time-efficient strategy to improve physical fitness, yet whether the exercise-induced adaptations are similar in men and women is unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate sex-specific dose-response effects of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise training program on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults. One hundred and forty-four sedentary adults aged 18-25 years were assigned to either (i) a control group (n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 46), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG-EX, n = 44) by unrestricted randomization. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max ), hand grip strength, and one-repetition maximum of leg press and bench press were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. A total of 102 participants finished the intervention (Control, n = 36; 52% women, MOD-EX, n = 37; 70% women, and VIG-EX, n = 36; 72% women). In men, VO2max significantly increased in the MOD-EX (~8%) compared with the control group and in the VIG-EX group after the intervention (~6.5%). In women, VO2max increased in the MOD-EX and VIG-EX groups (~5.5%) compared with the control group after the intervention. There was a significant increment of leg press in the MOD-EX (~15.5%) and VIG-EX (~18%) groups compared with the control group (~1%) in women. A 24-week supervised concurrent exercise was effective at improving cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body limbs muscular strength in young women-independently of the predetermined intensity-while only at moderate intensity improved cardiorespiratory fitness in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Camacho-Cardenosa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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3
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Collins KA, Kraus WE, Rogers RJ, Hauser ER, Lang W, Jiang R, Schelbert EB, Huffman KM, Jakicic JM. Effect of behavioral weight-loss program on biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk: Heart Health Study randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:338-349. [PMID: 36621902 PMCID: PMC9877129 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic health improve in response to a 12-month behavioral weight-loss intervention and to compare benefits of diet alone with diet plus physical activity for these biomarkers. METHODS Participants (N = 374) were randomized to either diet alone (DIET), diet plus 150 min/wk of prescribed moderate-intensity physical activity (DIET + PA150), or diet plus 250 min/wk of prescribed moderate-intensity physical activity (DIET + PA250). Biomarker concentrations were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mixed models assessed for a time effect, group effect, or group by time interaction. RESULTS All groups significantly improved body weight (time: p < 0.0001), Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index score (time: p < 0.0001), Diabetes Risk Index score (time: p < 0.0001), branched-chain amino acid concentration (time: p < 0.0001), and GlycA concentration (time: p < 0.0001), with no group effect or group by time interactions. CONCLUSIONS All intervention groups prompted a notable beneficial change among biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health. However, the addition of at least moderate-intensity physical activity to a diet-only intervention did not provide any additional benefit. These findings highlight that an average weight loss of approximately 10% profoundly impacts biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease in adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Wei Lang
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik B. Schelbert
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Minneapolis Heart Institute East, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John M. Jakicic
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Collins KA, Ross LM, Slentz CA, Huffman KM, Kraus WE. Differential Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis: A Narrative Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:90. [PMID: 35834023 PMCID: PMC9283590 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, identifying the most appropriate preventive treatment early in the development of disease is an important public health matter. In general, lifestyle interventions incorporating exercise and weight loss via caloric restriction improve cardiometabolic risk by impacting several key markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. However, variations in the effects of specific types of exercise interventions on these markers have led to conflicting results surrounding the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise for optimal effects. Moreover, the addition of weight loss via caloric restriction to exercise interventions appears to differentially impact changes in body composition, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity compared to exercise alone. Determining the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise having the most beneficial impact on glycemic status is both: (1) clinically important to provide guidelines for appropriate exercise prescription; and (2) physiologically important to understand the pathways by which exercise—with and without weight loss—impacts glycemic status to enhance precision lifestyle medicine. Thus, the purposes of this narrative review are to: (1) summarize findings from the three Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials regarding the differential effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on insulin action and glucose homeostasis markers; and (2) compare the STRRIDE findings to other published dose–response exercise trials in order to piece together the various physiologic pathways by which specific exercise interventions—with or without weight loss—impact glycemic status.
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5
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Effects of a yoga-based stress reduction intervention on stress, psychological outcomes and cardiometabolic biomarkers in cancer caregivers: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277009. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregiving stress is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, integrating cardiometabolic biomarkers into caregiving research provides a more comprehensive assessment of an individual’s health and response to an intervention. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a yoga-based stress reduction intervention on stress, psychological outcomes, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in cancer caregivers. This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled family caregivers of adult patients who underwent an allogeneic HSCT at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. All subjects received usual care education. Participants in the intervention group received an Iyengar yoga intervention self-administered over six weeks using an audio recording file. The primary outcome was perceived stress (measured using the NIH toolbox Perceived Stress). The secondary outcomes were psychological factors (depression and anxiety measured using PROMIS® Depression and Anxiety), and cardiometabolic biomarkers measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A total of 50 family caregivers (mean [SD] age, 44.9 [15.2] years; 42 [84.0%] women) were randomized, 25 to the intervention group and 25 to the control group. No group differences were noted in stress, depression, and anxiety. Significant interaction effects between group and time were found in large TRL-P (F(1,43) = 10.16, p = 0.003) and LP-IR (F(1,42) = 4.28, p = 0.045). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the levels of large TRL-P (mean difference = 1.68, CI = [0.86, 2.51], p< .001) and LP-IR (mean difference = 5.67, CI = [1.15, 10.18], p = 0.015) significantly increased over time in the control group but while remained stable in the intervention group (mean difference = -0.15, CI = [-0.96, 0.66], p = 0.718; mean difference = -0.81, CI = [-5.22, 3.61], p = 0.714, respectively). Even when perceptions of psychological distress remain unchanged, incorporating gentle yoga poses and breathing exercises may reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease in caregivers by inhibiting the development of insulin resistance. Standard lipids of cardiometabolic risk do not appear to be robust enough to detect short-term early changes of cardiometabolic risk in caregivers.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02257853.
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Nadolsky K, Baraki A, Nadolsky S. “Incorporating a Gym Facility in a Lifestyle Medicine Practice for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus”. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221089898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating a gym or fitness facility into a lifestyle-focused clinic is potentially one of the most critical facets of the patient-focused care, especially for those with obesity, cardiometabolic disease, and all types of diabetes mellitus. The evidence for prioritizing physical activity and exercise as medicine is well-researched and universally recommended as first-line therapy plus prevention of many chronic disease states. Having a fitness center on-site as part of any clinic could improve patient utilization, reduce barrier to entry, and decrease hesitation to engage in exercise like resistance training. While the conceptualization may seem simple, the pragmatic application and implementation takes proper planning. Developing such a gym will depend upon gym size preference, program development, cost, and available personnel. Thought needs to be put into deciding which type of exercise and ancillary equipment, ranging from aerobic or resistance machines to free weights, will be included and in what format. Fee and payment options should be carefully considered to assure the budget works financially for both the clinic and patient population. Finally, graphic examples of clinical gyms are described to convey the potential reality of such an optimal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Nadolsky
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Austin Baraki
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Nadolsky
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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He Y, Feng Y, Shi J, Tang H, Chen L, Lou Q. β-cell function and body mass index are predictors of exercise response in elderly patients with pre-diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1253-1261. [PMID: 35191202 PMCID: PMC9248431 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction To explore the predicting factors of exercise response (whether the participants converted to diabetes) in elderly patients with prediabetes. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective subgroup analysis of the registered clinical trial with previous publication of the same cohort. A total of 248 participants with prediabetes were randomized to the aerobic training (n = 83) group, resistance training (n = 82) group and control group (n = 83). The patients who finished the 2‐year exercise intervention were included in this analysis to explore the factors impacting exercise response. Results A total of 113 patients with prediabetes completed 2 years of exercise, with 56 participants in the aerobic exercise group and 57 in the resistance exercise group. Patients who reversed to normal glucose tolerance, remained in prediabetes and developed diabetes were 18 (15.90%), 70 (62.00%) and 25 (22.10%), respectively. Logistic regression showed that baseline, homeostatic model 2 assessment of β‐cell function (β = −0.143, P = 0.039), hemoglobin A1c (β = 3.301, P = 0.007) and body mass index (β = 0.402, P = 0.012) were related to exercise response, whereas the waist‐to‐hip ratio (β = −3.277, P = 0.693) and types of exercise (β = 1.192, P = 0.093) were not significantly related to exercise response. Conclusions Baseline homeostatic model 2 assessment of β‐cell function, hemoglobin A1c and body mass index were the predictors for the response to exercise in elderly patients with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali He
- Taiyuan Diabetes Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Feng
- Taiyuan Diabetes Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Taiyuan Diabetes Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Chengdu Ruien Diabetes Hospital, Chendu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Linhui Chen
- Taiyuan Diabetes Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Lou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China.,Beijing Ruijing Diabetes Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
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Alvarez C, Ciolac EG, Guimarães GV, Andrade DC, Vasquez-Muñoz M, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Delgado-Floody P, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M. Residual Impact of Concurrent, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Training on Fasting Measures of Glucose Metabolism in Women With Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:760206. [PMID: 34858210 PMCID: PMC8632353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.760206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess the residual effects (post 72-h training cessation) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) after 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), or concurrent training (CT) in women with insulin resistance (IR). We also aimed to determine the training-induced, post-training residual impact of CT. A total of adult 45 women (age 38.5±9.2years) were included in the final analysis and were assigned to a control (CG; n=13, BMI 28.3±3.6kg/m2), HIIT [n=14, BMI 28.6±3.6kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80-100% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax)], RT [n=8, BMI 29.4±5.5kg/m2, two sessions/wk., 8-10 points of the modified Borg, corresponding to 20 to 50% range of one maximum repetition test (1RM)], or CT group (n=10, BMI 29.1±3.0kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80-100% of HRmax, and 8-10 Borg, or 20 to 50% range of 1RM, to each HIIT and RT compounds), with the latter including both HIIT and RT regimens. Training interventions lasted 12-weeks. The main outcomes were FPG and FI measured at pre- and 24-h and 72-h post-training (FPG24h, FI24h, and FPG72h, FI72h, respectively). Secondary endpoints were body composition/anthropometry and the adiposity markers waist circumference (WC) and tricípital skinfold (TSF). The residual effects 72-h post-training [delta (∆)] were significantly poorer (all p<0.01) in the CT group (∆FPG72h+6.6mg/dl, η 2: 0.76) than in the HIIT (∆FPG72h+1.2mg/dl, η 2: 0.07) and RT (∆FPG72h+1.0mg/dl, η 2: 0.05) groups. These findings reveal that HIIT reduces FPG and RT reduces FI 24-h post-training; both exercise interventions alone have remarkably better residual effects on FPG and FI (post-72h) than CT in women with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Health, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - David C Andrade
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (FiMedAlt), Biomedical Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de O’higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Human Performance Laboratory, Motion Health and Performance Center, Lo Barnechea, Chile
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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The Physiological Role of Irisin in the Regulation of Muscle Glucose Homeostasis. ENDOCRINES 2021; 2:266-283. [PMID: 35392577 PMCID: PMC8986094 DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine that primarily targets adipose tissue, where it increases energy expenditure and contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise through the browning of white adipose tissue. As our knowledge has deepened in recent years, muscle has been found to be a major target organ for irisin as well. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of irisin in muscle to improve glucose metabolism through mechanisms such as reducing insulin resistance. Although they are very intriguing reports, some contradictory results make it difficult to grasp the whole picture of the action of irisin on muscle. In this review, we attempted to organize the current knowledge of the role of irisin in muscle glucose metabolism. We discussed the direct effects of irisin on glucose metabolism in three types of muscle, that is, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and the myocardium. We also describe irisin’s effects on mitochondria and its interactions with other hormones. Furthermore, to consider the relationship between the irisin-induced improvement of glucose metabolism in muscle and systemic disorders of glucose metabolism, we reviewed the results from animal interventional studies and human clinical studies.
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Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in Slovakia: Results from the European Health Interview Survey 2009, 2014, and 2019. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072156. [PMID: 34201793 PMCID: PMC8308286 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a high-risk non-communicable disease with an emerging burden for the European Union (EU) member states in the past decades. The unfavorable trend of the burden is striking compared to the declining disease burden due to cardiovascular diseases or stagnation of neoplasms. The goal of this study is to describe the temporal changes of diabetes in the adult population of Slovakia through the three European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) waves and to assess the association between DM and socioeconomic and/or lifestyle characteristics. These cross-sectional studies were carried out using microdata derived from Slovakia’s EHISs conducted in the years 2009 (n = 4972), 2014 (n = 5490), and 2019 (n = 5527). The DM variable was compared to the independent variables such as sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics including dietary patterns and physical activity. DM prevalence for the EHIS in 2009, 2014, and 2019 were 6.1%, 8.2%, and 9.8%, respectively. In bivariate analysis, the relationship between DM and age, education level, job status, BMI, walking for at least 10 min, and physical activity was significant in the three EHISs. In 2014 and 2019, there was an inverse association between the risk of DM and walking regularly. There was no association between the frequency of eating fruits or vegetables and DM, with the exception of 2009, where a negative association between eating vegetables one to six times a week and DM was observed. Present health policies and activities in Slovakia were unable to reverse the increasing DM burden, indicating that a more systematic approach is needed. Complex policy strategies and legislative measures must be developed and implemented at both the national and EU levels.
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