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Shen L, Dettmer U. Alpha-Synuclein Effects on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1649. [PMID: 39766356 PMCID: PMC11674454 DOI: 10.3390/biom14121649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of healthy mitochondria is essential for neuronal survival and relies upon mitochondrial quality control pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial dysfunction is critically implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), a brain disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Consequently, impaired mitochondrial quality control may play a key role in PD pathology. This is affirmed by work indicating that genes such as PRKN and PINK1, which participate in multiple mitochondrial processes, harbor PD-associated mutations. Furthermore, mitochondrial complex-I-inhibiting toxins like MPTP and rotenone are known to cause Parkinson-like symptoms. At the heart of PD is alpha-synuclein (αS), a small synaptic protein that misfolds and aggregates to form the disease's hallmark Lewy bodies. The specific mechanisms through which aggregated αS exerts its neurotoxicity are still unknown; however, given the vital role of both αS and mitochondria to PD, an understanding of how αS influences mitochondrial maintenance may be essential to elucidating PD pathogenesis and discovering future therapeutic targets. Here, the current knowledge of the relationship between αS and mitochondrial quality control pathways in PD is reviewed, highlighting recent findings regarding αS effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Shen
- College of Arts & Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Chi J, Chen Y, Li C, Liu S, Che K, Kong Z, Guo Z, Chu Y, Huang Y, Yang L, Sun C, Wang Y, Lv W, Zhang Q, Guo H, Zhao H, Yang Z, Xu L, Wang P, Dong B, Hu J, Liu S, Wang F, Zhao Y, Qi M, Xin Y, Nan H, Zhao X, Zhang W, Xiao M, Si K, Wang Y, Cao Y. NUMB dysfunction defines a novel mechanism underlying hyperuricemia and gout. Cell Discov 2024; 10:106. [PMID: 39433541 PMCID: PMC11494200 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective renal excretion and increased production of uric acid engender hyperuricemia that predisposes to gout. However, molecular mechanisms underlying defective uric acid excretion remain largely unknown. Here, we report a rare genetic variant of gout-unprecedented NUMB gene within a hereditary human gout family, which was identified by an unbiased genome-wide sequencing approach. This dysfunctional missense variant within the conserved region of the NUMB gene (NUMBR630H) underwent intracellular redistribution and degradation through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, we identified the uric acid transporter, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2), as a novel NUMB-binding protein through its intracellular YxNxxF motif. In polarized renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), NUMB promoted ABCG2 trafficking towards the apical plasma membrane. Genetic loss-of-function of NUMB resulted in redistribution of ABCG2 in the basolateral domain and ultimately defective excretion of uric acid. To recapitulate the clinical situation in human gout patients, we generated a NUMBR630H knock-in mouse strain, which showed marked increases of serum urate and decreased uric acid excretion. The NUMBR630H knock-in mice exhibited clinically relevant hyperuricemia. In summary, we have uncovered a novel NUMB-mediated mechanism of uric acid excretion and a functional missense variant of NUMB in humans, which causes hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Chi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kui Che
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zili Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ziheng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanchen Chu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Cunwei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengmeng Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqi Nan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Si
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rueter J, Rimbach G, Bilke S, Tholey A, Huebbe P. Readdressing the Localization of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) in Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membranes (MAMs): An Investigation of the Hepatic Protein-Protein Interactions of APOE with the Mitochondrial Proteins Lon Protease (LONP1), Mitochondrial Import Receptor Subunit TOM40 (TOMM40) and Voltage-Dependent Anion-Selective Channel 1 (VDAC1). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10597. [PMID: 39408926 PMCID: PMC11476584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As a component of circulating lipoproteins, APOE binds to cell surface receptors mediating lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol transport. A growing body of evidence, including the identification of a broad variety of cellular proteins interacting with APOE, suggests additional independent functions. Investigating cellular localization and protein-protein interactions in cultured human hepatocytes, we aimed to contribute to the elucidation of hitherto unnoted cellular functions of APOE. We observed a strong accumulation of APOE in MAMs, equally evident for the two major isoforms APOE3 and APOE4. Using mass spectrometry proteome analyses, novel and previously noted APOE interactors were identified, including the mitochondrial proteins TOMM40, LONP1 and VDAC1. All three interactors were present in MAM fractions, which we think initially facilitates interactions with APOE. LONP1 is a protease with chaperone activity, which migrated to MAMs in response to ER stress, displaying a reinforced interaction with APOE. We therefore hypothesize that APOE may help in the unfolded protein response (UPR) by acting as a co-chaperone in cooperation with LONP1 at the interface of mitochondria and ER membranes. The interaction of APOE with the integral proteins TOMM40 and VDAC1 may point to the formation of bridging complexes connecting mitochondria with other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rueter
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Stephanie Bilke
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.R.); (G.R.)
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Borgert L, Becker T, den Brave F. Conserved quality control mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:903-916. [PMID: 38790152 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria carry out essential functions for the cell, including energy production, various biosynthesis pathways, formation of co-factors and cellular signalling in apoptosis and inflammation. The functionality of mitochondria requires the import of about 900-1300 proteins from the cytosol in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cells, respectively. The vast majority of these proteins pass the outer membrane in a largely unfolded state through the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex. Subsequently, specific protein translocases sort the precursor proteins into the outer and inner membranes, the intermembrane space and matrix. Premature folding of mitochondrial precursor proteins, defects in the mitochondrial protein translocases or a reduction of the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane can cause stalling of precursors at the protein import apparatus. Consequently, the translocon is clogged and non-imported precursor proteins accumulate in the cell, which in turn leads to proteotoxic stress and eventually cell death. To prevent such stress situations, quality control mechanisms remove non-imported precursor proteins from the TOM channel. The highly conserved ubiquitin-proteasome system of the cytosol plays a critical role in this process. Thus, the surveillance of protein import via the TOM complex involves the coordinated activity of mitochondria-localized and cytosolic proteins to prevent proteotoxic stress in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lion Borgert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian den Brave
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Das D, Mattaparthi VSK. Computational investigation on the conformational dynamics of C-terminal truncated α-synuclein bound to membrane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38321955 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Accelerated progression rates in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked to C-terminal domain (CTD) truncations of monomeric α-Synuclein (α-Syn), which have been suggested to increase amyloid aggregation in vivo and in vitro. In the brain of PD patients, CTD truncated α-Syn was found to have lower cell viability and tends to increase in the formation of fibrils. The CTD of α-Syn acts as a guard for regulating the normal functioning of α-Syn. The absence of the CTD may allow the N-terminal of α-Syn to interact with the membrane thereby affecting the normal functioning of α-Syn, and all of which will affect the etiology of PD. In this study, the conformational dynamics of CTD truncated α-Syn (1-99 and 1-108) monomers and their effect on the protein-membrane interactions were demonstrated using the all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. From the MD analyses, it was noticed that among the two truncated monomers, α-Syn (1-108) was found to be more stable, shows rigidness at the N-terminal region and contains a significant number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the non-amyloid β-component (NAC) region and membrane, and lesser number of extended strands. Further, the bending angle in the N-terminal domain was found to be lesser in the α-Syn (1-108) in comparison with the α-Syn (1-99). Our findings suggest that the truncation on the CTD of α-Syn affects its interaction with the membrane and subsequently has an impact on the aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Das
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
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