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Ravaglioli C, De Marchi L, Anselmi S, Dattolo E, Fontanini D, Pretti C, Procaccini G, Rilov G, Renzi M, Silverman J, Bulleri F. Ocean acidification impairs seagrass performance under thermal stress in shallow and deep water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117629. [PMID: 37967703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on seagrasses have been widely investigated, predictions of seagrass performance under future climates need to consider multiple environmental factors. Here, we performed a mesocosm study to assess the effects of OA on shallow and deep Posidonia oceanica plants. The experiment was run in 2021 and repeated in 2022, a year characterized by a prolonged warm water event, to test how the effects of OA on plants are modulated by thermal stress. The response of P. oceanica to experimental conditions was investigated at different levels of biological organization. Under average seawater temperature, there were no effects of OA in both shallow and deep plants, indicating that P. oceanica is not limited by current inorganic carbon concentration, regardless of light availability. In contrast, under thermal stress, exposure of plants to OA increased lipid peroxidation and decreased photosynthetic performance, with deep plants displaying higher levels of heat stress, as indicated by the over-expression of stress-related genes and the activation of antioxidant systems. In addition, warming reduced plant growth, regardless of seawater CO2 and light levels, suggesting that thermal stress may play a fundamental role in the future development of seagrass meadows. Our results suggest that OA may exacerbate the negative effects of future warming on seagrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ravaglioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Serena Anselmi
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello, GR, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Debora Fontanini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Viale N.Sauro 4, 57128, Livorno, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jacob Silverman
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per Lo Studio Degli Effetti Del Cambiamento Climatico (CIRSEC), Università di Pisa, Italy.
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Kumari S, Nazir F, Maheshwari C, Kaur H, Gupta R, Siddique KHM, Khan MIR. Plant hormones and secondary metabolites under environmental stresses: Enlightening defense molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108238. [PMID: 38064902 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The climatic changes have great threats to sustainable agriculture and require efforts to ensure global food and nutritional security. In this regard, the plant strategic responses, including the induction of plant hormones/plant growth regulators (PGRs), play a substantial role in boosting plant immunity against environmental stress-induced adversities. In addition, secondary metabolites (SMs) have emerged as potential 'stress alleviators' that help plants to adapt against environmental stressors imposing detrimental impacts on plant health and survival. The introduction of SMs in plant biology has shed light on their beneficial effects in mitigating environmental crises. This review explores SMs-mediated plant defense responses and highlights the crosstalk between PGRs and SMs under diverse environmental stressors. In addition, genetic engineering approaches are discussed as a potential revenue to enhance plant hormone-mediated SM production in response to environmental cues. Thus, the present review aims to emphasize the significance of SMs implications with PGRs association and genetic approachability, which could aid in shaping the future strategies that favor agro-ecosystem compatibility under unpredictable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Biochemistry Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
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Ortiz A, Sansinenea E. Phenylpropanoid Derivatives and Their Role in Plants' Health and as antimicrobials. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:380. [PMID: 37864088 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids belong to a wide group of compounds commonly secreted by plants and involved in different roles related with plant growth and development and the defense against plant pathogens. Some key intermediates from shikimate pathway are used to synthesize these compounds. In this way, by the phenylpropanoid pathway several building blocks are achieved to obtain flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, monolignols, phenylpropenes, phenolic acids, stilbenes and stilbenoids, and lignin, suberin and sporopollenin for plant-microbe interactions, structural support and mechanical strength, organ pigmentation, UV protection and acting against pathogens. Some reviews have revised phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and regulation of the biosynthetic pathways. In this review, the most important chemical structures about phenylpropanoid derivatives are summarized grouping them in different sections according to their structure. We have put special attention on their different roles in plants especially in plant health, growth and development and plant-environment interactions. Their interaction with microorganisms is discussed including their role as antimicrobials. We summarize all new findings about new developed structures and their involvement in plants health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
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Cui M, Liang Z, Liu Y, Sun Q, Wu D, Luo L, Hao Y. Flavonoid profile of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Under short-term heat stress revealed by integrated metabolome, transcriptome, and biochemical analyses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107896. [PMID: 37473674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Global warming severely threatens plant growth, and could lead to yield reduction. Although findings suggest that flavonoids play important roles in biological process in plants, their response to heat stress in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. remains unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the flavonoid profile of A. roxburghii under heat stress and assess the effect of exogenous application of quercetin on heat stress tolerance. Metabolome analysis showed that quercetin, tricetin, isorhamnetin, scutellarein, and 4',7-Isoflavandiol were the main upregulated flavonoids in A. roxburghii, based on variable importance in the projection >1 and with fold change >2. Determination of the concentrations of the flavonoids using a standard curve revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin contents increased by 8.24-, 7.55-, and 5.01-fold, respectively, during heat stress, whereas rutin concentration decreased from 83.04 to 80.89 mg/kg (dry weight). Additionally, transcriptome analysis indicated increased expression of several genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase. Moreover, exogenous application of quercetin improved the antioxidant capacity and physiological parameters, including photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, of A. roxburghii under heat stress. Overall, the flavonoid profile of A. roxburghii under short-term heat stress was characterized based on integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical analyses, providing new insights for improving the biological value of A. roxburghii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhiyan Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qifang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Liping Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Yingbin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Fernández-Crespo E, Liu-Xu L, Albert-Sidro C, Scalschi L, Llorens E, González-Hernández AI, Crespo O, Gonzalez-Bosch C, Camañes G, García-Agustín P, Vicedo B. Exploiting Tomato Genotypes to Understand Heat Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3170. [PMID: 36432899 PMCID: PMC9696584 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased temperatures caused by climate change constitute a significant threat to agriculture and food security. The selection of improved crop varieties with greater tolerance to heat stress is crucial for the future of agriculture. To overcome this challenge, four traditional tomato varieties from the Mediterranean basin and two commercial genotypes were selected to characterize their responses at high temperatures. The screening of phenotypes under heat shock conditions allowed to classify the tomato genotypes as: heat-sensitive: TH-30, ADX2; intermediate: ISR-10 and Ailsa Craig; heat-tolerant: MM and MO-10. These results reveal the intra-genetical variation of heat stress responses, which can be exploited as promising sources of tolerance to climate change conditions. Two different thermotolerance strategies were observed. The MO-10 plants tolerance was based on the control of the leaf cooling mechanism and the rapid RBOHB activation and ABA signaling pathways. The variety MM displayed a different strategy based on the activation of HSP70 and 90, as well as accumulation of phenolic compounds correlated with early induction of PAL expression. The importance of secondary metabolism in the recovery phase has been also revealed. Understanding the molecular events allowing plants to overcome heat stress constitutes a promising approach for selecting climate resilient tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Luisa Liu-Xu
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Carlos Albert-Sidro
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel González-Hernández
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Oscar Crespo
- Departament de Bioquímica, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Gonzalez-Bosch
- Departament de Bioquímica, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Begonya Vicedo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Poggioni L, Romi M, Guarnieri M, Cai G, Cantini C. Nutraceutical profile of goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries in relation to environmental conditions and harvesting period. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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A comparative HS-SPME/GC-MS-based metabolomics approach for discriminating selected japonica rice varieties from different regions of China in raw and cooked form. Food Chem 2022; 385:132701. [PMID: 35320761 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Japonica rice is widely planted in different regions of China. Rice of different geographical origins may have substantially different economic values. In this study, An untargeted metabolomics based approach using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) was applied to distinguish 27 japonica rice varieties originated from South, Northern and Northeastern China in raw and cooked form, respectively. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models exhibited good geographic discrimination. Sixteen and twenty-two volatiles were selected as the discriminant markers in raw and cooked rice, respectively. However, only hexanal, 3,5-octadien-2-one and 2-butyl-2-octenal were selected both in raw and cooked rice. Markers in raw rice mainly involved in terpenes, lipoxygenases, indole, and shikimate and benzoic acid pathways. Markers in cooked rice were mainly derived from lipid oxidation. The results provided a deeper understanding of volatiles variation of rice in China from different geographic origins.
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Plant Nutrition for Human Health: A Pictorial Review on Plant Bioactive Compounds for Sustainable Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Is there any relationship between plant nutrition and human health? The overall response to this question is very positive, and a strong relationship between the nutrition of plants and humans has been reported in the literature. The nutritional status of edible plants consumed by humans can have a negative or positive impact on human health. This review was designed to assess the importance of plant bioactive compounds for human health under the umbrella of sustainable agriculture. With respect to the first research question, it was found that plant bioactives (e.g., alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids) have a crucial role in human health due to their therapeutic benefits, and their potentiality depends on several factors, including botanical, environmental, and clinical attributes. Plant bioactives could be produced using plant tissue culture tools (as a kind of agro-biotechnological method), especially in cases of underexploited or endangered plants. Bioactive production of plants depends on many factors, especially climate change (heat stress, drought, UV radiation, ozone, and elevated CO2), environmental pollution, and problematic soils (degraded, saline/alkaline, waterlogged, etc.). Under the previously mentioned stresses, in reviewing the literature, a positive or negative association was found depending on the kinds of stress or bioactives and their attributes. The observed correlation between plant bioactives and stress (or growth factors) might explain the importance of these bioactives for human health. Their accumulation in stressed plants can increase their tolerance to stress and their therapeutic roles. The results of this study are in keeping with previous observational studies, which confirmed that the human nutrition might start from edible plants and their bioactive contents, which are consumed by humans. This review is the first report that analyzes this previously observed relationship using pictorial presentation.
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Brahmi F, Lounis N, Mebarakou S, Guendouze N, Yalaoui-Guellal D, Madani K, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Duez P. Impact of Growth Sites on the Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Three Algerian Mentha Species (M. pulegium L., M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds., and M. spicata L.). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886337. [PMID: 35784700 PMCID: PMC9247617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research studies about the effect of environmental agents on the accumulation of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants are required to establish a set of optimal growth conditions. Hence, in this work, we considered the impact of habitat types, soil composition, climatic factors, and altitude on the content of phenolics in Mentha species [M. pulegium L. (MP), M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds. (MR), and M. spicata L. (MS)] grown in different regions of Algeria. The phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were analyzed using spectrophotometric and HPTLC methods. The harvesting localities differ by their altitudes and climates, but their soils are quite similar, characterized by slight alkalinity, moderate humidity, no-salinity, and high levels in organic matter. Both the contents in total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), and rosmarinic acid (RAC), and the antioxidant activities of Mentha samples collected from these Algerian localities are affected by the geographical regions of origin. The samples of MS and MP from the Khemis–Miliana region showed the highest concentration in TPC (MS, 7853 ± 265 mg GAE/100 g DW; MP, 5250 ± 191 mg GAE/100 g DW), while in Chemini, the MR samples were the richest in these compounds (MR, 3568 ± 195 mg GAE/100 g DW). Otherwise, the MP (from Tichy), MR (from Tajboudjth), and MS (from Khemis–Miliana) specimens exhibited the highest levels of TFC and RAC. The antioxidant levels in a total activity test (reduction of phosphomolybdate) appear correlated with the total phenolic contents, but this was not the case for most of the important ROS-scavenging and iron-chelating capacities for which the quality of polyphenols is probably more important than their amounts. A principal component analysis (PCA) score plot indicates that all of the Mentha samples can be divided into four groups. These discriminated groups appear comparatively similar in phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. As for the harvest localities, the Mentha samples were divided into four groups in which the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were comparatively equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Brahmi
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- *Correspondence: Fatiha Brahmi,
| | - Nassima Lounis
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Siham Mebarakou
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Naima Guendouze
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Drifa Yalaoui-Guellal
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural, Life and Earth Sciences, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University of Bouira, Bouira, Algeria
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- Agri-Food Technologies Research Center, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf
- Laboratory of Biomathematics Biophysics Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
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Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010313. [PMID: 35011546 PMCID: PMC8746929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are vital for human health and constitute the skeletal framework of many pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, more than 25% of the existing drugs belong to PSMs. One of the continuing challenges for drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries is gaining access to natural products, including medicinal plants. This bottleneck is heightened for endangered species prohibited for large sample collection, even if they show biological hits. While cultivating the pharmaceutically interesting plant species may be a solution, it is not always possible to grow the organism outside its natural habitat. Plants affected by abiotic stress present a potential alternative source for drug discovery. In order to overcome abiotic environmental stressors, plants may mount a defense response by producing a diversity of PSMs to avoid cells and tissue damage. Plants either synthesize new chemicals or increase the concentration (in most instances) of existing chemicals, including the prominent bioactive lead compounds morphine, camptothecin, catharanthine, epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, resveratrol, and kaempferol. Most PSMs produced under various abiotic stress conditions are plant defense chemicals and are functionally anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. The major PSM groups are terpenoids, followed by alkaloids and phenolic compounds. We have searched the literature on plants affected by abiotic stress (primarily studied in the simulated growth conditions) and their PSMs (including pharmacological activities) from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, Databases, and journal websites. We used search keywords: "stress-affected plants," "plant secondary metabolites, "abiotic stress," "climatic influence," "pharmacological activities," "bioactive compounds," "drug discovery," and "medicinal plants" and retrieved published literature between 1973 to 2021. This review provides an overview of variation in bioactive phytochemical production in plants under various abiotic stress and their potential in the biodiscovery of therapeutic drugs. We excluded studies on the effects of biotic stress on PSMs.
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Guo G, Pan K, Fang S, Ye L, Tong X, Wang Z, Xue X, Zhang H. Advances in mRNA 5-methylcytosine modifications: Detection, effectors, biological functions, and clinical relevance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:575-593. [PMID: 34631286 PMCID: PMC8479277 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) post-transcriptional modifications affect the maturation, stability, and translation of the mRNA molecule. These modifications play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, including stress response, tumorigenesis, tumor cell migration, embryogenesis, and viral replication. Recently, there has been a better understanding of the biological implications of m5C modification owing to the rapid development and optimization of detection technologies, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA-BisSeq. Further, predictive models (such as PEA-m5C, m5C-PseDNC, and DeepMRMP) for the identification of potential m5C modification sites have also emerged. In this review, we summarize the current experimental detection methods and predictive models for mRNA m5C modifications, focusing on their advantages and limitations. We systematically surveyed the latest research on the effectors related to mRNA m5C modifications and their biological functions in multiple species. Finally, we discuss the physiological effects and pathological significance of m5C modifications in multiple diseases, as well as their therapeutic potential, thereby providing new perspectives for disease treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Guo
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kan Pan
- First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Fang
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lele Ye
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinya Tong
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ai Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Sun W, Liu Y. Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis to Reveal Transformation Mechanism of Cistanche Deserticola Active Compounds During Steaming and Drying Processes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:742511. [PMID: 34722610 PMCID: PMC8551385 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.742511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola is one of the most precious plants, traditionally as Chinese medicine, and has recently been used in pharmaceutical and healthy food industries. Steaming and drying are two important steps in the processing of Cistanche deserticola. Unfortunately, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition changes of Cistanche deserticola during thermal processing is limited. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis was used to investigate the transformation mechanism of Cistanche deserticola active compounds during steaming and drying processes. A total of 776 metabolites were identified in Cistanche deserticola during thermal processing, among which, 77 metabolites were differentially regulated (p < 0.05) wherein 39 were upregulated (UR) and 38 were downregulated (DR). Forty-seven (17 UR, 30 DR) and 30 (22 UR, 8 DR) differential metabolites were identified during steaming and drying, respectively. The most variation of the chemicals was observed during the process of steaming. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that phenylpropanoid, flavonoid biosynthesis, and alanine metabolism were observed during steaming, while glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, thiamine metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were observed during drying. The possible mechanisms of the chemical alterations during thermal processing were also provided by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Furthermore, the blackening of the appearance of Cistanche deserticola mainly occurred in the steaming stage rather than the drying stage, which is associated with the metabolism of the amino acids. All results indicated that the formation of active compounds during the processing of Cistanche deserticola mainly occurred in the steaming stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Ai
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Sun
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Mitrović AL, Radosavljević JS, Prokopijević M, Spasojević D, Kovačević J, Prodanović O, Todorović B, Matović B, Stanković M, Maksimović V, Mutavdžić D, Skočić M, Pešić M, Prokić L, Radotić K. Cell wall response to UV radiation in needles of Picea omorika. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:176-190. [PMID: 33618201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The UV-B represents the minor fraction of the solar spectrum, while UV-C is not contained in natural solar radiation, but both radiation types can cause damaging effects in plants. Cell walls (CWs) are one of the targets for external stressors. Juvenile P. omorika trees were treated either with 21 day-high doses UV-B or with 7 day- UV-C in open-top chambers. Using spectroscopic and biochemical techniques, it was shown that the response to UV radiation includes numerous modifications in needle CW structure: relative content of xylan, xyloglucan, lignin and cellulose decreased; cellulose crystallinity changed; yield of lignin monomers with stronger connection of CC in side chain with the ring increased; re-distribution of inter- and intra-polymer H-bonds occurred. The recovery was mediated by an increase in the activities and changes in isoform profiles of CW bound covalent peroxidases (POD) and polyphenol oxidases (PO) (UV-B), and ionic POD and covalent PO (UV-C). A connection between activities of specific POD/PO isoforms and phenolic species (m- and p-coumaric acid, pinoresinol and cinnamic acid derivatives) was demonstrated, and supported by changes in the sRNA profile. In vivo fluorometry showed phenolics accumulation in needle epidermal CWs. These results imply transversal connections between polymers and changed mechanical properties of needle CW as a response to UV. The CW alterations enabled maintenance of physiological functions, as indicated by the preserved chlorophyll content and/or organization. The current study provides evidence that in conifers, needle CW response to both UV-B and UV-C includes biochemical modifications and structural remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lj Mitrović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Prokopijević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Spasojević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kovačević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Prodanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bratislav Todorović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, Leskovac, 16000, Serbia
| | - Branko Matović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Material Science, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351, Vinča, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Stanković
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragosav Mutavdžić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Skočić
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Pešić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 1108, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 1108, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
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14
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Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040782. [PMID: 33546346 PMCID: PMC7913487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.
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Šamec D, Karalija E, Šola I, Vujčić Bok V, Salopek-Sondi B. The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Response: The Influence of Molecular Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:118. [PMID: 33430128 PMCID: PMC7827553 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which plants cope with stress conditions. Polyphenols, which are the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, are generally recognized as molecules involved in stress protection in plants. This diverse group of metabolites contains various structures, from simple forms consisting of one aromatic ring to more complex ones consisting of large number of polymerized molecules. Consequently, all these molecules, depending on their structure, may show different roles in plant growth, development, and stress protection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize data on how different polyphenol structures influence their biological activity and their roles in abiotic stress responses. We focused our review on phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Erna Karalija
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33–35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (V.V.B.)
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Paupière MJ, Tikunov Y, Schleiff E, Bovy A, Fragkostefanakis S. Reprogramming of Tomato Leaf Metabolome by the Activity of Heat Stress Transcription Factor HsfB1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610599. [PMID: 33424907 PMCID: PMC7785825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to high temperatures with global changes of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) are the core regulators of transcriptome responses as they control the reprogramming of expression of hundreds of genes. The thermotolerance-related function of Hsfs is mainly based on the regulation of many heat shock proteins (HSPs). Instead, the Hsf-dependent reprogramming of metabolic pathways and their contribution to thermotolerance are not well described. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), manipulation of HsfB1, either by suppression or overexpression (OE) leads to enhanced thermotolerance and coincides with distinct profile of metabolic routes based on a metabolome profiling of wild-type (WT) and HsfB1 transgenic plants. Leaves of HsfB1 knock-down plants show an accumulation of metabolites with a positive effect on thermotolerance such as the sugars sucrose and glucose and the polyamine putrescine. OE of HsfB1 leads to the accumulation of products of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, including several caffeoyl quinic acid isomers. The latter is due to the enhanced transcription of genes coding key enzymes in both pathways, in some cases in both non-stressed and stressed plants. Our results show that beyond the control of the expression of Hsfs and HSPs, HsfB1 has a wider activity range by regulating important metabolic pathways providing an important link between stress response and physiological tomato development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Balti I, Benny J, Perrone A, Caruso T, Abdallah D, Salhi-Hannachi A, Martinelli F. Identification of conserved genes linked to responses to abiotic stresses in leaves among different plant species. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 48:54-71. [PMID: 32727652 DOI: 10.1071/fp20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of global climate change, certain stress factors that have a negative impact on crop productivity such as heat, cold, drought and salinity are becoming increasingly prevalent. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify genes conserved across plant species involved in (1) general abiotic stress conditions, and (2) specific and unique abiotic stress factors (drought, salinity, extreme temperature) in leaf tissues. We collected raw data and re-analysed eight RNA-Seq studies using our previously published bioinformatic pipeline. A total of 68 samples were analysed. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using MapMan and PageMan whereas DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery) was used for metabolic process enrichment analysis. We identified of a total of 5122 differentially expressed genes when considering all abiotic stresses (3895 were upregulated and 1227 were downregulated). Jasmonate-related genes were more commonly upregulated by drought, whereas gibberellin downregulation was a key signal for drought and heat. In contrast, cold stress clearly upregulated genes involved in ABA (abscisic acid), cytokinin and gibberellins. A gene (non-phototrophic hypocotyl) involved in IAA (indoleacetic acid) response was induced by heat. Regarding secondary metabolism, as expected, MVA pathway (mevalonate pathway), terpenoids and alkaloids were generally upregulated by all different stresses. However, flavonoids, lignin and lignans were more repressed by heat (cinnamoyl coA reductase 1 and isopentenyl pyrophosphatase). Cold stress drastically modulated genes involved in terpenoid and alkaloids. Relating to transcription factors, AP2-EREBP, MADS-box, WRKY22, MYB, homoebox genes members were significantly modulated by drought stress whereas cold stress enhanced AP2-EREBPs, bZIP members, MYB7, BELL 1 and one bHLH member. C2C2-CO-LIKE, MADS-box and a homeobox (HOMEOBOX3) were mostly repressed in response to heat. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation was enhanced by heat, which unexpectedly repressed glutaredoxin genes. Cold stress mostly upregulated MAP kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Findings of this work will allow the identification of new molecular markers conserved across crops linked to major genes involved in quantitative agronomic traits affected by different abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Balti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 4 Palermo, 90128, Italy; and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jubina Benny
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 4 Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Anna Perrone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Tiziano Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 4 Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Donia Abdallah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Salhi-Hannachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy; and Corresponding author.
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18
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Analysis of secondary metabolites induced by yellowing process for understanding rice yellowing mechanism. Food Chem 2020; 342:128204. [PMID: 33097330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study applied wide-targeted metabolomics based approach using LC-ESI-MS/MS to characterize the secondary metabolic difference between yellowed and normal rice. The results indicated that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, flavonols and phenolic acids was significantly enhanced during the rice yellowing process, which appears to be highly managed by phenylpropanoid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, rice yellowing led to an increased color parameter b* value, and a number of increased secondary metabolites in the yellowed rice such as homoeriodictyol, naringenin chalcone, 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone contributed to the yellow color. These may have application as potential biomarkers for characterizing rice yellowing.
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19
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Zhao X, Chen M, Li Z, Zhao Y, Yang H, Zha L, Yu C, Wu Y, Song X. The Response of Volvariella volvacea to Low-Temperature Stress Based on Metabonomics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1787. [PMID: 32849404 PMCID: PMC7403444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature can lead to the autolysis of Volvariella volvacea (V. volvacea), hindering its growth and preservation and severely reducing its yield and quality. This autolysis of V. volvacea at low temperature has been reported, but a metabolomics-based investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the V. volvacea response to low temperature has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes, levels and expression patterns of V. volvacea metabolites at low temperature. To understand the metabolic differences within V. volvacea, two strains with different levels of low-temperature tolerance were treated in an ice bath at 0°C for 2, 4, 8, and 10 h, while the blank control group was treated for 0 h. Metabonomics analysis was adopted to study the changes in V. volvacea in response to low temperature and the differences between the two different strains. Metabolic curves were analyzed at different time points by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). A total of 216 differential metabolites were identified and enriched in 39 metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, the TCA cycle, energy metabolism, etc. In this paper, we report the metabonomic analysis of V. volvacea in response to low temperature and compare the differences in metabolite expression between the low-temperature-resistant strain VH3 and the low-temperature-sensitive strain V23. Finally, the putative low-temperature resistance mechanism of VH3 is revealed at the metabolic level. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the regulatory mechanism of low-temperature resistance in V. volvacea and for future molecular breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Facility Agriculture and Equip, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Wuwei, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanling Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zha
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxia Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Tang Y, Gao CC, Gao Y, Yang Y, Shi B, Yu JL, Lyu C, Sun BF, Wang HL, Xu Y, Yang YG, Chong K. OsNSUN2-Mediated 5-Methylcytosine mRNA Modification Enhances Rice Adaptation to High Temperature. Dev Cell 2020; 53:272-286.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Ahanger MA, Qin C, Begum N, Maodong Q, Dong XX, El-Esawi M, El-Sheikh MA, Alatar AA, Zhang L. Nitrogen availability prevents oxidative effects of salinity on wheat growth and photosynthesis by up-regulating the antioxidants and osmolytes metabolism, and secondary metabolite accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:479. [PMID: 31703619 PMCID: PMC6839093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one of the damaging abiotic stress factor. Proper management techniques have been proposed to considerably lower the intensity of salinity on crop growth and productivity. Therefore experiments were conducted to assess the role of improved nitrogen (N) supplementation on the growth and salinity stress tolerance in wheat by analyzing the antioxidants, osmolytes and secondary metabolites. RESULTS Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress imparted deleterious effects on the chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis as well as the photosynthetic efficiency. N supplementation resulted in increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration with effects being much obvious in seedlings treated with higher N dose. Under non-saline conditions at both N levels, protease and lipoxygenase activity reduced significantly reflecting in reduced oxidative damage. Such effects were accompanied by reduced generation of toxic radicals like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and lipid peroxidation in N supplemented seedlings. Antioxidant defence system was up-regulated under saline and non-saline growth conditions due to N supplementation leading to protection of major cellular processes like photosynthesis, membrane structure and function, and mineral assimilation. Increased osmolyte and secondary metabolite accumulation, and redox components in N supplemented plants regulated the ROS metabolism and NaCl tolerance by further strengthening the antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Findings of present study suggest that N availability regulated the salinity tolerance by reducing Na uptake and strengthening the key tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Maodong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Xue Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohamed El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Response to Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205042. [PMID: 31614571 PMCID: PMC6829368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS), caused by extremely high temperatures, is one of the most severe forms of abiotic stress in pepper. In the present study, we studied the transcriptome and metabolome of a heat-tolerant cultivar (17CL30) and a heat-sensitive cultivar (05S180) under HS. Briefly, we identified 5754 and 5756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 17CL30 and 05S180, respectively. Moreover, we also identified 94 and 108 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in 17CL30 and 05S180, respectively. Interestingly, there were many common HS-responsive genes (approximately 30%) in both pepper cultivars, despite the expression patterns of these HS-responsive genes being different in both cultivars. Notably, the expression changes of the most common HS-responsive genes were typically much more significant in 17CL30, which might explain why 17CL30 was more heat tolerant. Similar results were also obtained from metabolome data, especially amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, and sugars. The changes in numerous genes and metabolites emphasized the complex response mechanisms involved in HS in pepper. Collectively, our study suggested that the glutathione metabolic pathway played a critical role in pepper response to HS and the higher accumulation ability of related genes and metabolites might be one of the primary reasons contributing to the heat resistance.
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23
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Phenol Content and Antioxidant and Antiaging Activity of Safflower Seed Oil (Carthamus Tinctorius L.). COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenol content of vegetable oil and its antioxidant activity are of primary interest for human health. Oilseed species are considered important sources of these compounds with medicinal effects on a large scale. Total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of safflower oil were previously studied. Nevertheless, there is no report on genotypic differences and antiaging activity of safflower oil. The aim of this study was to determine the TPC, diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and antiaging activity on three respective accessions from Syria, France, and Algeria of seed oil of safflower grown under semi-arid conditions during 3 consecutive years (2015, 2016, and 2017). The results showed that phenol content as well as antioxidant and antiaging activity varied according to both genotype and years. In 2017, the mean value of TPC in oil seed was two times higher than in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, accessions presented different TPC values depending on the year. The highest antioxidant activity was observed among accessions in 2017 compared to 2015 and 2016. As expected, a positive correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant activity. The inhibition in the collagenase assay was between 47% and 72.1% compared to the positive control (83.1%), while inhibition in the elastase assay of TPC ranged from 32.2% to 70.3%, with the positive control being 75.8%. These results highlight the interest of safflower oil as a source of phenols with valuable antioxidant and antiaging activity, and uses for cosmetics.
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Neelam, Khatkar A, Sharma KK. Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2655-2675. [PMID: 31456411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1653822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids and their derivatives are plant secondary metabolites widely present in fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, beverages, spices and herbs. They are known to have multifaceted effects which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer activities and as well as exhibits renoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Owing to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective properties, these compounds have wide application in the food (preservation, packaging films and edible coating), pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries such as textile (colorant), biofuel (antioxidant additive) and sensors (sensing biologically relevant molecules). Phenylpropanoids are present in commercially available dietary supplements and skin care products. In this review, we have presented the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, occurrence, biological activities of phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, along with the mechanism of action and their potential applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Zheng B. Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E2452. [PMID: 31277395 PMCID: PMC6651195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Zuo Z, Weraduwage SM, Lantz AT, Sanchez LM, Weise SE, Wang J, Childs KL, Sharkey TD. Isoprene Acts as a Signaling Molecule in Gene Networks Important for Stress Responses and Plant Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:124-152. [PMID: 30760638 PMCID: PMC6501071 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene synthase converts dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene and appears to be necessary and sufficient to allow plants to emit isoprene at significant rates. Isoprene can protect plants from abiotic stress but is not produced naturally by all plants; for example, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) do not produce isoprene. It is typically present at very low concentrations, suggesting a role as a signaling molecule; however, its exact physiological role and mechanism of action are not fully understood. We transformed Arabidopsis with a Eucalyptus globulus isoprene synthase The regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis and isoprene emission were similar to those of native emitters, indicating that regulation of isoprene emission is not specific to isoprene-emitting species. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were enhanced by isoprene, which also had a marked positive effect on hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, and inflorescence growth in Arabidopsis. By contrast, leaf and stem growth was reduced in tobacco engineered to emit isoprene. Expression of genes belonging to signaling networks or associated with specific growth regulators (e.g. gibberellic acid that promotes growth and jasmonic acid that promotes defense) and genes that lead to stress tolerance was altered by isoprene emission. Isoprene likely executes its effects on growth and stress tolerance through direct regulation of gene expression. Enhancement of jasmonic acid-mediated defense signaling by isoprene may trigger a growth-defense tradeoff leading to variations in the growth response. Our data support a role for isoprene as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Alexandra T Lantz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Lydia M Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sean E Weise
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Fragallah SADA, Wang P, Li N, Chen Y, Lin S. Metabolomic Analysis of Pollen Grains with Different Germination Abilities from Two Clones of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook). Molecules 2018; 23:E3162. [PMID: 30513683 PMCID: PMC6321011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen grains produce certain metabolites, which can improve or inhibit germination and tube growth. Metabolomic analysis of germinating and growing Chinese fir pollen has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse metabolites changes, content and expression in the germinating pollen of Chinese fir. To understand the metabolic differences, two clones from Chinese fir were selected. Metabolomics analyses were performed on three stages (1-, 24- and 48-h) during in vitro pollen germination. The metabolites profiles at different time points were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 171 peaks were screened; the corresponding differential metabolites of 121 peaks were classified into nine types of substances. The expression of metabolites showed significant differences across and between clones, and the variation was evident at all germination stages. The expression was obvious at the early stage of germination, which differed clearly from that of the late stage after pollen tube growth. Moreover, the metabolites were mainly enriched in 14 metabolic pathways. Pollen germination and tube growth and metabolites expressions changed per incubation time. Since this work is preliminary, we suggest further investigations to understand the relationship between the differential metabolites and pollen development, and factors affecting pollen germination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Aldin Dawina Abdallah Fragallah
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobied 160, Sudan.
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Nuo Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Adversity Physiological Ecology and Molecular Biology, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Adversity Physiological Ecology and Molecular Biology, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Sizu Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Adversity Physiological Ecology and Molecular Biology, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wang N, Liu W, Zhang T, Jiang S, Xu H, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang C, Chen X. Transcriptomic Analysis of Red-Fleshed Apples Reveals the Novel Role of MdWRKY11 in Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7076-7086. [PMID: 29909630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, flavonoids are important secondary metabolites that contribute to the nutritional quality of many foods. Apple is a popular and frequently consumed food because of its high flavonoid content. In this study, flavonoid composition and content were detected and compared between red- and white-fleshed apples in a BC1 hybrid population using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Transcriptomic analysis of the red- and white-fleshed apples was then performed using RNA-seq technology. By screening differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors, we unearthed a WRKY-family transcription factor designated MdWRKY11. Overexpression of MdWRKY11 promoted the expression of F3H, FLS, DFR, ANS, and UFGT and increased the accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanin in apple calli. Our findings explored the novel role of MdWRKY11 in flavonoid biosynthesis and suggest several other genes that may also be potentially involved. This provides valuable information on flavonoid synthesis for the breeding of elite red-fleshed apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Chuanzeng Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology , Tai'an , Shandong 271000 , China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
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29
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Bertini E, Merlin M, Gecchele E, Puggia A, Brozzetti A, Commisso M, Falorni A, Bini V, Klymyuk V, Pezzotti M, Avesani L. Design of a Type-1 Diabetes Vaccine Candidate Using Edible Plants Expressing a Major Autoantigen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 29765386 PMCID: PMC5938395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease involving the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. It is often diagnosed by the detection of autoantibodies, typically those recognizing insulin itself or the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65). Oral insulin can be used to induce systemic immunological tolerance and thus prevent or delay the onset of T1D, suggesting that combination treatments with other autoantigens such as GAD65 could be even more successful. GAD65 has induced oral tolerance and prevented T1D in preclinical studies but it is difficult to produce in sufficient quantities for clinical testing. Here we combined edible plant systems, namely spinach (Spinacia oleracea cv Industra) and red beet (Beta vulgaris cv Moulin Rouge), with the magnICON® expression system to develop a safe, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable platform for the large-scale production of GAD65. The superior red beet platform was extensively characterized in terms of recombinant protein yields and bioequivalence to wild-type plants, and the product was tested for its ability to resist simulated gastric digestion. Our results indicate that red beet plants are suitable for the production of a candidate oral vaccine based on GAD65 for the future preclinical and clinical testing of T1D immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Merlin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gecchele
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Puggia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Falorni
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bini
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Linda Avesani,
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