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Kuttithodi AM, Nikhitha D, Jacob J, Narayanankutty A, Mathews M, Olatunji OJ, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Barcelo D. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, and Larvicidal Activities of Selected Synthetic Bis-Chalcones. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238209. [PMID: 36500302 PMCID: PMC9740027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants are known to have numerous phytochemicals and other secondary metabolites with numerous pharmacological and biological properties. Among the various compounds, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, and terpenoids are the predominant ones that have been explored for their biological potential. Among these, chalcones and bis-chalcones are less explored for their biological potential under in vitro experiments, cell culture models, and animal studies. In the present study, we evaluated six synthetic bis-chalcones that were different in terms of their aromatic cores, functional group substitution, and position of substitutions. The results indicated a strong antioxidant property in terms of DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging potentials and ferric-reducing properties. In addition, compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The disc diffusion assay values were indicative of the antibacterial properties of these compounds. Overall, the study indicated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the compounds. Our preliminary studies point to the potential of this class of compounds for further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Moothakoottil Kuttithodi
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Lab, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Divakaran Nikhitha
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Lab, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Jisha Jacob
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Lab, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Manoj Mathews
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Bruňáková K, Bálintová M, Henzelyová J, Kolarčik V, Kimáková A, Petijová L, Čellárová E. Phytochemical profiling of several Hypericum species identified using genetic markers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112742. [PMID: 33965834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we performed phytochemical profiling of several under-exploited Hypericum representatives taxonomically belonging to the sections Ascyreia, Androsaemum, Inodora, Hypericum, Coridium, Myriandra, and Adenosepalum. The authenticity of the starting plant material was confirmed using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer as a molecular marker, DNA content and chromosome number. Phenolic constituents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to complement species-specific metabolic profiles. In several Hypericum representatives, the pharmacologically important compounds, including naphthodianthrones; phloroglucinol derivatives; chlorogenic acid; and some classes of flavonoids, particularly the flavonols rutin and hyperoside, flavanol catechin, and flavanones naringenin and naringin, were reported for the first time. Comparative multivariate analysis of chemometric data for seedlings cultured in vitro and acclimated to the outdoor conditions revealed a strong genetically predetermined interspecific variability in phenolic compound content. In addition to hypericins, which are the most abundant chemomarkers for the genus Hypericum, rarely employed phenolic metabolites, including phloroglucinol derivatives, chlorogenic acid, catechin, naringenin, naringin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, were shown to be useful for discriminating between closely related species. Given the increasing interest in natural products of the genus Hypericum, knowledge of the spectrum of phenolic compounds in shoot cultures is a prerequisite for future biotechnological applications. In addition, phytochemical profiling should be considered as an additional part of the integrated plant authentication system, which predominantly relies upon genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Bruňáková
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslava Bálintová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Henzelyová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Vladislav Kolarčik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Kimáková
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia; Present Address: Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Linda Petijová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
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PSYCHE-A Valuable Experiment in Plant NMR-Metabolomics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215125. [PMID: 33158186 PMCID: PMC7662903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1H-NMR is a very reproducible spectroscopic method and, therefore, a powerful tool for the metabolomic analysis of biological samples. However, due to the high complexity of natural samples, such as plant extracts, the evaluation of spectra is difficult because of signal overlap. The new NMR “Pure Shift” methods improve spectral resolution by suppressing homonuclear coupling and turning multiplets into singlets. The PSYCHE (Pure Shift yielded by Chirp excitation) and the Zangger–Sterk pulse sequence were tested. The parameters of the more suitable PSYCHE experiment were optimized, and the extracts of 21 Hypericum species were measured. Different evaluation criteria were used to compare the suitability of the PSYCHE experiment with conventional 1H-NMR. The relationship between the integral of a signal and the related bin value established by linear regression demonstrates an equal representation of the integrals in binned PSYCHE spectra compared to conventional 1H-NMR. Using multivariate data analysis based on both techniques reveals comparable results. The obtained data demonstrate that Pure Shift spectra can support the evaluation of conventional 1H-NMR experiments.
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Henzelyová J, Antalová M, Nigutová K, Logoida M, Schreiberová A, Kusari S, Čellárová E. Isolation, Characterization and Targeted Metabolic Evaluation of Endophytic Fungi Harbored in 14 Seed-Derived Hypericum Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:997-1008. [PMID: 32294787 DOI: 10.1055/a-1130-4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants of the genus Hypericum are rich sources of bioactive naphthodianthrones, which are unique in the plant kingdom, but quite common in fungal endophytes. Cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from 14 different Hypericum spp. originating from seeds grown under in vitro conditions and further acclimated to outdoor conditions. Among 37 fungal isolates yielded from the aerial and underground plant organs, 25 were identified at the species level by the fungal barcode marker internal transcribed spacer rDNA and protein-coding gene region of tef1α. Ten of them were isolated from Hypericum spp. for the first time. The axenic cultures of the isolated endophytes were screened for the production of extracellular enzymes, as well as bioactive naphthodianthrones and their putative precursors by Bornträger's test and HPLC-HRMS. Traces of naphthodianthrones and their intermediates, emodin, emodin anthrone, skyrin, or pseudohypericin, were detected in the fungal mycelia of Acremonium sclerotigenum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina isolated from Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum maculatum, respectively. Traces of emodin, hypericin, and pseudohypericin were released in the broth by Scedosporium apiospermum, P. cucumerina, and Fusarium oxysporum during submerged fermentation. These endophytes were isolated from several hypericin-producing Hypericum spp. Taken together, our results reveal the biosynthetic potential of cultivable endophytic fungi harbored in Hypericum plants as well as evidence of the existence of remarkable plant-endophyte relationships in selected non-native ecological niches. A possible role of the extracellular enzymes in plant secondary metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Henzelyová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Antalová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Nigutová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mariia Logoida
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Schreiberová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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MALDI-HRMS Imaging Maps the Localization of Skyrin, the Precursor of Hypericin, and Pathway Intermediates in Leaves of Hypericum Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173964. [PMID: 32878122 PMCID: PMC7504759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum and related species (Hypericaceae) are a reservoir of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites, including the well-known naphthodianthrone hypericin. However, the exact biosynthetic steps in the hypericin biosynthetic pathway, vis-à-vis the essential precursors and their localization in plants, remain unestablished. Recently, we proposed a novel biosynthetic pathway of hypericin, not through emodin and emodin anthrone, but skyrin. However, the localization of skyrin and its precursors in Hypericum plants, as well as the correlation between their spatial distribution with the hypericin pathway intermediates and the produced naphthodianthrones, are not known. Herein, we report the spatial distribution of skyrin and its precursors in leaves of five in vitro cultivated Hypericum plant species concomitant to hypericin, its analogs, as well as its previously proposed precursors emodin and emodin anthrone, using MALDI-HRMS imaging. Firstly, we employed HPLC-HRMS to confirm the presence of skyrin in all analyzed species, namely H. humifusum, H. bupleuroides, H. annulatum, H. tetrapterum, and H. rumeliacum. Thereafter, MALDI-HRMS imaging of the skyrin-containing leaves revealed a species-specific distribution and localization pattern of skyrin. Skyrin is localized in the dark glands in H. humifusum and H. tetrapterum leaves together with hypericin but remains scattered throughout the leaves in H. annulatum, H. bupleuroides, and H. rumeliacum. The distribution and localization of related compounds were also mapped and are discussed concomitant to the incidence of skyrin. Taken together, our study establishes and correlates for the first time, the high spatial distribution of skyrin and its precursors, as well as of hypericin, its analogs, and previously proposed precursors emodin and emodin anthrone in the leaves of Hypericum plants.
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Natural Antioxidants: A Review of Studies on Human and Animal Coronavirus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3173281. [PMID: 32855764 PMCID: PMC7443229 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3173281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The outbreaks of viruses with wide spread and mortality in the world population have motivated the research for new therapeutic approaches. There are several viruses that cause a biochemical imbalance in the infected cell resulting in oxidative stress. These effects may be associated with the development of pathologies and worsening of symptoms. Therefore, this review is aimed at discussing natural compounds with both antioxidant and antiviral activities, specifically against coronavirus infection, in an attempt to contribute to global researches for discovering effective therapeutic agents in the treatment of coronavirus infection and its severe clinical complications. The contribution of the possible action of these compounds on metabolic modulation associated with antiviral properties, in addition to other mechanisms of action, is presented.
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7
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Cirak C, Radusiene J. Factors affecting the variation of bioactive compounds in Hypericum species. Biol Futur 2019; 70:198-209. [DOI: 10.1556/019.70.2019.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Cirak
- Vocational High School of Bafra, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Kimáková K, Kimáková A, Idkowiak J, Stobiecki M, Rodziewicz P, Marczak Ł, Čellárová E. Phenotyping the genus Hypericum by secondary metabolite profiling: emodin vs. skyrin, two possible key intermediates in hypericin biosynthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7689-7699. [PMID: 30291388 PMCID: PMC6244766 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of compounds that occur in the genus Hypericum are listed as effective drugs of natural origin. The main biological activities of several Hypericum representatives are due to the presence of naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols, and other diverse groups of secondary metabolites that synergistically contribute to their therapeutic effects. The regulation of biosynthesis of hypericin as the key bioactive naphthodianthrone remains uncertain. Here, we present liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based phenotyping of 17 Hypericum species, the results of which suggest an important role for skyrin and its derivatives in the polyketide pathway that leads to hypericin formation. Moreover, we report for the first time the presence of new metabolites in the genus Hypericum that are related to classes of anthraquinones, their derivatives, and phloroglucinols. As skyrin and other species of anthraquinones are rarely found in higher plants but frequently occur in fungal microorganisms, the obtained results suggest that further research on the synthesis pathways of hypericin and the role of anthraquinone derivatives in plant metabolism should be carried out. The fact that these compounds are commonly synthesized in endophytic fungi and perhaps there is some similarity in the metabolic pathways between these organisms should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kimáková
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kimáková
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Idkowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Rodziewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
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9
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Goodger JQD, Senaratne SL, Nicolle D, Woodrow IE. Differential metabolic specialization of foliar oil glands in Eucalyptus brevistylis Brooker (Myrtaceae). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1451-1460. [PMID: 30032311 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trees and shrubs from the genus Eucalyptus are characterized by the presence of numerous foliar oil glands that generally house mono- and sesquiterpenes. In some species, glands are also known to house substantial quantities of unrelated secondary metabolites such as volatile, aromatic β-triketones. It is not known if these compounds are co-housed with terpenes or if they are produced in distinct, metabolically specialized glands. We showed that Eucalyptus brevistylis-a species with appreciable foliar quantities of both β-triketones and terpenes-contains two visually distinct gland types in leaves, one that is translucent and the other golden-brown. Gas chromatographic analyses of solvent extracts of the two gland types showed that the translucent glands contain sesquiterpene alcohol cubenols and cubebols (termed 'sesquiterpene glands'), whereas the golden-brown glands contain predominantly the β-triketone conglomerone with lesser amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon caryophyllenes (termed 'triketone glands'). Analysis of leaves from trees of different ages, from young saplings through to advanced age trees, showed a gradual increase in the abundance of sesquiterpene glands relative to triketone glands as plants aged. Such ontogenetic regulation of foliar secondary metabolite concentration appears to be a common feature of Eucalyptus species, albeit at different temporal scales. A similar ontogenetic pattern was observed in ageing leaves, with mature leaves having a higher proportion of sesquiterpene glands than young leaf tips. It is concluded that regulation of the relative abundances of the two gland types with ontogeny likely reflects the different herbivores present at the different life stages of leaves and whole plants. In particular, leaf tips and young plants may be advantaged by deploying higher amounts of insecticidal β-triketones. The concurrent deployment of two metabolically distinct gland types in leaves is a rare phenomenon and a novel finding for myrtaceous trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Q D Goodger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samiddhi L Senaratne
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean Nicolle
- Currency Creek Arboretum, Melrose Park, Currency Creek, SA, Australia
| | - Ian E Woodrow
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Peters K, Worrich A, Weinhold A, Alka O, Balcke G, Birkemeyer C, Bruelheide H, Calf OW, Dietz S, Dührkop K, Gaquerel E, Heinig U, Kücklich M, Macel M, Müller C, Poeschl Y, Pohnert G, Ristok C, Rodríguez VM, Ruttkies C, Schuman M, Schweiger R, Shahaf N, Steinbeck C, Tortosa M, Treutler H, Ueberschaar N, Velasco P, Weiß BM, Widdig A, Neumann S, Dam NMV. Current Challenges in Plant Eco-Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1385. [PMID: 29734799 PMCID: PMC5983679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively new research discipline of Eco-Metabolomics is the application of metabolomics techniques to ecology with the aim to characterise biochemical interactions of organisms across different spatial and temporal scales. Metabolomics is an untargeted biochemical approach to measure many thousands of metabolites in different species, including plants and animals. Changes in metabolite concentrations can provide mechanistic evidence for biochemical processes that are relevant at ecological scales. These include physiological, phenotypic and morphological responses of plants and communities to environmental changes and also interactions with other organisms. Traditionally, research in biochemistry and ecology comes from two different directions and is performed at distinct spatiotemporal scales. Biochemical studies most often focus on intrinsic processes in individuals at physiological and cellular scales. Generally, they take a bottom-up approach scaling up cellular processes from spatiotemporally fine to coarser scales. Ecological studies usually focus on extrinsic processes acting upon organisms at population and community scales and typically study top-down and bottom-up processes in combination. Eco-Metabolomics is a transdisciplinary research discipline that links biochemistry and ecology and connects the distinct spatiotemporal scales. In this review, we focus on approaches to study chemical and biochemical interactions of plants at various ecological levels, mainly plant⁻organismal interactions, and discuss related examples from other domains. We present recent developments and highlight advancements in Eco-Metabolomics over the last decade from various angles. We further address the five key challenges: (1) complex experimental designs and large variation of metabolite profiles; (2) feature extraction; (3) metabolite identification; (4) statistical analyses; and (5) bioinformatics software tools and workflows. The presented solutions to these challenges will advance connecting the distinct spatiotemporal scales and bridging biochemistry and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Peters
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anja Worrich
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Alka
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gerd Balcke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Onno W Calf
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Dietz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kai Dührkop
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, 234 Herzl St., P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Marlen Kücklich
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mirka Macel
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Müller
- Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christian Ristok
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Victor Manuel Rodríguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Christoph Ruttkies
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Meredith Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Rabea Schweiger
- Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Nir Shahaf
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, 234 Herzl St., P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Maria Tortosa
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Hendrik Treutler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Brigitte M Weiß
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Widdig
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
- Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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11
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Nigutová K, Kusari S, Sezgin S, Petijová L, Henzelyová J, Bálintová M, Spiteller M, Čellárová E. Chemometric evaluation of hypericin and related phytochemicals in 17 in vitro cultured Hypericum species, hairy root cultures and hairy root-derived transgenic plants. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 71:46-57. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study was to ascertain the presence and correlations among eight important secondary metabolites viz. hypericin, pseudohypericin, emodin, hyperforin, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin and quercitrin in different organs of 17 in vitro cultured Hypericum species, along with H. tomentosum and H. tetrapterum hairy root cultures, and hairy root-derived transgenic plants of H. tomentosum.
Methods
Samples were extracted and analysed by LC-MS. The LC-MS data were subjected to chemometric evaluations for metabolite profiling and correlating the phytochemical compositions in different samples.
Key findings
Hypericin, pseudohypericin and their proposed precursor emodin were detected in various levels in the leaves of eight Hypericum species. The highest content of hypericins and emodin was found in H. tetrapterum, which contains the studied secondary metabolites in all plant organs. A significant positive correlation between hypericins and emodin was observed both by principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS), indicating the role of emodin as a possible precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of hypericins. Flavonoids were found in all tested plant organs except roots of H. pulchrum. The hairy roots lacked hypericin, pseudohypericin, emodin, hyperforin and rutin. However, the hairy root-derived transgenic plants showed a significant increase in flavonoids.
Conclusions
This study broadens knowledge about the phytochemical composition of selected in vitro cultured Hypericum species, compared to that of hairy root cultures and hairy root-derived transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Nigutová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Selahaddin Sezgin
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda Petijová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Henzelyová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Bálintová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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