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Shi L, Chen Y, Dong W, Li S, Chen W, Yang Z, Cao S. Melatonin delayed senescence by modulating the contents of plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1304913. [PMID: 38516664 PMCID: PMC10954822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1304913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Okra has been widely cultivated worldwide. Consumers appreciate its nutritional value and delicious taste. However, okra is very perishable after harvest because of rapid senescence and high susceptibility to mechanical injuries, which limits its storage life and reduces consumer acceptance. This study examined the influence of melatonin treatment on senescence process and endogenous plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras. The results indicated that melatonin treatment delayed senescence by increasing the endogenous melatonin content through upregulation of its biosynthetic genes. In addition, the treatment increased the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) due to the positive modulation of their metabolic and signalling genes. Furthermore, treated okras exhibited higher levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but lower abscisic acid (ABA) content, contributing to the delayed senescence process compared to control. Overall, the findings suggested that melatonin postponed senescence in okras fruit by positively regulating endogenous signalling molecules such as melatonin, IAA, GABA, GA, and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
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2
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Xu G, Cheng Y, Wang X, Dai Z, Kang Z, Ye Z, Pan Y, Zhou L, Xie D, Sun J. Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Loci and Candidate Genes for Seed Germination Percentage in Okra under Salt and No-Salt Stresses by Genome-Wide Association Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:588. [PMID: 38475435 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Excessive soil salinity is a major stressor inhibiting crops' growth, development, and yield. Seed germination is a critical stage of crop growth and development, as well as one of the most salt-sensitive stages. Salt stress has a significant inhibitory effect on seed germination. Okra is a nutritious vegetable, but its seed germination percentage (GP) is low, whether under salt stress conditions or suitable conditions. In this study, we used 180 okra accessions and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the germination percentage using 20,133,859 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers under 0 (CK, diluted water), 70 (treatment 1, T1), and 140 mmol/L (treatment 2, T2) NaCl conditions. Using the mixed linear model (MLM) in Efficient Mixed-model Association eXpedated (EMMAX) and Genome-wide Efficient Mixed Model Association (GEMMA) software, 511 SNP loci were significantly associated during germination, of which 167 SNP loci were detected simultaneously by both programs. Among the 167 SNPs, SNP2619493 on chromosome 59 and SNP2692266 on chromosome 44 were detected simultaneously under the CK, T1, and T2 conditions, and were key SNP loci regulating the GP of okra seeds. Linkage disequilibrium block analysis revealed that nsSNP2626294 (C/T) in Ae59G004900 was near SNP2619493, and the amino acid changes caused by nsSNP2626294 led to an increase in the phenotypic values in some okra accessions. There was an nsSNP2688406 (A/G) in Ae44G005470 near SNP2692266, and the amino acid change caused by nsSNP2688406 led to a decrease in phenotypic values in some okra accessions. These results indicate that Ae59G004900 and Ae44G005470 regulate the GP of okra seeds under salt and no-salt stresses. The gene expression analysis further demonstrated these results. The SNP markers and genes that were identified in this study will provide reference for further research on the GP of okra, as well as new genetic markers and candidate genes for cultivating new okra varieties with high GPs under salt and no-salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yujing Cheng
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Zhigang Dai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zepei Kang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zhichao Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Linkang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Dongwei Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Verbeecke V, Custódio L, Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D. The role of orphan crops in the transition to nutritional quality-oriented crop improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108242. [PMID: 37640278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a persisting problem threatening global human health. Biofortification via metabolic engineering has been proposed as a cost-effective and short-term means to alleviate this burden. There has been a recent rise in the recognition of potential that underutilized, orphan crops can hold in decreasing malnutrition concerns. Here, we illustrate how orphan crops can serve as a medium to provide micronutrients to populations in need, whilst promoting and maintaining dietary diversity. We provide a roadmap, illustrating which aspects to be taken into consideration when evaluating orphan crops. Recent developments have shown successful biofortification via metabolic engineering in staple crops. This review provides guidance in the implementation of these successes to relevant orphan crop species, with a specific focus on the relevant micronutrients iron, zinc, provitamin A and folates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Verbeecke
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Custódio
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Strobbe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Hafeez A, Ali B, Javed MA, Saleem A, Fatima M, Fathi A, Afridi MS, Aydin V, Oral MA, Soudy FA. Plant breeding for harmony between sustainable agriculture, the environment, and global food security: an era of genomics-assisted breeding. PLANTA 2023; 258:97. [PMID: 37823963 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Genomics-assisted breeding represents a crucial frontier in enhancing the balance between sustainable agriculture, environmental preservation, and global food security. Its precision and efficiency hold the promise of developing resilient crops, reducing resource utilization, and safeguarding biodiversity, ultimately fostering a more sustainable and secure food production system. Agriculture has been seriously threatened over the last 40 years by climate changes that menace global nutrition and food security. Changes in environmental factors like drought, salt concentration, heavy rainfalls, and extremely low or high temperatures can have a detrimental effects on plant development, growth, and yield. Extreme poverty and increasing food demand necessitate the need to break the existing production barriers in several crops. The first decade of twenty-first century marks the rapid development in the discovery of new plant breeding technologies. In contrast, in the second decade, the focus turned to extracting information from massive genomic frameworks, speculating gene-to-phenotype associations, and producing resilient crops. In this review, we will encompass the causes, effects of abiotic stresses and how they can be addressed using plant breeding technologies. Both conventional and modern breeding technologies will be highlighted. Moreover, the challenges like the commercialization of biotechnological products faced by proponents and developers will also be accentuated. The crux of this review is to mention the available breeding technologies that can deliver crops with high nutrition and climate resilience for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aroona Saleem
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahreen Fatima
- Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Amin Fathi
- Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, 46151, Iran
| | - Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Veysel Aydin
- Sason Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Batman University, Batman, 72060, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Atalay Oral
- Elmalı Vocational School of Higher Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07058, Turkey
| | - Fathia A Soudy
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt
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Hazra S, Moulick D, Mukherjee A, Sahib S, Chowardhara B, Majumdar A, Upadhyay MK, Yadav P, Roy P, Santra SC, Mandal S, Nandy S, Dey A. Evaluation of efficacy of non-coding RNA in abiotic stress management of field crops: Current status and future prospective. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:107940. [PMID: 37738864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are responsible for the major losses in crop yield all over the world. Stresses generate harmful ROS which can impair cellular processes in plants. Therefore, plants have evolved antioxidant systems in defence against the stress-induced damages. The frequency of occurrence of abiotic stressors has increased several-fold due to the climate change experienced in recent times and projected for the future. This had particularly aggravated the risk of yield losses and threatened global food security. Non-coding RNAs are the part of eukaryotic genome that does not code for any proteins. However, they have been recently found to have a crucial role in the responses of plants to both abiotic and biotic stresses. There are different types of ncRNAs, for example, miRNAs and lncRNAs, which have the potential to regulate the expression of stress-related genes at the levels of transcription, post-transcription, and translation of proteins. The lncRNAs are also able to impart their epigenetic effects on the target genes through the alteration of the status of histone modification and organization of the chromatins. The current review attempts to deliver a comprehensive account of the role of ncRNAs in the regulation of plants' abiotic stress responses through ROS homeostasis. The potential applications ncRNAs in amelioration of abiotic stresses in field crops also have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Hazra
- Sharda School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | | | - Synudeen Sahib
- S. S. Cottage, Njarackal, P.O.: Perinad, Kollam, 691601, Kerala, India.
| | - Bhaben Chowardhara
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, Arunachal University of Studies, Arunachal Pradesh 792103, India.
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Munish Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Priyabrata Roy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Sayanti Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College (affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra-411018, India.
| | - Samapika Nandy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Botany, Vedanta College, 33A Shiv Krishna Daw Lane, Kolkata-700054, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India.
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Dhole RR, Singh RN, Dhanapal R, Singla S, Ramkumar G, Muthuusamy R, Salmen SH, Alharbi SA, Narayanan M, Karuppusamy I. Impact assessment of natural variations in different weather factors on the incidence of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. and yellow vein mosaic disease in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116209. [PMID: 37217129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, also renowned as the silver leaf whitefly, is among the most damaging polyphagous insect pests in many commercially important crops and commodities. A set of field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years i.e., 2018-2020, to investigate the role of variations in rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity on the abundance of B. tabaci in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). In the first experiment, the variety Arka Anamika was cultivated twice a year to analyse the incidence of B. tabaci concerning the prevailing weather factors and the overall pooled incidence recorded during the dry and wet season was 1.34 ± 0.51 to 20.03 ± 1.42 and 2.26 ± 1.08 to 18.3 ± 1.96, respectively. Similarly, it was observed that the highest number of B. tabaci catch (19.51 ± 1.64 whiteflies/3 leaves) was recorded in morning hours between 08:31 to 09:30 a.m. The Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (YVMD) is a devastating disease of okra caused by begomovirus, for which B. tabaci acts as a vector. In another experiment, screening was conducted to check the relative susceptibility of three different varieties viz., ArkaAnamika, PusaSawani, and ParbhaniKranti against B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD ((Percent Disease Incidence (PDI), Disease Severity Index (DSI), and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC)). The recorded data was normalized by standard transformation and subjected to ANOVA for population dynamics and PDI. Pearson's rank correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been used to relate the influences of various weather conditions on distribution and abundance. SPSS and R software were used to create the regression model for predicting the population of B. tabaci. Late sown PusaSawani evolved as a highly susceptible variety in terms of B. tabaci (24.83 ± 6.79 adults/3leaves; mean ± SE; N = 10) as well as YVMD i.e., PDI (38.00 ± 4.95 infected plants/50plants), DSI (71.6-96.4% at 30 DAS) and AUDPC (mean β-value = 0.76; R2 = 0.96) while early sown Parbhani Kranti least susceptible to both. However, the variety ArkaAnamika was observed as moderately susceptible to B. tabaci and its resultant disease. Moreover, environmental factors were predominantly responsible for regulating the population of insect pests in the field and hence its productivity like rainfall and relative humidity were negative while the temperature was positively correlated with B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD (AUDPC). The findings are helpful for the farmers to choose need-based IPM strategies than timing-based, which would fit perfectly with the present agro-ecosystems in all ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Ramakrishna Dhole
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, 821 305, Bihar, India
| | - Rajendra Nath Singh
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Dhanapal
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Ranipet, 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurav Singla
- Department of Statistics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranganathan Muthuusamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, 635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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7
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Anikina I, Kamarova A, Issayeva K, Issakhanova S, Mustafayeva N, Insebayeva M, Mukhamedzhanova A, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Lho LH, Han H, Raposo A. Plant protection from virus: a review of different approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163270. [PMID: 37377807 PMCID: PMC10291191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes methods for controlling plant viral infection. The high harmfulness of viral diseases and the peculiarities of viral pathogenesis impose special requirements regarding developing methods to prevent phytoviruses. The control of viral infection is complicated by the rapid evolution, variability of viruses, and the peculiarities of their pathogenesis. Viral infection in plants is a complex interdependent process. The creation of transgenic varieties has caused much hope in the fight against viral pathogens. The disadvantages of genetically engineered approaches include the fact that the resistance gained is often highly specific and short-lived, and there are bans in many countries on the use of transgenic varieties. Modern prevention methods, diagnosis, and recovery of planting material are at the forefront of the fight against viral infection. The main techniques used for the healing of virus-infected plants include the apical meristem method, which is combined with thermotherapy and chemotherapy. These methods represent a single biotechnological complex method of plant recovery from viruses in vitro culture. It widely uses this method for obtaining non-virus planting material for various crops. The disadvantages of the tissue culture-based method of health improvement include the possibility of self-clonal variations resulting from the long-term cultivation of plants under in vitro conditions. The possibilities of increasing plant resistance by stimulating their immune system have expanded, which results from the in-depth study of the molecular and genetic bases of plant resistance toward viruses and the investigation of the mechanisms of induction of protective reactions in the plant organism. The existing methods of phytovirus control are ambiguous and require additional research. Further study of the genetic, biochemical, and physiological features of viral pathogenesis and the development of a strategy to increase plant resistance to viruses will allow a new level of phytovirus infection control to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Anikina
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidana Kamarova
- Biology and Ecology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuralay Issayeva
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Madina Insebayeva
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business, Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Lestari SM, Hidayat SH, Hidayat P, Kil EJ, Lee S, Kim SM, Lee KY. Identification of begomoviruses associated with the insect vector Bemisia tabaci and various host plants on Java Island, Indonesia. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21984. [PMID: 36397643 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses are economically important plant viruses and are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci which is a complex of various cryptic species. However, it is uncertain whether most begomoviruses that infect host plants are transmitted by B. tabaci at a similar rate. We compared the begomovirus profiles that were detected in a total of 37 whitefly populations and 52 host plants on Java Island, Indonesia. Seven begomovirus species were detected in B. tabaci at different rates: pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV, 56.8%), tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV, 46.0%), tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV, 21.6%), squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV, 21.6%), ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV, 2.7%), mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV, 2.7%), and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV, 2.7%). The begomoviruses were detected at different rates in three cryptic species of B. tabaci. In addition, six begomovirus species were detected in the various host plants at different rates: PepYLCIV (67.3%), TYLCKaV (53.9%), ToLCNDV (13.5%), MYMIV (11.5%), AYVCNV (3.9%), and Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) (1.9%). By comparing the virus presence between whiteflies and plants, five begomoviruses (AYVCNV, MYMIV, PepYLCIV, ToLCNDV, and TYLCKaV) were detected in both samples, but their sequence similarity was highly variable depending on the begomovirus themselves; TYLCKaV was highest (99.4%-100%) than any other viruses. Our study suggests B. tabaci acquire begomoviruses at different rates from plants. This study provides important information on the potential variation in the begomovirus transmission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanti M Lestari
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sri H Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Kim
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Quantum Bio Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Gunwi, Korea
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9
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An X, Luo X, Liu T, Li W, Zou L. Development and Application of Fruit Color-Related Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers in Abelmoschus esculentus on the Basis of Transcriptome Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907895. [PMID: 35677229 PMCID: PMC9168766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus is a medicinal and edible plant that contains large amounts of active ingredients, including anthocyanins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and terpenoids. However, because of a relative lack of molecular research, there are few molecular markers applicable for this plant species. In this study, on the basis of A. esculentus fruit color-related transcriptome sequencing data, we analyzed the patterns of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and revealed the biological processes and metabolic pathways associated with the related genes. We also designed primers for SSR loci to develop SSR molecular markers. Primers were synthesized using a DEG associated with a protein-protein interaction network. Polymorphic SSR markers were screened for the subsequent examination of A. esculentus germplasm resources and fruit color association analysis. The results indicated that 24.98% of the unigenes contained SSR motifs. Single-base (mononucleotide) repeats were the main SSRs, followed by trinucleotide and dinucleotide repeats. We selected 47 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR primer pairs for the genotyping of 153 A. esculentus varieties/lines. We ultimately obtained 21 EST-SSR markers suitable for genotyping. A generalized linear model-based association analysis detected two EST-SSR markers significantly associated with A. esculentus fruit color. In conclusion, several EST-SSR and SSR molecular markers in A. esculentus were developed in this study. The fruit color-associated markers may be useful for the molecular marker-assisted breeding of new A. esculentus varieties.
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Gupta K, Rishishwar R, Khan ZA, Dasgupta I. Agrobacterium-mediated co-inoculation of okra plants with cloned okra enation leaf curl virus DNA and bhendi yellow vein mosaic beta-satellite DNA furthers Koch's postulates for enation leaf curl disease. J Virol Methods 2021; 300:114413. [PMID: 34902462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The enation leaf curl disease (ELCuD) is one of the several viral diseases affecting the cultivation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in the Indian subcontinent. Several begomoviruses and satellites are associated with ELCuD. However, to date, there are no reports of the re-introduction of any cloned ELCuD-associated viral DNA back into okra to cause ELCuD-like symptoms. Okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) and various satellites, which includes bhendi yellow vein mosaic beta-satellite (BYVMB) have earlier been reported to be associated with ELCuD and with other okra diseases such as bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease. In this report, it is shown that agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of a cloned DNA of OELCuV and BYVMB to the shoot apex of virus-free okra plants led to symptoms resembling ELCuD. The OELCuV and the BYVMB DNAs could be PCR- amplified from the symptomatic leaves of the agro-inoculated plants. Full-length OELCuV DNA could also be amplified from the same symptomatic leaves, part of whose DNA sequence matched with that of the DNA which was inoculated. Hence, this work is an important step towards the fulfilment of Koch's postulates for ELCuD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rashmi Rishishwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Zainul A Khan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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11
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Sun M, Yang XL, Zhu ZP, Xu QY, Wu KX, Kang YJ, Wang H, Xiong AS. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into nitric oxide suppressing lignin accumulation of postharvest okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during cold storage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:49-67. [PMID: 34332254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, NO has been proved the function of improving abiotic stress resistance. However, the role of NO in the lignin metabolism of okra under cold stress has not been clarified. Here, histochemical staining and lignin content analysis showed that cold stress promoted the lignin accumulation of cold stored okra pods, and NO inhibited the lignin accumulation and delayed lignification process. To better understand the roles of NO in okra cold stress resistance mechanism, the full-length transcriptome data of 'Hokkaido' was analyzed. The SNP-treated okra transcriptome and cPTIO-treated okra transcriptome were obtained. A total of 41957 unigenes were screened out from three groups at 10 d, among which, 33, 78 and 18 DEGs were found in ddH2O-treat, SNP-treat and cPTIO-treat group, respectively. Transcriptomic data suggested that the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis showed downregulation under SNP treatment. Transcriptomic data and enzyme activity showed that exogenous NO significantly promoted the biosynthesis of endogenous NO by enhancing NOS activity. Transcriptomic data and plant hormone data showed that NO played an important role in the process of inhibiting the ethylene and ABA synthesis mechanism of okra and thereby reducing the endogenous ethylene and ABA content under chilling stress. Relevant physiological data showed that NO helped to the protection of ROS scavenging system and removed the MDA and H2O2 induced by cold stress. These results provided a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of nitric oxide delaying the lignification of okra, and also provided a theoretical basis for postharvest storage of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Qin-Yi Xu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Yi-Jun Kang
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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12
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Genome Sequence of an Okra Leaf Curl Virus from Egypt. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0053321. [PMID: 34292069 PMCID: PMC8297448 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00533-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete Okra leaf curl virus DNA-A was sequenced from okra in Egypt. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this monopartite virus, comprising 2,764 bp and encoding 6 open reading frames (ORFs) with a GC content of 44.6% and 88.3% similarity to a virus reported earlier from Cameroon.
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13
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Comparative RNA-Seq analysis unfolds a complex regulatory network imparting yellow mosaic disease resistance in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244593. [PMID: 33434234 PMCID: PMC7802970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is one of the most damaging diseases in Asia. In the northern part of India, the YMD is caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV), while in southern India this is caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV). The molecular mechanism of YMD resistance in mungbean remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA-seq analysis was conducted between a resistant (PMR-1) and a susceptible (Pusa Vishal) mungbean genotype under infected and control conditions to understand the regulatory network operating between mungbean-YMV. Overall, 76.8 million raw reads could be generated in different treatment combinations, while mapping rate per library to the reference genome varied from 86.78% to 93.35%. The resistance to MYMIV showed a very complicated gene network, which begins with the production of general PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns), then activation of various signaling cascades like kinases, jasmonic acid (JA) and brassinosteroid (BR), and finally the expression of specific genes (like PR-proteins, virus resistance and R-gene proteins) leading to resistance response. The function of WRKY, NAC and MYB transcription factors in imparting the resistance against MYMIV could be established. The string analysis also revealed the role of proteins involved in kinase, viral movement and phytoene synthase activity in imparting YMD resistance. A set of novel stress-related EST-SSRs are also identified from the RNA-Seq data which may be used to find the linked genes/QTLs with the YMD resistance. Also, 11 defence-related transcripts could be validated through quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The identified gene networks have led to an insight about the defence mechanism operating against MYMIV infection in mungbean which will be of immense use to manage the YMD resistance in mungbean.
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Emmanuel CJ, Manohara S, Shaw MW. Molecular characterization of begomovirus-betasatellite-alphasatellite complex associated with okra enation leaf curl disease in Northern Sri Lanka. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:506. [PMID: 33184593 PMCID: PMC7642014 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Okra enation leaf curl is a newly emerging disease in commercial okra cultivation fields in Northern Sri Lanka. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the causative begomovirus and associated satellites. Okra plants showing the enation leaf curl disease symptoms were collected from Vavuniya and Jaffna districts of Northern Province. The PCR diagnostic and genome sequencing revealed that the symptomatic okra plants are associated with begomovirus, betasatellite, and alphasatellite complex. The begomovirus isolates shared 98.2-99.7% nucleotide identity with Okra enation leaf curl virus. The betasatellites showed 96-98.8% nucleotide identity with Bhendi yellow vein mosaic betasatellite which is usually associated with Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease. Two distinct alphasatellite species, Okra leaf curl alphasatellite and Bhendi yellow vein mosaic alphasatellite, were identified in leaf samples with enation leaf curl disease. The disease was transmitted by whiteflies from diseased plants to healthy plants. Hybrid varieties were more susceptible to the disease compared to cultivated varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharmya Manohara
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000 JA Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Warren Shaw
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BZ UK
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15
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Mishra GP, Dikshit HK, S. V. R, Tripathi K, Kumar RR, Aski M, Singh A, Roy A, Priti, Kumari N, Dasgupta U, Kumar A, Praveen S, Nair RM. Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) of Mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): Current Status and Management Opportunities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:918. [PMID: 32670329 PMCID: PMC7327115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
Globally, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) remains a major constraint of mungbean production, and management of this deadly disease is still the biggest challenge. Thus, finding ways to manage YMD including development of varieties possessing resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a research priority for mungbean crop. Characterization of YMD resistance using various advanced molecular and biochemical approaches during plant-virus interactions has unfolded a comprehensive network of pathogen survival, disease severity, and the response of plants to pathogen attack, including mechanisms of YMD resistance in mungbean. The biggest challenge in YMD management is the effective utilization of an array of information gained so far, in an integrated manner for the development of genotypes having durable resistance against yellow mosaic virus (YMV) infection. In this backdrop, this review summarizes the role of various begomoviruses, its genomic components, and vector whiteflies, including cryptic species in the YMD expression. Also, information about the genetics of YMD in both mungbean and blackgram crops is comprehensively presented, as both the species are crossable, and same viral strains are also found affecting these crops. Also, implications of various management strategies including the use of resistance sources, the primary source of inoculums and vector management, wide-hybridization, mutation breeding, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the prospects of employing various powerful emerging tools like translational genomics, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 are also highlighted to complete the YMD management perspective in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh K. Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh S. V.
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and PHT, ICAR-Central Plantation, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet R. Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Muraleedhar Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikki Kumari
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uttarayan Dasgupta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramakrishnan M. Nair
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
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16
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Anwar A, Kim JK. Transgenic Breeding Approaches for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2695. [PMID: 32295026 PMCID: PMC7216248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent rapid climate changes and increasing global population have led to an increased incidence of abiotic stress and decreased crop productivity. Environmental stresses, such as temperature, drought, nutrient deficiency, salinity, and heavy metal stresses, are major challenges for agriculture, and they lead to a significant reduction in crop growth and productivity. Abiotic stress is a very complex phenomenon, involving a variety of physiological and biochemical changes in plant cells. Plants exposed to abiotic stress exhibit enhanced levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species), which are highly reactive and toxic and affect the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Transgenic breeding offers a suitable alternative to conventional breeding to achieve plant genetic improvements. Over the last two decades, genetic engineering/transgenic breeding techniques demonstrated remarkable developments in manipulations of the genes for the induction of desired characteristics into transgenic plants. Transgenic approaches provide us with access to identify the candidate genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors (TFs) that are involved in specific plant processes, thus enabling an integrated knowledge of the molecular and physiological mechanisms influencing the plant tolerance and productivity. The accuracy and precision of this phenomenon assures great success in the future of plant improvements. Hence, transgenic breeding has proven to be a promising tool for abiotic stress improvement in crops. This review focuses on the potential and successful applications, recent progress, and future perspectives of transgenic breeding for improving abiotic stress tolerance and productivity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea;
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17
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Tharmila CJ, Emmanuel CJ, Devika MDC, Michael WS. Detection and absolute quantification of betasatellites associated with okra yellow vein mosaic disease by qPCR. J Virol Methods 2019; 276:113789. [PMID: 31778677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD) causes serious loss in okra production in Sri Lanka. Therefore, screening of resistant okra verities is an essential need to control the disease. As the available qualitative and semi-quantitative methods failed to detect latent infection the present study aimed to develop a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect and quantify one of the OYVMD causing agent, symptom modulating satellite molecules. A pair of primers targeting a portion of βC1 gene of BYVMBs was designed and used to quantify of BYVMBs by absolute quantification method using SYBR Green I chemistry. Standard curves were prepared using series of dilutions of known copy number plasmids carrying target sequence. The mean amplification efficiency was 95% and the coefficient of determination was 0.994. The method was tested to find out the relation between symptoms and betasatellite titre in range of severity of OYVMD symptoms; the betasatellite titre increased with increasing severity. Interestingly, the method was able to detect BYVMBs present in apparently healthy plants growing in an infected field at a concentration which was not able to detect in end point PCR. Betasatellite titre was also measured in different ages of leaves and different positions. On average, the betasatellite titre in younger leaves was higher than in mature leaves and there were no significant variations in betasatellite titre in different position in each leaf. The assay was also tested as a tool to screen for resistant okra varieties; among the eight varieties tested no BYVMBs were detected in variety Maha F1. Varieties TV8 and MI5 had significantly higher copy number than rest of the varieties. The qPCR protocol described in this study is a useful method to detect and quantify BYVMBs in okra, especially for plant samples with betasatellite titre lower than the detection limit of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Jeyaseelan Tharmila
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, JA, 40000, Sri Lanka; Plant Protection Board of Study, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, KY, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - M De Costa Devika
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, KY, 20400, Sri Lanka; Plant Protection Board of Study, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, KY, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Warren Shaw Michael
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Sarkar T, Thankappan R, Mishra GP, Nawade BD. Advances in the development and use of DREB for improved abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crop plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1323-1334. [PMID: 31736537 PMCID: PMC6825097 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses negatively influence the survival, biomass production, and yield of crops. Tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses in plants is regulated by multiple genes responding differently to various stress conditions. Genetic engineering approaches have helped develop transgenic crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance including yields. The dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that modulates the expression of downstream stress-inducible genes, which confer simultaneous tolerance to multiple stresses. This review focuses on advances in the development of DREB transgenic crops and their characterization under various abiotic stress conditions. It further discusses the mechanistic aspects of abiotic stress tolerance, yield gain, the fate of transgenic plants under controlled and field conditions and future research directions toward commercialization of DREB transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 1, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001 India
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570 008 India
| | | | - Gyan P. Mishra
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 1, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001 India
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Bhagwat D. Nawade
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 1, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001 India
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19
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Jeske H. Barcoding of Plant Viruses with Circular Single-Stranded DNA Based on Rolling Circle Amplification. Viruses 2018; 10:E469. [PMID: 30200312 PMCID: PMC6164888 DOI: 10.3390/v10090469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience with a diagnostic technology based on rolling circle amplification (RCA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses, and direct or deep sequencing (Circomics) over the past 15 years is surveyed for the plant infecting geminiviruses, nanoviruses and associated satellite DNAs, which have had increasing impact on agricultural and horticultural losses due to global transportation and recombination-aided diversification. Current state methods for quarantine measures are described to identify individual DNA components with great accuracy and to recognize the crucial role of the molecular viral population structure as an important factor for sustainable plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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20
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Sarkar T, Mogili T, Sivaprasad V. Improvement of abiotic stress adaptive traits in mulberry (Morus spp.): an update on biotechnological interventions. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:214. [PMID: 28669073 PMCID: PMC5494030 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.), being an economically important tree, is cultivated in China, India, Thailand, Brazil, Uzbekistan and other Countries across the globe, for its leaves to feed monophagous mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). The sustainability of silk industry is directly correlated with the production and continuous supply of high-quality mulberry leaves. In India, it is cultivated on large scale in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions under irrigated conditions for silkworm rearing. Drought, low temperature, high salinity and alkalinity, being experienced in widespread areas, are the major abiotic stresses, causing reduction in its potential foliage yield and quality. Further, climate change effects may worsen the productivity of mulberry in near future, not only in India but also across the globe. Although traditional breeding methods contributed immensely towards the development of abiotic stress-tolerant mulberry varieties, still there is lot of scope for implementation of modern genomic and molecular biology tools for accelerating mulberry genetic improvement programmes. This review discusses omics approaches, molecular breeding, plant tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques exploited for mulberry genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance. However, high-throughput biotechnological tools such as RNA interference, virus-induced gene silencing, epigenomics and genome editing tools need to be utilized in mulberry to accelerate the progress of functional genomics. The application of genomic tools such as genetic engineering, marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in breeding programmes can hasten the development of climate resilient and productive mulberry varieties leading to the vertical and horizontal expansion for quality silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India.
| | - Thallapally Mogili
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India
| | - Vankadara Sivaprasad
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India
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