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Faysal Ahmed F, Dola FS, Zohra FT, Rahman SM, Konak JN, Sarkar MAR. Genome-wide identification, classification, and characterization of lectin gene superfamily in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294233. [PMID: 37956187 PMCID: PMC10642848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins found abundantly in plants. Lectin superfamily members have diverse roles, including plant growth, development, cellular processes, stress responses, and defense against microbes. However, the genome-wide identification and functional analysis of lectin genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) remain unexplored. Therefore, we used integrated bioinformatics approaches (IBA) for in-depth genome-wide identification, characterization, and regulatory factor analysis of sweet orange lectin genes. Through genome-wide comparative analysis, we identified a total of 141 lectin genes distributed across 10 distinct gene families such as 68 CsB-Lectin, 13 CsLysin Motif (LysM), 4 CsChitin-Bind1, 1 CsLec-C, 3 CsGal-B, 1 CsCalreticulin, 3 CsJacalin, 13 CsPhloem, 11 CsGal-Lec, and 24 CsLectinlegB.This classification relied on characteristic domain and phylogenetic analysis, showing significant homology with Arabidopsis thaliana's lectin gene families. A thorough analysis unveiled common similarities within specific groups and notable variations across different protein groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the predicted genes' roles in diverse cellular components, metabolic processes, and stress-related regulation. Additionally, network analysis of lectin genes with transcription factors (TFs) identified pivotal regulators like ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, and TCP. The cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) found in sweet orange lectin genes showed their roles in crucial pathways, including light-responsive (LR), stress-responsive (SR), hormone-responsive (HR), and more. These findings will aid in the in-depth molecular examination of these potential genes and their regulatory elements, contributing to targeted enhancements of sweet orange species in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Sumaiya Dola
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohra
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin Naher Konak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of LifeScience, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Song F, Li Z, Wang C, Jiang Y, Wang Z, He L, Ma X, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu J, Wu L. CsMYB15 positively regulates Cs4CL2-mediated lignin biosynthesis during juice sac granulation in navel orange. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223820. [PMID: 37457356 PMCID: PMC10348809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
'Lane Late', a late-maturing navel orange cultivar, is mainly distributed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which matures in the late March of the next year and needs overwintering cultivation. Citrus fruit granulation is a physiological disorder, which is characterized by lignification and dehydration of juice sac cells, seriously affecting the commercial value of citrus fruits. The pre-harvest granulation of late-maturing navel orange is main caused by low temperature in the winter, but its mechanism and regulation pattern remain unclear. In this study, a SG2-type R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CsMYB15, was identified from Citrus sinensis, which was significantly induced by both juice sac granulation and low temperature treatment. Subcellular localization analysis and transcriptional activation assay revealed that CsMYB15 protein was localized to the nucleus, and it exhibited transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Over-expression of CsMYB15 by stable transformation in navel orange calli and transient transformation in kumquat fruits and navel orange juice sacs significantly increased lignin content in the transgenic lines. Further, Yeast one hybrid, EMSA, and LUC assays demonstrated that CsMYB15 directly bound to the Cs4CL2 promoter and activated its expression, thereby causing a high accumulation of lignin in citrus. Taken together, these results elucidated the biological function of CsMYB15 in regulating Cs4CL2-mediated lignin biosynthesis, and provided novel insight into the transcriptional regulation mechanism underlying the juice sac granulation of late-maturing navel orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ligang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Thakur S, Vasudev PG. MYB transcription factors and their role in Medicinal plants. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10995-11008. [PMID: 36074230 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are multi-domain proteins that regulate gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. They are one of the largest families of proteins, which are structurally and functionally diverse. While there are transcription factors that are plant-specific, such as AP2/ERF, B3, NAC, SBP and WRKY, some transcription factors are present in both plants as well as other eukaryotic organisms. MYB transcription factors are widely distributed among all eukaryotes. In plants, the MYB transcription factors are involved in the regulation of numerous functions such as gene regulation in different metabolic pathways especially secondary metabolic pathways, regulation of different signalling pathways of plant hormones, regulation of genes involved in various developmental and morphological processes etc. Out of the thousands of MYB TFs that have been studied in plants, the majority of them have been studied in the model plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa etc. The study of MYBs in other plants, especially medicinal plants, has been comparatively limited. But the increasing demand for medicinal plants for the production of biopharmaceuticals and important bioactive compounds has also increased the need to explore more number of these multifaceted transcription factors which play a significant role in the regulation of secondary metabolic pathways. These studies will ultimately contribute to medicinal plants' research and increased production of secondary metabolites, either through transgenic plants or through synthetic biology approaches. This review compiles studies on MYB transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of diverse functions in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Thakur
- Plant Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 226015, Lucknow, India.
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Plant Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 226015, Lucknow, India
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Shi Y, Li BJ, Su G, Zhang M, Grierson D, Chen KS. Transcriptional regulation of fleshy fruit texture. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1649-1672. [PMID: 35731033 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit texture is a critically important quality characteristic of ripe fruit. Softening is an irreversible process which operates in most fleshy fruits during ripening which, together with changes in color and taste, contributes to improvements in mouthfeel and general attractiveness. Softening results mainly from the expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for cell wall modifications but starch degradation and high levels of flavonoids can also contribute to texture change. Some fleshy fruit undergo lignification during development and post-harvest, which negatively affects eating quality. Excessive softening can also lead to physical damage and infection, particularly during transport and storage which causes severe supply chain losses. Many transcription factors (TFs) that regulate fruit texture by controlling the expression of genes involved in cell wall and starch metabolism have been characterized. Some TFs directly regulate cell wall targets, while others act as part of a broader regulatory program governing several aspects of the ripening process. In this review, we focus on advances in our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing fruit textural change during fruit development, ripening and post-harvest. Potential targets for breeding and future research directions for the control of texture and quality improvement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Shi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bai-Jun Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqing Su
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Kang C, Jiang A, Yang H, Zheng G, Wang Y, Cao J, Sun C. Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou ( Citrus changshanensis) Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923443. [PMID: 35909750 PMCID: PMC9330425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall components, including the water-soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and lignin, were significantly correlated with the granulation process, resulting in the firmness increase of the juice sac. The in situ labeling of the cell wall components indicated the early accumulation of cellulose and high-methylesterified pectin in the outer layer cells, as well as the late accumulation of lignin in the inner layer cells of the juice sac. Several phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acids, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and/or their metabolites, were positively correlated to the granulation level, indicating an active and complex phytohormones metabolism in the granulation process. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 2940 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be positively correlated with the granulation level. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the selected DEGs were mainly involved in the cell wall organization and biogenesis, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and polysaccharide metabolic process. Among these selected genes, those encoding β-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9, cellulose synthase, xyloglucan: xyloglucosyl transferase, xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3, α-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase, expansin, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, endoglucanase and pectate lyase that required for the biosynthesis or structural modification of cell wall were identified. In addition, NAC, MYB, bHLH, and MADS were the top abundant transcription factors (TFs) families positively correlated with the granulation level, while the LOB was the top abundant TFs family negatively correlated with the granulation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anze Jiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guixia Zheng
- Quzhou Kecheng District Chai Family Citrus Professional Cooperative, Quzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kang C, Cao J, Wang Y, Sun C. Advances of section drying in citrus fruit: the metabolic changes, mechanisms and prevention methods. Food Chem 2022; 395:133499. [PMID: 35802975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li X, Huang H, Rizwan HM, Wang N, Jiang J, She W, Zheng G, Pan H, Guo Z, Pan D, Pan T. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Lignin-Related Genes and Transcription Factors during Fruit Development in Pomelo ( Citrus maxima). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:845. [PMID: 35627230 PMCID: PMC9140673 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Juice sac granulation (a physiological disorder) leads to large postharvest losses of pomelo (Citrus maxima). Previous studies have shown that juice sac granulation is closely related to lignin accumulation, while the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder remain elusive in pomelo. Our results showed that the lignin content in NC (near the core) and FC (far away from the core) juice sacs overall increased from 157 DPA (days post anthesis) to 212 DPA and reached a maximum at 212 DPA. Additionally, the lignin content of NC juice sacs was higher than that of FC juice sacs. In this study, we used transcriptome-based weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to address how lignin formation in NC and FC juice sacs is generated during the development of pomelo. After data assembly and bioinformatic analysis, we found a most correlated module (black module) to the lignin content, then we used the 11 DEGs in this module as hub genes for lignin biosynthesis. Among these DEGs, PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), HCT (hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase), 4CL2 (4-coumarate: CoA ligase), C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase), C3'H (p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase), and CCoAOMT1 (caffeoyl CoA 3-Omethyltransferase) were the most distinct DEGs in granulated juice sacs. Co-expression analysis revealed that the expression patterns of several transcription factors such as MYB, NAC, OFP6, and bHLH130 are highly correlated with lignin formation. In addition, the expression patterns of the DEGs related to lignin biosynthesis and transcription factors were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results were highly concordant with the RNA-seq results. These results would be beneficial for further studies on the molecular mechanism of lignin accumulation in pomelo juice sacs and would help with citrus breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Hantang Huang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Naiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Wenqin She
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Heli Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Zhixiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Dongming Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (H.M.R.); (N.W.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (G.Z.); (H.P.); (Z.G.); (T.P.)
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Li Z, Wu L, Wang C, Wang Y, He L, Wang Z, Ma X, Bai F, Feng G, Liu J, Jiang Y, Song F. Characterization of pectin methylesterase gene family and its possible role in juice sac granulation in navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:185. [PMID: 35249536 PMCID: PMC8900419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus is one of the most important fresh fruit crops worldwide. Juice sac granulation is a physiological disorder, which leads to a reduction in soluble solid concentration, total sugar, and titratable acidity of citrus fruits. Pectin methylesterase (PME) catalyzes the de-methylesterification of homogalacturonans and plays crucial roles in cell wall modification during plant development and fruit ripening. Although PME family has been well investigated in various model plants, little is known regarding the evolutionary property and biological function of PME family genes in citrus. RESULTS In this study, 53 non-redundant PME genes were identified from Citrus sinensis genome, and these PME genes were divided into four clades based on the phylogenetic relationship. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses of gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome localization, gene duplication, and collinearity were performed on CsPME genes, providing important clues for further research on the functions of CsPME genes. The expression profiles of CsPME genes in response to juice sac granulation and low-temperature stress revealed that CsPME genes were involved in the low temperature-induced juice sac granulation in navel orange fruits. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that CsPME genes were localized on the apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and vacuole membrane. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid screening and dual luciferase activity assay revealed that the transcription factor CsRVE1 directly bound to the promoter of CsPME3 and activated its activity. CONCLUSION In summary, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the PME gene family in citrus, and provides a novel insight into the biological functions and regulation patterns of CsPME genes during juice sac granulation of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China.,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Ce Wang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ligang He
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Fuxi Bai
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Guizhi Feng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China.
| | - Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China.
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Boersma MR, Patrick RM, Jillings SL, Shaipulah NFM, Sun P, Haring MA, Dudareva N, Li Y, Schuurink RC. ODORANT1 targets multiple metabolic networks in petunia flowers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1134-1151. [PMID: 34863006 PMCID: PMC9306810 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Scent bouquets produced by the flowers of Petunia spp. (petunia) are composed of a complex mixture of floral volatile benzenoid and phenylpropanoid compounds (FVBPs), which are specialized metabolites derived from phenylalanine (Phe) through an interconnected network of enzymes. The biosynthesis and emission of high levels of these volatiles requires coordinated transcriptional activation of both primary and specialized metabolic networks. The petunia R2R3-MYB transcription factor ODORANT 1 (ODO1) was identified as a master regulator of FVBP production and emission; however, our knowledge of the direct regulatory targets of ODO1 has remained limited. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) in petunia flowers, we identify genome-wide ODO1-bound genes that are enriched not only in genes involved in the biosynthesis of the Phe precursor, as previously reported, but also genes associated with the specialized metabolic pathways involved in generating phenylpropanoid intermediates for FVBPs. ODO1-bound genes are also involved in methionine and S-adenosylmethionine metabolism, which could modulate methyl group supplies for certain FVBPs. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and RNA-seq analysis in an ODO1 RNAi knockdown line revealed that ODO1-bound targets are expressed at lower levels when ODO1 is suppressed. A cis-regulatory motif, CACCAACCCC, was identified as a potential binding site for ODO1 in the promoters of genes that are both bound and activated by ODO1, which was validated by in planta promoter reporter assays with wild-type and mutated promoters. Overall, our work presents a mechanistic model for ODO1 controlling an extensive gene regulatory network that contributes to FVBP production to give rise to floral scent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R. Boersma
- Green Life Sciences Research ClusterSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
- Green BiotechnologyInholland University of Applied SciencesAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Ryan M. Patrick
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Sonia L. Jillings
- Green Life Sciences Research ClusterSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Nur Fariza M. Shaipulah
- Green Life Sciences Research ClusterSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
- Present address:
Faculty of Science and Marine EnvironmentUniversiti Malaysia Terrengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerrenganuMalaysia
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research ClusterSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Michel A. Haring
- Green Life Sciences Research ClusterSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Robert C. Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research ClusterSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
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10
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Wang H, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhODO1, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, positively regulates cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae via the lignin biosynthesis and jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:580-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Li X, Wang N, She W, Guo Z, Pan H, Yu Y, Ye J, Pan D, Pan T. Identification and Functional Analysis of the CgNAC043 Gene Involved in Lignin Synthesis from Citrusgrandis "San Hong". PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030403. [PMID: 35161384 PMCID: PMC8838788 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Overaccumulation of lignin (a physiological disorder known as granulation) often occurs during fruit ripening and postharvest storage in pomelo (Citrus grandis). It causes an unpleasant fruit texture and taste. Previous studies have shown that lignin metabolism is closely associated with the process of juice sacs granulation. At present, the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified and isolated a candidate NAC transcription factor, CgNAC043, that is involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in Citrus grandis, which has homologs in Arabidopsis and other plants. We used the fruit juice sacs of 'San hong' as the material, the staining for lignin with HCl-phloroglucinol of fruit juice sacs became dark red from the various developmental stages at 172 to 212 days post anthesis (DPA). The RT-qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression of CgNAC043 and its target gene CgMYB46 in fruit sacs, it was found that the expression trend of CgNAC043 was basically same as CgMYB46, which increased gradually and peaked at 212 DPA. The expression level of CgNAC043 in juice sacs obtained away from the core was the lowest, while those near the core and granulated area were highly expressed. The transcriptional activation activity of CgNAC043 and CgMYB46 was analyzed by a yeast two-hybrid system, with only CgNAC043 showing transcriptional activation activity in Y2H Gold yeast. A transformation vector, p1301- CgNAC043, was transformed into the mesocarp of 'San hong' by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Results showed that the expression of transcription factors CgMYB58 and CgMYB46 are all upregulated. Further experiments proved that CgNAC043 not only can directly trans-activate the promoter of CgMYB46 but also trans-activate the promoters for the lignin biosynthesis-related genes CgCCoAOMT and CgC3H by dual luciferase assay. We isolated the CgNAC043 gene in pomelo and found CgNAC043 regulates target genes conferring the regulation of juice sacs granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Naiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wenqin She
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhixiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Heli Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Pinghe County, Zhangzhou 363700, China;
| | - Dongming Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
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12
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Mitochondria: Key Organelles Accelerating Cell Wall Material Accumulation in Juice Sacs of Pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) Fruits during Postharvest Storage. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/2433994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulation is a physiological disorder of juice sacs in citrus fruits, which develops through secondary cell wall formation. However, the synergistic changes in the cytoplasm of juice sac cells remain largely unknown. This study investigated the dynamic ultrastructure of juice sacs of “Guanxi” pummelo fruits by transmission electron microscopy and determined their cell wall material, soluble sugar, and organic acid contents. The results showed that lignin and hemicellulose are accumulated in juice sacs isolated from dorsal vascular bundles, while lignin and cellulose contribute to the granulation of juice sacs isolated from septal vascular bundles. The significant differences in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents between the two types of juice sacs began to be observed at 30 days of storage. Fructose levels were elevated in juice sacs isolated from the dorsal vascular bundles from 10 to 60 days. Sucrose contents significantly decreased in juice sacs isolated from the septal vascular bundles from 30 to 60 days. Meanwhile glucose, citric acid, and malic acid contents exhibited no apparent changes in both types of juice sacs. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the ultrastructure of both types of juice sacs, it was clearly found that plasma membrane ruptures induce cell wall material synthesis in intracellular spaces; however, cell wall substance contents did not significantly increase until the number of mitochondria sharply increased. In particular, sucrose contents began to decrease significantly just after the mitochondria amount largely increased in juice sacs isolated from the septal vascular bundles, indicating that mitochondria play a key role in regulating carbon source sugar partitioning for cell wall component synthesis.
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13
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Zhang H, Chen J, Peng Z, Shi M, Liu X, Wen H, Jiang Y, Cheng Y, Xu J, Zhang H. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic analysis reveals a transcriptional regulation network for the biosynthesis of carotenoids and flavonoids in 'Cara cara' navel Orange. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:29. [PMID: 33413111 PMCID: PMC7792078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids and flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants, which exert multiple bioactivities and benefits to human health. Although the genes that encode carotenogenesis and flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes are well characterized, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that are related to the pathway genes remain to be investigated. In this study, 'Cara cara' navel orange (CNO) fruit at four development stages were used to identify the key genes and TFs for carotenoids and flavonoids accumulation. RESULTS In this study, CNO was used to investigate the profiles of carotenoids and flavonoids by a combination of metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. The important stage for the accumulation of the major carotenoid, lycopene was found to be at 120 days after florescence (DAF). The transcripts of five carotenogenesis genes were highly correlated with lycopene contents, and 16, 40, 48, 24 and 18 transcription factors (TFs) were predicted to potentially bind 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS1), deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS2), phytoene synthase (PSY1) and lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) promoters, respectively. Narirutin was the most abundant flavonoid in the flesh at the early stages, 60 DAF was the most important stage for the accumulation of flavonoids, and 17, 22, 14, 25, 24 and 16 TFs could potentially bind phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL-1 and PAL-4), 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL-2 and 4CL-5), chalcone synthase (CHS-1) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) promoters, respectively. Furthermore, both sets of 15 candidate TFs might regulate at least three key genes and contribute to carotenoids/flavonoids accumulation in CNO fruit. Finally, a hierarchical model for the regulatory network among the pathway genes and TFs was proposed. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that DXS1, DXR, GGPPS2, PSY1 and LCYB genes were the most important genes for carotenoids accumulation, while PAL-1, PAL-4, 4CL-2, 4CL-5, CHS-1 and CHI for flavonoids biosynthesis. A total of 24 TFs were postulated as co-regulators in both pathways directly, which might play important roles in carotenoids and flavonoids accumulation in CNO fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Shi M, Liu X, Zhang H, He Z, Yang H, Chen J, Feng J, Yang W, Jiang Y, Yao JL, Deng CH, Xu J. The IAA- and ABA-responsive transcription factor CgMYB58 upregulates lignin biosynthesis and triggers juice sac granulation in pummelo. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:139. [PMID: 32922811 PMCID: PMC7458917 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, lignin overaccumulation in the juice sac results in granulation and an unpleasant fruit texture and taste. By integrating metabolic phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses, we found 702 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 24 transcription factors (TFs), to be significantly correlated with lignin content. CgMYB58 was further identified as a critical R2R3 MYB TF involved in lignin overaccumulation owing to its high transcript levels in Huanong Red-fleshed pummelo (HR, Citrus grandis) fruits. Transient expression of CgMYB58 led to an increase in the lignin content in the pummelo fruit mesocarp, whereas its stable overexpression significantly promoted lignin accumulation and upregulated 19 lignin biosynthetic genes. Among these genes, CgPAL1, CgPAL2, Cg4CL1, and CgC3H were directly modulated by CgMYB58 through interaction with their promoter regions. Moreover, we showed that juice sac granulation in pummelo fruits could be affected by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. In HR pummelo, ABA significantly accelerated this granulation, whereas IAA effectively inhibited this process. Taken together, these results provide novel insight into the lignin accumulation mechanism in citrus fruits. We also revealed the theoretical basis via exogenous IAA application, which repressed the expression of CgMYB58 and its target genes, thus alleviating juice sac granulation in orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Youwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Hong Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
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15
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Xie G, Feng Y, Chen Y, Zhang M. Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and Ethylene on Postharvest Lignification of Common Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8659-8666. [PMID: 32337429 PMCID: PMC7178773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment can inhibit the lignification of fruits and vegetables. The mode of action of 1-MCP is through inhibiting ethylene production, but the effect of 1-MCP and ethylene on lignification of common beans remains unknown. This work compared the effect of 0.5 μL L-1 1-MCP and 100 μL L-1 ethylene on the lignification of common beans during storage. Postharvest 1-MCP significantly inhibited the increase of the lignified cell group, sclerenchyma became thicker, vascular bundles thickened, and lignified cells grew during storage, while ethylene was the opposite. 1-MCP inhibited the increase in the respiration rate, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD), whereas ethylene increased all of them. Ethylene treatment stimulated and 1-MCP inhibited the decline of reducing sugar and cellulose content. Expression of genes, including PvACO1, PvAOG1, PvSuSy2, PvPAL3, Pv4CL1, and PvCOMT1, with the lignin content being significantly increased in common beans during storage. 1-MCP treatment markedly inhibited the expression of PvACO1, PvSuSy2, PvPAL3, Pv4CL1, and PvCOMT1 genes, while strengthened the expression of PvETR1 and PvAOG1, while ethylene was the opposite. This work provides evidence that ethylene or abscisic acid (ABA) may play an important role in 1-MCP regulation of postharvest lignification in common beans and provides strategies for preserving the quality of fruits and vegetables during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation
in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation
Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College
of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingchun Feng
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation
in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation
Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College
of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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16
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Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Metabolic and Molecular Pathways Related to Fruit Sac Granulation in a Late-Ripening Navel Orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010095. [PMID: 31940826 PMCID: PMC7020443 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lanelate navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) is a late-ripening citrus cultivar increasingly planted in China. The physiological disorder juice sac granulation often occurs in the fruit before harvest, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder remain elusive. In this study, we found that fruit granulation of the late-ripening navel orange in the Three Gorges area is mainly caused by the low winter temperature in high altitude areas. Besides, dynamic changes of water content in the fruit after freezing were clarified. The granulation of fruit juice sacs resulted in increases in cell wall cellulose and decreases in soluble solid content, and the cells gradually became shrivelled and hollow. Meanwhile, the contents of pectin, cellulose, and lignin in juice sac increased with increasing degrees of fruit granulation. The activities of pectin methylesterase (PME) and the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased, while those of polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulose (CL) decreased. Furthermore, a total of 903 differentially expressed genes were identified in the granulated fruit as compared with non-disordered fruit using RNA-sequencing, most of which were enriched in nine metabolic pathways, and qRT-PCR results suggested that the juice sac granulation is closely related to cell wall metabolism. In addition, the expression of PME involved in pectin decomposition was up-regulated, while that of PG was down-regulated. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamol dehydrogenase (CAD), and POD related to lignin synthesis were up-regulated, while CL involved in cellulose decomposition was down-regulated. The expression patterns of these genes were in line with those observed in low-temperature treatment as revealed by qRT-PCR, further confirming that low winter temperature is associated with the fruit granulation of late-ripening citrus. Accordingly, low temperature would aggravate the granulation by affecting cell wall metabolism of late-ripening citrus fruit.
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