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Ricciardi V, Crespan M, Maddalena G, Migliaro D, Brancadoro L, Maghradze D, Failla O, Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G. Novel loci associated with resistance to downy and powdery mildew in grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1386225. [PMID: 38584944 PMCID: PMC10998452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Among the main challenges in current viticulture, there is the increasing demand for sustainability in the protection from fungal diseases, such as downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM). Breeding disease-resistant grapevine varieties is a key strategy for better managing fungicide inputs. This study explores the diversity of grapevine germplasm (cultivated and wild) from Caucasus and neighboring areas to identify genotypes resistant to DM and PM, based on 13 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci and phenotypical (artificial pathogen inoculation) analysis, and to identify loci associated with DM and PM resistance, via Genome-Wide Association Analysis (GWAS) on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) profiles. SSR analysis revealed resistant alleles for 16 out of 88 genotypes. Phenotypic data identified seven DM and 31 PM resistant genotypes. GWAS identified two new loci associated with DM resistance, located on chromosome 15 and 16 (designated as Rpv36 and Rpv37), and two with PM resistance, located on chromosome 6 and 17 (designated as Ren14 and Ren15). The four novel loci identified genomic regions rich in genes related to biotic stress response, such as genes involved in pathogen recognition, signal transduction and resistance response. This study highlights potential candidate genes associated with resistance to DM and PM, providing valuable insights for breeding programs for resistant varieties. To optimize their utilization, further functional characterization studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manna Crespan
- Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura e l'Enologia, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Migliaro
- Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura e l'Enologia, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - David Maghradze
- Faculty of Viticulture-Winemaking, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Biosystems Engineering, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Boso S, Gago P, Santiago JL, Muñoz-Organero G, Cabello F, Puertas B, Puig A, Domingo C, Valdés ME, Moreno D, Diaz-Losada E, Cibriain JF, Dañobeitia-Artabe O, Rubio-Cano JA, Martínez-Gascueña J, Mena-Morales A, Chirivella C, Usón JJ, Martínez MC. Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2638. [PMID: 37514253 PMCID: PMC10383808 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020-2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Boso
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Gago
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
| | - José-Luis Santiago
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
| | - Gregorio Muñoz-Organero
- Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Ctra. A-2 km 38, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Félix Cabello
- Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Ctra. A-2 km 38, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera y de la Producción Ecológica, Ctra. Cañada de la Loba (CA-3101) Pk. 3.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Anna Puig
- Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine-Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
| | - Carme Domingo
- Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine-Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
| | - M Esperanza Valdés
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Food and Agriculture, Technology Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Food and Agriculture, Technology Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Emilia Diaz-Losada
- Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Galicia (EVEGA), Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32419 Leiro, Spain
| | - José F Cibriain
- Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Navarra (EVENA), C. del Valle de Orba, 34, 31390 Olite, Spain
| | | | - José-Antonio Rubio-Cano
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACYL), Finca Zamadueñas, Ctra. Burgos km. 119, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Gascueña
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
| | - Adela Mena-Morales
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
| | - Camilo Chirivella
- Servicio de Producción Ecológica e Innovación, Instituto Tecnológico de Viticultura y Enología, Av. del General Pereyra, 4, 46340 Requena, Spain
| | - Jesús-Juan Usón
- Centro Transferencia Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Avda. de Movera S/N, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Martínez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
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Li P, Tan X, Liu R, Rahman FU, Jiang J, Sun L, Fan X, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang Y. QTL detection and candidate gene analysis of grape white rot resistance by interspecific grape ( Vitis vinifera L. × Vitis davidii Foex.) crossing. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad063. [PMID: 37249950 PMCID: PMC10208900 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grape white rot, a devastating disease of grapevines caused by Coniella diplodiella (Speg.) Sacc., leads to significant yield losses in grape. Breeding grape cultivars resistant to white rot is essential to reduce the regular use of chemical treatments. In recent years, Chinese grape species have gained more attention for grape breeding due to their high tolerance to various biotic and abiotic factors along with changing climatic conditions. In this study, we employed whole-genome resequencing (WGR) to genotype the parents of 'Manicure Finger' (Vitis vinifera, female) and '0940' (Vitis davidii, male), along with 101 F1 mapping population individuals, thereby constructing a linkage genetic map. The linkage map contained 9337 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with an average marker distance of 0.3 cM. After 3 years of phenotypic evaluation of the progeny for white rot resistance, we confirmed one stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for white rot resistance on chromosome 3, explaining up to 17.9% of the phenotypic variation. For this locus, we used RNA-seq to detect candidate gene expression and identified PR1 as a candidate gene involved in white rot resistance. Finally, we demonstrated that recombinant PR1 protein could inhibit the growth of C. diplodiella and that overexpression of PR1 in susceptible V. vinifera increased grape resistance to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xibei Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruitao Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Faiz Ur Rahman
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jianfu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiucai Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Ilnitskaya ET, Makarkina MV, Toкmakov SV, Naumova LG. DNA marker identification of downy mildew resistance locus Rpv10 in grapevine genotypes. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:129-134. [PMID: 37063517 PMCID: PMC10097596 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common and harmful diseases of grapevine is downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera, the basis of high-quality viticulture, are mainly not resistant to downy mildew. Varieties with natural resistance to downy mildew belong to the vine species of North America and Asia (V. aestivalis, V. berlandieri, V. cinerea, V. labrusca, V. amurensis, etc.), as well as Muscadinia rotundifolia. The breeding of resistant cultivars is based on interspecific crossing. Currently, molecular genetic methods are increasingly used in pre-selection work and directly in breeding. One of the major loci of downy mildew resistance, Rpv10, was first identified in the variety Solaris and was originally inherited from wild V. amurensis. DNA markers that allow detecting Rpv10 in grapevine genotypes are known. We used PCR analysis to search for donors of resistance locus among 30 grape cultivars that, according to their pedigrees, could carry Rpv10. The work was performed using an automatic genetic analyzer, which allows obtaining high-precision data. Rpv10 locus allele, which determines resistance to the downy mildew pathogen, has been detected in 10 genotypes. Fingerprinting of grape cultivars with detected Rpv10 was performed at 6 reference SSR loci. DNA marker analysis revealed the presence of a resistance allele in the cultivar Korinka russkaya, which, according to publicly available data, is the offspring of the cultivar Zarya Severa and cannot carry Rpv10. Using the microsatellite loci polymorphism analysis and the data from VIVC database, it was found that Korinka russkaya is the progeny of the cultivar Severnyi, which is the donor of the resistance locus Rpv10. The pedigree of the grapevine cultivar Korinka russkaya was also clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Ilnitskaya
- North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - M V Makarkina
- North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - S V Toкmakov
- North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - L G Naumova
- Ya.I. Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking - branch of Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Novocherkassk, Russia
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Sun Q, He L, Sun L, Xu HY, Fu YQ, Sun ZY, Zhu BQ, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142139. [PMID: 36938056 PMCID: PMC10014734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining new grapevine varieties with unique aromas has been a long-standing goal of breeders. Norisoprenoids are of particular interest to wine producers and researchers, as these compounds are responsible for the important varietal aromas in wine, characterized by a complex floral and fruity smell, and are likely present in all grape varieties. However, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and candidate genes genetically controlling the norisoprenoid content in grape berry remain unknown. To this end, in this study, we investigated 13 norisoprenoid traits across two years in an F1 population consisting of 149 individuals from a hybrid of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Muscat Alexandria and V. vinifera L. cv. Christmas Rose. Based on 568,953 SNP markers, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 27 candidate SNP loci belonging to 18 genes were significantly associated with the concentrations of norisoprenoid components in grape berry. Among them, 13 SNPs were confirmed in a grapevine germplasm population comprising 97 varieties, including two non-synonymous mutations SNPs within the VvDXS1 and VvGGPPS genes, respectively in the isoprenoid metabolic pathway. Genotype analysis showed that the grapevine individuals with the heterozygous genotype C/T at chr5:2987350 of VvGGPPS accumulated higher average levels of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and β-cyclocitral than those with the homozygous genotype C/C. Furthermore, VvGGPPS was highly expressed in individuals with high norisoprenoids concentrations. Transient overexpression of VvGGPPS in the leaves of Vitis quinquangularis and tobacco resulted in an increase in norisoprenoid concentrations. These findings indicate the importance of VvGGPPS in the genetic control of norisoprenoids in grape berries, serving as a potential molecular breeding target for aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Xu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Qun Fu
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Bettinelli P, Nicolini D, Costantini L, Stefanini M, Hausmann L, Vezzulli S. Towards Marker-Assisted Breeding for Black Rot Bunch Resistance: Identification of a Major QTL in the Grapevine Cultivar 'Merzling'. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043568. [PMID: 36834979 PMCID: PMC9961920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Black rot (BR), caused by Guignardia bidwellii, is an emergent fungal disease threatening viticulture and affecting several mildew-tolerant varieties. However, its genetic bases are not fully dissected yet. For this purpose, a segregating population derived from the cross 'Merzling' (hybrid, resistant) × 'Teroldego' (V. vinifera, susceptible) was evaluated for BR resistance at the shoot and bunch level. The progeny was genotyped with the GrapeReSeq Illumina 20K SNPchip, and 7175 SNPs were combined with 194 SSRs to generate a high-density linkage map of 1677 cM. The QTL analysis based on shoot trials confirmed the previously identified Resistance to Guignardia bidwellii (Rgb)1 locus on chromosome 14, which explained up to 29.2% of the phenotypic variance, reducing the genomic interval from 2.4 to 0.7 Mb. Upstream of Rgb1, this study revealed a new QTL explaining up to 79.9% of the variance for bunch resistance, designated Rgb3. The physical region encompassing the two QTLs does not underlie annotated resistance (R)-genes. The Rgb1 locus resulted enriched in genes belonging to phloem dynamics and mitochondrial proton transfer, while Rgb3 presented a cluster of pathogenesis-related Germin-like protein genes, promoters of the programmed cell death. These outcomes suggest a strong involvement of mitochondrial oxidative burst and phloem occlusion in BR resistance mechanisms and provide new molecular tools for grapevine marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bettinelli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Daniela Nicolini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Laura Costantini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Ludger Hausmann
- JKI Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vezzulli
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0461-615387
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Tello J, Ibáñez J. Review: Status and prospects of association mapping in grapevine. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111539. [PMID: 36410567 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to current advances in sequencing technologies, novel bioinformatics tools, and efficient modeling solutions, association mapping has become a widely accepted approach to unravel the link between genotype and phenotype diversity in numerous crops. In grapevine, this strategy has been used in the last decades to understand the genetic basis of traits of agronomic interest (fruit quality, crop yield, biotic and abiotic resistance), of special relevance nowadays to improve crop resilience to cope with future climate scenarios. Genome-wide association studies have identified many putative causative loci for different traits, some of them overlapping well-known causal genes identified by conventional quantitative trait loci studies in biparental progenies, and/or validated by functional approaches. In addition, candidate-gene association studies have been useful to pinpoint the causal mutation underlying phenotypic variation for several traits of high interest in breeding programs (like berry color, seedlessness, and muscat flavor), information that has been used to develop highly informative and useful markers already in use in marker-assisted selection processes. Thus, association mapping has proved to represent a valuable step towards high quality and sustainable grape production. This review summarizes current applications of association mapping in grapevine research and discusses future prospects in view of current viticulture challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tello
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño 26007, Spain.
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño 26007, Spain
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Štambuk P, Šikuten I, Preiner D, Maletić E, Karoglan Kontić J, Tomaz I. Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties' VOCs Responses upon Plasmopara viticola Inoculation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:404. [PMID: 36679116 PMCID: PMC9863345 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Plasmopara viticola pathogen causes one of the most severe grapevine diseases, namely downy mildew. The response to P. viticola involves both visible symptoms and intricate metabolomic alterations, particularly in relation to volatile organic compounds, and depends on the degree of resistance of a particular variety. There are numerous native grapevine varieties in Croatia, and they vary in susceptibility to this oomycete. As previously reported, in vitro leaf disc bioassay and polyphenolic compound analysis are complementary methods that can be used to separate native varieties into various resistance classes. This research used the Solid Phase Microextraction-Arrow Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method to identify the early alterations in the VOCs in the leaves after P. viticola inoculation. Based on the absolute peak area of sesquiterpenes, some discrepancies between the sampling terms were noticed. The presence of certain chemical compounds such as humulene, ylangene, and α-farnesene helped distinguish the non-inoculated and inoculated samples. Although specific VOC responses to P. viticola infection of native varieties from various resistance classes could not be identified, the response of less susceptible native varieties and resistant controls was associated with an increase in the absolute peak area of several compounds, including geranylacetone, ß-ocimene, and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Oerke EC, Juraschek L, Steiner U. Hyperspectral mapping of the response of grapevine cultivars to Plasmopara viticola infection at the tissue scale. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:377-395. [PMID: 36173350 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of grapevine to Plasmopara viticola is associated with the hypersensitive reaction, accumulation of stilbenoids, and formation of callose depositions. Spectral characterization of infected leaf tissue of cvs 'Regent' and 'Solaris' with resistance genes Rpv 3-1 and Rpv 10 and Rpv 3-3, respectively, suggested that resistance is not dependent on large-scale necrotization of host tissue. Reactions of the resistant cultivars and a reference susceptible to P. viticola were studied using hyperspectral imaging (range 400-1000 nm) at the tissue level and microscopic techniques. Resistance of both cultivars was incomplete and allowed pathogen reproduction. Spectral vegetation indices characterized the host response to pathogen invasion; the vitality of infected and necrotic leaf tissue differed significantly. Resistance depended on local accumulation of polyphenols in response to haustorium formation and was more effective for cv. 'Solaris'. Although hypersensitive reaction of some cells prevented colonization of palisade parenchyma, resistance was not associated with extensive necrotization of tissue, and the biotrophic pathogen survived localized death of penetrated host cells. Hyperspectral imaging was suitable to characterize and differentiate the resistance reactions of grapevine cultivars by mapping of the cellular response to pathogen attack on the tissue level and yields useful information on host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich-Christian Oerke
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, INRES - Plant Pathology, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Juraschek
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, INRES - Plant Pathology, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steiner
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, INRES - Plant Pathology, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Evaluation of the Characteristics and Infectivity of the Secondary Inoculum Produced by Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine Leaves by Means of Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0101022. [PMID: 36250698 PMCID: PMC9642012 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01010-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola, the oomycete causing grapevine downy mildew, is one of the most important pathogens in viticulture. P. viticola is a polycyclic pathogen, able to carry out numerous secondary cycles of infection during a single vegetative grapevine season, by producing asexual spores (zoospores) within sporangia. The extent of these infections is strongly influenced by both the quantity (density) and quality (infectivity) of the inoculum produced by the pathogen. To date, the protocols for evaluating all these characteristics are quite limited and time-consuming and do not allow all the information to be obtained in a single run. In this study, a protocol combining flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was developed to investigate the composition, the infection efficiency and the dynamics of the inoculum produced by P. viticola for secondary infection cycles. In our analyses, we identified different structures within the inoculum, including degenerated and intact sporangia. The latter have been sorted, and single sporangia were directly inoculated on grapevine leaf discs, thus allowing a thorough investigation of the infection dynamics and efficiency. In detail, we determined that, in our conditions, 8% of sporangia were able to infect the leaves and that on a susceptible variety, the time required by the pathogen to reach 50% of total infection is about 10 days. The analytical approach developed in this study could open a new perspective to shed light on the biology and epidemiology of this important pathogen. IMPORTANCE P. viticola secondary infections contribute significantly to the epidemiology of this important plant pathogen. However, the infection dynamics of asexual spores produced by this organism are still poorly investigated. The main challenges in dissecting the grapevine-P. viticola interaction in vitro are attributable to the biotrophic adaptation of the pathogen. This work provides new insights into the infection efficiency and dynamics imputable to P. viticola sporangia, contributing useful information on grapevine downy mildew epidemiology. Moreover, future applications of the sorting protocol developed in this work could yield a significant and positive impact in the study of P. viticola, providing unmatched resolution, precision, and accuracy compared with the traditional techniques.
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11
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Marone Fassolo E, Lecchi B, Marcianò D, Maddalena G, Toffolatti SL. Pathogen Adaptation to American ( Rpv3-1) and Eurasian ( Rpv29) Grapevine Loci Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2619. [PMID: 36235481 PMCID: PMC9571346 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Durable resistance is a key objective in genetic improvement for disease resistance in grapevines, which must survive for years in the field in the presence of adaptable pathogen populations. In this study, the adaptation of 72 Northern Italian isolates of Plasmopara viticola, the downy mildew agent, has been investigated into Bianca, possessing Rpv3-1, the most frequently exploited resistance locus for genetic improvement, and Mgaloblishvili, a Vitis vinifera variety possessing the newly discovered Rpv29 locus. Infection parameters (latency period, infection frequency, and disease severity) and oospore production and viability were evaluated and compared to those of Pinot noir, the susceptible reference. The expected levels of disease control were achieved by both resistant cultivars (>90% on Bianca; >25% on Mgaloblishvili), despite the high frequency of isolates able to grow on one (28%) or both (46%) accessions. The disease incidence and severity were limited by both resistant cultivars and the strains able to grow on resistant accessions showed signatures of fitness penalties (reduced virulence, infection frequency, and oospore density). Together, these results indicate an adequate pathogen control but suitable practices must be adopted in the field to prevent the diffusion of the partially adapted P. viticola strains to protect resistance genes from erosion.
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12
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Possamai T, Wiedemann-Merdinoglu S. Phenotyping for QTL identification: A case study of resistance to Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator in grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930954. [PMID: 36035702 PMCID: PMC9403010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera is the most widely cultivated grapevine species. It is highly susceptible to Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator, the causal agents of downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM), respectively. Current strategies to control DM and PM mainly rely on agrochemical applications that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Breeding for resistance to DM and PM in wine grape cultivars by introgressing resistance loci from wild Vitis spp. is a complementary and more sustainable solution to manage these two diseases. During the last two decades, 33 loci of resistance to P. viticola (Rpv) and 15 loci of resistance to E. necator (Ren and Run) have been identified. Phenotyping is salient for QTL characterization and understanding the genetic basis of resistant traits. However, phenotyping remains a major bottleneck for research on Rpv and Ren/Run loci and disease resistance evaluation. A thorough analysis of the literature on phenotyping methods used for DM and PM resistance evaluation highlighted phenotyping performed in the vineyard, greenhouse or laboratory with major sources of variation, such as environmental conditions, plant material (organ physiology and age), pathogen inoculum (genetic and origin), pathogen inoculation (natural or controlled), and disease assessment method (date, frequency, and method of scoring). All these factors affect resistance assessment and the quality of phenotyping data. We argue that the use of new technologies for disease symptom assessment, and the production and adoption of standardized experimental guidelines should enhance the accuracy and reliability of phenotyping data. This should contribute to a better replicability of resistance evaluation outputs, facilitate QTL identification, and contribute to streamline disease resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Possamai
- CREA—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
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13
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The Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Gene Whirly ( Why1) with a Strong Pathogen-Induced Promoter from Vitis pseudoreticulata Enhances Resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148052. [PMID: 35887401 PMCID: PMC9315732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera plants are disease-susceptible while Vitis pseudoreticulata plants are disease-resistant; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the single-stranded DNA- and RNA-binding protein gene Whirly (VvWhy1 and VpWhy1) were cloned from V. vinifera "Cabernet Sauvignon" and V. pseudoreticulata "HD1". VvWhy1 and VpWhy1 promoter sequences (pVv and pVp) were also isolated; however, the identity of the promoter sequences was far lower than that between the Why1 coding sequences (CDSs). Both Why1 gene sequences had seven exons and six introns, and they had a C-terminal Whirly conserved domain and N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide, which was then verified to be chloroplast localization. Transcriptional expression showed that VpWhy1 was strongly induced by Plasmopara viticola, while VvWhy1 showed a low expression level. Further, the GUS activity indicated pVp had high activity involved in response to Phytophthora capsici infection. In addition, Nicotiana benthamiana transiently expressing pVp::VvWhy1 and pVp::VpWhy1 enhanced the P. capsici resistance. Moreover, Why1, PR1 and PR10 were upregulated in pVp transgenic N. benthamiana leaves. This research presented a novel insight into disease resistance mechanism that pVp promoted the transcription of Why1, which subsequently regulated the expression of PR1 and PR10, further enhancing the resistance to P. capsici.
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14
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Flutre T, Le Cunff L, Fodor A, Launay A, Romieu C, Berger G, Bertrand Y, Terrier N, Beccavin I, Bouckenooghe V, Roques M, Pinasseau L, Verbaere A, Sommerer N, Cheynier V, Bacilieri R, Boursiquot JM, Lacombe T, Laucou V, This P, Péros JP, Doligez A. A genome-wide association and prediction study in grapevine deciphers the genetic architecture of multiple traits and identifies genes under many new QTLs. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6575896. [PMID: 35485948 PMCID: PMC9258538 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To cope with the challenges facing agriculture, speeding-up breeding programs is a worthy endeavor, especially for perennial species such as grapevine, but requires understanding the genetic architecture of target traits. To go beyond the mapping of quantitative trait loci in bi-parental crosses, we exploited a diversity panel of 279 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars planted in 5 blocks in the vineyard. This panel was phenotyped over several years for 127 traits including yield components, organic acids, aroma precursors, polyphenols, and a water stress indicator. The panel was genotyped for 63k single nucleotide polymorphisms by combining an 18K microarray and genotyping-by-sequencing. The experimental design allowed to reliably assess the genotypic values for most traits. Marker densification via genotyping-by-sequencing markedly increased the proportion of genetic variance explained by single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 2 multi-single nucleotide polymorphism models identified quantitative trait loci not found by a single nucleotide polymorphism-by-single nucleotide polymorphism model. Overall, 489 reliable quantitative trait loci were detected for 41% more response variables than by a single nucleotide polymorphism-by-single nucleotide polymorphism model with microarray-only single nucleotide polymorphisms, many new ones compared with the results from bi-parental crosses. A prediction accuracy higher than 0.42 was obtained for 50% of the response variables. Our overall approach as well as quantitative trait locus and prediction results provide insights into the genetic architecture of target traits. New candidate genes and the application into breeding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Flutre
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE-Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Loïc Le Cunff
- UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France.,IFV, 30240 Le Grau-du-Roi, France
| | - Agota Fodor
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Launay
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Romieu
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Berger
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Bertrand
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nancy Terrier
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Maryline Roques
- UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France.,IFV, 30240 Le Grau-du-Roi, France
| | - Lucie Pinasseau
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Verbaere
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Sommerer
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Roberto Bacilieri
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Boursiquot
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Lacombe
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Laucou
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice This
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Péros
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Doligez
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France.,UMT Géno-Vigne, 34398 Montpellier, France
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15
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Koledenkova K, Esmaeel Q, Jacquard C, Nowak J, Clément C, Ait Barka E. Plasmopara viticola the Causal Agent of Downy Mildew of Grapevine: From Its Taxonomy to Disease Management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889472. [PMID: 35633680 PMCID: PMC9130769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola (P. viticola, Berk. & M. A. Curtis; Berl. & De Toni) causing grapevine downy mildew is one of the most damaging pathogens to viticulture worldwide. Since its recognition in the middle of nineteenth century, this disease has spread from America to Europe and then to all grapevine-growing countries, leading to significant economic losses due to the lack of efficient disease control. In 1885 copper was found to suppress many pathogens, and is still the most effective way to control downy mildews. During the twentieth century, contact and penetrating single-site fungicides have been developed for use against plant pathogens including downy mildews, but wide application has led to the appearance of pathogenic strains resistant to these treatments. Additionally, due to the negative environmental impact of chemical pesticides, the European Union restricted their use, triggering a rush to develop alternative tools such as resistant cultivars breeding, creation of new active ingredients, search for natural products and biocontrol agents that can be applied alone or in combination to kill the pathogen or mitigate its effect. This review summarizes data about the history, distribution, epidemiology, taxonomy, morphology, reproduction and infection mechanisms, symptoms, host-pathogen interactions, host resistance and control of the P. viticola, with a focus on sustainable methods, especially the use of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Koledenkova
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Jerzy Nowak
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Saunders Hall, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christophe Clément
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
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16
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Štambuk P, Šikuten I, Karoglan Kontić J, Maletić E, Preiner D, Tomaz I. Leaf Polyphenolic Profile as a Determinant of Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties' Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836318. [PMID: 35360327 PMCID: PMC8963502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since grapevine is highly susceptible to various pathogens, enormous amounts of pesticides are applied each season to achieve profitable production. One of the most destructive grapevine diseases is downy mildew, and their interaction has been in the spotlight for more than a decade. When it comes to a metabolome level, phenolic compounds are relevant to investigate due to their involvement in the plant immune system and known antifungal properties. Croatian grapevine germplasm is highly heterogeneous due to its long history of cultivation in diversified geographical regions. Since it has been found that native varieties react differently to the infection of Plasmopara viticola, the intention of this study is to define if the chemical background of the leaves, i.e., polyphenolic composition, is responsible for these dissimilarities. Therefore, the leaves of 17 genotypes, among which 14 were native and 3 were controls, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in four terms: before inoculation and 24, 48, and 96 h post inoculation (hpi). During this early phase, significant differences were found neither between the terms nor between the non-inoculated and inoculated samples, except for resveratrol-3-O-glucoside. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) using initial leaf polyphenolic composition, varieties of V. vinifera were clearly separated into three different groups corresponding to their International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) classes of susceptibility to P. viticola. Results obtained in this research suggest that the initial constitutive polyphenolic composition of the cultivar leaves has a crucial influence on their susceptibility to P. viticola, and this finding can be used to improve the success of grapevine breeding programs toward downy mildew resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Ricciardi V, Marcianò D, Sargolzaei M, Marrone Fassolo E, Fracassetti D, Brilli M, Moser M, Vahid SJ, Tavakole E, Maddalena G, Passera A, Casati P, Pindo M, Cestaro A, Costa A, Bonza MC, Maghradze D, Tirelli A, Failla O, Bianco PA, Quaglino F, Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G. Dissecting the susceptibility/resistance mechanism of Vitis vinifera for the future control of downy mildew. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224404002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a species cultivated worldwide for high-quality wine production, is extremely susceptible to the agent of downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola. Nevertheless, germplasm from Georgia (Southern Caucasus, the first grapevine domestication centre), characterized by a high genetic variability, showed resistance traits to P. viticola. The cultivar Mgaloblishvili exhibited the most promising phenotype in terms of resistance against P. viticola. Its defence response results in: i) low disease intensity; ii) low sporulation; iii) damaged mycelium; iv) production of antimicrobial compounds such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), whose effectiveness on the pathogen was evaluated by leafdisc assays. At the transcriptomic level, its resistance mechanism is determined by the differential expression of both resistance and susceptible genes. The resistance genes are related to: i) pathogen recognition through PAMP, DAMP and effector receptors; ii) ethylene signalling pathway; iii) synthesis of antimicrobial compounds (VOCs) and fungal wall degrading enzymes; iv) development of structural barriers (cell wall reinforcement). The first putative susceptible gene was the transcription factor VviLBDIf7 gene, whose validation was carried out by dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) assay. In this work, these unique results on plant-pathogen interaction are reviewed with the aim of developing new strategies to control the disease.
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18
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Marone Fassolo E, Maddalena G, Toffolatti S. Screening for adaptation to resistant grapevine accessions in Plasmopara viticola population of north-eastern Italy. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Possamai T, Wiedemann-Merdinoglu S, Lacombe MC, Dorne MA, Merdinoglu D, De Nardi B, Migliaro D, Velasco R, De Mori G, Cipriani G, Testolin R. Phenotyping and genetic analysis of the Caucasian grape resistance to Erysiphe necator. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Vršič S, Vršič K. ‘Pinore’: The New Red Wine Variety Cross-Bred between ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Regent’ Vines. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122666. [PMID: 34961137 PMCID: PMC8707327 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in varieties that are more tolerant to diseases has emerged, which is mainly due to increased awareness by producers and consumers regarding the impact of phytochemicals in the environment. This paper describes the first Slovenian grapevine variety ‘Pinore’ crossed between the Vitis vinifera L. ‘Pinot Noir’ clone Mf and ‘Regent’ vines. The aim was to create an early ripening grape cultivar that has a good tolerance to biotic stress (e.g., downy and powdery mildew, botrytis) combined with the benefits of established cultivars and their intense wine colors. Some ampelographic characteristics of young shoots, mature leaves, bunches, and berries are presented, and its major agronomic traits, ripening time, grape yield, quality performances, and disease resistance were evaluated over a three-year period (2014–2017). Wine sensory analyses were performed and compared with the international variety ‘Pinot Noir’. The examined genotype showed good agronomic performance and a high wine quality as far as the content of polyphenols is concerned, especially in terms of anthocyanins and tolerance to diseases (Ren3/9 and Rpv3.1); it is significantly different compared to the reference variety ‘Pinot Noir’. In terms of ampelographic characteristics, the main differences are in the number of leaf lobes, the depth of the lateral sinuses, and the content of anthocyanins in its flesh. The investigated genotype has been proposed to the Committee of new varieties in Slovenia for the variety recognition procedure, and completion of the procedure planned for the end of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko Vršič
- University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Klemen Vršič
- Fabijan Lab, Laboratory Services, Vosek 6e, 2231 Pernica, Slovenia;
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21
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Possamai T, Wiedemann-Merdinoglu S, Merdinoglu D, Migliaro D, De Mori G, Cipriani G, Velasco R, Testolin R. Construction of a high-density genetic map and detection of a major QTL of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Sch.) in Caucasian grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:528. [PMID: 34763660 PMCID: PMC8582213 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitis vinifera L. is the most cultivated grapevine species worldwide. Erysiphe necator Sch., the causal agent of grape powdery mildew, is one of the main pathogens affecting viticulture. V. vinifera has little or no genetic resistances against E. necator and the grape industry is highly dependent on agrochemicals. Some Caucasian V. vinifera accessions have been reported to be resistant to E. necator and to have no genetic relationships to known sources of resistance to powdery mildew. The main purpose of this work was the study and mapping of the resistance to E. necator in the Caucasian grapes 'Shavtsitska' and 'Tskhvedianis tetra'. RESULTS The Caucasian varieties 'Shavtsitska' and 'Tskhvedianis tetra' showed a strong partial resistance to E. necator which segregated in two cross populations: the resistant genotypes delayed and limited the pathogen mycelium growth, sporulation intensity and number of conidia generated. A total of 184 seedlings of 'Shavtsitska' x 'Glera' population were genotyped through the Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technology and two high-density linkage maps were developed for the cross parents. The QTL analysis revealed a major resistance locus, explaining up to 80.15% of the phenotypic variance, on 'Shavtsitska' linkage group 13, which was associated with a reduced pathogen infection as well as an enhanced plant necrotic response. The genotyping of 105 Caucasian accessions with SSR markers flanking the QTL revealed that the resistant haplotype of 'Shavtsitska' was shared by 'Tskhvedianis tetra' and a total of 25 Caucasian grape varieties, suggesting a widespread presence of this resistance in the surveyed germplasm. The uncovered QTL was mapped in the region where the Ren1 locus of resistance to E. necator, identified in the V. vinifera 'Kishmish vatkana' and related grapes of Central Asia, is located. The genetic analysis conducted revealed that the Caucasian grapes in this study exhibit a resistant haplotype different from that of Central Asian grape accessions. CONCLUSIONS The QTL isolated in 'Shavtsitska' and present in the Caucasian V. vinifera varieties could be a new candidate gene of resistance to E. necator to use in breeding programmes. It co-localizes with the Ren1 locus but shows a different haplotype from that of grapevines of Central Asia. We therefore consider that the Caucasian resistance locus, named Ren1.2, contains a member of a cluster of R-genes, of which the region is rich, and to be linked with, or possibly allelic, to Ren1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Possamai
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- CREA - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy.
| | | | - Didier Merdinoglu
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR-A 1131, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000, Colmar, France
| | - Daniele Migliaro
- CREA - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Gloria De Mori
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Guido Cipriani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- CREA - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Raffaele Testolin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Science & Technology Park "Luigi Danieli", via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
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22
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Wingerter C, Eisenmann B, Weber P, Dry I, Bogs J. Grapevine Rpv3-, Rpv10- and Rpv12-mediated defense responses against Plasmopara viticola and the impact of their deployment on fungicide use in viticulture. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:470. [PMID: 34649524 PMCID: PMC8515710 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high susceptibility of European grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera) to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) leads to the intensive use of fungicides in viticulture. To reduce this input, breeding programs have introgressed resistance loci from wild Vitis species into V. vinifera, resulting in new fungus-resistant grapevine cultivars (FRC). However, little is known about how these different resistance loci confer resistance and what the potential reduction in fungicide applications are likely to be if these FRCs are deployed. To ensure a durable and sustainable resistance management and breeding, detailed knowledge about the different defense mechanisms mediated by the respective Rpv (Resistance to P. viticola) resistance loci is essential. RESULTS A comparison of the resistance mechanisms mediated by the Rpv3-1, Rpv10 and/or Rpv12-loci revealed an early onset of programmed cell death (PCD) at 8 hours post infection (hpi) in Rpv12-cultivars and 12 hpi in Rpv10-cultivars, whereas cell death was delayed in Rpv3-cultivars and was not observed until 28 hpi. These temporal differences correlated with an increase in the trans-resveratrol level and the formation of hydrogen peroxide shortly before onset of PCD. The differences in timing of onset of Rpv-loci specific defense reactions following downy mildew infection could be responsible for the observed differences in hyphal growth, sporulation and cultivar-specific susceptibility to this pathogen in the vineyard. Hereby, Rpv3- and Rpv12/Rpv3-cultivars showed a potential for a significant reduction of fungicide applications, depending on the annual P. viticola infection pressure and the Rpv-loci. Furthermore, we report on the discovery of a new P. viticola isolate that is able to overcome both Rpv3- and Rpv12-mediated resistance. CONCLUSION This study reveals that differences in the timing of the defense reaction mediated by the Rpv3-, Rpv10- and Rpv12-loci, result in different degrees of natural resistance to downy mildew in field. Vineyard trials demonstrate that Rpv12/Rpv3- and Rpv3-cultivars are a powerful tool to reduce the dependence of grape production on fungicide applications. Furthermore, this study indicates the importance of sustainable breeding and plant protection strategies based on resistant grapevine cultivars to reduce the risk of new P. viticola isolates that are able to overcome the respective resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Wingerter
- State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development, Neustadt/Weinstr, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Eisenmann
- State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development, Neustadt/Weinstr, Germany
| | - Patricia Weber
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ian Dry
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Jochen Bogs
- State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development, Neustadt/Weinstr, Germany
- Technische Hochschule Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
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Maddalena G, Russo G, Toffolatti SL. The Study of the Germination Dynamics of Plasmopara viticola Oospores Highlights the Presence of Phenotypic Synchrony With the Host. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698586. [PMID: 34305864 PMCID: PMC8297619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant disease onset is a complex event that occurs when the pathogen and the host encounter in a favorable environment. While the plant–pathogen interaction has been much investigated, little attention has been given to the phenological synchrony of the event, especially when both plant and pathogen overwinter, as in the case of grapevines and the downy mildew agent, the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. Oospores allow this obligate parasite to survive grapevine dormancy and, germinating, produce inoculum for primary infections. During overwintering, environmental factors influence the potential oospore germination. This study aimed at investigating the existence of synchrony between the pathogen and the host by identifying and quantifying the most important factors determining oospore maturation and germination and the relationship existing with grapevine phenology. Generalized linear models (GLM and GLMM) were used to analyze the germination dynamics of the oospores overwintered in controlled and field conditions and incubated in isothermal conditions, and oospore viability tests were carried out at different time points. Results showed that the most indicative parameter to describe the germination dynamics is the time spent by the oospores from the start of overwintering. The oospores overwintered in field showed phenological traits related to grapevine phenology not observed in controlled conditions. In particular, they completed the maturation period by the end of grapevine dormancy and germinated more rapidly at plant sprouting, when grapevine reaches susceptibility. Overall, the oospores proved to be able to modulate their behavior in close relationship with grapevine, showing a great adaptation to the host’s phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Ordine dei Dottori Agronomi e Forestali di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia L Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Qu J, Dry I, Liu L, Guo Z, Yin L. Transcriptional profiling reveals multiple defense responses in downy mildew-resistant transgenic grapevine expressing a TIR-NBS-LRR gene located at the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:161. [PMID: 34193844 PMCID: PMC8245497 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew (DM) is a destructive oomycete disease of viticulture worldwide. MrRPV1 is a typical TIR-NBS-LRR type DM disease resistance gene cloned from the wild North American grapevine species Muscadinia rotundifolia. However, the molecular basis of resistance mediated by MrRPV1 remains poorly understood. Downy mildew-susceptible Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz was transformed with a genomic fragment containing MrRPV1 to produce DM-resistant transgenic Shiraz lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis was used to compare the transcriptome profiles of the resistant and susceptible genotypes after DM infection. Transcriptome modulation during the response to P. viticola infection was more rapid, and more genes were induced in MrRPV1-transgenic Shiraz than in wild-type plants. In DM-infected MrRPV1-transgenic plants, activation of genes associated with Ca2+ release and ROS production was the earliest transcriptional response. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that key genes related to multiple phytohormone signaling pathways and secondary metabolism were highly induced during infection. Coexpression network and motif enrichment analysis showed that WRKY and MYB transcription factors strongly coexpress with stilbene synthase (VvSTS) genes during defense against P. viticola in MrRPV1-transgenic plants. Taken together, these findings indicate that multiple pathways play important roles in MrRPV1-mediated resistance to downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Ian Dry
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Wine Innovation West Building, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Lulu Liu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zexi Guo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China.
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25
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Marcianò D, Ricciardi V, Marone Fassolo E, Passera A, Bianco PA, Failla O, Casati P, Maddalena G, De Lorenzis G, Toffolatti SL. RNAi of a Putative Grapevine Susceptibility Gene as a Possible Downy Mildew Control Strategy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667319. [PMID: 34127927 PMCID: PMC8196239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the diseases causing the most severe economic losses to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) production. To date, the application of fungicides is the most efficient method to control the pathogen and the implementation of novel and sustainable disease control methods is a major challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel biotechnological tool with a great potential for controlling fungal pathogens. Recently, a candidate susceptibility gene (VviLBDIf7) to downy mildew has been identified in V. vinifera. In this work, the efficacy of RNAi triggered by exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in controlling P. viticola infections has been assessed in a highly susceptible grapevine cultivar (Pinot noir) by knocking down VviLBDIf7 gene. The effects of dsRNA treatment on this target gene were assessed by evaluating gene expression, disease severity, and development of vegetative and reproductive structures of P. viticola in the leaf tissues. Furthermore, the effects of dsRNA treatment on off-target (EF1α, GAPDH, PEPC, and PEPCK) and jasmonic acid metabolism (COI1) genes have been evaluated. Exogenous application of dsRNA led to significant reductions both in VviLBDIf7 gene expression, 5 days after the treatment, and in the disease severity when artificial inoculation was carried out 7 days after dsRNA treatments. The pathogen showed clear alterations to both vegetative (hyphae and haustoria) and reproductive structures (sporangiophores) that resulted in stunted growth and reduced sporulation. Treatment with dsRNA showed signatures of systemic activity and no deleterious off-target effects. These results demonstrated the potential of RNAi for silencing susceptibility factors in grapevine as a sustainable strategy for pathogen control, underlying the possibility to adopt this promising biotechnological tool in disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Štambuk P, Šikuten I, Preiner D, Nimac A, Lazarević B, Marković Z, Maletić E, Kontić JK, Tomaz I. Screening of Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties for Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola Using Leaf Disc Bioassay, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Multispectral Imaging. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040661. [PMID: 33808401 PMCID: PMC8067117 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the era of sustainable grapevine production, there is a growing demand to define differences between Vitis vinifera varieties in susceptibility to downy mildew. Croatia, as a country with a long tradition of grapevine cultivation, preserves a large number of native grapevine varieties. A leaf disc bioassay has been conducted on 25 of them to define their response to downy mildew, according to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) descriptor 452-1, together with the stress response of the leaf discs using chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging with 11 parameters included. Time points of measurement were as follows: before treatment (T0), one day post-inoculation (dpi) (T1), two dpi (T2), three dpi (T3), four dpi (T4), six dpi (T5), and eight dpi (T6). Visible changes in form of developed Plasmopara viticola (P. viticola) sporulation were evaluated on the seventh day upon inoculation. Results show that methods applied here distinguish varieties of different responses to downy mildew. Based on the results obtained, a phenotyping model in the absence of the pathogen is proposed, which is required to confirm by conducting more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Nimac
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvjezdana Marković
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
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27
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Pirrello C, Zeilmaker T, Bianco L, Giacomelli L, Moser C, Vezzulli S. Mining Grapevine Downy Mildew Susceptibility Genes: A Resource for Genomics-Based Breeding and Tailored Gene Editing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:181. [PMID: 33525704 PMCID: PMC7912118 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathogens continuously threaten viticulture worldwide. Until now, the investigation on resistance loci has been the main trend to understand the interaction between grapevine and the mildew causal agents. Dominantly inherited gene-based resistance has shown to be race-specific in some cases, to confer partial immunity, and to be potentially overcome within a few years since its introgression. Recently, on the footprint of research conducted in Arabidopsis, putative genes associated with downy mildew susceptibility have been discovered also in the grapevine genome. In this work, we deep-sequenced four putative susceptibility genes-namely VvDMR6.1, VvDMR6.2, VvDLO1, VvDLO2-in 190 genetically diverse grapevine genotypes to discover new sources of broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance. Identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were screened in a bottleneck analysis from the genetic sequence to their impact on protein structure. Fifty-five genotypes showed at least one impacting mutation in one or more of the scouted genes. Haplotypes were inferred for each gene and two of them at the VvDMR6.2 gene were found significantly more represented in downy mildew resistant genotypes. The current results provide a resource for grapevine and plant genetics and could corroborate genomic-assisted breeding programs as well as tailored gene editing approaches for resistance to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pirrello
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Tieme Zeilmaker
- SciENZA Biotechnologies B.V., Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Luca Bianco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Lisa Giacomelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
- SciENZA Biotechnologies B.V., Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Silvia Vezzulli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
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28
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Sargolzaei M, Rustioni L, Cola G, Ricciardi V, Bianco PA, Maghradze D, Failla O, Quaglino F, Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G. Georgian Grapevine Cultivars: Ancient Biodiversity for Future Viticulture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630122. [PMID: 33613611 PMCID: PMC7892605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated plant species of agricultural interest, and is extensively appreciated for its fruits and the wines made from its fruits. Considering the high socio-economic impact of the wine sector all over the world, in recent years, there has been an increase in work aiming to investigate the biodiversity of grapevine germplasm available for breeding programs. Various studies have shed light on the genetic diversity characterizing the germplasm from the cradle of V. vinifera domestication in Georgia (South Caucasus). Georgian germplasm is placed in a distinct cluster from the European one and possesses a rich diversity for many different traits, including eno-carpological and phenological traits; resistance to pathogens, such as oomycetes and phytoplasmas; resistance to abiotic stresses, such as sunburn. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Georgian cultivars as a source of useful traits for breeding programs. The unique genetic and phenotypic aspects of Georgian germplasm were unraveled, to better understand the diversity and quality of the genetic resources available to viticulturists, as valuable resources for the coming climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sargolzaei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rustioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento – Centro Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero A. Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Maghradze
- Faculty of Viticulture and Winemaking, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- National Wine Agency of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia L. Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia L. Toffolatti,
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Gabriella De Lorenzis,
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