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Maggard IJ, Deel KB, Etoll TW, Sproles RC, Lane TW, Cahoon AB. Freshwater mussels prefer a diet of stramenopiles and fungi over bacteria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11958. [PMID: 38796489 PMCID: PMC11127930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) play a crucial role in freshwater river environments where they live in multi-species aggregations and often serve as long-lived benthic ecosystem engineers. Many of these species are imperiled and it is imperative that we understand their basic needs to aid in the reestablishment and maintenance of mussel beds in rivers. In an effort to expand our knowledge of the diet of these organisms, five species of mussel were introduced into enclosed systems in two experiments. In the first, mussels were incubated in water from the Clinch River (Virginia, USA) and in the second, water from a manmade pond at the Commonwealth of Virginia's Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Center in Marion, VA. Quantitative PCR and eDNA metabarcoding were used to determine which planktonic microbes were present before and after the introduction of mussels into each experimental system. It was found that all five species preferentially consumed microeukaryotes over bacteria. Most microeukaryotic taxa, including Stramenopiles and Chlorophytes were quickly consumed by all five mussel species. We also found that they consumed fungi but not as quickly as the microalgae, and that one species of mussel, Ortmanniana pectorosa, consumed bacteria but only after preferred food sources were depleted. Our results provide evidence that siphon feeding Unionid mussels can select preferred microbes from mixed plankton, and mussel species exhibit dietary niche differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla B Deel
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA, USA
| | - Tina W Etoll
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA, USA
| | | | - Tim W Lane
- The Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Center, Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Marion, VA, USA
| | - A Bruce Cahoon
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA, USA.
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Abstract
Lipids are structurally diverse biomolecules that serve multiple roles in cells. As such, they are used as biomarkers in the modern ocean and as paleoproxies to explore the geological past. Here, I review lipid geochemistry, biosynthesis, and compartmentalization; the varied uses of lipids as biomarkers; and the evolution of analytical techniques used to measure and characterize lipids. Advancements in high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry have revolutionized the lipidomic and metabolomic fields, both of which are quickly being integrated into marine meta-omic studies. Lipidomics allows us to analyze tens of thousands of features, providing an open analytical window and the ability to quantify unknown compounds that can be structurally elucidated later. However, lipidome annotation is not a trivial matter and represents one of the biggest challenges for oceanographers, owing in part to the lack of marine lipids in current in silico databases and data repositories. A case study reveals the gaps in our knowledge and open opportunities to answer fundamental questions about molecular-level control of chemical reactions and global-scale patterns in the lipidscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie R Edwards
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
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Sengupta A, Dhar J, Danza F, Ghoshal A, Müller S, Kakavand N. Active reconfiguration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets governs migration of nutrient-limited phytoplankton. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6005. [PMID: 36332020 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability, along with light and temperature, drives marine primary production. The ability to migrate vertically, a critical trait of motile phytoplankton, allows species to optimize nutrient uptake, storage, and growth. However, this traditional view discounts the possibility that migration in nutrient-limited waters may be actively modulated by the emergence of energy-storing organelles. Here, we report that bloom-forming raphidophytes harness energy-storing cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) to biomechanically regulate vertical migration in nutrient-limited settings. LDs grow and translocate directionally within the cytoplasm, steering strain-specific shifts in the speed, trajectory, and stability of swimming cells. Nutrient reincorporation restores their swimming traits, mediated by an active reconfiguration of LD size and coordinates. A mathematical model of cell mechanics establishes the mechanistic coupling between intracellular changes and emergent migratory behavior. Amenable to the associated photophysiology, LD-governed behavioral shift highlights an exquisite microbial strategy toward niche expansion and resource optimization in nutrient-limited oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Jayabrata Dhar
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Danza
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Arkajyoti Ghoshal
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Müller
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Swiss Nanoscience lnstitute, University of Basel, 82, Klingelbergslrasse, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narges Kakavand
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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Lipid Constituents of Diatoms (Halamphora) as Components for Production of Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061171. [PMID: 35745742 PMCID: PMC9227233 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanocarriers smaller than 200 nm may be used as pharmaceutical/cosmetic raw materials as they are able to penetrate the skin. The nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) based on microalgae oil (Schizochytrium) and lipids extracted from diatoms (Halamphora cf. salinicola (strain SZCZM1454A)) were produced by the HSH (high shear homogenization) method. Fatty acid profile of crude oil from diatoms indicated the presence of palmitoleic, palmitic, stearic acid, oleic and myristic acids as the most common fatty acids in the strain investigated. The quantitative composition and the synthesis condition of NLC dispersions were optimized by using the full factorial designs. The physicochemical parameters of the obtained lipid nanocarriers were characterized by SEM, DSC and XRD measurements and the fraction with the optimum parameters (size below 200 nm, polydispersity index not exceeding 0.2 and zeta potential higher than +45 mV) was selected for further study. The positive charge of the obtained lipid nanoparticles is beneficial as permits electrostatic bonding with the negatively charged skin surface. As follows from stability tests, the NLCs obtained could be stored at room temperature.
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Wang T, Hu L, Lu J, Xiao M, Liu J, Xia H, Lu H. Functional metabolomics revealed functional metabolic-characteristics of chronic hepatitis that is significantly differentiated from acute hepatitis in mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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