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Sahito JH, Zhang H, Gishkori ZGN, Ma C, Wang Z, Ding D, Zhang X, Tang J. Advancements and Prospects of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1918. [PMID: 38339196 PMCID: PMC10855973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as a powerful tool for unraveling intricate genotype-phenotype association across various species. Maize (Zea mays L.), renowned for its extensive genetic diversity and rapid linkage disequilibrium (LD), stands as an exemplary candidate for GWAS. In maize, GWAS has made significant advancements by pinpointing numerous genetic loci and potential genes associated with complex traits, including responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. These discoveries hold the promise of enhancing adaptability and yield through effective breeding strategies. Nevertheless, the impact of environmental stress on crop growth and yield is evident in various agronomic traits. Therefore, understanding the complex genetic basis of these traits becomes paramount. This review delves into current and future prospectives aimed at yield, quality, and environmental stress resilience in maize and also addresses the challenges encountered during genomic selection and molecular breeding, all facilitated by the utilization of GWAS. Furthermore, the integration of omics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and phenomics has enriched our understanding of intricate traits in maize, thereby enhancing environmental stress tolerance and boosting maize production. Collectively, these insights not only advance our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating complex traits but also propel the utilization of marker-assisted selection in maize molecular breeding programs, where GWAS plays a pivotal role. Therefore, GWAS provides robust support for delving into the genetic mechanism underlying complex traits in maize and enhancing breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Hussain Sahito
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zeeshan Ghulam Nabi Gishkori
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Yu T, Zhang J, Cao J, Li S, Cai Q, Li X, Li S, Li Y, He C, Ma X. Identification of Multiple Genetic Loci Related to Low-Temperature Tolerance during Germination in Maize ( Zea maize L.) through a Genome-Wide Association Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9634-9655. [PMID: 38132448 PMCID: PMC10742315 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature stress during the germination stage is an important abiotic stress that affects the growth and development of northern spring maize and seriously restricts maize yield and quality. Although some quantitative trait locis (QTLs) related to low-temperature tolerance in maize have been detected, only a few can be commonly detected, and the QTL intervals are large, indicating that low-temperature tolerance is a complex trait that requires more in-depth research. In this study, 296 excellent inbred lines from domestic and foreign origins (America and Europe) were used as the study materials, and a low-coverage resequencing method was employed for genome sequencing. Five phenotypic traits related to low-temperature tolerance were used to assess the genetic diversity of maize through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 14 SNPs significantly associated with low-temperature tolerance were detected (-log10(P) > 4), and an SNP consistently linked to low-temperature tolerance in the field and indoors during germination was utilized as a marker. This SNP, 14,070, was located on chromosome 5 at position 2,205,723, which explained 4.84-9.68% of the phenotypic variation. The aim of this study was to enrich the genetic theory of low-temperature tolerance in maize and provide support for the innovation of low-temperature tolerance resources and the breeding of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jingsheng Cao
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Quan Cai
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xin Li
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Sinan Li
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Changan He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihaer 161000, China
| | - Xuena Ma
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.C.); (Q.C.); (X.L.); (X.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
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Roychowdhury R, Das SP, Gupta A, Parihar P, Chandrasekhar K, Sarker U, Kumar A, Ramrao DP, Sudhakar C. Multi-Omics Pipeline and Omics-Integration Approach to Decipher Plant's Abiotic Stress Tolerance Responses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1281. [PMID: 37372461 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present day's ongoing global warming and climate change adversely affect plants through imposing environmental (abiotic) stresses and disease pressure. The major abiotic factors such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, etc., hamper a plant's innate growth and development, resulting in reduced yield and quality, with the possibility of undesired traits. In the 21st century, the advent of high-throughput sequencing tools, state-of-the-art biotechnological techniques and bioinformatic analyzing pipelines led to the easy characterization of plant traits for abiotic stress response and tolerance mechanisms by applying the 'omics' toolbox. Panomics pipeline including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, proteogenomics, interactomics, ionomics, phenomics, etc., have become very handy nowadays. This is important to produce climate-smart future crops with a proper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses by the plant's genes, transcripts, proteins, epigenome, cellular metabolic circuits and resultant phenotype. Instead of mono-omics, two or more (hence 'multi-omics') integrated-omics approaches can decipher the plant's abiotic stress tolerance response very well. Multi-omics-characterized plants can be used as potent genetic resources to incorporate into the future breeding program. For the practical utility of crop improvement, multi-omics approaches for particular abiotic stress tolerance can be combined with genome-assisted breeding (GAB) by being pyramided with improved crop yield, food quality and associated agronomic traits and can open a new era of omics-assisted breeding. Thus, multi-omics pipelines together are able to decipher molecular processes, biomarkers, targets for genetic engineering, regulatory networks and precision agriculture solutions for a crop's variable abiotic stress tolerance to ensure food security under changing environmental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-The Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Soumya Prakash Das
- School of Bioscience, Seacom Skills University, Bolpur 731236, West Bengal, India
| | - Amber Gupta
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kottakota Chandrasekhar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya College of Agricultural Sciences (SKCAS), Affiliated to Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Guntur 522034, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Umakanta Sarker
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Vishwamitra (M.V.) College, Buxar 802102, Bihar, India
| | - Devade Pandurang Ramrao
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Chinta Sudhakar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Raj SRG, Nadarajah K. QTL and Candidate Genes: Techniques and Advancement in Abiotic Stress Resistance Breeding of Major Cereals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010006. [PMID: 36613450 PMCID: PMC9820233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At least 75% of the world's grain production comes from the three most important cereal crops: rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays). However, abiotic stressors such as heavy metal toxicity, salinity, low temperatures, and drought are all significant hazards to the growth and development of these grains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) discovery and mapping have enhanced agricultural production and output by enabling plant breeders to better comprehend abiotic stress tolerance processes in cereals. Molecular markers and stable QTL are important for molecular breeding and candidate gene discovery, which may be utilized in transgenic or molecular introgression. Researchers can now study synteny between rice, maize, and wheat to gain a better understanding of the relationships between the QTL or genes that are important for a particular stress adaptation and phenotypic improvement in these cereals from analyzing reports on QTL and candidate genes. An overview of constitutive QTL, adaptive QTL, and significant stable multi-environment and multi-trait QTL is provided in this article as a solid framework for use and knowledge in genetic enhancement. Several QTL, such as DRO1 and Saltol, and other significant success cases are discussed in this review. We have highlighted techniques and advancements for abiotic stress tolerance breeding programs in cereals, the challenges encountered in introgressing beneficial QTL using traditional breeding techniques such as mutation breeding and marker-assisted selection (MAS), and the in roads made by new breeding methods such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs), the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, and meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis. A combination of these conventional and modern breeding approaches can be used to apply the QTL and candidate gene information in genetic improvement of cereals against abiotic stresses.
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Farooq MS, Uzair M, Raza A, Habib M, Xu Y, Yousuf M, Yang SH, Ramzan Khan M. Uncovering the Research Gaps to Alleviate the Negative Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927535. [PMID: 35903229 PMCID: PMC9315450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climatic variability has been acquiring an extensive consideration due to its widespread ability to impact food production and livelihoods. Climate change has the potential to intersperse global approaches in alleviating hunger and undernutrition. It is hypothesized that climate shifts bring substantial negative impacts on food production systems, thereby intimidating food security. Vast developments have been made addressing the global climate change, undernourishment, and hunger for the last few decades, partly due to the increase in food productivity through augmented agricultural managements. However, the growing population has increased the demand for food, putting pressure on food systems. Moreover, the potential climate change impacts are still unclear more obviously at the regional scales. Climate change is expected to boost food insecurity challenges in areas already vulnerable to climate change. Human-induced climate change is expected to impact food quality, quantity, and potentiality to dispense it equitably. Global capabilities to ascertain the food security and nutritional reasonableness facing expeditious shifts in biophysical conditions are likely to be the main factors determining the level of global disease incidence. It can be apprehended that all food security components (mainly food access and utilization) likely be under indirect effect via pledged impacts on ménage, incomes, and damages to health. The corroboration supports the dire need for huge focused investments in mitigation and adaptation measures to have sustainable, climate-smart, eco-friendly, and climate stress resilient food production systems. In this paper, we discussed the foremost pathways of how climate change impacts our food production systems as well as the social, and economic factors that in the mastery of unbiased food distribution. Likewise, we analyze the research gaps and biases about climate change and food security. Climate change is often responsible for food insecurity issues, not focusing on the fact that food production systems have magnified the climate change process. Provided the critical threats to food security, the focus needs to be shifted to an implementation oriented-agenda to potentially cope with current challenges. Therefore, this review seeks to have a more unprejudiced view and thus interpret the fusion association between climate change and food security by imperatively scrutinizing all factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Madiha Habib
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yinlong Xu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | | | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
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Xu Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang H, Di H, Zhang L, Dong L, Zeng X, Liu X, Lee M, Wang Z, Zhou Y. Combined QTL mapping and RNA-Seq pro-filing reveal candidate genes related to low-temperature tolerance in maize. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:33. [PMID: 37312966 PMCID: PMC10248625 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important food crop in the world, with significant acreage and production across the globe. However, it is affected by low temperatures throughout its growth process, especially during germination. Therefore, it is important to identify more QTLs or genes associated with germination under low-temperature conditions. For the QTL analysis of traits related to low-temperature germination, we used a high-res genetic map of 213 lines of the intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) Syn10 doubled haploid (DH) population, which had 6618 bin markers. We detected 28 QTLs of eight phenotypic characteristics associated with low-temperature germination, while they explained the phenotypic contribution rate of 5.4 ~ 13.34%. Additionally, 14 overlapping QTLs produced six QTL clusters on every chromosome, except for 8 and 10. RNA-Seq found six genes related to low-temperature tolerance in these QTLs, while qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression trends of the Zm00001d045568 gene in the LT_BvsLT_M group and the CK_BvsCK_M group were highly significantly different at all four-time points (P < 0.01), and encoded the RING zinc finger protein. It was located on qRTL9-2 and qRSVI9-1 and is related to the total length and simple vitality index. These results provided potential candidate genes for further gene cloning and improving the low-temperature tolerance of maize. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01297-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Hongzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Hong Di
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Department of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150030 China
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Yu T, Zhang J, Cao J, Cao S, Li W, Yang G. A meta analysis of low temperature tolerance QTL in maize. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Metabolic Insight into Cold Stress Response in Two Contrasting Maize Lines. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020282. [PMID: 35207570 PMCID: PMC8875087 DOI: 10.3390/life12020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to a minor decrease in temperature at early growth stages, resulting in deteriorated growth at later stages. Although there are significant variations in maize germplasm in response to cold stress, the metabolic responses as stress tolerance mechanisms are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed at providing insight into the metabolic responses under cold stress at the early growth stages of maize. Two inbred lines, tolerant (B144) and susceptible (Q319), were subjected to cold stress at the seedling stage, and their corresponding metabolic profiles were explored. The study identified differentially accumulated metabolites in both cultivars in response to induced cold stress with nine core conserved cold-responsive metabolites. Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate was detected as a potential biomarker metabolite to differentiate cold tolerant and sensitive maize genotypes. Furthermore, Quercetin-3-O-(2″′-p-coumaroyl)sophoroside-7-O-glucoside, Phloretin, Phloretin-2′-O-glucoside, Naringenin-7-O-Rutinoside, L-Lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-Glutamine, Sinapyl alcohol, and Feruloyltartaric acid were regulated explicitly in B144 and could be important cold-tolerance metabolites. These results increase our understanding of cold-mediated metabolic responses in maize that can be further utilized to enhance cold tolerance in this significant crop.
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Zhou X, Muhammad I, Lan H, Xia C. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Cold Tolerance in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866034. [PMID: 35498657 PMCID: PMC9039722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an annual grass that originated in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World. Maize is highly sensitive to cold stress during seed gemination and the seedling phase, which can lead to reductions in plant vigor and grain production. There are large differences in the morphological and physiological changes caused by cold stress among maize varieties. In general, cold tolerant varieties have a stronger ability to maintain such changes in traits related to seed germination, root phenotypes, and shoot photosynthesis. These morphological and physiological characteristics have been widely used to evaluate the cold tolerance of maize varieties in genetic analyses. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of maize in response to cold tolerance. Several QTL, GWAS, and transcriptomic analyses have been conducted on various maize genotypes and populations that show large variations in cold tolerance, resulting in the discovery of hundreds of candidate cold regulation genes. Nevertheless, only a few candidate genes have been functionally characterized. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in molecular, physiological, genetic, and genomic analyses of cold tolerance in maize. We address the advantages of joint analyses that combine multiple genetic and genomic approaches to improve the accuracy of identifying cold regulated genes that can be further used in molecular breeding. We also discuss the involvement of long-distance signaling in plant cold tolerance. These novel insights will provide a better mechanistic understanding of cold tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Imran Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hai Lan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Hai Lan
| | - Chao Xia
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Xia
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