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Li Y, Fan Y, Lin J, Shi S. Does how individuals handle social situations exacerbate the relationship between physique anxiety and food addiction? The role of emotional expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17910. [PMID: 39161967 PMCID: PMC11332389 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research on food addiction has increased significantly in recent years. It has been demonstrated that food addiction can lead to impairments in physiological, psychological, and social functioning in individuals. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the influence of how individuals handle social situations on food addiction and the specific mechanisms involved. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,151 university students, with a mean age of 21.44 (SD = 4.77) years. The sample comprised 74.46% female and 25.54% male students. Participants completed the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, the Expressive Suppression Scale, and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and the Process (Version 3.4) plug-in. Result The results of the study supported our hypothesis that the association between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms could be partially explained by expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress. This association remained significant even after adjusting for covariates such as gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, bedtime, education, and BMI. Specifically, more severe social physique anxiety was found to be associated with frequent use of expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress, which in turn was associated with more severe food addiction symptoms. Conclusion This study explored the role of expression suppression and social avoidance and distress in the relationship between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions for food addiction in college students. These interventions could include helping students develop a healthy perception of body image, encouraging emotional expression, and promoting active social participation to reduce food addiction symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Kiser ET, Sinclair KL, Tullos EA, Ratcliff CG. Associations between disordered eating and body focused repetitive behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1184-1191. [PMID: 35549835 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College students with disordered eating (DE) are at increased risk of body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Both DE and BFRBs are described as impulsive and compulsive. However, the associations of impulsive DE with impulsive BFRBs and compulsive DE with compulsive BFRBs have not been examined. Methods: 191 college-aged students completed a survey of BFRBs and DE. Results: Participants who reported hair pulling were twice as likely to report clinically significant DE than those who denied hair pulling (p = .022). Participants who endorsed distressing hair pulling (p = .026), skin picking (p = .052), and nail biting (p = .094) were twice as likely to report clinically significant DE than those who were not distressed by these behaviors. Evidence did not support the association of BFRBs and DE along an impulsive/compulsive continuum. Conclusions: Results suggest that BFRBs and DE often co-occur, and the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in these behaviors is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emalee T Kiser
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Kelsey L Sinclair
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Emily A Tullos
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Chelsea G Ratcliff
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
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3
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Camacho-Barcia L, Giel KE, Jiménez-Murcia S, Álvarez Pitti J, Micali N, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Munguia L, Tena-Sempere M, Zipfel S, Fernández-Aranda F. Eating disorders and obesity: bridging clinical, neurobiological, and therapeutic perspectives. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:361-379. [PMID: 38485648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and obesity are complex health conditions sharing various risk and maintenance factors, intensified in cases of comorbidity. This review explores the similarities and connections between these conditions, examining different facets from a multidisciplinary perspective, among them comorbidities, metabolic and psychological factors, neurobiological aspects, and management and therapy implications. We aim to investigate the common characteristics and complexities of weight and EDs and explore their interrelationships in individuals who experience both. The rising prevalence of EDs in people with obesity necessitates integrated approaches to study this comorbidity and to identify and analyze both common and distinct features of these conditions. This review may offer new opportunities for simultaneous prevention and management approaches, as well as future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez Pitti
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC- research group, Research Foundation, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadia Micali
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Psychiatric Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Ribeiro A, Sinval J, Félix S, Guimarães C, Machado BC, Gonçalves S, de Lourdes M, Conceição EM. Food Addiction and Grazing-The Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Negative Urgency in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:4410. [PMID: 37892485 PMCID: PMC10610407 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
University students are a vulnerable population to the development of disordered eating, such as food addiction (FA) and grazing. FA is an emerging concept characterized by an intense desire to eat hyper-palatable foods. Grazing is characterized by the repetitive and unplanned ingestion of food throughout a period of time. Both FA and grazing have been associated with increased scores of negative urgency (NU) and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). This study aims to evaluate the frequency of FA and grazing in a university population and to test the direct, total, and indirect effects-via FA-of ER and NU on repetitive eating and compulsive grazing. A total of 338 participants responded to a set of psychological measures assessing these variables. Thirty-six (10.7%) participants met the criteria for FA diagnosis and 184 (54.4%) presented grazing. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indexes for the model tested (χ2(1695) = 3167.575; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.955; NFI = 0.908; TLI = 0.953; SRMR = 0.085; RMSEA = 0.051; CI 90% (0.048; 0.053); P[RMSEA ≤ 0.05] = 0.318) and suggested that FA partially mediated the effect of difficulties in ER and NU on grazing, specifically on compulsive grazing. The results indicate that individuals with difficulties in ER and impulse control under negative emotions are more likely to engage in grazing if food addiction scores are higher. These results highlight the importance of assessing these variables, particularly in at-risk populations such as university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Ribeiro
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Jorge Sinval
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore;
- Department of Evidence-Based Health, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Félix
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Carolina Guimarães
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Bárbara César Machado
- Research Centre for Human Development (CEDH), Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Eva M. Conceição
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Zhang X, Bhatt RR, Todorov S, Gupta A. Brain-gut microbiome profile of neuroticism predicts food addiction in obesity: A transdiagnostic approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110768. [PMID: 37061021 PMCID: PMC10731989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism is one of the most robust risk factors for addictive behaviors including food addiction (a key contributor to obesity), although the associated mechanisms are not well understood. A transdiagnostic approach was used to identify the neuroticism-related neuropsychological and gut metabolomic patterns associated with food addiction. Predictive modeling of neuroticism was implemented using multimodal features (23 clinical, 13,531 resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), 336 gut metabolites) in 114 high body mass index (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) (cross-sectional) participants. Gradient boosting machine and logistic regression models were used to evaluate classification performance for food addiction. Neuroticism was significantly associated with food addiction (P < 0.001). Neuroticism-related features predicted food addiction with high performance (89% accuracy). Multimodal models performed better than single-modal models in predicting food addiction. Transdiagnostic alterations corresponded to rsFC involved in the emotion regulation, reward, and cognitive control and self-monitoring networks, and the metabolite 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, as well as anxiety symptoms. Neuroticism moderated the relationship between BMI and food addiction. Neuroticism drives neuropsychological and gut microbial signatures implicated in dopamine synthesis and inflammation, anxiety, and food addiction. Such transdiagnostic models are essential in identifying mechanisms underlying food addiction in obesity, as it can help develop multiprong interventions to improve symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Zhang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ravi R Bhatt
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Svetoslav Todorov
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America.
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6
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Galiana L, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Fernández-Aranda F, Gearhardt AN, Baños RM. Food addiction and its relationship with other eating behaviours among Spanish university students. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37046319 PMCID: PMC10100167 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is characterised by symptoms such as loss of control over food consumption, inability to reduce consumption despite the desire to do so, and continued consumption despite negative consequences. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a widely used instrument to assess FA. OBJECTIVES To validate the Spanish mYFAS 2.0; to analyse the relationships between FA with other eating behaviours, sociodemographic variables, and Body Mass Index (BMI); and to test the eating-related variables that account for the variance in FA. METHODS The sample consisted of 400 university students (Mage = 24.16, SDage = 6.12; 51% female), who completed the mYFAS 2.0 and measures of eating-related constructs. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the mYFAS 2.0. The scale showed good internal consistency (α = .78), and good convergent validity with the mYFAS. FA was related to eating styles, binge eating, and bulimia. No differences in FA were observed between males and females, and there was no association between FA and BMI. In addition, younger participants scored higher on FA than older participants. The eating-related variables explain 54.7% of the variance in FA. CONCLUSIONS The mYFAS 2.0 is a valid and reliable scale to assess FA in the Spanish population. The positive and significant relationship of variables related to eating (eating styles, binge eating and bulimia) with FA was demonstrated. These variables were indicated by those at high risk of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Fernández MS, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. Eating-to-Cope Motives and Uncontrolled Eating as Mediators Between Negative Emotional States and Food Addiction Among Argentinean Young Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36275610 PMCID: PMC9579650 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional states (NES; i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) are likely contributors to the development of food addiction (FA). The association between NES and FA symptoms may be mediated by altered eating behaviors or by eating-to-cope motives. This study examined, in a sample of Argentinean young adults, the association between NES and FA symptoms via eating-to-cope motives and three patterns of eating behaviors. We also examined whether the model was invariant across college status. The transition from high school to college is usually associated with increased exposure to stress, which promotes the probability of engaging in altered eating behaviors. A sample of 499 Argentinean young adults (mean age = 24.9 ± 3.51 years) completed a survey that assessed FA symptoms, eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled, emotional, and restrained eating), eating-to-cope motives and NES. A path analysis tested the indirect association between NES and FA symptoms via uncontrolled, emotional or restrained eating, or by eating-to-cope. Stress and depression symptoms were indirectly associated with FA symptoms via uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. The model was invariant across college status. The findings suggest that NES are associated with FA symptoms by increasing uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. Young adults exhibiting greater depressive or stress symptoms, higher eating-to-cope, or higher uncontrolled eating may be at risk for FA. Future research should examine the significance of this pattern by tailoring interventions to these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. Y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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8
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Camacho-Barcia L, Munguía L, Gaspar-Pérez A, Jimenez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Impact of Food Addiction in Therapy Response in Obesity and Eating Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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File D, Bőthe B, File B, Demetrovics Z. The Role of Impulsivity and Reward Deficiency in "Liking" and "Wanting" of Potentially Problematic Behaviors and Substance Uses. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:820836. [PMID: 35546934 PMCID: PMC9083266 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A few studies have examined the changes in substance- and behavior-related "wanting" and "liking" of human subjects, the key properties of Incentive Sensitization Theory (IST). The aim of this study was to examine the dissociation between "wanting" and "liking" as a function of usage frequency, intensity, and subjective severity in individuals across four substances (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other drugs) and ten behaviors (gambling, overeating, gaming, pornography use, sex, social media use, Internet use, TV-series watching, shopping, and work). Also, the potential roles of impulsivity and reward deficiency were investigated in "wanting," "liking," and wellbeing. The sex differences between "wanting" and "liking" were also examined. Based on our findings using structural equation modeling with 749 participants (503 women, M age = 35.7 years, SD = 11.84), who completed self-report questionnaires, "wanting" increased with the severity, frequency, and intensity of potentially problematic use, while "liking" did not change. Impulsivity positively predicted "wanting," and "wanting" positively predicted problem uses/behaviors. Reward deficiency positively predicted problem uses/behaviors, and both impulsivity and problem uses/behaviors negatively predicted wellbeing. Finally, women showed higher levels of "wanting," compared to men. These findings demonstrate the potential roles of incentive sensitization in both potentially problematic substance uses and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos File
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bálint File
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
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10
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Munguía L, Jiménez-Murcia S, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Granero R, Gaspar-Pérez A, Guzmán-Saldaña RME, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Fazia G, Gálvez L, Gearhardt AN, Fernández-Aranda F. Risk patterns in food addiction: a Mexican population approach. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1077-1087. [PMID: 34143405 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a construct that has gained interest in recent years but its relevance in Mexican population is still unexplored. AIMS The present study has the aims of explore FA in a community of Mexican population, as well as identifying the risk patterns associated with it, in relation to the different etiological factors that have been described such as impulsivity, emotional regulation and eating styles. Furthermore, to identify a predictive model of FA severity. METHODS The sample consisted of 160 female and male university students of Pachuca city in México, who volunteered to participate in the study. Assessment included multidimensional measures for FA, eating disorder severity, eating disorder styles, emotional regulation and impulsivity. RESULTS A screening of FA-probable was registered for 13.8% of the sample, while 8.1% met criteria for FA-present. The FA-present group differed from FA-absent in the impulsivity levels and in emotional eating style. Patients with FA-present differed from FA-probable in the impulsivity levels. Differences between FA-probable versus FA-absent were found in the restrained eating style. Path analysis evidenced that FA severity was directly associated with older age, worse eating style profile and higher impulsivity levels, and indirectly related with the ED symptom levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that it is possible to establish a specific predictive model of the development of FA and its severity in Mexican population to implement adequate prevention and treatment strategies. EVIDENCE LEVEL Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anahí Gaspar-Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Gilda Fazia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Gálvez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Sanchez I, Lucas I, Munguía L, Camacho‐Barcia L, Giménez M, Sánchez‐González J, Granero R, Solé‐Morata N, Gearhard A, Diéguez C, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Fernández‐Aranda F. Food addiction in anorexia nervosa: Implications for the understanding of crossover diagnosis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:278-288. [PMID: 35306714 PMCID: PMC9314799 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Food addiction (FA) construct was introduced to reflect abnormal eating patterns that resemble behavioural ones found in substance use disorders. FA has been barely explored in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study evaluated FA occurrence and associated factors in a sample of patients with AN, distinguishing between restrictive and binge–purging subtypes and focussing on the influence of FA in the crossover diagnosis between them. Method A sample of 116 patients with AN admitted for treatment seeking at an Bellvitge Hospital Eating Disorders Unit were included (72 restrictive [AN‐R]; 44 binge‐purge AN [AN‐BP]), and eating‐related, personality and psychopathological variables were assessed. Most participants were women (92.2%), mean age 27.1 years old (SD = 10.5). Results FA was more prevalent in patients with AN‐BP compared to the AN‐R group (75.0% and 54.2%, respectively). The patients with AN‐R FA+, presented more similar ED symptomatology, general psychopathology and personality traits, with the AN‐BP patients, than with the AN‐R FA‐. Conclusions Patients with AN‐R FA+, exhibit more similarities with the AN‐BP subgroup than with the AN‐R FA‐. Thus, it is possible to hypothesise that the presence of FA might be an indicator of the possible crossover from AN‐R to AN‐BP. Patients with anorexia nervosa – restrictive subtype (AN‐R) and patients with anorexia nervosa – bulimic‐purgative subtype (AN‐BP) present a prevalence of food addiction (FA) of 54% and 75%, respectively. Patients with AN‐R FA+ have more clinical and personality similarities with AN‐BP than with AN‐R FA−. The presence of FA could be associated with the possible crossover from AN‐R to AN‐BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Lucia Camacho‐Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Mónica Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
| | - Jessica Sánchez‐González
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Neus Solé‐Morata
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
| | - Ashley Gearhard
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Physiology CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela‐Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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12
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Monteleone AM, Tzischinsky O, Cascino G, Alon S, Pellegrino F, Ruzzi V, Latzer Y. The connection between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder psychopathology: a network analysis study in people with bulimia nervosa and with binge eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:253-261. [PMID: 33774786 PMCID: PMC8860810 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences are associated with heightened risk of Eating disorders (EDs). The psychopathological pathways promoting this association in people with Bulimia nervosa (BN) and in those with Binge eating disorder (BED) are under-investigated. METHODS One hundred and eighty-one people with BN and 144 with BED filled in the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, to measure ED psychopathology, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, to assess their early traumatic experiences. Network analysis was conducted to investigate the interplay between those variables. The shortest pathways function was employed to investigate the shortest out of all routes conveying the association between CM and ED-specific symptoms. RESULTS In both people with BN and with BED, all CM types were connected to the ED psychopathology through the emotional abuse node. The association between emotional abuse and ED-specific symptoms (bulimia and body dissatisfaction) differed in the two groups: in people with BN, it included ineffectiveness, while in people with BED, it involved impulsivity. Interoceptive awareness, an indirect measure of emotion regulation, was included in these pathways in both groups. CONCLUSION In the light of literature showing that emotional abuse has a connecting role between CM and ED psychopathology also in anorexia nervosa, the present findings support the idea that emotional abuse conveys such association in all the main ED diagnoses. Ineffectiveness and impulsivity may represent the specific psychopathological dimensions connected to emotional abuse and promoting the maintenance of ED-specific symptoms in BN and in BED, respectively. These findings are worth of attention by clinicians. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Maria Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Giammarco Cascino
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sigal Alon
- Psychiatric Division, Rambam, Health Care Campus, Eating Disorders Institution, Haifa, Israel
| | - Francesca Pellegrino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ruzzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Yael Latzer
- Psychiatric Division, Rambam, Health Care Campus, Eating Disorders Institution, Haifa, Israel.,Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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13
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Awad E, Salameh P, Sacre H, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Association between impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa / healthy orthorexia: any mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress? BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:604. [PMID: 34861836 PMCID: PMC8640965 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of studies investigating the possible mediating role of psychological factors, such as depression, anxiety and stress on orthorexic eating behaviors. Given that personality attributes might affect the manifestation of psychological disorders, it was hypothesized that depression, anxiety and stress mediate the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and orthorexic eating, noting that previous research had evaluated the role of depression as a mediator between impulsivity and other pathological eating behaviors. The study objectives were to explore the mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress, on impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa, and healthy orthorexia. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted between July and December 2019 recruited 519 Lebanese adults from seven community pharmacies randomly selected from a list provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists. RESULTS Our results showed that depression and anxiety were positively correlated with ON. We also found a notable gender difference in findings: higher anxiety and female gender were significantly associated with higher TOS healthy orthorexia, while higher stress was associated with lower TOS healthy orthorexia. Finally, higher urgency was associated with lower TOS healthy orthorexia, while higher perseverance was significantly associated with higher TOS healthy orthorexia. Depression and anxiety partially mediated the association between perseverance and ON while anxiety and stress partially mediated the association between urgency and healthy orthorexia. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that depression, anxiety and stress play a mediating role between impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa/healthy orthorexia. Our findings provide a ground for future investigations of impulsive behaviors, psychopathology, and orthorexia in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon ,grid.413056.50000 0004 0383 4764University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.466400.0Life Sciences and Health Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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14
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Sönmez Güngör E, Çelebi C, Akvardar Y. The Relationship of Food Addiction With Other Eating Pathologies and Impulsivity: A Case-Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747474. [PMID: 34899418 PMCID: PMC8661135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of food addiction (FA) has become central in recent years in understanding the psychological etiology of obesity. In this matched case-control study from Turkey, it was aimed to examine the prevalence of FA and related risk factors in four consecutive body mass index (BMI) categories. The case group consisted of pre-operative bariatric surgery patients with BMI over 35.0 kg/m2 (n = 40) and the control group was composed of age- and gender- matching individuals from the other categories, namely obese (n = 35), overweight (n = 40), and normal weight (n = 40). The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and a standardized clinical interview using the DSM-5 substance use disorders criteria adopted for FA, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) were used as assessment instruments. It was found that FA was significantly associated with more serious eating pathologies, more frequent weight-cycling and earlier onset of dieting, higher impulsivity, and higher BMI. Motor and total impulsivity scores showed a positive albeit week correlation with the severity of FA but no significant correlation with BMI, indicating a relationship between impulsivity and weight gain in some but not all individuals. The severity of FA predicted the increase in BMI. Our findings suggest that FA is associated with weight gain in a group of individuals, plausibly through impulsive overeating. Emphasis on FA and its clinical implications such as addiction-based treatments may improve outcomes in obesity and facilitate health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Sönmez Güngör
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Çelebi
- Department of Psychiatry, Büyükçekmece Mimar Sinan State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Akvardar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Personality Dimensions Associated with Food Addiction in a Sample of Pre-operative Bariatric Surgery Patients from Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Clinical Features of Gambling Disorder Patients with and Without Food Addiction: Gender-Related Considerations. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:843-862. [PMID: 34585341 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although food addiction (FA) is a debated condition and it is not currently recognized as a formal diagnosis, it shares features with other addictions, such as gambling disorder (GD). However, the prevalence of FA in GD and the clinical correlates are incompletely understood, especially within women versus men. To investigate FA in patients presenting with GD. The sample included 867 patients diagnosed with GD (798 males and 69 females) attending a specialized behavioral addictions unit. FA was observed in 8.3% of GD patients (18.8% of women, 7.4% of men). More psychopathology and harm avoidance, greater body mass indices and less self-directedness and cooperativeness were associated with FA. In women, FA was associated with a longer GD duration. In men, FA was associated with earlier GD onset, greater GD and problematic alcohol use severities. Among patients with GD, FA was associated with more psychopathology and gambling patterns suggestive of more protracted or severe GD. Screening for and addressing FA condition in patients with GD may help optimize preventive and therapeutic approaches. Future studies should consider testing guidelines to improve healthy eating habits, increase physical exercise and better manage stress and other negative emotions in order to target FA in GD.
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17
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Kidd C, Loxton NJ. A narrative review of reward sensitivity, rash impulsivity, and food addiction in adolescents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110265. [PMID: 33545225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a neurodevelopmental period characterised by heightened reward drive and weaker inhibitory control that may increase vulnerability to compulsive overconsumption of highly-palatable foods and food addiction. This narrative review aimed to summarise research investigating the presence of food addiction in adolescents and establish the role that impulsivity traits (i.e., reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity), previously linked to substance and behavioural addictions, play in contributing to food addiction in this cohort. It was found that the prevalence of food addiction was typically higher in studies that recruited adolescents who were overweight/obese or from clinical populations. Overall, impulsivity was found to be more consistently associated with food addiction, while the relationships between measures of reward sensitivity and food addiction were mixed. Findings of this review suggest trait impulsivity may contribute to food addiction in adolescents, however, further longitudinal and prospective research is recommended to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential interactive effects of reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Kidd
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Wiedemann AA, Carr MM, Ivezaj V, Barnes RD. Examining the construct validity of food addiction severity specifiers. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1503-1509. [PMID: 32725535 PMCID: PMC7855002 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction (FA) is related to greater body mass index (BMI), eating-disorder psychopathology, food craving, and psychosocial impairment. Less is known regarding the utility of the FA severity specifiers, as measured by the number of symptoms endorsed on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). METHODS Participants (N = 1854) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete an online survey on eating behaviors. Participants completed self-report measures assessing FA, eating-disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), and food craving (Food Craving Inventory). Based on the YFAS 2.0 specifiers, participants were classified into four FA groups: No FA (n = 1643), mild (n = 40), moderate (n = 55), and severe (n = 116). RESULTS There were significant differences found in age, sex, BMI, and frequency of objective binge-eating episodes (OBEs) among the FA groups. Using ANCOVA, adjusted for multiple comparisons and covariates (e.g., BMI, sex, OBEs), the No FA group reported significantly lower levels of shape concern (η2 = 0.05; p < 0.001), weight concern (η2 = 0.04; p < 0.001), eating concern (η2 = 0.15; p < 0.001), and global eating-disorder psychopathology (η2 = 0.06; p < 0.001) than mild, moderate, or severe FA groups. The No FA group reported significantly lower levels of dietary restraint (η2 = 0.01; p < 0.01) than mild and severe FA groups. The severe FA group reported higher food craving scores (η2 = 0.02; p < 0.001) compared to the No FA group. CONCLUSION Our findings parallel the severity specifiers literature for eating and substance use disorders by also indicating the limited utility of severity specifiers based on symptom count. Future research should investigate alternative targets for discriminating among levels of FA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Meagan M Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Valentina Ivezaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rachel D Barnes
- General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Food Addiction Disorder 2 Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy; Association with Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Weight Loss Outcomes. Obes Surg 2021; 31:3444-3452. [PMID: 33934295 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction (FA) following bariatric surgery (BS) has received a burst of attention in recent years due to its important contribution to obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the prevalence of FA disorder and its predictors 2 years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and assess its relationship with physical activity (PA), body composition, and weight outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred fifty individuals who had undergone LSG 2 years prior to the study were enrolled. FA was diagnosed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). The collected data included body composition (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM)), PA, and nutritional intakes. RESULTS Eighty-nine subjects (about 20%) met the criteria for FA disorder. FA patients had significantly lower PA (p = 0.04) and higher weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), FM, and FFM (p = 0.01) compared to those without FA. Regarding weight and body composition changes, the finding reveals that FA patients (vs. non-FA) had a significantly less excess weight loss (EWL%) (p < 0.001) and total weight loss (TWL%) (p = 0.05) as well as a higher FFM loss (kg) (p = 0.04) (linear regression analysis). A younger age (p trend = 0.01), higher BMI (p trend = 0.04), and more excess weight (p trend = 0.03) were related to higher odds of FA disorder at second year after LSG (logistic regression analysis). CONCLUSION The results showed that FA was highly prevalent 2 years after LSG. In addition, FA disorder was associated with negative long-term outcomes following LSG. Younger individuals with more excess weight and higher BMI at baseline are more vulnerable to FA.
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20
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Mallorquí-Bagué N, Lozano-Madrid M, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Forcano L, Díaz-López A, Galera A, Fernández-Carrión R, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Corella D, Pintó X, Cuenca-Royo A, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J, de la Torre R, Fernández-Aranda F. Effects of a psychosocial intervention at one-year follow-up in a PREDIMED-plus sample with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9144. [PMID: 33911087 PMCID: PMC8080657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguder 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Galera
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguder 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguder 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Horsager C, Faerk E, Lauritsen MB, Østergaard SD. Food addiction comorbid to mental disorders: A nationwide survey and register-based study. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:545-560. [PMID: 33458821 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance use disorder is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders. However, it remains largely unknown whether this is also the case for "food addiction"-a phenotype characterized by an addiction-like attraction to predominantly highly processed foods with a high content of refined carbohydrates and fat. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to estimate the weighted prevalence of food addiction among individuals with mental disorders. METHOD A total of 5,000 individuals aged 18-62 were randomly drawn from eight categories of major mental disorders from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and invited to participate in an online questionnaire-based survey, which included the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Data on health care and sociodemographics from the Danish registers were linked to all invitees-enabling comprehensive attrition analysis and calculation of the weighted prevalence of food addiction. RESULTS A total of 1,394 (27.9%) invitees participated in the survey. Across all diagnostic categories, 23.7% met the criteria for food addiction. The weighted prevalence of food addiction was highest among individuals with eating disorders (47.7%, 95%CI: 41.2-54.2), followed by affective disorders (29.4%, 95%CI: 22.9-36.0) and personality disorders (29.0%, 95%CI: 22.2-35.9). When stratifying on sex, the prevalence of food addiction was higher among women in most diagnostic categories. DISCUSSION Food addiction is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders, especially in those with eating disorders, affective disorders and personality disorders. Food addiction may be an important target for efforts aimed at reducing obesity among individuals with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Horsager
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Emil Faerk
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Briciet Lauritsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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İnce B, Schlatter J, Max S, Plewnia C, Zipfel S, Giel KE, Schag K. Can we change binge eating behaviour by interventions addressing food-related impulsivity? A systematic review. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:38. [PMID: 33736708 PMCID: PMC7977597 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An extensive amount of research has underlined the potential role of impulsivity in the development and maintenance of binge eating behaviour. Food-related impulsivity has particularly received attention given its close relationship with overeating and binge eating episodes. Besides the available evidence, our understanding regarding the effectiveness of treatment modalities for binge eating targeting impulsivity and related constructs (e.g., food craving, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity) is limited. Thus, this systematic review aimed to investigate whether binge eating behaviour is changeable by interventions that are impulsivity-focused and food-related and whether one of these interventions is superior to the others. METHOD A search on PubMed and PsycINFO was performed for relevant articles published up to September 2020. Studies delivering food-related impulsivity treatment to individuals suffering from binge eating episodes and including a control condition without this treatment were investigated. Following the search, 15 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were analysed. RESULTS Analyses revealed that available impulsivity-focused approaches can be categorised as psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, computer-assisted cognitive training, and direct neuromodulation interventions. Regarding their effectiveness, it appeared that all of these approaches might be promising to change food-related impulsivity in individuals with binge eating episodes, particularly to decrease binge eating symptoms. However, a superior intervention approach in this early state of evidence could not be determined, although food-related cue exposure, transcranial direct current stimulation, and the combination of several interventions seem fruitful. CONCLUSION Efforts to treat binge eating behaviour with interventions focusing on food-related impulsivity appear to be promising, particularly concerning binge eating frequency, and also for food craving and inhibitory control. Given limited research and varying methods, it was not possible to conclude whether one impulsivity-focused intervention can be considered superior to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak İnce
- Department of Psychology, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Johanna Schlatter
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Max
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center of Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center of Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Competence Center of Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany.
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23
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Wiss D, Brewerton T. Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2937. [PMID: 32992768 PMCID: PMC7600542 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction "diagnosis" among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or "the signal") from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or "restraint") that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or "the noise"). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Timothy Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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24
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Food Addiction among Female Patients Seeking Treatment for an Eating Disorder: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061897. [PMID: 32604734 PMCID: PMC7353200 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of "food addiction" (FA) has aroused much focus because of evidence for similarities between overeating and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, few studies have explored this concept among the broad spectrum of eating disorders (ED), especially in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to assess FA prevalence in ED female patients and to determine its associated factors. We recruited a total of 195 adult women with EDs from an ED treatment center. The prevalence of FA diagnosis (Yale Food Addiction Scale) in the whole ED sample was 83.6%; AN restrictive type (AN-R), 61.5%; AN binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP), 87.9%; bulimia nervosa (BN), 97.6%; and binge-eating disorder (BED), 93.3%. The most frequently met criteria of FA were "clinically significant impairment or distress in relation to food", "craving" and "persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down". An FA diagnosis was independently associated with three variables: presence of recurrent episodes of binge eating, ED severity, and lower interoceptive awareness. In showing an overlap between ED and FA, this study allows for considering EDs, and AN-R in particular, from an "addictive point of view", and thus for designing therapeutic management that draws from those proposed for addictive disorders.
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25
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Romero X, Agüera Z, Granero R, Sánchez I, Riesco N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gisbert-Rodriguez M, Sánchez-González J, Casalé G, Baenas I, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Menchon JM, Gearhardt AN, Dieguez C, Fernández-Aranda F. Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 27:700-711. [PMID: 31637816 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine whether food addiction (FA) was associated with greater severity in both binge eating disorders (BED) and bulimia nervosa and, therefore, to determine if FA was predictive of treatment outcome. METHOD Seventy-one adult patients with bulimia nervosa and BED (42 and 29, respectively) participated in the study. FA was assessed by means of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. RESULTS The results confirmed a high prevalence of FA in patients with binge disorders (around 87%) and also its association with a greater severity of the disorder (i.e., related to an increased eating psychopathology and greater frequency of binge eating episodes). Although FA did not appear as a predictor of treatment outcome in general terms, when the diagnostic subtypes were considered separately, FA was associated with poor prognosis in the BED group. In this vein, FA appeared as a mediator in the relationship between ED severity and treatment outcome. DISCUSSIONS Our findings suggest that FA may act as an indicator of ED severity, and it would be a predictor of treatment outcome in BED but not in BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Romero
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jéssica Sánchez-González
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Casalé
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Menchon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Shope MM, Prows SD, Racine SE, Culbert KM. Examining associations between emotion-based rash action and dysregulated eating symptoms in men and women. Eat Behav 2020; 37:101379. [PMID: 32146161 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Negative urgency (NU: tendency to act rashly when distressed) is the facet of impulsive personality that has been most predictive of binge eating, but less is known about the relative role of positive urgency (PU: tendency to act rashly in response to positive emotions). In addition, most studies have exclusively focused on women and the examination of pathological eating outcomes, using a dimensional symptom approach, has been somewhat limited. This study aimed to replicate and extend upon prior work. We examined the extent to which NU and/or PU are uniquely associated with dysregulated eating, using a latent factor comprised of dimensional symptoms, and directly tested whether effects differ by sex. Two independent cross-sectional samples of women and men were used (Sample 1: Midwestern university, 437 females, 348 males; Sample 2: Southwestern university, 301 females, 236 males). NU and PU were assessed with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and dysregulated eating symptoms (i.e., binge eating, loss of control eating, eating concerns) were assessed with well-validated self-report questionnaires. Although both NU and PU showed significant positive associations with dysregulated eating, NU showed the strongest unique relationship with dysregulated eating in both samples. The relative role of PU was weakened in Sample 1 and completely attenuated in Sample 2 once its shared variance with NU was accounted for. All results were similar in men and women. Overall, findings continue to suggest that NU is the form of impulsivity that is most relevant to dysregulated eating in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Shope
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | - Shelby D Prows
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | | | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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27
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Maxwell AL, Gardiner E, Loxton NJ. Investigating the relationship between reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and food addiction: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:368-384. [PMID: 32142199 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to identify the extent to which reward sensitivity and impulsivity were related to food addiction. METHOD Forty-five studies, published from 2009 to June 2019, investigating reward sensitivity and/or impulsivity with food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale were reviewed. RESULTS Reward sensitivity, as measured by the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale, was positively associated with food addiction in two studies, but failed to yield consistent results in other studies when measured with the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales. Self-report impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), was consistently associated with food addiction, with attentional impulsivity and motor impulsivity the most consistent subscales. Similarly, food addiction was also consistently associated with Negative Urgency, Positive Urgency, and Lack of Perseverance as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Food addiction was inconsistently associated with disinhibition, as measured by behavioral tasks, indicating food addiction appears more aligned with self-report measures of impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Research in this field is dominated by university student, overweight and obese samples. Additional research is required to further tease out these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Maxwell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliroma Gardiner
- School of Management, QUT Gardens Point, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Food Addiction in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Analysis of Clusters and Implications for Treatment. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112633. [PMID: 31684127 PMCID: PMC6893652 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) has been associated with greater psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and obesity (OBE). The current study aims to provide a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct by conducting a clustering analysis of FA in both conditions (ED and OBE). The total sample was comprised of 234 participants that scored positive on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. (YFAS-2) (119 bulimia nervosa (BN), 50 binge eating disorder (BED), 49 other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) and 16 OBE). All participants completed a comprehensive battery of questionnaires. Three clusters of FA participants were identified. Cluster 1 (dysfunctional) was characterized by the highest prevalence of OSFED and BN, the highest ED severity and psychopathology, and more dysfunctional personality traits. Cluster 2 (moderate) showed a high prevalence of BN and BED and moderate levels of ED psychopathology. Finally, cluster 3 (adaptive) was characterized by a high prevalence of OBE and BED, low levels of ED psychopathology, and more functional personality traits. In conclusion, this study identified three distinct clusters of ED-OBE patients with FA and provides some insight into a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct when considering psychopathology, personality and ED pathology. Future studies should address whether these three food addiction categories are indicative of therapy outcome.
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29
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Penzenstadler L, Soares C, Karila L, Khazaal Y. Systematic Review of Food Addiction as Measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale: Implications for the Food Addiction Construct. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:526-538. [PMID: 30406740 PMCID: PMC6712300 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666181108093520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of food addiction attracts much interest in the scientific community. Research is mainly based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), a tool developed to assess food addiction. Substance use disorder criteria have been used to develop this scale. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to review the clinical significance of food addiction diagnoses made with the YFAS and to discuss the results in light of the current debate on behavioral addictions. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the studies that assessed food addiction with the YFAS published between January 2014 and July 2017 by searching the electronic databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PsycARTICLES. RESULTS Sixty publications were included in the analysis. Thirty-three studies examined nonclinical samples and 27 examined clinical samples. All studies used YFAS scoring results to define food addiction. The prevalence of food addiction according to the YFAS varied largely by the studied samples. In general, a higher body mass index and the presence of eating disorders (EDs), especially binge eating disorder (BED), were associated with higher YFAS scores. CONCLUSION The concept of food addiction has not been established to this day although it can be grouped with other EDs such as BED. More research is needed to understand this behavior and the differences between food addiction and other EDs. The criteria for food addiction should be revisited in light of the concepts currently used to examine behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Penzenstadler
- Address correspondence to this author at the Geneva University Hospitals, Rue de Grand-Pré, 70 C, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Tel: +41 22 372 57 50; Fax: +41 22 372 55 70; E-mail:
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30
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Guerrero Pérez F, Sánchez-González J, Sánchez I, Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Simó-Servat A, Ruiz A, Virgili N, López-Urdiales R, Montserrat-Gil de Bernabe M, Garrido P, Monseny R, García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela A, Pujol-Gebelli J, Monasterio C, Salord N, Gearhardt AN, Carlson L, Menchón JM, Vilarrasa N, Fernández-Aranda F. Food addiction and preoperative weight loss achievement in patients seeking bariatric surgery. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:645-656. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Andreu Simó-Servat
- Department of Endocrinology; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz
- Department of Endocrinology; Joan XXIII University Hospital; Tarragona Spain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Garrido
- Dietetics and Nutrition Unit; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Monseny
- Dietetics and Nutrition Unit; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
| | - Amador García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Pujol-Gebelli
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Monasterio
- Pneumology Department; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Neus Salord
- Pneumology Department; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Lily Carlson
- Department of Psychology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology; University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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31
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Carlson L, Steward T, Agüera Z, Mestre-Bach G, Magaña P, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Claes L, Gearhardt AN, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Associations of food addiction and nonsuicidal self-injury among women with an eating disorder: A common strategy for regulating emotions? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:629-637. [PMID: 30318670 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), emotion regulation, and food addiction (FA) in women (n = 220) with eating disorders (ED) compared with (n = 121) healthy controls (HC). METHOD Participants were assessed via face-to-face interviews for ED diagnosis and lifetime NSSI. FA was assessed with Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and emotion regulation using the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). RESULTS The prevalence of FA was significantly higher among women with an ED when compared with HC (75.9% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001). Similarly, subjects presenting FA showed a high prevalence of lifetime NSSI, in both ED and HC (40.7% and 60.0%, respectively). Our predictive model revealed FA and DERS total scores as indicators of the presence of lifetime NSSI independent of group assignment, ED diagnosis, and age. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a shared aetiology between ED, NSSI, and FA, explained possibly in part by emotion-regulation deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Carlson
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Trevor Steward
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Magaña
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Law, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Green ET, Venta A. Lack of implementation of eating disorder education and prevention programs in high schools: Data from incoming college freshmen. Eat Disord 2018; 26:430-447. [PMID: 29565723 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1453629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of eating disorder education and prevention programs in high schools retrospectively, as reported by incoming college freshmen, exploring whether characteristics of the school influenced implementation. The sample, 169 first-year students from a public university, participated in an online survey inquiring about exposure to programs and high school characteristics. Results demonstrated few students exposed to any eating disorder programming (29.0%), with no students reporting exposure to prevention programming. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the implementation based on school characteristics, suggesting that this is a universal issue across high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emalee T Green
- a Department of Psychology and Philosophy , Sam Houston State University , Huntville , TX , USA
| | - Amanda Venta
- a Department of Psychology and Philosophy , Sam Houston State University , Huntville , TX , USA
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33
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Steward T, Mestre-Bach G, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Lozano-Madrid M, Agüera Z, Fernández-Formoso JA, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Vilarrasa N, García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela A, Veciana de Las Heras M, Custal N, Virgili N, López-Urdiales R, Gearhardt AN, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Fernández-Aranda F. Food addiction and impaired executive functions in women with obesity. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:574-584. [PMID: 30159982 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with obesity (OB) often report suffering from addiction-like symptoms. As in addictions, deficits in executive function domains, such as decision-making and sustained attention, are found in OB. No study to date has examined the associations between food addiction, OB, and neuropsychological performance. METHOD Thirty-three adult women with OB and 36 healthy weight controls completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0, a validated instrument used to assess food-related addictive behaviours. Additionally, participants completed computerized versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Conners' Continuous Performance Test, second edition (CPT-II) to examine decision-making and attentional control, respectively. RESULTS Food addiction criteria were met in 24.2% of the participants with OB and in 2.8% of the control group. In the OB group, food addiction severity levels were negatively correlated with overall scores on the IGT. Participants with OB meeting criteria for food addiction committed more omissions and perseveration errors on the CPT-II compared with those without food addiction. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to an association between food addiction severity levels and impairments in decision-making and attentional capacity in individuals with OB. Given the heterogeneity found in OB, it stands to reason that this subset of patients with food addiction could potentially benefit from interventions targeting neuropsychological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Steward
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Fernández-Formoso
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Custal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Rodrigue C, Ouellette AS, Lemieux S, Tchernof A, Biertho L, Bégin C. Executive functioning and psychological symptoms in food addiction: a study among individuals with severe obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:469-478. [PMID: 29947017 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) has recently emerged as a new field in the study of obesity. Previous studies have contributed to identifying psychological correlates of FA. However, few researchers have examined the cognitive profile related to this condition; up until now, attentional biases related to food cues and a poorer performance monitoring have been observed. The present study aimed to examine the psychological profile and executive functioning related to FA in individuals with severe obesity and awaiting bariatric surgery. Participants (N = 86) were split into two groups, according to their level of FA symptoms (low FA vs high FA). Groups were compared on questionnaires measuring binge eating, depression and anxiety symptoms, and impulsivity as well as on measures reflecting executive functioning (D-KEFS and BRIEF-A). The relationship between FA groups and patterns of errors during the D-KEFS' Color-Word Interference Test was further analyzed. Individuals within the high FA group reported significantly more binge eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and more metacognitive difficulties. They also tended to show a poorer inhibition/cognitive flexibility score and a typical pattern of errors, characterized by an increased number of errors as the tasks' difficulty rose as opposed to a decreased number of errors, which characterizes an atypical pattern of errors. The present results show that the inability to learn from errors or past experiences is related to the severity of FA and overall impairments.Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. .,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. .,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada.
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35
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Ayaz A, Nergiz-Unal R, Dedebayraktar D, Akyol A, Pekcan AG, Besler HT, Buyuktuncer Z. How does food addiction influence dietary intake profile? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195541. [PMID: 29677203 PMCID: PMC5909892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether there was any difference in eating pattern, abnormal eating behaviour, obesity and the number of food addiction symptoms according to food addiction presence. A total sample of 851 healthy subjects living in Ankara (n = 360 male, n = 491 female) aged 19-65 years were included in this cross-sectional survey. Data on demographic information, 24-hour dietary recalls, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and anthropometric measurements were collected through face-to-face interviews. Overall, 11.4% of participants were identified as "food addicted" (F: 13.0%; M: 9.2%). Subjects meeting criteria for 'food addiction' had higher body mass index (35.1% were obese and 3.1% were underweight), compared to subjects without food addiction (13.1% were obese and 10.2% were underweight) (p<0.05). Abnormal eating attitudes estimated with EAT-26 were determined as 45.5% in males, 37.5% in females and 40.2% in total, among subjects with food addiction. Daily energy, protein and fat intakes were significantly higher in food addicted females, compared to non-addicted females (p<0.05). Participants with food addiction reported significantly more problems with foods, which contain high amounts of fat and sugar, compared to the participants without food addiction. Food addiction behaviour should be considered as a part of efforts towards reducing food related problems involving obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Dedebayraktar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Gulden Pekcan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halit Tanju Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Buyuktuncer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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36
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Loxton NJ. The Role of Reward Sensitivity and Impulsivity in Overeating and Food Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Burrows T, Kay-Lambkin F, Pursey K, Skinner J, Dayas C. Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:544-572. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - F. Kay-Lambkin
- Faculty Health and Medicine; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - K. Pursey
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - J. Skinner
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - C. Dayas
- School of Biomedicine and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
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38
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Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gearhardt AN, Agüera Z, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Lozano-Madrid M, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Mestre-Bach G, Neto-Antao MI, Riesco N, Sánchez I, Steward T, Soriano-Mas C, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Menchón JM, Casanueva FF, Diéguez C, Fernández-Aranda F. Validation of the Spanish Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and Clinical Correlates in a Sample of Eating Disorder, Gambling Disorder, and Healthy Control Participants. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:208. [PMID: 29887808 PMCID: PMC5980980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Due to the increasing evidence of shared vulnerabilities between addictive behaviors and excessive food intake, the concept of food addiction in specific clinical populations has become a topic of scientific interest. The aim of this study was to validate the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 in a Spanish sample. We also sought to explore food addiction and its clinical correlates in eating disorder (ED) and gambling disorder (GD) patients. Methods: The sample included 301 clinical cases (135 ED and 166 GD), diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and 152 healthy controls (HC) recruited from the general population. Results: Food addiction was more prevalent in patients with ED, than in patients with GD and HC (77.8, 7.8, and 3.3%, respectively). Food addiction severity was associated with higher BMI, psychopathology and specific personality traits, such as higher harm avoidance, and lower self-directedness. The psychometrical properties of the Spanish version of the YFAS 2.0 were excellent with good convergent validity. Moreover, it obtained good accuracy in discriminating between diagnostic subtypes. Conclusions: Our results provide empirical support for the use of the Spanish YFAS 2.0 as a reliable and valid tool to assess food addiction among several clinical populations (namely ED and GD). The prevalence of food addiction is heterogeneous between disorders. Common risk factors such as high levels of psychopathology and low self-directedness appear to be present in individuals with food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria I Neto-Antao
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Salud Mental Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Salud Mental Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiology, CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Ouellette AS, Rodrigue C, Lemieux S, Tchernof A, Biertho L, Bégin C. An examination of the mechanisms and personality traits underlying food addiction among individuals with severe obesity awaiting bariatric surgery. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:633-640. [PMID: 29022218 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aetiology underlying addiction has often been investigated to shed more light on the factors contributing to the development and maintenance of various disorders. In the field of addictive eating behaviours, data on the aetiological factors related to food addiction (FA) in the bariatric context remain scarce. The present study aimed to explore mechanisms and variables underlying FA among individuals suffering from severe obesity and awaiting bariatric surgery. METHODS Participants (N = 146) were recruited at the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute during their pre-operative visit and were invited to complete questionnaires. Participants with and without FA were compared on reward sensitivity, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and personality traits. RESULTS Findings showed that bariatric candidates with FA (16%) presented more emotion dysregulation, more harm avoidance, and less self-directedness. Further exploration showed that the association between harm avoidance and the number of FA criteria endorsed was mediated by emotion dysregulation, while the association between self-directedness and the number of FA criteria endorsed was mediated by reward sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that an inability to regulate affect by strategies other than eating highly palatable food, in a context where negative affect and long-term goals can hardly be sustained, underlies a diagnostic of FA among bariatric candidates. From a clinical standpoint, the presence of a double vulnerability leading to FA symptomatology could help design better-targeted interventions to maximise weight loss maintenance in the bariatric context. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Ouellette
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 2325 allée des Bibliothèques, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christopher Rodrigue
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 2325 allée des Bibliothèques, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Laval University, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 2325 allée des Bibliothèques, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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40
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Validation of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (I-YFAS 2.0) in a sample of undergraduate students. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:527-533. [PMID: 28780748 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction (FA) refers to a condition characterized by addiction in relation to some high-fat and high-sugar carbohydrate that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress on several areas of functioning. The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) has been recently updated to measure FA according to the DSM-5 criteria for substance-related and addictive disorders. This study aimed at validating the Italian version of YFAS 2.0. METHODS A sample of 574 Italian university students was involved in this research. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Kuder-Richardson's alpha for dichotomous data were run to evaluate scale structure and reliability. Correlations between YFAS 2.0 and eating psychopathology, binge eating, sleep, and mood symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Analogously to the original version, a single factor structure emerged at the CFA. The alpha coefficient was 0.87. Moreover, sound, from moderate to high, correlations were found with other measures. CONCLUSIONS The Italian version of the YFAS 2.0 has demonstrated in a sample of university students to be a useful tool to investigate food addictions. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.
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A commentary on the associations among ‘food addiction’, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features. Appetite 2017; 115:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Wolz I, Baño M, Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Agüera Z, Hinney A, Diéguez C, Casanueva FF, Gearhardt AN, Hakansson A, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Food Addiction in Gambling Disorder: Frequency and Clinical Outcomes. Front Psychol 2017; 8:473. [PMID: 28421009 PMCID: PMC5378803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The food addiction (FA) model is receiving increasing interest from the scientific community. Available empirical evidence suggests that this condition may play an important role in the development and course of physical and mental health conditions such as obesity, eating disorders, and other addictive behaviors. However, no epidemiological data exist on the comorbidity of FA and gambling disorder (GD), or on the phenotype for the co-occurrence of GD+FA. Objectives: To determine the frequency of the comorbid condition GD+FA, to assess whether this comorbidity features a unique clinical profile compared to GD without FA, and to generate predictive models for the presence of FA in a GD sample. Method: Data correspond to N = 458 treatment-seeking patients who met criteria for GD in a hospital unit specialized in behavioral addictions. Results: Point prevalence for FA diagnosis was 9.2%. A higher ratio of FA was found in women (30.5%) compared to men (6.0%). Lower FA prevalence was associated with older age. Patients with high FA scores were characterized by worse psychological state, and the risk of a FA diagnosis was increased in patients with high scores in the personality traits harm avoidance and self-transcendence, and low scores in cooperativeness (R2 = 0.18). Conclusion: The co-occurrence of FA in treatment-seeking GD patients is related to poorer emotional and psychological states. GD treatment interventions and related behavioral addictions should consider potential associations with problematic eating behavior and aim to include techniques that aid patients in better managing this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Wolz
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación SanitariaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Anders Hakansson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PsychiatryLund, Sweden
| | - José M Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Wolz I, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F. A comprehensive model of food addiction in patients with binge-eating symptomatology: The essential role of negative urgency. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 74:118-124. [PMID: 28160693 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction has been widely researched in past years. However, there is a debate on the mechanisms underlying addictive eating and a better understanding of the processes associated to these behaviors is needed. Previous studies have found characteristic psychological correlates of food addiction, such as high negative urgency, emotion regulation difficulties and low self-directedness, in different samples of adults with addictive eating patterns. Still, it seems difficult to disentangle effects independent from general eating disorder psychopathology. Therefore, this study aimed to test a comprehensive model under control of eating disorder severity, in order to find independent predictors of food addiction. METHODS 315 patients with eating disorder diagnoses on the binge-eating spectrum were assessed in personality, emotion regulation, negative urgency, eating disorder symptomatology, and food addiction by self-report. Hypothesis-driven structural equation modeling was conducted to test the comprehensive model. RESULTS The only independent predictor found for food addiction was negative urgency, while self-directedness and emotion regulation predicted negative urgency and were highly related to eating disorder symptomatology, but not to food addiction. CONCLUSIONS Altogether the model suggests that low self-directedness and difficulties in emotion regulation are related to higher eating disorder symptomatology in general. Those patients who, in addition to these traits, tend to act impulsively when in negative mood states, are at risk for developing addictive eating patterns. Urgency-based treatments are therefore recommended for this subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wolz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Dep. Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Ca n'Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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44
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Wiss DA, Brewerton TD. Incorporating food addiction into disordered eating: the disordered eating food addiction nutrition guide (DEFANG). Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:49-59. [PMID: 27943202 PMCID: PMC5334442 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although not formally recognized by the DSM-5, food addiction (FA) has been well described in the scientific literature. FA has emerged as a clinical entity that is recognized within the spectrum of disordered eating, particularly in patients with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and/or co-occurring addictive disorders and obesity. Integrating the concept of FA into the scope of disordered eating has been challenging for ED treatment professionals, since there is no well-accepted treatment model. The confusion surrounding the implications of FA, as well as the impact of the contemporary Westernized diet, may contribute to poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this review is twofold. The first is to briefly explore the relationships between EDs and addictions, and the second is to propose a new model of conceptualizing and treating EDs that incorporates recent data on FA. Since treatment for EDs should vary based on individual assessment and diagnosis, the Disordered Eating Food Addiction Nutrition Guide (DEFANG) is presented as a tool for framing treatment goals and helping patients achieve sustainable recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiss
- Nutrition in Recovery LLC, 8549 Wilshire Blvd. #646, Beverly Hills, CA, 90211, USA.
| | - Timothy D Brewerton
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Moreno B, Crujeiras AB, Bellido D, Sajoux I, Casanueva FF. Obesity treatment by very low-calorie-ketogenic diet at two years: reduction in visceral fat and on the burden of disease. Endocrine 2016; 54:681-690. [PMID: 27623967 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effect of therapeutic diets in obesity treatment is a challenge at present. The current study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of a very low-calorie-ketogenic (VLCK) diet on excess adiposity. Especial focus was set on visceral fat mass, and the impact on the individual burden of disease. A group of obese patients (n = 45) were randomly allocated in two groups: either the very low-calorie-ketogenic diet group (n = 22), or a standard low-calorie diet group; (n = 23). Both groups received external support. Adiposity parameters and the cumulative number of months of successful weight loss (5 or 10 %) over a 24-month period were quantified. The very low-calorie-ketogenic diet induced less than 2 months of mild ketosis and significant effects on body weight at 6, 12, and 24 months. At 24 months, a trend to regress to baseline levels was observed; however, the very low-calorie-ketogenic diet induced a greater reduction in body weight (-12.5 kg), waist circumference (-11.6 cm), and body fat mass (-8.8 kg) than the low-calorie diet (-4.4 kg, -4.1 cm, and -3.8 kg, respectively; p < 0.001). Interestingly, a selective reduction in visceral fat measured by a specific software of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-scan (-600 g vs. -202 g; p < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, the very low-calorie-ketogenic diet group experienced a reduction in the individual burden of obesity because reduction in disease duration. Very low-calorie-ketogenic diet patients were 500 months with 5 % weight lost vs. the low-calorie diet group (350 months; p < 0.001). In conclusion, a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet was effective 24 months later, with a decrease in visceral adipose tissue and a reduction in the individual burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilio Moreno
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital G Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Bellido
- Division of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol and Coruña University, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sajoux
- Medical Department Pronokal, Protein Supplies SL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hilker I, Sánchez I, Steward T, Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Gearhardt AN, Rodríguez-Muñoz RC, Dieguez C, Crujeiras AB, Tolosa-Sola I, Casanueva FF, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Food Addiction in Bulimia Nervosa: Clinical Correlates and Association with Response to a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2016; 24:482-488. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hilker
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology; Hospital Clínic of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Barcelona; Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology; University Autònoma of Barcelona; Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Dieguez
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ana B. Crujeiras
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela; A Coruña Spain
| | - Iris Tolosa-Sola
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela; A Coruña Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Barcelona; Spain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Barcelona; Spain
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