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Kowalski TW, Giudicelli GC, Pinho MCDF, Rockenbach MK, Maciel-Fiuza MF, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Vianna FSL. Brazilian women in Bioinformatics: Challenges and opportunities. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230134. [PMID: 38259034 PMCID: PMC10829893 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics is a growing research field that received great notoriety in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a very integrative area, comprising professionals from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In agreement with the other STEM areas, several women have greatly contributed to bioinformatics ascension; however, they had to surpass prejudice and stereotypes to achieve recognition and leadership positions, a path that studies have demonstrated to be more comfortable to their male colleagues. In this review, we discuss the several difficulties that women in STEM, including bioinformatics, surpass during their careers. First, we present a historical context on bioinformatics and the main applications for this area. Then, we discuss gender disparity in STEM and present the challenges that still contribute to women's inequality in STEM compared to their male colleagues. We also present the opportunities and the transformation that we can start, acting in academia, inside the family and school environments, and as a society, hence contributing to gender equality in STEM. Finally, we discuss specific challenges in the bioinformatics field and how we can act to overcome them, especially in low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Câmara Giudicelli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara de Freitas Pinho
- Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Körbes Rockenbach
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Informática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Is cybervetting valuable? INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/iop.2022.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCybervetting is the widespread practice of employers culling information from social media and/or other internet sources to screen and select job candidates. Research evaluating online screening is still in its infancy; that which exists often assumes that it offers value and utility to employers as long as they can avoid discrimination claims. Given the increasing prevalence of cybervetting, it is extremely important to probe its challenges and limitations. We seek to initiate a discussion about the negative consequences of online screening and how they can be overcome. We draw on previous literature and our own data to assess the implications of cybervetting for three key stakeholders: job candidates, hiring agents, and organizations. We also discuss future actions these stakeholders can take to manage and ameliorate harmful outcomes of cybervetting. We argue that it is the responsibility of the organizations engaged in cybervetting to identify specific goals, develop formal policies and practices, and continuously evaluate outcomes so that negative societal consequences are minimized. Should they fail to do so, professional and industry associations as well as government can and should hold them accountable.
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Wilkins-Yel KG, Arnold A, Bekki J, Natarajan M, Bernstein B, Randall AK. “I can't push off my own Mental Health”: Chilly STEM Climates, Mental Health, and STEM Persistence among Black, Latina, and White Graduate Women. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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In Their Footsteps or Shadow? Gender Differences in Choosing a STEM Major as a Function of Sibling Configuration and Older Sibling’s Gender and Math Ability. SEX ROLES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the association between siblings’ compositional characteristics and educational performance has been extensively studied, the question of whether the features of a sibling group are related to substantive gendered educational preferences has not been examined. Our analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY-79) Mothers and Children Files (N = 1545; 57% young women; 22% STEM major) showed that siblings’ compositional characteristics matter for STEM major preferences in college, but only for young women. Our findings indicated that women were more likely to prefer a STEM major if they were raised in smaller sibling groups, in male sibling group dominance, and if they had an older sister with high math achievement. These results are in line with the resource dilution approach; they shed light on the effects of being in a normative male-role sibling group climate; and they suggest that gendered outcomes are shaped by the interplay of role modeling and same-gender competitive stimulation. We also found that for young men, their preference for majoring in a STEM field was mostly driven by their own math ability. These findings suggest that socialization experiences that operate on the sibling level play a crucial role in whether girls become interested in and pursue “gender-atypical” educational choices. Our findings also underscore the need to differentiate these theoretical approaches by gender, particularly when applied to gendered outcomes such as STEM career trajectories.
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5
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Clark A, Stenholm S, Pentti J, Salo P, Lange T, Török E, Xu T, Fabricius J, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Hulvej Rod N. Workplace discrimination as risk factor for long-term sickness absence: Longitudinal analyses of onset and changes in workplace adversity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255697. [PMID: 34351965 PMCID: PMC8341535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Workplace discrimination may affect the health of the exposed employees, but it is not known whether workplace discrimination is also associated with an increased risk of long-term sickness absence. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of changes in and onset of workplace discrimination with the risk of long-term sickness absence. Data on workplace discrimination were obtained from 29,597 employees participating in survey waves 2004, 2006, 2008 and/or 2010 of the Finnish Public Sector Study. Four-year changes in long-term sickness absence (≥10 days of medically certified absence with a mental or non-mental diagnosis) were assessed. This covered successive study waves in analyses of onset of workplace discrimination as well as fixed effect analyses of change in workplace discrimination (concurrent i.e. during the exposure year and 1-year lagged i.e. within one year following exposure), by using each employee as his/her own control. The risk of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders was greater for employees with vs. without onset of workplace discrimination throughout the 4-year period, reaching a peak at the year when the onset of discrimination was reported (adjusted risk ratio 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–2.52). The fixed effects analyses showed that workplace discrimination was associated with higher odds of concurrent, but not 1-year lagged, long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.61; 95% CI 1.33–1.96 and adjusted odds ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.83–1.25, respectively). Long-term sickness absence due to non-mental conditions was not associated with workplace discrimination. In conclusion, these findings suggest that workplace discrimination is associated with an elevated risk of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders. Supporting an acute effect, the excess risk was confined to the year when workplace discrimination occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Clark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (AC); (SS)
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail: (AC); (SS)
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eszter Török
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Fabricius
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Lorello GR, Gautam M, Barned C, Peer M. Impact of the intersection of anaesthesia and gender on burnout and mental health, illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia 2021; 76 Suppl 4:24-31. [PMID: 33682104 PMCID: PMC8251311 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physician burnout and poor mental health are prevalent and often stigmatised. Anaesthetists may be at particular risk and this is further increased for women anaesthetists due to biases and inequities within the specialty. However, gender-related risk factors for and experiences of burnout and poor mental health remain under-researched and under-reported. This negatively impacts individual practitioners, the anaesthesia workforce and patients and carries significant financial implications. We discuss the impact of anaesthesia and gender on burnout and mental health using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example illustrating how women and men differentially experience stressors and burnout. COVID-19 has further accentuated the gendered effects of burnout and poor mental health on anaesthetists and brought further urgency to the need to address these issues. While both personal and organisational factors contribute to burnout and poor mental health, organisational changes that recognise and acknowledge inequities are pivotal to bolster physician mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Lorello
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - M. Gautam
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - C. Barned
- University Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoONCanada
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research UnitInstitut de recherches cliniques de MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - M. Peer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoONCanada
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8
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Urbina-Blanco CA, Jilani SZ, Speight IR, Bojdys MJ, Friščić T, Stoddart JF, Nelson TL, Mack J, Robinson RA, Waddell EA, Lutkenhaus JL, Godfrey M, Abboud MI, Aderinto SO, Aderohunmu D, Bibič L, Borges J, Dong VM, Ferrins L, Fung FM, John T, Lim FP, Masters SL, Mambwe D, Thordarson P, Titirici MM, Tormet-González GD, Unterlass MM, Wadle A, Yam VWW, Yang YW. A diverse view of science to catalyse change: valuing diversity leads to scientific excellence, the progress of science and, most importantly, it is simply the right thing to do. We must value diversity not only in words, but also in actions. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Safia Z. Jilani
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States
| | | | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toby L. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - James Mack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Emanuel A. Waddell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Murrell Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Martine I. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Damilola Aderohunmu
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Lučka Bibič
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - João Borges
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vy M. Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fun Man Fung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Torsten John
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicia P.L. Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sarah L. Masters
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Dickson Mambwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Capetown, South Africa
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Austin Wadle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vivian W.-W. Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Urbina-Blanco CA, Jilani SZ, Speight IR, Bojdys MJ, Friščić T, Stoddart JF, Nelson TL, Mack J, Robinson RAS, Waddell EA, Lutkenhaus JL, Godfrey M, Abboud MI, Aderinto SO, Aderohunmu D, Bibič L, Borges J, Dong VM, Ferrins L, Fung FM, John T, Lim FPL, Masters SL, Mambwe D, Thordarson P, Titirici MM, Tormet-González GD, Unterlass MM, Wadle A, Yam VWW, Yang YW. A Diverse View of Science to Catalyse Change. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14393-14396. [PMID: 32803980 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Safia Z Jilani
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Isaiah R Speight
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, United Kingdon.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toby L Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - James Mack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Emanuel A Waddell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
| | - Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Murrell Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen O Aderinto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Damilola Aderohunmu
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Lučka Bibič
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - João Borges
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Fun Man Fung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Torsten John
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicia P L Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sarah L Masters
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Dickson Mambwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Capetown, South Africa
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miriam M Unterlass
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Austin Wadle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Vivian W-W Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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10
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Semu LL. The Intersectionality of Race and Trajectories of African Women into the Nursing Career in the United States. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10040069. [PMID: 32218235 PMCID: PMC7225980 DOI: 10.3390/bs10040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses narratives of Malawian-born registered nurses working in the United States to capture pathways through which African women are entering the nursing profession. The paper highlights how race, immigrant status and language acts as potential sources of discrimination within the nursing profession. The paper utilizes intersectionality as a feminist framework that places black women's experiences at the center of analysis to capture the multidimensionality of their experiences. The qualitative study highlights the multiple pathways through which African immigrant women enter the nursing profession and how being African, immigrant female nurses predisposes them to discrimination in their interactions with employment institutions and patients. Focusing on African women's experiences as recent immigrants enriches the global migration narrative and helps contextualize the intersectionality of race, gender and discrimination within particular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Semu
- Department of Sociology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
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11
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Discrimination Toward Physicians of Color: A Systematic Review. J Natl Med Assoc 2020; 112:117-140. [PMID: 32197899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review published research exploring workplace discrimination toward physicians of color with a focus on discrimination from patients. METHOD The authors searched PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, and Web of Science from 1990 through 2017 and performed supplemental manual bibliographic searches. Eligible studies were in English and assessed workplace discrimination experienced by physicians of color practicing in the U.S. including physicians from ethnic/racial groups underrepresented in medicine, Asians, and international medical graduates. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, 3 reviewers read the full text of eligible studies, and 2 reviewers extracted data and appraised quality using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative research or the AXIS tool for quality of cross-sectional studies. RESULTS Of the 19 eligible studies, 6 conducted surveys and 13 analyzed data from interviews and/or focus groups; most were medium quality. All provided evidence to support the high prevalence of workplace discrimination experienced by physicians of color, particularly black physicians and women of color. Discrimination was associated with adverse effects on career, work environment, and health. In the few studies inquiring about patient interactions, discrimination was predominantly refusal of care. No study evaluated an intervention to reduce workplace discrimination experienced by physicians of color. Ethnic/racial groups were inconsistent across studies, and some samples included physicians in Canada, non-physician faculty, or trainees. CONCLUSION With physicians of color comprising a growing percentage of the U.S. physician workforce, healthcare organizations must examine and implement effective ways to ensure a healthy and supportive work environment.
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12
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Urbina-Blanco CA, Jilani SZ, Speight IR, Bojdys MJ, Friščić T, Stoddart JF, Nelson TL, Mack J, Robinson RAS, Waddell EA, Lutkenhaus JL, Godfrey M, Abboud MI, Aderinto SO, Aderohunmu D, Bibič L, Borges J, Dong VM, Ferrins L, Fung FM, John T, Lim FPL, Masters SL, Mambwe D, Thordarson P, Titirici MM, Tormet-González GD, Unterlass MM, Wadle A, Yam VWW, Yang YW. A diverse view of science to catalyse change. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc90150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valuing diversity leads to scientific excellence, the progress of science and, most importantly, it is simply the right thing to do. We must value diversity not only in words, but also in actions.
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13
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Hack T, Garcia AL, Goodfriend W, Habashi MM, Hoover AE. When It Is Not So Funny: Prevalence of Friendly Sexist Teasing and Consequences to Gender Self-Esteem. Psychol Rep 2019; 123:1934-1965. [PMID: 31852348 DOI: 10.1177/0033294119896045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates the phenomenon of "friendly" sexist teases (FSTs), which we define as playful intergroup teases that are based on the negative gender stereotypes that devalue one's gender group. We first employed a diary study to explore the prevalence of FSTs in college students' everyday life and found that this type of teasing tends to occur in social situations and often between close others. In a second study, we experimentally manipulated perceived closeness with the teaser. We predicted that individuals teased by someone with whom they shared a perceived closeness would interpret FSTs as playful fun; therefore, the tease would not have a negative psychological effect. We further predicted that those teased by someone less close would likely focus on the literal content of the sexist tease, resulting in negative consequences to gender self-esteem. Results supported these predictions and provided insight into the phenomenon of FSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tay Hack
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ann E Hoover
- University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
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Miner KN, January SC, Dray KK, Carter-Sowell AR. Is it always this cold? Chilly interpersonal climates as a barrier to the well-being of early-career women faculty in STEM. EQUALITY DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-07-2018-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this project was to examine the extent to which early-career women faculty in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) experience working in a chilly interpersonal climate (as indicated by experiences of ostracism and incivility) and how those experiences relate to work and non-work well-being outcomes.Design/methodology/approachData came from a sample of 96 early-career STEM faculty (Study 1) and a sample of 68 early-career women STEM faculty (Study 2). Both samples completed online surveys assessing their experiences of working in a chilly interpersonal climate and well-being.FindingsIn Study 1, early-career women STEM faculty reported greater experiences of ostracism and incivility and more negative occupational well-being outcomes associated with these experiences compared to early-career men STEM faculty. In Study 2, early-career women STEM faculty reported more ostracism and incivility from their male colleagues than from their female colleagues. Experiences of ostracism (and, to a lesser extent, incivility) from male colleagues also related to negative occupational and psychological well-being outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper documents that exposure to a chilly interpersonal climate in the form of ostracism and incivility is a potential explanation for the lack and withdrawal of junior women faculty in STEM academic fields.
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A Model of Threatening Academic Environments Predicts Women STEM Majors’ Self-Esteem and Engagement in STEM. SEX ROLES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-018-0942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Di Marco D, Arenas A, Giorgi G, Arcangeli G, Mucci N. Be Friendly, Stay Well: The Effects of Job Resources on Well-Being in a Discriminatory Work Environment. Front Psychol 2018; 9:413. [PMID: 29666596 PMCID: PMC5891603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the negative effects of discrimination on workers’ well-being. However, discrimination does not affect just victims but also those people who witness discriminatory acts or who perceived they are working in a discriminatory work environment. Although perceiving a discriminatory work environment might be a stressor, the presence of job resources might counteract its negative effects, as suggested by the Job Demand-Resources model. The goal of this study is to test the effect of perceiving a discriminatory work environment on workers’ psychological well-being when job autonomy and co-workers and supervisor support act as mediator and moderators respectively. To test the moderated mediation model data were gathered with a sample of Italian 114 truckers. Results demonstrated that job autonomy partially mediates the relationship between perceiving a discriminatory work environment and workers’ well-being. Main interactional effects have been observed when co-workers support is introduced in the model as moderator, while no main interactional effects exist when supervisor support is introduced. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Di Marco
- Business Research Unit, University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia Arenas
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriele Giorgi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Interaction-Dominant Causation in Mind and Brain, and Its Implication for Questions of Generalization and Replication. Minds Mach (Dordr) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11023-017-9455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dickens DD, Chavez EL. Navigating the Workplace: The Costs and Benefits of Shifting Identities at Work among Early Career U.S. Black Women. SEX ROLES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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