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Berger-Estilita J, Fritsche L, El-Boghdadly K, Dias CC, Zdravkovic M. European anesthesiologists' experiences with gender-based mistreatment in the workplace: a secondary multilevel regression analysis. Korean J Anesthesiol 2024; 77:46-57. [PMID: 38087649 PMCID: PMC10834715 DOI: 10.4097/kja.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace gender-based mistreatment (GBM) refers to negative or harmful behaviors directed towards employees. In healthcare settings, this can lead to job dissatisfaction and underperformance and potentially compromise patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine workplace GBM among European anesthesiologists and produce the first European Gender-based Mistreatment Rank in Anesthesiology. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis from a worldwide cross-sectional survey database consisting of a 46-item questionnaire exploring, among other outcomes, gender bias attributable to workplace attitudes. The survey completion rate was 80.8%. All respondents were selected from European countries. Associations between mistreatment and the remaining variables were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A generalized linear mixed model was then used to quantify the impact of mistreatment in each European country. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS This study included 5,795 respondents from 43 European countries. The independent predictors of GBM were as follows: female gender, younger age, perceiving gender as a disadvantage for leadership, and perceiving gender as a disadvantage for research. The full model was statistically significant, indicating an ability to distinguish between those who experienced GBM and those who did not (P < 0.001). Thus, 26 European countries were ranked based on the prevalence of mistreatment, with Italy showing the best performance (lowest prevalence). CONCLUSIONS The aim of our study was to provide preliminary insight into GBM in anesthesiology in Europe, function as a key benchmark for gender equity, and chart the evolution of disparities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Berger-Estilita
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Salemspital, Hirslanden Medical Group, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Medical Education, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- CINTESIS@RISE, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Kariem El-Boghdadly
- Department of Anesthesia, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia Camila Dias
- CINTESIS@RISE, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Knowledge Management Unit and Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marko Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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García-Cabrera AM, Suárez-Ortega SM, Gutiérrez-Pérez FJ, Miranda-Martel MJ. The influence of supervisor supportive behaviors on subordinate job satisfaction: the moderating effect of gender similarity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1233212. [PMID: 38222844 PMCID: PMC10785647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper analyses the influence that different supervisor supportive behaviors have on subordinate job satisfaction, while considering the gender of individuals involved (supervisor and subordinate). The empirical evidence provided by a sample of 29,833 subordinates from 35 European countries collected by Eurofound through the European Working Condition Survey allows us to assert the following. First, subordinate job satisfaction depends on their perceptions about the supportive behaviors provided by their supervisors in terms of respect, giving recognition for a job well done, coordinating work, helping get the job done, and encouraging the professional development of the subordinate. Second, job satisfaction is affected by supervisor gender, although in the opposite direction as hypothesized, such that when the supervisor is a woman, subordinates report lower job satisfaction. Third, also contrary to our expectations, supervisor-subordinate gender similarity reduces, rather than increases, subordinate job satisfaction. Fourth, gender similarity, as expected, weakens the impact of several supervisor supportive behaviors on this job satisfaction (i.e., giving recognition, coordinating work, helping get the job done, and encouraging development). In terms of practical implications, this work suggests that it is advisable for supervisors to show supportive behaviors toward subordinates. In addition, because demonstrating respect at work is not moderated by gender similarity and seems to be the most impactful supportive behavior for enhancing job satisfaction, supervisors should pay particular attention to the respect of subordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia María Suárez-Ortega
- Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Weiss M, Dogan R, Jeltema HR, Hatipoglu Majernik G, Venturini S, Ryang YM, Darie L, Engel D, Ferreira A, Ilic T, Lawson McLean AC, Malli A, Mielke D, Vanchaze K, Hernández-Durán S. Women in leadership positions in European neurosurgery - Have we broken the glass ceiling? BRAIN & SPINE 2023; 3:101777. [PMID: 37701290 PMCID: PMC10493481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2023.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The proportion of male neurosurgeons has historically been higher than of women, although at least equal numbers of women have been entering European medical schools. The Diversity Committee (DC) of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) was founded recently to address this phenomenon. Research question In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to characterize the status quo of female leadership by assessing the proportion of women heading European neurosurgical departments. Material and methods European neurosurgical departments were retrieved from the EANS repository. The gender of all department chairs was determined via departmental websites or by personal contact. The proportion of females was stratified by region and by type of hospital (university versus non-university). Results A total of 41 (4.3%) female department chairs were identified in 961 neurosurgery departments in 41 European countries. Two thirds (68.3%) of European countries do not have a female neurosurgery chair. The highest proportion of female chairs was found in Northern Europe (11.1%), owing to four female chairs in a relatively small number of departments (n = 36). The proportions were considerably smaller in Western Europe (n = 17/312 (5.5%)), Southern Europe (n = 14/353 (4.0%)) and Central and Eastern Europe (n = 6/260 (2.3%)) (p = 0.06). The distribution of female chairs in university (n = 19 (46.3%)) versus non-university departments (n = 22 (53.7%)) was even. Discussion and Conclusion There is a significant gender imbalance with 4% of all European neurosurgery departments headed by women. The DC intends to develop strategies to support equal chances and normalize the presence of female leaders in European neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Weiss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rabia Dogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanne-Rinck Jeltema
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gökce Hatipoglu Majernik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Venturini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mi Ryang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Spine Therapy, HELIOS Hospital Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Darie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Doortje Engel
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tijana Ilic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Du Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Antonia Malli
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Dorothee Mielke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - for the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' Diversity Committee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Spine Therapy, HELIOS Hospital Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Du Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Lucas Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Scheifele C, Ehrke F, Viladot MA, Van Laar C, Steffens MC. Testing the basic socio‐structural assumptions of social identity theory in the gender context: Evidence from correlational studies on women's leadership. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Scheifele
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Research Foundation—Flanders Brussels Belgium
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Franziska Ehrke
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Maria A. Viladot
- Estudis de Psicologia Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - Colette Van Laar
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Melanie C. Steffens
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
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Scheifele C, Ehrke F, Viladot MA, Van Laar C, Steffens MC. Testing the basic socio‐structural assumptions of social identity theory in the gender context: Evidence from correlational studies on women's leadership. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Scheifele
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Research Foundation — Flanders Brussels Belgium
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Franziska Ehrke
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | | | - Colette Van Laar
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Melanie C. Steffens
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
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Morales Rodríguez FM, Rodríguez Clares R, García Muñoz MR. Influence of Resilience, Everyday Stress, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, and Empathy on Attitudes toward Sexual and Gender Diversity Rights. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176219. [PMID: 32867132 PMCID: PMC7503556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study forms part of the project “Cross-disciplinary education for sexual, body, and gender diversity” (Code 419). The aim of this study was to analyze the role played by the psychoeducational variables involved in burnout (resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, empathy, and everyday stress) on attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity rights. Participants comprised 170 university students undertaking a degree in primary education. Instruments were administered to assess the constructs analyzed, ensuring informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity, and data confidentiality. An ex post facto design was employed to determine whether attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity rights are influenced by the possible relationships and role of these variables. We found statistically significant associations between students’ attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity at all three levels (sociocultural, relational, and personal) and the variable of burnout. Attitudes towards gender sexual orientation and gender identity rights influence burnout, and vice versa. As we ponder deeply about how these factors influence one another, we can shift our perspectives in a way that builds social harmony. It is important to learn how exactly these influences work, and this knowledge translates into making teaching strategies more effective to help raise awareness about guaranteeing rights for all. At the personal level of students’ attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity/equality, we found positive correlations between this level and the total score for the variable of resilience and with its factor of personal competence. The data obtained will be of use for future psychoeducational assessment and intervention programs related to an education in sexual orientation and gender identity rights that are aimed at developing socio-emotional competencies and attention to diversity with the ultimate goal of improving social harmony by dismantling stereotypes and raising awareness of the importance of the variables of resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, empathy, and everyday stress which highlights how “education is an instrument of social transformation”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-680-976-92
| | - René Rodríguez Clares
- Inserta Andalusia, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - María Remedios García Muñoz
- Interdisciplinary Studies of Women Seminar, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Malaga, Teatinos Campus, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
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