1
|
Johnsen DB, Lomholt JJ, Heyne D, Jensen MB, Jeppesen P, Silverman WK, Thastum M. The Effectiveness of Modular Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Youths Displaying School Attendance Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01196-8. [PMID: 38739306 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
School attendance problems (SAPs) are associated with negative short- and long-term outcomes. Despite high prevalence of SAPs, there is a shortage of evidence-based interventions. Existing approaches often target either school refusal or truancy, leaving a gap in effective interventions addressing both types of SAPs. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effectiveness of Back2School (B2S), a modular transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for SAPs, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Outcomes included youths' school attendance and mental health. A group (B2S, TAU) × time (Pre, Post, 3-Month Follow-Up) design involving 152 youths (B2S; n = 74, TAU; n = 78) with SAPs (i.e., ≥ 10% absence in the past three months), aged 6-16 years (M = 12.2, SD = 2.2, males = 60%) were used. B2S comprised three months of CBT with youths, parents, and school involvement, while TAU comprised public and/or private intervention services. On average, youths in B2S received 15.0, (SD = 3.9) hours of intervention, while those in TAU received 13.4, (SD = 21.6). Intervention effects were investigated using mixed linear models. Both B2S and TAU exhibited significant within-group improvements in school attendance, with no significant differences between them. However, the B2S group significantly outperformed TAU in reducing youths' emotional problems, conduct problems, problems with peers, the overall impact of problems, and increasing youths self-efficacy for attending school and parent self-efficacy for dealing with a SAP. This RCT represents the first evaluation of a modular transdiagnostic CBT for youths displaying SAPs, showing significant mental health and self-efficacy benefits. (Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03459677).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Johnsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne J Lomholt
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- TrygFonden's Centre for Child Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Heyne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morten B Jensen
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Jeppesen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Mikael Thastum
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heyne D. Practitioner Review: Signposts for Enhancing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for School Refusal in Adolescence. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 51:61-76. [PMID: 36111580 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Factors associated with adolescent development influence the occurrence and presentation of school refusal (SR). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) manuals for the treatment of SR account for these developmental issues to varying degrees. Some multimodal treatments aim to address the complexity of adolescent SR by incorporating interventions alongside CBT, such as medication, inpatient treatment, and educational support in a special setting. However, CBT manuals and multimodal treatments appear to fail to help approximately one-third to two-thirds of adolescents, with respect to achieving regular school attendance. This paper provides an overview of suggestions in the literature for improving treatment for SR, with a focus on adolescent SR. Seven signposts emerge from the literature, namely, increased number or frequency of sessions, greater attention to social anxiety disorder and social functioning, greater attention to depression, greater attention to emotion regulation, careful consideration of the role of parents, greater attention to parent-adolescent communication and problem-solving, and the use of alternative educational settings. Professionals may find these signposts helpful when planning and delivering treatment for SR in adolescents. Research is needed to determine the benefit of including one or more of these adaptations alongside an existing SR treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Heyne
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stubberud J, Hypher R, Brandt AE, Finnanger TG, Skovlund E, Andersson S, Risnes K, Rø TB. Predictors of Functional School Outcome in Children With Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:872469. [PMID: 35493829 PMCID: PMC9047759 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.872469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Among the variety of domains that may be impacted after pediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) are functional school outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, medical, and psychological factors associated with impairments in functional school outcomes, defined as school absence, need of educational and psychological services, quality of life (QoL) in the school setting, and academic performance in children with pABI, with a specific emphasis on the significance of fatigue. Materials and Method We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of seventy-six children aged 10 to 17 (M = 13 yrs) with pABI in the chronic phase (>1 year). All completed assessments of school-related QoL, academic performance, global functioning, fatigue, IQ, behavioral problems, and executive function. Results Fatigue, IQ, global functioning, behavioral problems, and sex emerged as potential predictors for functional school outcomes. Of note, overall fatigue emerged as the strongest potential predictor for parent-reported QoL in school (β = 0.548; p < 0.001) and self-reported QoL in school (β = 0.532; p < 0.001). Conclusions Following pABI, specific psychological, medical, and demographic factors are associated with functional school outcomes. Neither of the injury-related variables age at insult and time since insult were associated with functional school outcomes. Overall, our findings may suggest that a reintroduction to school with personalized accommodations tailored to the child's specific function and symptoms, such as fatigue, is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stubberud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Jan Stubberud
| | - Ruth Hypher
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne E. Brandt
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torun G. Finnanger
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein Andersson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Risnes
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein B. Rø
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnsen DB, Lomholt JJ, Heyne D, Jeppesen P, Jensen MB, Silverman WK, Thastum M. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of youths and parents seeking psychological treatment for school attendance problems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261449. [PMID: 35081106 PMCID: PMC8791456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of school attendance problems (SAPs) is needed to inform treatments targeting SAPs and protecting youths from negative outcomes associated with SAPs. OBJECTIVES This study examined the school absence, absence categories (i.e., absence due to illness, excused, non-excused), sociodemographic characteristics, and mental health problems among youths seeking psychological treatment for SAPs. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 152 help-seeking youths with SAPs (i.e., >10% absenteeism) and their parents were examined. The data were derived from the baseline assessment conducted before treatment start. RESULTS Older youths, youths with mental health problems, and youths whose parents had mental health problems exhibited higher levels of absence. Lower levels of non-excused absence were found among youths with highly educated fathers, and youths living with both parents. Many youths had clinical levels of anxiety, depression, or 'emotional and behavioral difficulties'. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need for early intervention, addressing a broad range of mental health problems. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03459677.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Johnsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanne J. Lomholt
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- TrygFonden’s Centre for Child Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Heyne
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pia Jeppesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services—Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten B. Jensen
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wendy K. Silverman
- Yale University Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mikael Thastum
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Virtanen T, Räikkönen E, Engels M, Vasalampi K, Lerkkanen MK. Student engagement, truancy, and cynicism: A longitudinal study from primary school to upper secondary education. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Kearney CA. Integrating Systemic and Analytic Approaches to School Attendance Problems: Synergistic Frameworks for Research and Policy Directions. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Heyne D, Strömbeck J, Alanko K, Bergström M, Ulriksen R. A Scoping Review of Constructs Measured Following Intervention for School Refusal: Are We Measuring Up? Front Psychol 2020; 11:1744. [PMID: 32973595 PMCID: PMC7468385 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reviews of the effectiveness of interventions for school refusal (SR) rely upon well-conducted primary studies. Currently there are no guidelines for those conducting primary studies about the measurement of outcome following intervention for SR. Most people would agree that it is important to measure school attendance as an outcome but there has been little discussion about other constructs that warrant measurement. To facilitate this discussion and support the development of guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of constructs measured in studies evaluating intervention for SR. We screened the title and abstract of 3,213 publications found in peer-reviewed journals between 1980 and 2019. After full text review of 271 publications, 50 publications describing 51 studies were included. Results address the frequency with which constructs were measured, along with instruments used, informants, and time-points for measurement. Based on the results, we offer guidelines for choosing constructs to measure following intervention for SR and considerations for how to measure the constructs. Guidelines can increase consistency across primary studies, with benefits for future meta-analyses and international comparisons. They also provide support for practitioners contemplating routine evaluation of their interventions for SR. Ultimately, a core outcome set for SR can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Heyne
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Strömbeck
- Magelungen Utveckling AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Katarina Alanko
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|