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Amanvermez Y, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Ciharova M, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC, Klein AM, Wiers RW, de Wit LM. Sources of stress among domestic and international students: a cross-sectional study of university students in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:428-445. [PMID: 38047318 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High perceived stress is associated with psychological and academic difficulties among college students. In this study, we aimed to investigate associations of student status (international vs domestic student in the Netherlands) with eight common sources of stress (i.e., financial, health, love life, relationship with family, relationship with people at work/ school, the health of loved ones, other problems of loved ones, and life in general). Participants were 2,196 college students (domestic: n = 1,642, international: n = 554) from two universities in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations of student status with all eight sources of stress. Student status was significantly associated with higher levels of perceived stress in almost all life domains. International student status was significantly associated with higher perceived stress in the domains of financial situation and health of loved ones after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and other sources of stress. Findings highlight that several differences exist in the magnitude of perceived stress in certain areas between international and domestic students in the Netherlands. Consequently, it is essential to uncover the different needs of college students and develop specific strategies to deliver the most suitable services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Amanvermez
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marketa Ciharova
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anke M Klein
- Developmental and Educational Psychology of the Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonore M de Wit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Koelen J, Klein A, Wolters N, Bol E, De Koning L, Roetink S, Van Blom J, Boutin B, Schaaf J, Grasman R, Van der Heijde CM, Salemink E, Riper H, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Schneider S, Rapee R, Vonk P, Wiers R. Web-Based, Human-Guided, or Computer-Guided Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in University Students With Anxiety and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e50503. [PMID: 38896474 DOI: 10.2196/50503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet-based cognitive behavioral interventions (iCBTs) are efficacious treatments for depression and anxiety. However, it is unknown whether adding human guidance is feasible and beneficial within a large educational setting. OBJECTIVE This study aims to potentially demonstrate the superiority of 2 variants of a transdiagnostic iCBT program (human-guided and computer-guided iCBT) over care as usual (CAU) in a large sample of university students and the superiority of human-guided iCBT over computer-guided iCBT. METHODS A total of 801 students with elevated levels of anxiety, depression, or both from a large university in the Netherlands were recruited as participants and randomized to 1 of 3 conditions: human-guided iCBT, computer-guided iCBT, and CAU. The primary outcome measures were depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale). Secondary outcomes included substance use-related problems (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Test-10 items). Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of time, treatment group, and their interactions (slopes). The primary research question was whether the 3 conditions differed in improvement over 3 time points (baseline, midtreatment, and after treatment) in terms of depression and anxiety symptoms. Results were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle using multiple imputation. Patients were followed exploratively from baseline to 6 and 12 months. RESULTS In both short-term and long-term analyses, the slopes for the 3 conditions did not differ significantly in terms of depression and anxiety, although both web-based interventions were marginally more efficacious than CAU over 6 months (P values between .02 and .03). All groups showed significant improvement over time (P<.001). For the secondary outcomes, only significant improvements over time (across and not between groups) were found for drug use (P<.001). Significant differences were found in terms of adherence, indicating that participants in the human-guided condition did more sessions than those in the computer-guided condition (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS The transdiagnostic iCBT program offers a practical, feasible, and efficacious alternative to usual care to tackle mental health problems in a large university setting. There is no indication that human guidance should be preferred over technological guidance. The potential preference of human support also depends on the scale of implementation and cost-effectiveness, which need to be addressed in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Clinical Trials Registry Platform NL7328/NTR7544; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL-OMON26795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurrijn Koelen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke Klein
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nine Wolters
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline Bol
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa De Koning
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samantha Roetink
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorien Van Blom
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Boutin
- Technical Support Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica Schaaf
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raoul Grasman
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Maria Van der Heijde
- Department of Research, Development and Prevention, Student Health Service, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elske Salemink
- Experimental Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Riper
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ronald Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Vonk
- Department of Research, Development and Prevention, Student Health Service, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout Wiers
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Brooke-Sumner C, Machisa MT, Sikweyiya Y, Mahlangu P. Group-format, peer-facilitated mental health promotion interventions for students in higher education settings: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080629. [PMID: 38830731 PMCID: PMC11149131 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young people in higher education face various stressors that can make them vulnerable to mental ill-health. Mental health promotion in this group therefore has important potential benefits. Peer-facilitated and group-format interventions may be feasible and sustainable. The scoping review outlined in this protocol aims to map the literature on group-format, peer-facilitated, in-person interventions for mental health promotion for higher education students attending courses on campuses in high and low/middle-income countries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Relevant studies will be identified through conducting searches of electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC and PsycINFO. Searches will be conducted using Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and truncation functions appropriate for each database. We will include a grey literature search. We will include articles from student participants of any gender, and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2023. We will include English-language studies and all study types including randomised controlled trials, pilot studies and descriptive studies of intervention development. A draft charting table has been developed, which includes the fields: author, publication date, country/countries, aims, population and sample size, demographics, methods, intervention type, comparisons, peer training, number of sessions/duration of intervention, outcomes and details of measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No primary data will be collected from research participants to produce this review so ethics committee approval is not required. All data will be collated from published peer-reviewed studies already in the public domain. We will publish the review in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal accessible to researchers in low/middle-income countries. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/agbfj/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Brooke-Sumner
- Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mercilene T Machisa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yandisa Sikweyiya
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pinky Mahlangu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Chauhan S, Babu AM, Galgalo DA, Melczer C, Prémusz V, Karsai I. Effect of yoga in medical students to reduce the level of depression, anxiety, and stress: pilot study (Goodbye Stress with Yoga GSY). BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:203. [PMID: 38790041 PMCID: PMC11127401 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally medical students reported high level of stress sensitivity, stress intensity and depression or anxiety. Yoga is proven to be a one of the most effective anxiolytic tools. The current study specifically designed to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the level of stress, depression, and anxiety of medical student at the University of Pécs. METHODS Twenty-eight medical students from the University of Pécs, with an average age of 23.54 ± 4.36 years and a BMI of 22.42 ± 3.42 kg/m2, participated in a 10-week yoga intervention. In the current study, the DASS-21 was employed to gather information on stress, depression, and anxiety, while self-reported health and quality of life were assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to examine the distribution of the data. The choice between the paired sampled T-test and the Wilcoxon signed test was determined based on the distribution of the data. RESULTS The intervention group exhibited a mean and standard deviation of depression pre- and post-yoga 10.14 ± 10.60 and 7.21 ± 8.56, similarly the values for anxiety were 8.57 ± 10.09 and 5.51 ± 7.42, and for stress values were 12.79 ± 10.73 and 9.64 ± 9.71 respectively. Notably, this outcome attribute to a significant in decreased depression (p = 0.019), anxiety (p = 0.049) among the participants. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of Yoga Intervention significantly decreased in levels of depression and anxiety. By this current study we were able to confirm the necessity of Yoga Intervention with our primary survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Chauhan
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, Pécs, Pécs, H-7621, Hungary.
- Physical Education and Exercise Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ann Mary Babu
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dahabo Adi Galgalo
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, Pécs, Pécs, H-7621, Hungary
| | - Csaba Melczer
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Physical Activity Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Prémusz
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, Pécs, Pécs, H-7621, Hungary
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Physical Activity Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Karsai
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, Pécs, Pécs, H-7621, Hungary
- Physical Education and Exercise Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Wang D, Martin K, Hogg-Johnson S, Papaconstantinou E, Côté P. Prevalence of problematic psychological symptoms in samples of Canadian postsecondary students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38713863 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2342343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the one-month prevalence of problematic psychological symptoms among Canadian postsecondary students, and to compare the prevalence by student characteristics. PARTICIPANTS Three samples of students from two postsecondary institutions. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, we measured self-reported problems related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress using questions from the functioning module of the WHO Model Disability Survey. We used modified Poisson regression modeling to compute prevalence ratios (95%CI) to compare the prevalence by student characteristics. RESULTS Our study included 1392 students (participation rate 35%-77%). Across samples, the one-month prevalence of moderate-extreme problems ranged from 50.8%-64.7% for anxiety, 41.2%-60.8% for stress, and 29.4%-43.6% for depression. Such problems were consistently more prevalent among females, poor-quality sleepers, students with food insecurity and those with insufficient social support. CONCLUSIONS Significant burden of problems related to psychological symptoms exists within the postsecondary student population and varies by student characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krystle Martin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Canada
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Efrosini Papaconstantinou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Underwood E, Horita R, Imamura N, Fukao T, Adachi M, Tajirika S, Izurieta R, Yamamoto M. Changes in Mental Health among Japanese University Students during the COVID-19 Era: Differences by College Department, Graduate Level, Sex, and Academic Year. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:902. [PMID: 38727459 PMCID: PMC11083469 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of academic year, college department, and undergraduate or graduate status on Japanese students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2021-2023, an online survey was conducted using the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Systems-Japanese (CCAPS-Japanese) to evaluate students' mental health; 9395 undergraduate students (4623 female, 4772 male) and 1169 graduate students (380 female, 789 male) responded. Undergraduate students in medicine had lower levels of depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety than those in other departments. Engineering students exhibited the highest level of academic distress. First-year students had the highest levels of generalized and social anxiety but the lowest level of academic distress. Second-year students had the lowest level of depression, and third-year students had the highest level of academic distress. Among graduate students, first-year students had higher levels of depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, academic distress, and hostility than second-year students. Undergraduates had poorer mental health than graduate students. Females had higher levels of eating concerns than males among undergraduate students. This study revealed that the mental health of university students was affected by various factors. These findings demonstrate the characteristics of university students requiring early support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Underwood
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ryo Horita
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (M.Y.)
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nanako Imamura
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (M.Y.)
| | - Taku Fukao
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (M.Y.)
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miho Adachi
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (M.Y.)
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoko Tajirika
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (M.Y.)
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ricardo Izurieta
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (M.Y.)
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Kaufman A, Nemeroff R. Motivation to change predicts college students' utilization of self-help resources. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38592799 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2334082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background: Stress and mental health difficulties are common burdens on college students. College counseling centers have been overrun by demand. Thus, self-help interventions may offer a promising alternative to traditional college counseling services. Methods: The current study examined the influence of perceived stress, motivation to change, and self-efficacy beliefs on college students' use of self-help resources, to determine whether these factors would predict follow-up with self-help recommendations. Results: Results of stepwise linear regression models suggest that perceived stress and self-efficacy did not predict self-help resource utilization. Different types of self-help recommendations did not predict different levels of follow-up. However, motivation to change was a significant predictor college students' self-help resource use, and this variable was particularly important when self-help recommendations were less structured. Conclusions: These findings can help to predict which college students are likely to make use of self-help resources, and inform targeted individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Kaufman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robin Nemeroff
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
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Gupta S, Fischer J, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A. Emotional regulation and suicidal ideation-Mediating roles of perceived social support and avoidant coping. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1377355. [PMID: 38629033 PMCID: PMC11018903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research has uncovered a wide prevalence variation of suicidal ideation in university students ranging from 9.7% to 58.3%. India has witnessed a 4.5% increase in suicide rates in the year 2021. The interplay between cognitive reappraisal of a stressful situation, suppression of emotional expression, and coping strategies for suicidal ideation of Indian University students is yet to be explored. We aim to determine whether suicidal ideation would differ across different types of family units, and to predict the extent to which perceived social support and avoidant coping could mediate the relation between emotion regulation processes and suicidal ideation. Methods Two hundred randomly selected University students (Mean age = 19.9, SD = 1.43) participated. Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and GLM mediation model were computed. Results and discussion Lifetime suicidal ideation significantly differed between those who stay alone and those who live in a nuclear family (p < 0.01), and also those who stay in a joint family (p < 0.05). Cognitive reappraisal predicted a reduction in suicidal ideation mediated by perceived social support (B = -0.06, p < 0.05) and avoidant coping (B = -0.07, p < 0.05). Whereas, expressive suppression predicted induced levels of suicidal ideation through perceived social support (B = 0.05, p < 0.05), and avoidant coping (B = 0.06, p < 0.05) as mediators. Conclusion Though our sample size restricts the generalization, our findings implied the importance of regular psychological consultation regarding the efficacy of the said coping processes in dealing with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Gupta
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jonathan Fischer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sakhi Roy
- Amity School of Economics, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Atreyee Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Zhang Z, Tan J, Luo Q. Associations between breakfast skipping and outcomes in neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive performance, and frailty: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38566068 PMCID: PMC10988815 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have identified a correlation between breakfast skipping and a heightened risk of mental health issues. This investigation aimed to employ a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore the potential causal links between breakfast skipping and various psychiatric, neurological disorders, cognitive performance, and frailty. METHODS Utilizing data from genome-wide association studies within European demographics, this research scrutinized the association between breakfast habits and several neuropsychiatric conditions and physical health outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Narcolepsy, Insomnia, cognitive performance, and frailty. In this MR analysis, the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was primarily utilized for evaluation. Outcomes were reported as Odds Ratios (OR) and regression coefficients (β), and underwent validation through False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrections, thereby offering a rigorous evaluation of the effects of breakfast habits on both mental and physical health dimensions. RESULTS Findings demonstrate a significant causal link between skipping breakfast and an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.54-4.88, PFDR = 0.003) and MDD (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.22-2.37, PFDR = 0.005). Conversely, no substantial causal associations were identified between breakfast skipping and AD, BD, narcolepsy, or insomnia (PFDR > 0.05). Moreover, a notable causal relationship was established between skipping breakfast and a reduction in cognitive performance (β = -0.16, 95%CI: -0.29-0.04, PFDR = 0.024) and an increase in frailty (β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.12-0.45, PFDR = 0.003). CONCLUSION The MR analysis reveals that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of ADHD, MDD, decreased cognitive performance, and greater frailty, while showing no associations were found with AD, BD, narcolepsy, or insomnia. These findings warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and emphasize the importance of regular breakfast consumption for mental and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Dagli N, Ahmad R, Haque M, Kumar S. Bibliometric Analysis of Research Papers on Academic Stress (1989-2023). Cureus 2024; 16:e55536. [PMID: 38449911 PMCID: PMC10915691 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This extensive study provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary research landscape about academic stress, emphasizing on identifying the most relevant contributors and understanding prevalent trends. The analysis included 5,375 results from the PubMed database and revealed a consistent upward trajectory with fluctuations in research paper publications over the years. Network analysis and visualization were performed using the Biblioshiny app and VOSviewer software. The analysis identified that the University of Oslo has published the highest number of research papers related to academic stress. In contrast, the Netherlands, the USA, and Australia demonstrated the highest frequency of collaboration. Analysis of keywords and their co-occurrence provides an overview of the research focus and the areas associated with psychological stress due to academics. Thematic evaluation and topic trend analysis provided insights into the evolving nature of research in academic stress. The thematic map depicts two categories of themes - motor themes, including psychological stress, its epidemiology, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mental health of university students, particularly those in medical programs; and emerging themes, including oxidative stress and risk factors, indicated evolving areas of interest. A notable observation was the scarcity of research on primary school students, signaling a gap in the existing academic stress literature. Citation analysis identified the most cited authors, countries, universities, and sources. This multifaceted examination provides a nuanced understanding of academic stress research's current state and dynamics, offering valuable insights into trends, collaborations, and thematic shifts that will guide future research in this critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dagli
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
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Rezende F, Oliveira BMPM, Poínhos R. Assessment of Intuitive Eating and Mindful Eating among Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:572. [PMID: 38470683 PMCID: PMC10931607 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mindful eating (ME) and intuitive eating (IE) in improving eating behavior, diet quality, and health is an area of increasing interest. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify the instruments used to assess ME and IE among higher education students and outcomes related to these dimensions. METHODS This review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement, through systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria selected for higher education students, levels of ME and/or IE reported, and observational and clinical studies. The exclusion criteria selected against reviews, qualitative studies, and case studies. Quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS A total of 516 initial records were identified, from which 75 were included. Cross-sectional studies were the most common research design (86.7%). Most studies were conducted with samples that were predominantly female (90.7%), White (76.0%), aged 18 to 22 years (88.4%), with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (83.0%), and in the United States (61.3%). The Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and their different versions were the most used instruments. The outcomes most studies included were eating behavior and disorders (77.3%), anthropometric assessments (47.8%), mental health (42.0%), and body image (40.6%). Regarding the quality of studies, 34.7% of studies were assigned a positive, 1.3% a negative, and 64.0% a neutral rate. CONCLUSIONS IES and MEQ were the most used instruments. RCT and cohort studies are scarce, and future research with a higher level of quality is needed, especially on the topics of food consumption, diet quality, and biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Rezende
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (LIIAD, INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;
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12
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Pierce J, Shaikh S, Zubieta CS, Zhu G. The Pain Research Enrichment Program (PREP): Developing an immersive program for research assistants at an academic medical center. J Clin Transl Sci 2024; 8:e50. [PMID: 38510693 PMCID: PMC10951918 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Research experience is often important for academic and career development. This paper describes the implementation and impact of a training program for temporary research assistants (RAs) at an academic medical center. The program includes a 9-month didactic lecture series covering research and professional development skills, a Quality Improvement project focused on improving research processes, and manuscript writing. Overall, the program goals of increasing confidence, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and well-being, as well as providing an opportunity for career exploration, were met. Thus, this program has the potential to support temporary RAs and enhance their early research experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sana Shaikh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Guohao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nightingale S, Fanning J, Robison J. Bi-directional relationships between physical activity and stress in college aged students: a brief report. J Behav Med 2024; 47:153-159. [PMID: 37306858 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Young adults entering college are exposed to new and ever-changing stressors that powerfully affect health and academic achievement. While engaging in physical activity can help to manage the experience of stress, stress itself is an important barrier to activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and momentary stress among college students. We further examined whether these relationships were modified by trait mindfulness. Undergraduate students (N = 61) completed a single measure of trait mindfulness and up to 6 daily ecological momentary assessments of stress for one week while wearing an ActivPAL accelerometer. Activity variables were aggregated in the 30, 60, and 90 min before and following each stress survey. Multilevel models revealed significant negative relationships between stress ratings and total volume of activity both preceding and following the survey. Mindfulness did not modify these relationships but was independently and negatively related to momentary reports of stress. These results underscore the importance of developing activity programming for college students that addresses stress as a powerful and dynamic barrier to behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nightingale
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Justin Robison
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ebrahim OS, Sayed HA, Rabei S, Hegazy N. Perceived stress and anxiety among medical students at Helwan University: A cross-sectional study. J Public Health Res 2024; 13:22799036241227891. [PMID: 38313630 PMCID: PMC10838489 DOI: 10.1177/22799036241227891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students are prone to high levels of perceived stress and anxiety, which can negatively impact their academic performance, as well as their physical and mental health. This study aimed to assess the main stressors, levels of perceived stress and anxiety, and their predictors among medical students. Design and methods A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 1696 medical students at Helwan University. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate their perceived stress, stressors, and anxiety using the Perceived Stress Scale, Medical Students Stressor Questionnaire, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Results Approximately 93% of medical students experienced moderate to high levels of stress, while 54.9% of medical students experienced moderate to concerning levels of anxiety. The main stressors were academic, teaching, social, intrapersonal, group activity, and desire-related stressors. Risk factors associated with higher perceived stress included being female, young age, living away from the family, obtaining lower academic percentages, having psychiatric, neurological, or other chronic medical illnesses, and experiencing higher levels of academic, intrapersonal, drive, and group activities-related stressors. Risk factors for higher anxiety included being female, residing in rural areas, having psychiatric, neurological, or other chronic medical illnesses, perceiving a high level of stress, and experiencing higher levels of academic, intrapersonal, and social-related stressors. Conclusions The findings indicate that a significant proportion of medical students experience various levels of stress and anxiety. These results underscore the urgent need for a stress management program, to help medical students to cope with different stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya S Ebrahim
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Ali Sayed
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Public Health, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah Rabei
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nelly Hegazy
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Cheng WLS, Wong LLK. Effects of a group-based music imagery program on promoting coping resources among undergraduate students: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1257863. [PMID: 38106399 PMCID: PMC10723159 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1257863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Music is well-known for its stress-reducing effects. Little is known about the potential effect of music interventions in fostering internal coping resources for stress management among undergraduate students in Hong Kong. Objectives This pilot study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Group-based Focus Music Imagery Program (GFMI) in promoting a stress-is-enhancing mindset, sense of coherence, and self-compassion among undergraduate students. Methods We used a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT). The experimental arm received 6 weeks of GFMI with measures taken at two time points after completing baseline assessments (Weeks 6, 10). The control arm received 6 weeks of an active control program and completed the outcome measures at time points similar to the GFMI group. Data were collected using the Chinese versions of the Sense of Coherence Scale (C-SOC-13), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (C-SCS-SF), the Stress Mindset Measure (C-SMM), the Perceived Stress Scale (C-PSS-10), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (C-GAD-7). Results Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 32) or the control group (n = 32) between July 2021 and September 2022. The experimental group exhibited a retention rate of 71.9% at T1 (23 out of 32 participants), which slightly decreased to 65.6% (21 out of 32) at T2. The control group displayed a retention rate of 75% (24 out of 32) at T1, which dropped to 43.8% (14 out of 32) at T2. The GEE analyses showed insignificant differences between groups at any time point in C-SOC-13, C-SCS-SF, and C-SMM. Instead, the control group had a higher reduction in stress scores (C-PSS-10) at T1, and anxiety (C-GAD-7) at T2 than the experimental group. Conclusion The pilot trial provided valuable information in examining the feasibility of the trial design and intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to validate if GFMI can reliably promote coping resources to manage stress and anxiety in undergraduate students. Trial registration number https://www.researchregistry.com/, researchregistry8209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Lai Sheung Cheng
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lokki Lok-Ki Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zuo X, Tang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Z. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions on mental health among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1259250. [PMID: 38146476 PMCID: PMC10749636 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1259250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to estimate the effect of mindfulness therapy on mental health. Methods Two researchers searched 12 databases to identify relevant trials that were published from 1 January 2018 to 1 May 2023. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of mindfulness therapy on depression, which was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS); anxiety, which was measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), PROMIS, and DASS, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); stress, which was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), DASS, and GAD-7; mindfulness, which was measured by the GAD-7, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Short Form-12 Mental Component Score (SF-12 MCS) and Short Form-12 Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS); and sleep quality, which was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). After screening studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,824 participants were ultimately included. Results All these studies demonstrated positive effects of mindfulness therapy on depression (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: [-0.44, -0.22], p < 0.00001, I2 = 29%), anxiety (SMD = -0.35, 95% CI: [-0.46, -0.25], p < 0.00001, I2 = 40%), stress (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI: [-0.48, -0.29], p < 0.00001, I2 = 69%) and sleep quality scores (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI: [-1.54, -0.09], p = 0.03, I2 = 0%). However, there was no significant difference in mindfulness (SMD = -0.12, 95% CI: [-0.36, -0.12], p = 0.34, I2 = 34%) between the mindfulness therapy group and the control group. Discussion In future studies, it is necessary to consider the investigation on whether the strategies of improving the mindfulness therapy in adherence and fidelity can work on the improvement of the outcomes in mental health. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42023469301].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zuo
- Sociology Department, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Sociology Department, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifang Chen
- Institution of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Amanvermez Y, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Ciharova M, Donker M, Hurks P, Salemink E, Spinhoven P, Struijs S, de Wit LM. A Guided, Internet-Based Stress Management Intervention for University Students With High Levels of Stress: Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45725. [PMID: 37948106 PMCID: PMC10674149 DOI: 10.2196/45725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitioning to adulthood and challenges in university life can result in increased stress levels among university students. Chronic and severe stress is associated with deleterious psychological and physiological effects. Digital interventions could succeed in approaching and helping university students who might be at risk; however, the experiences of students with internet-based stress management interventions are insufficiently understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the feasibility; acceptability; and changes in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and quality of life from baseline to posttest assessment of a 5-session, internet-based stress management intervention guided by an e-coach, developed for university students experiencing high levels of stress. METHODS A single-arm study was conducted. Students were recruited from different channels, mainly from a web survey. Students were eligible if they (1) scored ≥20 on the Perceived Stress Scale-10, (2) were aged ≥18 years, and (3) were studying at one of the participating universities. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were investigated using several indications, including satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8) and usability (System Usability Scale-10). We also investigated the indicators of intervention adherence using use metrics (eg, the number of completed sessions). Our secondary goal was to explore the changes in perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L scale) from baseline to posttest assessment. In addition, we conducted semistructured interviews with intervention completers and noncompleters to understand user experiences in depth. For all primary outcomes, descriptive statistics were calculated. Changes from baseline to posttest assessment were examined using 2-tailed paired sample t tests or the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Of 436 eligible students, 307 (70.4%) students started using the intervention. Overall, 25.7% (79/307) completed the core sessions (ie, sessions 1-3) and posttest assessment. A substantial proportion of the students (228/307, 74.3%) did not complete the core sessions or the posttest assessment. Students who completed the core sessions reported high satisfaction (mean 25.78, SD 3.30) and high usability of the intervention (mean 86.01, SD 10.25). Moreover, this group showed large reductions in perceived stress (Cohen d=0.80) and moderate improvements in depression score (Cohen d=0.47) and quality of life (Cohen d=-0.35) from baseline to posttest assessment. Qualitative findings highlight that several personal and intervention-related factors play a role in user experience. CONCLUSIONS The internet-based stress management intervention seems to be feasible, acceptable, and possibly effective for some university students with elevated stress levels. However, given the high dropout rate and qualitative findings, several adjustments in the content and features of the intervention are needed to maximize the user experience and the impact of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register 8686; https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/20889. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1016/j.invent.2021.100369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Amanvermez
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marketa Ciharova
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marianne Donker
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petra Hurks
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elske Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Sascha Struijs
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonore M de Wit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tuck D, Wiley J, Patlamazoglou L, Berger E. Positive affect and resilience in tertiary education students. Stress 2023; 26:2245484. [PMID: 37539547 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2245484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental illnesses are the greatest health problems faced by younger people. As a group, tertiary education students demonstrate higher levels of distress than their age matched peers who are not tertiary students, making them an at-risk group for the development of psychopathology. Therefore, this study investigates existing theories of resilience in order to determine how it may be promoted in tertiary education students. Data relating to affect, depression, anxiety, distress, and resilience were collected from 1072 tertiary education students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study found that positive affect was responsible for approximately 25% of the variance in depressive symptoms but less than 10% of the variance in symptoms of anxiety in tertiary students. The results further showed that positive affect was responsible for 21% of variance in overall distress and the 15% of variance in resilience. The findings of this study suggest that positive affect is more closely associated with symptoms of depression than with symptoms of anxiety in tertiary students. The results further suggest that positive affect may be a useful tool for relieving symptoms of depression and overall distress, and improving levels of resilience in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tuck
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Wiley
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lefteris Patlamazoglou
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Berger
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
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Du Z, Guo S, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Jiang Y, Shen Y, Zhu H, Zhou Z, Zhou H. Causal relationships between dietary habits and five major mental disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:607-615. [PMID: 37598719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the causal relationship between dietary habits and five major mental disorders using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS This study was based on the summary data of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on diet and five major mental disorders in the European population. The genetic locus data of five major mental disorders (mania, bipolar disorder, manic depression, depression, schizophrenia) from those who never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, and sugar were used. Two-sample MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between diet and five major mental disorders. RESULTS This study revealed a causal relationship between "Never eat Wheat products" and all five types of mental disorders (mania, bipolar disorder, manic depression, depression, schizophrenia), demonstrating a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05). However, no significant causal relationship was observed between "Never eat Sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar" and any of the five mental disorders (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the study found that the statement "Never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: I eat all of the above" had a causal relationship with mania, bipolar disorder, and manic depression, showing a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05). However, this statement did not exhibit a significant causal relationship with depression and schizophrenia (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There was a negative correlation between never eating wheat products and the five mental disorders (mania, bipolar disorder, manic depression, depression, schizophrenia), indicating that never eating wheat products may reduce the risk of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Du
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuaiyi Guo
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Nwobodo EP, Strukcinskiene B, Razbadauskas A, Grigoliene R, Agostinis-Sobrinho C. Stress Management in Healthcare Organizations: The Nigerian Context. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2815. [PMID: 37957963 PMCID: PMC10650396 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational psychosocial stress can increase the risk of several cardiometabolic diseases. Healthcare workers worldwide experience exceptionally high levels of occupational stress, leading to serious individual, organizational, and societal problems. This narrative review seeks to provide information about the overall consequences of having over-stressed healthcare workers and ascertain how it eventually holds back the advancement of healthcare. In addition, we present a review of the concept, study, and theories related to stress management in order to deeply understand this issue, providing a theoretical perspective of stress management and the subtle concepts of stress, stress management, healthcare structure, and organization in Nigeria. The current literature has shown that Nigerian healthcare workers are more stressed due to long working hours, caregiving responsibilities, and psychological contact with patients. Healthcare workers are more likely to experience stress and burnout than other professions. The level of stress in the healthcare sector has garnered a lot of attention in this regard because of the negative impact of stress on both staff and patients. However, health policies and better working conditions need to be adopted. Collaborative efforts from policymakers, healthcare institutions, and other stakeholders are necessary to prioritize the well-being and productivity of healthcare professionals in the journey toward a more robust and equitable healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinne Precious Nwobodo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (E.P.N.); (B.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Birute Strukcinskiene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (E.P.N.); (B.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Arturas Razbadauskas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (E.P.N.); (B.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Rasa Grigoliene
- Faculty of Marine Technologies and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania;
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (E.P.N.); (B.S.); (A.R.)
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Ahluwalia M, Shillington KJ, Irwin JD. The relationship between resilience and mental health of undergraduate students: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37856363 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to examine what is known about the relationship between the resilience and mental health of undergraduate students enrolled in university or college programs, globally. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched, yielding a total of 1,498 articles that were screened independently by two researchers. Thirteen articles were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The mental health of undergraduate students in the studies reviewed ranged from low to moderate. Undergraduate students also reported high, moderate, and low levels of resilience. Further, resilience was positively correlated with mental well-being. CONCLUSION Findings revealed that the mental health of undergraduate students was poor. Given the established relationship between students' mental health and resilience, evidence-based approaches aimed at strengthening students' resilience, such as providing opportunities for social support, are warranted in order to improve students' mental health. Additional research to rigorously assess this relationship in representative student populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvir Ahluwalia
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie J Shillington
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Shiraishi N, Sakata M, Toyomoto R, Yoshida K, Luo Y, Nakagami Y, Tajika A, Watanabe T, Sahker E, Uwatoko T, Shimamoto T, Iwami T, Furukawa TA. Dynamics of depressive states among university students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:38. [PMID: 37814328 PMCID: PMC10563354 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have increased depression among university students which was associated with impairments in their campus lives. This study examined changes in depressive states among Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A secondary data analysis from a factorial randomized controlled trial involving smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed. Six cohorts (N = 1626) underwent an 8-week intervention during the spring or autumn of 2019-2021, with a 9-month follow-up. We evaluated participants' depressive states weekly using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the intervention, with monthly evaluations thereafter. The follow-up periods included Japan's four states of emergency (SOEs) to control COVID-19. Hypothesizing that SOEs caused a sudden worsening of depressive states, Study 1 compared the cohorts' PHQ-9 scores, and Study 2 employed time series analysis with a mixed-effects model to estimate identified changes in PHQ-9 scores. RESULTS Although no changes in depressive states were observed in relation to the SOEs, Study 1 identified sudden increases in PHQ-9 scores at the 28-week evaluation point, which corresponded to the beginning of the new academic year for the three autumn cohorts. In contrast, the three spring cohorts did not exhibit similar changes. Study 2 showed that, for all three autumn cohorts (n = 522), the 0.60-point change was significant (95% CI 0.42-0.78; p < .001) at 28 weeks; that is, when their timeline was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS While the results do not indicate any notable impact of the SOEs, they highlight the influence of the new academic year on university students' mental health during COVID-19. Trial registration UMIN, CTR-000031307. Registered on February 14, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - M Sakata
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Toyomoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakagami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Tajika
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - E Sahker
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Education Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Uwatoko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Shimamoto
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Gómez-Urquiza JL, Velando-Soriano A, Membrive-Jiménez MJ, Ramírez-Baena L, Aguayo-Estremera R, Ortega-Campos E, Cañadas-De la Fuente GA. Prevalence and levels of burnout in nursing students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 72:103753. [PMID: 37651959 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyze burnout levels and prevalence in nursing students and to estimate prevalence levels with meta-analyses. BACKGROUND Nurses are one of the healthcare professionals most affect by burnout, but nursing students, during their studies, can also suffer burnout. DESIGN a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. METHODS The search equation used in Pubmed, CINAHL and Scopus databases was "burnout AND nursing students". Quantitative primary studies including information about burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, or personal accomplishment in nursing students were included. Four meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS the sample was of n = 34 studies, with n = 15 studies being included in the meta-analysis with n = 2744 nursing students. Burnout prevalence was 19% (95% CI 11-28%). Regarding burnout dimensions, the most affected was high emotional exhaustion with a prevalence of 41%(95% CI 23-61%; n = 2222) followed by 27% low personal accomplishment(95% CI 9-49%; n = 2096), 25% high depersonalization (95% CI 15-36%; n = 2096). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of burnout and its dimensions vary from 19% to 41%, being emotional exhaustion the main problem in nursing students. This problem may affect their future as nursing professionals, and it would be of important to prevent and to treat burnout at university levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Gómez-Urquiza
- Ceuta Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Cortadura del Valle s/n, 51001 Ceuta, Spain.
| | | | | | - Lucia Ramírez-Baena
- Regional Hospital Santa Ana of Motril, Granada South Management Area, Andalusian Health Service, Motril, Granada 18600, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Aguayo-Estremera
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | | | - Guillermo A Cañadas-De la Fuente
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain / Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
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24
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Jafari M, De Roche M, Eshaghi MR. COVID-19, stress and mental health: What students expect from academic institutions during a pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1976-1983. [PMID: 34398699 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1951740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To learn about the mental health of students, the tools they use to cope with stress, and their perceptions toward the assistance they receive from their academic institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: 593 students from two University of California campuses. Methods: The link to an anonymous survey was included in a mass email that was sent to students. Results: 87% of students expressed that their mental health has been negatively impacted by the pandemic, especially in students who already had diminished levels of self-reported mental health. Students articulated the need for increased financial, academic, and mental health support and that they want to have a voice in discussions that will lead to decisions that would impact them. Conclusion: Students reported that the pandemic has negatively impacted their mental health and that they wanted academic institutions to include them in the decision-making processes that would contribute to their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Monica De Roche
- Department of Political Science, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Matin Ryan Eshaghi
- Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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25
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Hamza CA, Robinson K, Hasking PA, Heath NL, Lewis SP, Lloyd-Richardson E, Whitlock J, Wilson MS. Educational stakeholders' attitudes and knowledge about nonsuicidal self-injury among university students: A cross-national study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2140-2150. [PMID: 34380005 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1961782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a commonly occurring, yet historically poorly understood, mental health concern among post-secondary students. The present study sought to identify the current knowledge needs of university stakeholders to inform training efforts around effective NSSI response and student support on university campuses. Participants were 1,762 university students, staff, and student-staff (77% female) from seven universities in Canada, the USA, New Zealand, and Australia. Participants completed an online survey about their attitudes and knowledge of both general mental health and NSSI. University stakeholders reported significantly greater stigma toward NSSI than mental illness in general. Student-staff reported greater perceived knowledge and comfort, and demonstrated greater knowledge of NSSI, than students and staff. Findings underscore the need for additional training and resources to reduce stigma and increase knowledge about NSSI on university campuses internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A Hamza
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kealagh Robinson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Penny A Hasking
- Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janis Whitlock
- Family Life Development Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marc S Wilson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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26
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Al-Dajani N, Czyz EK, Eisenberg D, Zheng K, King CA. A latent profile analysis of at-risk first-year undergraduate students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37722880 PMCID: PMC10947455 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether meaningful subgroups of self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) would emerge within a pool of first-year college students already deemed at elevated risk. Participants: First-year undergraduates (N = 1,068) recruited in 2015-2018 Fall terms. Methods: Past-year nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) frequency, past-year number of NSSI methods used, lifetime suicide attempt (SA) history, and recency of SA were included in a latent profile analysis. Results: Four subgroups emerged: low SIB (n = 558, 52%), high NSSI only (n = 182, 17%), high SIB (n = 141, 13%), and high SA only (n = 187, 18%). Students in the high SIB group reported higher levels of suicidal ideation at baseline and follow-up in comparison to all groups. Those in the high NSSI only or high SIB groups had relatively higher levels of NSSI at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Findings highlight the amount of heterogeneity within a high-risk group, along with the importance of considering distal and proximal SIBs in university screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa K. Czyz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Informatics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cheryl A. King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
- Depression Center, University of Michigan
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan
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27
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Strout K, Schwartz-Mette R, McNamara J, Parsons K, Walsh D, Bonnet J, O'Brien LM, Robinson K, Sibley S, Smith A, Sapp M, Sprague L, Sabegh NS, Robinson K, Henderson A. Wellness in Nursing Education to Promote Resilience and Reduce Burnout: Protocol for a Holistic Multidimensional Wellness Intervention and Longitudinal Research Study Design in Nursing Education. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e49020. [PMID: 37682598 PMCID: PMC10517386 DOI: 10.2196/49020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United States faces a nursing shortage driven by a burnout epidemic among nurses and nursing students. Nursing students are an integral population to fuel the nursing workforce at high risk of burnout and increased rates of perceived stress. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to describe WellNurse, a holistic, interdisciplinary, multidimensional longitudinal research study that examines evidence-based interventions intended to reduce burnout and increase resilience among graduate and undergraduate nursing students. METHODS Graduate and undergraduate nursing students matriculated at a large public university in the northeastern United States are eligible to enroll in this ongoing, longitudinal cohort study beginning in March 2021. Participants complete a battery of health measurements twice each semester during the fourth week and the week before final examinations. The measures include the Perceived Stress Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Participants are eligible to enroll in a variety of interventions, including mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindful eating, fitness training, and massage therapy. Those who enroll in specific, targeted interventions complete additional measures designed to target the aim of the intervention. All participants receive a free Fitbit device. Additional environmental changes are being implemented to further promote a culture that supports academic well-being, including recruiting a diverse student population through evidence-based holistic admissions, inclusive teaching design, targeted resilience and stress reduction workshops, and cultural shifts within classrooms and curricula. The study design protocol is registered at Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NCBPE). RESULTS The project was funded on January 1, 2022. Data collection started in March 2022. A total of 267 participants have been recruited. Results will be published after each semester starting in December 2023. WellNurse evaluation follows the Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement framework to continuously monitor ongoing project processes, activity outcomes, and progress toward reducing burnout and increasing resilience. Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement promotes the ability to alter WellNurse interventions, examine multiple interventions, and test their effectiveness among the nursing education population to identify the most effective interventions. CONCLUSIONS Academic nursing organizations must address student burnout risk and increase resilience to produce a future workforce that provides high-quality patient care to a diverse population. Findings from WellNurse will support evidence-based implementations for public baccalaureate and master's nursing programs in the United States. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/49020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Strout
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | | | - Jade McNamara
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Kayla Parsons
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Dyan Walsh
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Jen Bonnet
- Office of Research Development, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Liam M O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Kathryn Robinson
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Sean Sibley
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Annie Smith
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Maile Sapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Lydia Sprague
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Nima Sajedi Sabegh
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Kaitlin Robinson
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Amanda Henderson
- School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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28
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Beltrán-Ruiz M, Fernández S, García-Campayo J, Puebla-Guedea M, López-del-Hoyo Y, Navarro-Gil M, Montero-Marin J. Effectiveness of attachment-based compassion therapy to reduce psychological distress in university students: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1185445. [PMID: 37691796 PMCID: PMC10484595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Higher education, particularly university, is a challenge for many students that can lead to their mental health being seriously affected. The stress to which they are subject throughout their time at university can lead to anxiety and depression. "Third wave" psychotherapies, including compassion-based therapy, have been used to improve psychological outcomes, such as stress, anxiety, emotional distress and well-being. There are some signs that third wave psychotherapies reduce psychological distress in university students, but more and higher-quality studies are needed. In this randomised controlled trial (RCT), we hypothesise that the provision of attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT) will be more effective than an active control group based on relaxation therapy for improving psychological distress in university students. Methods and analysis A two-arm RCT will be conducted involving 140 university undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of Zaragoza and the National University of Distance Education (UNED) who reside in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. Interventions with either ABCT or relaxation therapy will be implemented, with an allocation ratio of 1:1 between groups. Both interventions will last six weeks and consist of six weekly group sessions lasting 1.5 h each. Data will be collected before and after the intervention, and there will be a follow-up at six months. The primary outcome will be psychological distress at post-intervention. Secondary outcomes will be depression, anxiety, stress and burnout symptoms, affectivity and emotional regulation. Attachment style, experiential avoidance, compassion (for others/oneself) and mindfulness skills will be measured as potential mechanistic variables. Intention-to-treat analysis will be performed using linear mixed regression models. The clinical significance of improvements will be calculated. Potential side effects will be monitored by an independent clinical psychologist. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Aragón. Participant data will remain anonymous, and results will be submitted to peer-reviewed open-access journals and disseminated via conferences. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05197595.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Beltrán-Ruiz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Selene Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragonese Institute of Health Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Puebla-Guedea
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-del-Hoyo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragonese Institute of Health Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mayte Navarro-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Rohde J, Marciniak MA, Henninger M, Homan S, Paersch C, Egger ST, Seifritz E, Brown AD, Kleim B. Investigating Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Mood, and Anxiety Using Digital Technologies: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45749. [PMID: 37578827 PMCID: PMC10463091 DOI: 10.2196/45749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital tools assessing momentary parameters and offering interventions in people's daily lives play an increasingly important role in mental health research and treatment. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) makes it possible to assess transient mental health states and their parameters. Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) offer mental health interventions that fit well into individuals' daily lives and routines. Self-efficacy is a transdiagnostic construct that is commonly associated with positive mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study assessing mood, specific self-efficacy, and other parameters using EMA was 2-fold. First, we wanted to determine the effects of daily assessed moods and dissatisfaction with social contacts as well as the effects of baseline variables, such as depression, on specific self-efficacy in the training group (TG). Second, we aimed to explore which variables influenced both groups' positive and negative moods during the 7-day study period. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, we applied digital self-efficacy training (EMI) to 93 university students with elevated self-reported stress levels and daily collected different parameters, such as mood, dissatisfaction with social contacts, and specific self-efficacy, using EMA. Participants were randomized to either the TG, where they completed the self-efficacy training combined with EMA, or the control group, where they completed EMA only. RESULTS In total, 93 university students participated in the trial. Positive momentary mood was associated with higher specific self-efficacy in the evening of the same day (b=0.15, SE 0.05, P=.005). Higher self-efficacy at baseline was associated with reduced negative mood during study participation (b=-0.61, SE 0.30, P=.04), while we could not determine an effect on positive mood. Baseline depression severity was significantly associated with lower specific self-efficacy over the week of the training (b=-0.92, SE 0.35, P=.004). Associations between higher baseline anxiety with higher mean negative mood (state anxiety: b=0.78, SE 0.38, P=.04; trait anxiety: b=0.73, SE 0.33, P=.03) and lower mean positive mood (b=-0.64, SE 0.28, P=.02) during study participation were found. Emotional flexibility was significantly enhanced in the TG. Additionally, dissatisfaction with social contacts was associated with both a decreased positive mood (b=-0.56, SE 0.15, P<.001) and an increased negative mood (b=0.45, SE 0.12, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study showed several significant associations between mood and self-efficacy as well as those between mood and anxiety in students with elevated stress levels, for example, suggesting that improving mood in people with low mood could enhance the effects of digital self-efficacy training. In addition, engaging in 1-week self-efficacy training was associated with increased emotional flexibility. Future work is needed to replicate and investigate the training's effects in other groups and settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05617248; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05617248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Anna Marciniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirka Henninger
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Paersch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan T Egger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam D Brown
- Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Kirlic N, Akeman E, DeVille DC, Yeh HW, Cosgrove KT, McDermott TJ, Touthang J, Clausen A, Paulus MP, Aupperle RL. A machine learning analysis of risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1863-1872. [PMID: 34292856 PMCID: PMC8782938 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify robust and reproducible factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in college students. METHODS 356 first-year university students completed a large battery of demographic and clinically-relevant self-report measures during the first semester of college and end-of-year (n = 228). Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) assessed STBs. A machine learning (ML) pipeline using stacking and nested cross-validation examined correlates of SBQ-R scores. RESULTS 9.6% of students were identified at significant STBs risk by the SBQ-R. The ML algorithm explained 28.3% of variance (95%CI: 28-28.5%) in baseline SBQ-R scores, with depression severity, social isolation, meaning and purpose in life, and positive affect among the most important factors. There was a significant reduction in STBs at end-of-year with only 1.8% of students identified at significant risk. CONCLUSION Analyses replicated known factors associated with STBs during the first semester of college and identified novel, potentially modifiable factors including positive affect and social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Danielle C. DeVille
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kelly T. Cosgrove
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Timothy J. McDermott
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Ashley Clausen
- Education and Clinical Center, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Schmiedl A, Schulte EM, Kauffeld S. Integrating appraisal processes in the study demands-resources framework - a diary study. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:444-459. [PMID: 36041058 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2117306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Students face various demands that can lead to health complaints. Hindering demands appear to be especially harmful. Since the perception of demands differs between persons, their individual appraisal determines stress perception. However, individual appraisal processes are largely neglected in research. Therefore, this study builds on the study demands-resources model in examining the dynamics of students' demand-appraisal processes and their effects on well-being. DESIGN During ten days in a four-week period, 247 students participated in a diary study. METHODS We analyzed our data via multilevel path analysis. RESULTS Our analyses revealed that the student's appraisal of the same demands varied across days and depended on available resources, i.e., the received support quality on the respective day. Appraising demands as hindering was positively linked to the perception of stress on the same day. Daily perception of stress was positively linked to person-level strain and health complaints after four weeks. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of assessing the individual appraisal of demands rather than pre-categorizing demands. Furthermore, our findings identify social support as a crucial resource in reducing hindering appraisal; hence, it should be included in student-focused stress-management interventions. Limitations and further implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schmiedl
- Department of Industrial/ Organizational and Social Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Schulte
- Department of Industrial/ Organizational and Social Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simone Kauffeld
- Department of Industrial/ Organizational and Social Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Futch W, Gordon NS, Gerdes AC. Student wellness: Interest and program ideas & pilot of a student wellness program. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37289966 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2214241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To increase our knowledge related to student wellness programs, the current studies examined interest in wellness and wellness programs among university students and piloted a newly developed wellness program targeting students in higher education. Participants/Methods: In Study 1, 93 undergraduate students answered questions related to their wellness and mental health (e.g. psychological wellbeing, satisfaction with life, optimism, and stress) and to wellness programs (e.g. interest, barriers, duration, and topics). In Study 2, 13 undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 9-week pilot wellness program focused on specific wellness topics (e.g. relaxation, yoga, gratitude and self-compassion, and emotion regulation). Results/Conclusions: Study 1 results support a strong interest in wellness and wellness programs among undergraduate students. Study 2 results suggest that students who participated in an on-campus wellness program reported higher levels of overall psychological wellbeing and optimism and lower levels of mental health issues relative to baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Futch
- Psychology Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nakia S Gordon
- Psychology Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alyson C Gerdes
- Psychology Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Balci S, Küchler AM, Ebert DD, Baumeister H. An Online Mindfulness Intervention for International Students: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2023; 5:e9341. [PMID: 37732147 PMCID: PMC10508251 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.9341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Student mobility across borders poses challenges to health systems at the university and country levels. International students suffer from stress more than their local peers, however, do not seek help or underutilize existing help offers. Some barriers to help-seeking among international students are insufficient information regarding the health offers, stigma, and language, which might be overcome via culturally adapted internet and mobile-based interventions (IMI). Method A randomized controlled feasibility trial with a parallel design assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of an online mindfulness intervention adapted for international university students. Participants were randomized into either an adapted online mindfulness intervention (StudiCareM-E) (IG, n = 20) or a waitlist control group (WL, n = 20). Participants were assessed at baseline (t0) and eight-week post-randomization (t1). The feasibility of StudiCareM-E was evaluated regarding intervention adherence, client satisfaction, and potential negative effects. The potential efficacy of StudiCareM-E was measured by means of the level of mindfulness, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, presenteeism, and wellbeing. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated with regression models on the intention-to-treat (ITT) sample (n = 40), adjusting for the baseline values. Results Participants' formative feedback suggested improvements in the content of the IMI. There were no crucial negative effects compared to WL. Assessment dropout was 35% (IG: 50%: WL: 20%), and intervention dropout was 60%. StudiCareM-E yielded significant improvements in mindfulness (β = .34), well-being (β = .37), and anxiety (β = -.42) compared to WL. Conclusion StudiCareM-E might be used among culturally diverse international student populations to improve their well-being. Future studies might carefully inspect the extent of the adaptation needs of their target group and design their interventions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Balci
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Küchler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Samra R, França AB, Lucassen MFG, Waterhouse P. A network approach to understanding distance learners' experience of stress and mental distress whilst studying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37214594 PMCID: PMC10183243 DOI: 10.1186/s41239-023-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that learners' stress and mental distress are linked to poorer academic outcomes. A better understanding of stress and mental distress experiences during study could foster more nuanced course and intervention design which additionally teaches learners how to navigate through to protect their academic performance. The current study draws on data collected via validated self-reported questionnaires completed by final year undergraduate students (n = 318) at a large distance education university. We examined how common features of stress, depression and anxiety link to each other using a network analysis of reported symptoms. The results included findings demonstrating the symptoms with the greatest relative importance to the network. Specifically, these included the stress symptom 'I found it difficult to relax' and the depression symptom 'I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything'. The findings could help institutions design interventions that directly correspond to common features of students' stress and distress experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajvinder Samra
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Horlock H020, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Alex Bacadini França
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Horlock H020, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
- Laboratory of Human Development and Cognition, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathijs F. G. Lucassen
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Horlock H020, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Philippa Waterhouse
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Horlock H020, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
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Ai Z, Yuan D, Meng Y, Ai Z, Zhu S. Research trends of exercise therapy of college students in depression from 2002 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188341. [PMID: 37250392 PMCID: PMC10213450 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a serious psychological disorder that college students are experiencing. College students' depression problems, which can be caused by various factors, have been easily ignored and untreated. In recent years, exercise, as a low-cost and easily accessible method for treating depression, has attracted widespread attention. The purpose of this study is to use bibliometrics to explore the hotspots and trends in the field of exercise therapy of college students in depression from 2002 to 2022. Methods We retrieved relevant literature from the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus databases, and generated a ranking table to describe the core productivity in the field. We used VOSViewer software to generate network maps of authors, countries, co-cited journals, and co-occurring keywords to help us better understand the scientific collaboration patterns, potential disciplinary foundations, as well as research hotspots and trends in this field. Results From 2002 to 2022, a total of 1,397 articles related to exercise therapy of college students in depression were selected. The key findings of this study are as follows: (1) the number of publications has gradually increased, especially after 2019; (2) United States and its affiliated higher education institutions have made significant contributions to the development of this field; (3) there are multiple research groups in this field, but their connections are relatively limited; (4) the field is relatively interdisciplinary, primarily a convergence of behavioral science, public health, and psychology; (5) based on co-occurring keyword analysis, six main themes were summarized: health-promoting factors, body image, negative behaviors, increased stress, depression coping strategies, and diet. Conclusion Our study illustrates the research hotspots and trends for the research of exercise therapy of college students in depression, presents some challenges and new insights, and provides valuable information for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhu Ai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Modern Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfeng Yuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yitong Meng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Ai
- College of Art Design, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Zhu
- Department of Student Affairs Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Hutchesson M, Whatnall M, Fenton S, Ashton L, Patterson A, Smith J, Duncan MJ, Kay-Lambkin F, Burrows T. Are health behaviors associated with mental health among tertiary education students? A systematic review of cohort studies. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37105759 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2201865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between health behaviors with mental health among tertiary education students. METHODS Six databases were searched until September 2021 for prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between health behavior(s) (dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol intake, sleep, smoking or illicit drug use) and mental health. Two independent reviewers screened records for inclusion, extracted data and completed risk of bias assessments. RESULTS 33 studies were included (14 assessed sleep, 14 alcohol intake, 13 physical activity, 8 smoking, 6 sedentary behavior, 4 diet, 1 illicit drug use). A consistent association between poor sleep, and physical inactivity with increased risk of poor psychological wellbeing, and between poor sleep and increased mental ill-health related outcomes was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Findings suggest interventions to address poor sleep and physical inactivity among students may positively impact mental health. Further research of other health behaviors, and their association with mental health, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sasha Fenton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Amanda Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jordan Smith
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
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Strehli I, Burns RD, Bai Y, Ziegenfuss DH, Block ME, Brusseau TA. Development of an Online Mind-Body Physical Activity Intervention for Young Adults during COVID-19: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4562. [PMID: 36901572 PMCID: PMC10002143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the implementation of an online mind-body physical activity (MBPA) intervention and physical activity (PA), stress, and well-being in young adults during COVID-19. The participants were a sample of college students (N = 21; 81% female). The MBPA intervention was organized in four online modules that were administered asynchronously for 8 weeks with three separate 10 min sessions per week. The intervention components consisted of traditional deep breathing, diaphragm mindful breathing, yoga poses, and walking meditation. Objective PA behaviors were assessed using wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers, and stress and well-being data were collected using validated self-report instruments. A 2 (sex) × 3 (time) doubly multivariate analysis of variance test with a univariate follow-up showed that the % of wear time in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly higher at the end of the intervention compared to baseline (LPA mean difference = 11.3%, p = 0.003, d = 0.70; MVPA mean difference = 2.9%, p < 0.001, d = 0.56). No significant differences were observed for perceived stress and well-being, and there was no moderating effect of sex. The MBPA intervention showed promise, as it was associated with higher PA in young adults during COVID-19. No improvements were observed for stress and well-being. These results warrant further testing of the intervention's effectiveness using larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Strehli
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryan D. Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Martin E. Block
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Timothy A. Brusseau
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Riboldi I, Capogrosso CA, Piacenti S, Calabrese A, Lucini Paioni S, Bartoli F, Crocamo C, Carrà G, Armes J, Taylor C. Mental Health and COVID-19 in University Students: Findings from a Qualitative, Comparative Study in Italy and the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4071. [PMID: 36901083 PMCID: PMC10001873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 restrictions introduced several changes in university academic and social experience. Self-isolation and online teaching have amplified students' mental health vulnerability. Thus, we aimed to explore feelings and perspectives about the impact of the pandemic on mental health, comparing students from Italy and the UK. METHODS Data were collected from the qualitative portion of "the CAMPUS study", longitudinally assessing mental health of students at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) and the University of Surrey (UK). We conducted in-depth interviews and thematically analysed the transcripts. RESULTS The explanatory model was developed from four themes identified across 33 interviews: anxiety exacerbated by COVID-19; putative mechanisms leading to poor mental health; the most vulnerable subgroups; and coping strategies. Generalised and social anxiety resulted from COVID-19 restrictions by being associated with loneliness, excessive time online, unhealthy management of time and space and poor communication with the university. Freshers, international students, and people on the extremes of the introversion/extroversion spectrum, were identified as vulnerable, while effective coping strategies included taking advantage of free time, connection with family and mental health support. The impact of COVID-19 was mostly related to academic issues by students from Italy, whereas to the drastic loss of social connectedness by the UK sample. CONCLUSIONS Mental health support for students has an essential role, and measures that encourage communication and social connectedness are likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Piacenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Susanna Lucini Paioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Jo Armes
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health and Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Cath Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health and Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Wang T, Yao Z, Liu Q, Zhao J, Wang X, Wong JPH, Vahabi M, Jia C. The Mediating Effect of Stress between Extracurricular Activities and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3105. [PMID: 36833799 PMCID: PMC9963993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between extracurricular activities, stress, and suicidal ideation and to examine the mediating effect of stress between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. METHOD A total of 6446 college students were surveyed with a web-based online data collection system using the self-made demographic questionnaire, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the 21-Item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). SPSS 24.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, and the bootstrap method in the process procedure for SPSS Version 3.4.1 was used to construct the mediating effect model. RESULTS Gender, school grades, living area, and family income status were influencing factors for suicidal ideation, stress, and extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities were negatively correlated with stress (r = -0.083, p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (r = -0.039, p < 0.01). Extracurricular activities had no direct predictive effect on college students' suicidal ideation (c = -0.198, CI: -0.418, 0.023), while stress had a mediating effect between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation; the indirect mediating effect was 0.159. CONCLUSIONS Extracurricular activities indirectly predict college students' suicidal ideation through stress. A variety of extracurricular activities can decrease the stress and suicidal ideation of college students and benefit their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Student Counseling Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Josephine Pui-Hing Wong
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 1Z5, Canada
| | - Mandana Vahabi
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 1Z5, Canada
| | - Cunxian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Kiekens G, Hasking P, Bruffaerts R, Alonso J, Auerbach RP, Bantjes J, Benjet C, Boyes M, Chiu WT, Claes L, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Mak A, Mortier P, O’Neill S, Sampson NA, Stein DJ, Vilagut G, Nock MK, Kessler RC. Non-suicidal self-injury among first-year college students and its association with mental disorders: results from the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative. Psychol Med 2023; 53:875-886. [PMID: 34140062 PMCID: PMC8683565 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an issue of major concern to colleges worldwide, we lack detailed information about the epidemiology of NSSI among college students. The objectives of this study were to present the first cross-national data on the prevalence of NSSI and NSSI disorder among first-year college students and its association with mental disorders. METHODS Data come from a survey of the entering class in 24 colleges across nine countries participating in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative assessed in web-based self-report surveys (20 842 first-year students). Using retrospective age-of-onset reports, we investigated time-ordered associations between NSSI and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-IV) mood (major depressive and bipolar disorder), anxiety (generalized anxiety and panic disorder), and substance use disorders (alcohol and drug use disorder). RESULTS NSSI lifetime and 12-month prevalence were 17.7% and 8.4%. A positive screen of 12-month DSM-5 NSSI disorder was 2.3%. Of those with lifetime NSSI, 59.6% met the criteria for at least one mental disorder. Temporally primary lifetime mental disorders predicted subsequent onset of NSSI [median odds ratio (OR) 2.4], but these primary lifetime disorders did not consistently predict 12-month NSSI among respondents with lifetime NSSI. Conversely, even after controlling for pre-existing mental disorders, NSSI consistently predicted later onset of mental disorders (median OR 1.8) as well as 12-month persistence of mental disorders among students with a generalized anxiety disorder (OR 1.6) and bipolar disorder (OR 4.6). CONCLUSIONS NSSI is common among first-year college students and is a behavioral marker of various common mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Kiekens
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Social Research, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jason Bantjes
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Wai Tat Chiu
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Chair for Psychology & Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Siobhan O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hasking P, Chen NTM, Chiu V, Gray N, Gross JJ, Boyes M. "Managing emotion": Open label trial and waitlist controlled trial of an emotion regulation program for university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36701430 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: More than one-third of university students meet diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder, and three quarters experience role impairment in some aspect of their life. One determinant of whether young adults will experience mental health difficulties is their ability to regulate emotion. We conducted two pilot trials of a brief online program designed to teach emotion regulation skills to university students. Methods: In Study 1, we conducted an open-label trial (n = 104). In Study 2, we conducted a waitlist controlled trial (n = 167). In both studies, pre- and post-assessment of emotion regulation, psychological distress, and self-compassion were conducted. Results: In both trials, we observed improvements in emotion regulation, and reductions in symptoms of psychological distress. Acceptability and feasibility were also satisfactory. Conclusion: An online emotion regulation program may offer promise in improving emotion regulation and subsequent mental health concerns among university students. (ACTRN12620000390987; ACTRN12620000839909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nigel T M Chen
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Vivian Chiu
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicole Gray
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Toward a Positive Life beyond COVID-19: Problem-Solving Appraisal as a Resistance Resource in the Relationship between Stress and Well-Being in Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030350. [PMID: 36766925 PMCID: PMC9914683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global stressor that has been associated with elevated risk of negative mental health symptoms. As a helping profession, our main task should be identifying factors that may shield individuals from the negative consequences of stress, rather than only focusing on the causes and symptoms of stress. One such factor, identified in the literature, is an individual's perception of their problem-solving skills. In this study we investigate the role of problem-solving appraisal in the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. Participants were students (n = 322) who completed the Problem Solving Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the short forms of the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results demonstrate the health-sustaining benefits of problem-solving appraisal, as all dimensions of problem-solving appraisal (problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and problem-solving control) were directly associated with hopelessness and anxiety. The stress-buffering role of problem-solving appraisal with respect to hopelessness was demonstrated through the interaction between perceived stress and problem-solving appraisal. However, problem-solving appraisal did not buffer the effects of stress on anxiety. The findings indicate that problem-solving appraisal may be an important protective resource that could be beneficial for coping with other negative events and experiences beyond COVID-19. The implications of these findings for interventions are discussed.
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Jensen KJ, Mirabelli JF, Kunze AJ, Romanchek TE, Cross KJ. Undergraduate student perceptions of stress and mental health in engineering culture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM EDUCATION 2023; 10:30. [PMID: 37122482 PMCID: PMC10123580 DOI: 10.1186/s40594-023-00419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Mental health for engineering undergraduates is an urgent topic for engineering educators. Narratives of engineering education requiring suffering may create or exacerbate problematic perceptions around stress and mental health in engineering. This study explored the roles of stress and mental health in engineering culture. We sought to explore: (1) how engineering students describe their experiences related to stress and mental health and (2) norms and expectations engineering students share about stress and mental health. Qualitative interview data were collected from 30 students who had previously responded to a college-wide survey. Results Codes related to experiences with stress and mental health in engineering were organized in a bioecological systems model and analyzed for emergent themes depicting engineering culture. The study identified three themes related to stress and mental health in engineering culture: (1) engineering workload as a defining stressor, (2) specific barriers that prevent engineering students from seeking help for mental health concerns, and (3) reliance on peers to cope with stress and mental health distress. Conclusions Our analysis provided insight into how engineering students perceive norms around stress and mental health in engineering and how this impacts help-seeking for mental health challenges. These findings have important implications for developing interventions and positive cultures that support student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Joseph F. Mirabelli
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1310 S. Sixth St., Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Andrea J. Kunze
- Department of Counselor Education and Psychology, Delta State University, Highway 8 West, Cleveland, MS 38733 USA
| | - Thomas E. Romanchek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kelly J. Cross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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Goff AM. Stressors and learned resourcefulness in baccalaureate nursing students: a longitudinal study. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2023; 20:ijnes-2022-0009. [PMID: 37279289 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This correlational longitudinal study examined levels and relationships of Learned Resourcefulness (LR), stressors, and academic performance in baccalaureate nursing students at a North Carolina university. METHOD Gadzella's Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI) and Rosenbaum's Self-Control Scale (SCS) administered to 85 students in two groups upon admission and graduation. RESULTS LR increased, while stress decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05). Both groups (95.3% female, 85.8% Caucasian) reported similarly high frustration, pressure, and emotional reactions to stress. Significant relationship between taking tests and stress (p < 0.01). Stressors (p < 0.05) and age (p < 0.01) significant predictors of academic performance. Significant correlations of LR and work status (p < 0.01), and increased self-esteem (p < 0.05). No significant relationships among LR, stressors, and academic performance. CONCLUSION Results validate high levels of stress and suggest that higher LR enhances coping skills and decreases stress longitudinally, which can improve academic performance and retention. IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE Trends and relationships in stressors and LR should be explored internationally in larger, more diverse samples of college students in nursing and other majors in relation to depression, anxiety, health-related behaviors, demographics, and academic performance. LR can be assessed, taught, learned, and enhanced. Greater numbers of qualified, competent nursing graduates with stronger clinical judgment, coping, and problem-solving skills will address the critical global nursing shortage and improve the quality, safety, and access of health care worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Goff
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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Mavragani A, Kleiboer A, Neijenhuijs K, Karyotaki E, Wiers R, de Koning L, Jacobi C, Zarski AC, Weisel KK, Cuijpers P, Riper H. Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e40892. [PMID: 36515986 PMCID: PMC9798269 DOI: 10.2196/40892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are common mental health conditions in college and university student populations. Offering transdiagnostic, web-based prevention programs such as ICare Prevent to those with subclinical complaints has the potential to reduce some barriers to receiving help (eg, availability of services, privacy considerations, and students' desire for autonomy). However, uptake of these interventions is often low, and accounts of recruitment challenges are needed to complement available effectiveness research in student populations. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to describe recruitment challenges together with effective recruitment strategies for ICare Prevent and provide basic information on the intervention's effectiveness. METHODS A 3-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in a student sample with subclinical symptoms of depression and anxiety on the effectiveness of an individually guided (human support and feedback on exercises provided after each session, tailored to each participant) and automatically guided (computer-generated messages provided after each session, geared toward motivation) version of ICare Prevent, a web-based intervention with transdiagnostic components for the indicated prevention of depression and anxiety. The intervention was compared with care as usual. Descriptive statistics were used to outline recruitment challenges and effective web-based and offline strategies as well as students' use of the intervention. A basic analysis of intervention effects was conducted using a Bayesian linear mixed model, with Bayes factors reported as the effect size. RESULTS Direct recruitment through students' email addresses via the central student administration was the most effective strategy. Data from 35 participants were analyzed (individually guided: n=14, 40%; automatically guided: n=8, 23%; care as usual: n=13, 37%). Use of the intervention was low, with an average of 3 out of 7 sessions (SD 2.9) completed. The analyses did not suggest any intervention effects other than anecdotal evidence (all Bayes factors10≤2.7). CONCLUSIONS This report adds to the existing literature on recruitment challenges specific to the student population. Testing the feasibility of recruitment measures and the greater involvement of the target population in their design, as well as shifting from direct to indirect prevention, can potentially help future studies in the field. In addition, this report demonstrates an alternative basic analytical strategy for underpowered randomized controlled trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Clinical Trials Registry Platform NTR6562; https://tinyurl.com/4rbexzrk. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2477-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annet Kleiboer
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen Neijenhuijs
- Department of Research and Business Development, HumanTotalCare, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout Wiers
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa de Koning
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corinna Jacobi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna-Carlotta Zarski
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiona K Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,International Institute for Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Simegn W, Yohannes L, Seid AM, Kasahun AE, Sema FD, Flatie A, Elias A, Dagne H. Perceived stress and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:978510. [PMID: 36405123 PMCID: PMC9670151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During extensive outbreaks of infectious diseases, people who are impacted, particularly the subgroups of the community who are at an increased risk of mental health problems, may experience increased stress and mental health difficulties. University students are one such susceptible population and are prone to experiencing high levels of stress as compared with the general population. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing perceived stress and identifying its associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Ethiopia from 30 May to 30 June 2021. Students were asked to fill out an online survey on Google Forms that included consent, sociodemographic information, the UCLA-8 Loneliness Scale, the standard validated stress scale (PSS-10) questionnaire, and the three-item Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) to assess social support. The collected data were exported to SPSS 26. Descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to find associated factors, and variables with a p-value of 0.05 were considered statistically significant variables. Results A total of 426 university students were included in the survey, among whom 268 (62.9%) were male participants. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 37 years. Health-related departments accounted for 37.1% of the participants, while non-health-related departments accounted for 62.9%. The prevalence of stress was 18.3% in the study population. In this study, extreme susceptibility to COVID-19, sleeping problems, poor self-efficacy to prevent COVID-19, and loneliness were significantly associated with perceived stress. Conclusion Stress was prevalent among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extreme susceptibility to COVID-19, sleeping problems, poor self-efficacy, and loneliness were identified as factors for stress. Therefore, we suggest that universities should provide opportunities for safe social connection, counseling, and guidance for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lamrot Yohannes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Faisel Dula Sema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Flatie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Elias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Different Effects of Perceived Social Support on the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Depression among University Students with Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms: A Multigroup Mediation Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112212. [PMID: 36360553 PMCID: PMC9690873 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While perceived social support can mediate the relationship between perceived stress and depression, little is known about the differences between individuals with high and low borderline personality disorder symptoms (BPDS). This study aimed to investigate the associations among perceived stress, perceived social support, and depression, and compare low and high levels of BPDS. Methods. This cross-sectional analysis was a secondary analysis of data from the SI-Bord study. University students across Thailand completed a screening instrument for borderline personality disorder, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Revised Thai Multi-dimensional Scales of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Mediation analysis using PROCESS was applied to test the direct and indirect effects of perceived stress on depression. Multigroup mediational analysis was adopted to compare low and high levels of BPDS. Results. The mean age of the 330 participants was 20.27 (SD, 1.4) and 80% were female. Significant correlations were observed between the PSS, MSPSS, and PHQ scores, with greater magnitude among the high-level BPDS group (p < 0.001). A significant direct effect on perceived stress and a significant indirect effect on depression through perceived social support were noted. Of all the sources of social support, only the significant others variable significantly differed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Perception of social support had a significant mediating role in perceived stress and depression. The magnitude of associations was remarkably high for individuals with high BPDS compared to those with low BPDS. Unlike those with low BPDS, all sources of social support were significant mediators between the two groups.
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Baetens I, Vanderfaeillie J, Soyez V, Vantilborgh T, Van Den Meersschaut J, Schotte C, Theuns P. Subjective wellbeing and psychological symptoms of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a structured telephone interview in a large sample of university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:889503. [PMID: 36186281 PMCID: PMC9521619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
University students are at elevated risk for psychological distress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to warmly contact our students and investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the subjective wellbeing (SWB) and levels of psychological symptoms (such as depressive and anxious feelings) of university students in Belgium. All bachelor and master students of the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (N = 15,475) were invited for a brief structured telephone interview in March, 2021. In total, 7,154 students were assessed by a structured interview, based on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA). Compared to a representative sample, students considered their life during the pandemic as less satisfying compared to their life before the pandemic. Overall, all students have suffered from COVID-19 and the measures taken to contain the pandemic. Twenty percent of our sample of 7,154 VUB students scored above the K6 cutoff, indicating a heightened risk for having a diagnosable mental illness severe enough to cause functional limitations and to require treatment. This study highlights the need for psychological support for all students, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The Influence of Traditional Culture Integration into Chinese Language and Literature Teaching on the Improvement of Mental Health of College Students. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9528503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary college students not only face the pressure brought by their studies but also bear the pressure brought by society and their families. Helping college students correctly understand their mental health and effectively solve their’ mental health diseases has become an important issue in education research. The cultivation of healthy psychological quality is inseparable from the cultivation of a humanistic spirit. Therefore, integrating excellent traditional culture into Chinese language and literature teaching and research and giving full play to and inheriting the educational role of excellent traditional culture can not only improve the literary quality of college students and benefit the construction of healthy mental of college students. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Chinese excellent traditional culture on the cultivation of college students’ mental health, analyze the impact of traditional culture integration into Chinese language and literature teaching research on improving college students’ mental health, and propose the valuable suggestion for integration of excellent traditional culture into Chinese language and literature teaching research. Firstly, we analyze the benefits of integrating traditional culture in literature to the construction of college students’ healthy psychology; then, the current deficiencies of literature education are analyzed; next, through literature analysis and summary, the main factors affecting the mental health of college students were found and the importance of these factors was evaluated by questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods; finally, targeted opinions and suggestions are put forward. This research provides guidance and reference for inheriting excellent national culture through literature education and constructing university health psychology in the future.
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Tomoiagă C, David O. The Efficacy of Guided and Unguided Game-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Distress in College Students. Games Health J 2022; 11:403-413. [PMID: 36067336 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2021.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: College students` mental health is an international prioritized research subject. Dedicated interventions are constantly developed to be more suited, attractive, and effective and to reach as many students as possible. Our study aims to investigate the efficacy of an online game-based cognitive-behavioral therapy transdiagnostic intervention (REThink game) in reducing psychology students' distress. Method: Our sample consisted of 139 students (mean age 26.27; 17 male students and 122 female students) who voluntarily enrolled in our study, and they were randomly assigned to 1 of our 3 groups (REThink game without guidance n = 44; REThink game with guidance n = 46; or care-as-usual control group n = 49). They completed the pretest questionnaires (distress [negative functional and dysfunctional emotions], rational, and irrational cognitions), then they were offered to play the trial version of the REThink game, and after that, two specific levels focused on relaxation with mindfulness abilities, and on cognitive change emotion-regulation abilities. After completing the game, students in the REThink game with guidance received email support aimed to help them implement the skills learned in the game. Results: Results showed medium effect size improvements for the REThink game without guidance group compared to the control group in terms of dysfunctional negative emotions and improvements in irrational cognitions for both experimental groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: So far, the REThink therapeutic game proved to be a promising innovative, efficient, and highly accessible intervention for helping students manage distress. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04763954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tomoiagă
- Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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