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Chen J, Liu K, Zhang J, Liu S, Wang Y, Cao R, Peng X, Han M, Han H, Yao R, Fu L. Parental Pressure on Child Body Image, BMI, Body Image Dissatisfaction Associated with Eating Disorders in School-Age Children in China: A Path Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3247-3258. [PMID: 37609642 PMCID: PMC10440685 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s418535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children's eating behaviors, body shape and body image cognition may be more susceptible to the influence of their parents, but these influences may be weakened with age. There may be different association pathways between parental pressure on children's body image (PPCBI), body mass index (BMI), body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (EDs) among children and adolescents at different developmental stages. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method (Stratified by grade, and took the classes as clusters) was used to select 486 students aged 8-15 years in two 9-year schools. Children's body height, weight, testicular volume and breast development were measured. PPCBI, BID, and EDs were investigated using the Appearance-related Social Stress Questionnaire, Body Size Questionnaire (BID-14), and EDI-1 scale, respectively. Results The boys before puberty initiation had significantly higher EDs score (182.3±50.8) than girls before puberty initiation (164.1±58.1) (P<0.05). There were significant association pathways of PPCBI→BMI→BID→EDs and PPCBI→BID→EDs in boys before puberty initiation (β=0.035, P<0.01; β=0.059, P<0.01), in boys after puberty initiation (β=0.032, P<0.01; β=0.175, P<0.001), and in girls after puberty initiation (β=0.026, P<0.01; β=0.172, P<0.001). There was a positive association pathway of PPCBI→EDs in boys before puberty initiation (β=0.30, P<0.001) and PPCBI→BID→EDs in girls before puberty initiation (β=0.176, P<0.01). Conclusion Parental pressure on children's body image may positively associate with children's eating disorders through BMI and body image dissatisfaction in boys and girls after puberty initiation and directly associate with eating disorders in boys before puberty initiation; however, it may indirectly associate with eating disorders only through BID in girls before puberty initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songhui Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyao Cao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Peng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongying Yao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People’s Republic of China
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Pecini C, Di Bernardo GA, Crapolicchio E, Vezzali L, Andrighetto L. Body Shame in 7-12-Year-Old Girls and Boys: The Role of Parental Attention to Children's Appearance. SEX ROLES 2023; 89:1-14. [PMID: 37360900 PMCID: PMC10245339 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-023-01385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the Tripartite Influence Model and Objectification Theory, we examined whether parents' attention to their children's appearance was related to higher body shame in girls and boys. In Study 1 (N = 195) and 2 (N = 163), we investigated 7-12-year-old children's metaperceptions about parents' attention to their appearance and its association with children's body shame. In Study 3, we examined the link between parents' self-reported attention to their children's appearance and children's body shame among parent-child triads (N = 70). Results demonstrated that both children's metaperceptions and fathers' self-reported attention to children's appearance were associated with body shame in children. Furthermore, when mothers' and fathers' attitudes toward their children were analyzed simultaneously, only fathers' attention to their children's appearance was associated with greater body shame in girls and boys. Notably, no gender differences emerged, suggesting that parents' attention to their children's appearance was not differentially related to body shame in girls and boys. These results remained significant when controlling for other sources of influence, namely peer and media influence, both of which were found to have a strong association with body shame in children. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pecini
- Department of Education, University of Genoa, Genova, 16128 Italy
| | - Gian Antonio Di Bernardo
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Crapolicchio
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Loris Vezzali
- Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Andrighetto
- Department of Education, University of Genoa, Genova, 16128 Italy
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Gardam O, Kokenberg-Gallant L, Kaur S, John ES, Carbonneau N, Guimond FA. Parent and child influence in body image dissatisfaction: The moderating effect of parent acceptance of the COVID-19 pandemic. Body Image 2023; 45:183-191. [PMID: 36940501 PMCID: PMC9970923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of parent and child-driven effects on body image dissatisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The moderating effect of parents' acceptance of the COVID-19 pandemic and child gender were also investigated. The participants were 175 Canadian parents (mothers = 87.4%, fathers = 12%, unspecified = 0.6%) of children aged between 7 and 12 years old (M = 9.2; boys = 48.9%, girls = 51.1%). Two cohorts of parents were asked to complete a questionnaire in June 2020 and January 2021, respectively, followed by a second questionnaire approximately five months later. At both time points, the questionnaires addressed the parents' body image dissatisfaction and acceptance of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, parents reported on their child's body image dissatisfaction at both time points. Path analysis models were used to examine parent-driven and child-driven effects. Parents' acceptance of the pandemic significantly moderated both parent and child-driven effects such that parents with low levels of acceptance were more likely to negatively influence, and be negatively influenced by, their perception of their child's body image dissatisfaction. Child gender significantly moderated child-driven effects, as mothers' perception of their son's body image dissatisfaction predicted their own dissatisfaction over time. Our findings suggest that child-driven effects should be considered in future studies on body image dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Gardam
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Laila Kokenberg-Gallant
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sahej Kaur
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth St John
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Noémie Carbonneau
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Fanny-Alexandra Guimond
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Cothran DJ, Kulinna PH. "He's a little skinny and he's a little wide.": a mixed design investigation of American Indian student perceptions of healthy bodies. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:239. [PMID: 36737762 PMCID: PMC9896662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood is a critical developmental time of wellness patterns, yet little is known about what children know and believe. Even less is known about non-majority cultures like American Indian youth. The purpose of this study was to explore American Indian students' understandings of nutrition and physical activity. METHODS This mixed methods study took place in 10 schools in an American Indian community in the Southwestern U.S. Ninety American Indian students in grades 3-12 (8-19 years old) were interviewed. The interview included an 8-point body size chart. Numerical data were analyzed via t-test statistics while a constant comparison process and analysis was used for the interview data. RESULTS Students rated approximately 85% of students in Category 5 or smaller on the scale while placing 60% of adults at or above that size. There was a general trend of a larger body type for boys seen as healthy compared to that for girls. Students generally believed that their classmates were larger than the healthy body size. For students, a healthy body was the result of compliance with "eat right and exercise" rules. They exhibited little understanding of nutrition or physical activity and there were few developmental differences in understanding. Health was a corporeal concept and violators of the eat right and exercise rules were seen as lazy. CONCLUSIONS Students held narrow and corporeal focused notions of health focused on simple rules. People who violated the rules were "lazy", a concept that seemed to underlie multiple constructs and a finding that holds true in other investigations. Students also reported few adult role models, a topic that should be explored with expanded family groups to better represent the multi-generational (e.g. grandparents, uncles, aunts) family housing common in the community. The findings are limited to a single American Indian community and a mixed design of relatively small numbers. This addition to the literature from a non-majority cultural group expands our knowledge of student perspectives on health. These findings can be used to create more effective curricula and interventions. Schools need more effective, but also alternately framed approaches that promote broader views of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donetta J. Cothran
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XSchool of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 East 7th Street, 47405 Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Pamela Hodges Kulinna
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Arizona State University, 7271 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall Santa Catalina Hall Rm. 330Q, 85212 Mesa, AZ USA
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Martini MCS, Assumpção DD, Barros MBDA, Mattei J, Barros Filho ADA. Prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents: a systematic review. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2023; 41:e2021204. [PMID: 36102398 PMCID: PMC9467670 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10-19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. Data source: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. Data synthesis: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8-82.5% among boys and 19.2-83.8% among girls). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents.
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Gómez-Peresmitré G, Platas-Acevedo RS, León-Hernández R, Pineda-García G, Guzmán-Saldaña R. Psychometric Assessment of an Online Self-Test Measuring Risky Eating Behavior, Depression, Social Anxiety, and Self-Injury in Mexican Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:399. [PMID: 36612722 PMCID: PMC9819483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of OTESSED, an online test for the self-detection and prevention of risk factors for eating disorders and related problems, such as depression, social anxiety, and self-injury, in samples of male and female adolescents. Participants formed a non-probability sample of N = 577 high school students. The mean ages of boys and girls were the same (Mage = 15.61; SD = 0.73). Among the main results, scales of depression, self-injury, social anxiety, and risky eating behavior (REB) with construct validity (CFA) were obtained. The first two showed the same structure (two factors per sex), with an appropriate reliability omega value (0.92), and a similar percentage of explained variance (≥50). The REB scale presented two factors for boys and three for girls, with an appropriate omega value (0.88) and explained variance percentage (0.56). The instrument validation process was completed, meeting the discriminant validity criterion for each scale of the OTESSED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Gómez-Peresmitré
- Faculty of Psychology, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3004 Col Copilco-Universidad, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Romana Silvia Platas-Acevedo
- Faculty of Psychology, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3004 Col Copilco-Universidad, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo León-Hernández
- National Council of Science and Technology, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Ciudad de México C.P. 03940, Mexico
| | - Gisela Pineda-García
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Cal. University 14418, International Industrial Park, Tijuana C.P. 22390, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Guzmán-Saldaña
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Camino a Tilcuautla s/n Pueblo San Juan Tilcuautla, Hidalgo C.P. 42160, Mexico
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Dyadic Predictors of Child Body Shame in a Polish and Italian Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148659. [PMID: 35886511 PMCID: PMC9318821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at assessing the predictors (related to the functioning of a parent-child dyad) of child body shame. Therefore, in the main analysis we examined relationships among child body shame, child perfectionism, child body dissatisfaction, parent body shame, parent perfectionism, and parent body dissatisfaction. In our main hypothesis we assumed that higher levels of the abovementioned parent functioning-related variables would be associated with higher child body shame after accounting for the effects of the foregoing child functioning-related variables. The analysis finally included complete data from 420 participants, i.e., a 115 Polish and 95 Italian parent-child dyad. Participants completed: (a) child: the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale for Youth, the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, the Children's Body Image Scale/the Figure Rating Scale; (b) parent: the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. The results of a correlational analysis show that in both the Polish and Italian samples, the higher the level of child body shame, the higher the level of the following variables: child perfectionism, child body dissatisfaction, parent perfectionism, and parent body dissatisfaction. Interestingly, the only insignificant relationship in both samples is the association between body shame in both members of the child-parent dyad. Moreover, all steps of the regressions were significant in both Polish and Italian samples. It turned out that only in the Italian sample were all predictors significantly associated with a child's body shame (in the Polish sample there was no significant association between child's body shame and parent's perfectionism). To sum up, the above studies show the importance of considering the functioning of the parent-child dyad in understanding child body shame. These findings suggest that parents' attitudes toward their bodies and their beliefs about an ideal self should be taken into account when planning interventions to improve children's and adolescents' attitudes toward their bodies. This is so because it is possible for children to internalize their parents' beliefs about how to look and how critical one should be of themselves, which can result in strong body shame when they are not perfect enough against the internalized ideal. Therefore, it is also necessary to make parents aware that children's attitude toward their body is often a reflection of parents' attitude toward the body.
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Cornelissen KK, Brokjøb LG, Gumančík J, Lowdon E, McCarty K, Irvine KR, Tovée MJ, Cornelissen PL. The Effect of Own Body Concerns on Judgments of Other Women’s Body Size. Front Psychol 2022; 13:888904. [PMID: 35602723 PMCID: PMC9120952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationships between healthy women’s estimates of their own body size, their body dissatisfaction, and how they subjectively judge the transition from normal to overweight in other women’s bodies (the “normal/overweight” boundary). We propose two complementary hypotheses. In the first, participants compare other women to an internalized Western “thin ideal,” whose size reflects the observer’s own body dissatisfaction. As dissatisfaction increases, so the size of their “thin ideal” reduces, predicting an inverse relationship between the “normal/overweight” boundary and participants’ body dissatisfaction. Alternatively, participants judge the size of other women relative to the body size they believe they have. For this implicit or explicit social comparison, the participant selects a “normal/overweight” boundary that minimizes the chance of her making an upward social comparison. So, the “normal/overweight” boundary matches or is larger than her own body size. In an online study of 129 healthy women, we found that both opposing factors explain where women place the “normal/overweight” boundary. Increasing body dissatisfaction leads to slimmer judgments for the position of the “normal/overweight” boundary in the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. Whereas, increasing overestimation by the observer of their own body size shifts the “normal/overweight” boundary toward higher BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri K. Cornelissen
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lise Gulli Brokjøb
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jiří Gumančík
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ellis Lowdon
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kristofor McCarty
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kamila R. Irvine
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Tovée
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Louis Cornelissen
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Piers Louis Cornelissen,
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Janicke DM, Mitchell TB, Pinto S, Wolock ER, Ding K, Moorman EL, Gonzalez-Louis R, Lim CS. Latent profiles of the feeding practices of caregivers of rural children with overweight and obesity and associations with child eating behaviors. Appetite 2022; 171:105911. [PMID: 35007665 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that food parenting practices, which vary within the context of sociocultural factors, are associated with child weight, eating behaviors, and body dissatisfaction. While parents typically engage in multiple food parenting practices, few studies have examined what subgroups or combinations of food parenting practices are associated with child health outcomes and sociocultural factors. The current study examined profiles of food parenting practices among school-age children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) from rural communities and examined how they may be associated with sociocultural factors, child-eating habits, and health outcomes. The study included 270 children with OW/OB aged 8-12 (Mage = 10.36 years) and their caregivers. Caregivers completed a measure assessing perceptions of their feeding practices and sociocultural questionnaires. Children completed measures assessing disordered eating habits, weight control behaviors, and body dissatisfaction. Weight status was measured for caregivers and children with height and weight measurements. Latent variable mixture modeling (LVMM) was conducted. Three profiles emerged: (a) Lower Parental Involvement, (b) Higher Parental Involvement, and (c) Mixed Parental Involvement. Lower family income and non-White child race were related to membership in the "Higher Parental Involvement" profile. After controlling for income and child race, children in the "Mixed Parental Involvement" profile reported significantly higher body dissatisfaction than children in the "Lower Parental Involvement" profile. There are subgroups of caregivers of rural children with OW/OB that demonstrate various patterns of parent feeding practices, and these subgroups differ by income, race, and child body dissatisfaction. Future research should consider how caregiver-specific feeding practices may impact child eating behaviors and their body image development, as well as the impact cultural factors may have on parent feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA.
| | - Tarrah B Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, USA
| | - Stefania Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Wolock
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Erin L Moorman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA
| | | | - Crystal S Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA
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Navarro-Patón R, Mecías-Calvo M, Pueyo Villa S, Anaya V, Martí-González M, Lago-Ballesteros J. Perceptions of the Body and Body Dissatisfaction in Primary Education Children According to Gender and Age. A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12460. [PMID: 34886183 PMCID: PMC8657074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Body image (BI) is a trending topic of study since health problems derived from a negative perception of the body are increasing and affecting people of all ages, with an increasing incidence among children from the age of eight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current perception of the body against the desired body and the degree of body satisfaction of Galician primary education students. A total of 355 students (167 boys (47%)) between 9 and 12 years old participated (mean = 10.53; SD = 0.84). Sociodemographic data (sex, age, height, and weight) were collected, and the Figure Rating Scale was used. There are statistically significant differences between boys and girls in the current perceived figure (p = 0.003) and in the desired figure (p < 0.001). Depending on age, the differences were in current (p = 0.010) and desired (p = 0.021) body perception. In conclusion, boys perceive themselves as having a larger figure than girls do, but this perception is far from reality according to the body mass index. For the desired figure, both boys and girls want to be slimmer, but girls want a slimmer figure. Regarding age, the current perceived figure size increases with age as it increases in those students dissatisfied with their body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain; (R.N.-P.); (J.L.-B.)
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain; (R.N.-P.); (J.L.-B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Silvia Pueyo Villa
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.P.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Vanessa Anaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.P.V.); (V.A.)
| | | | - Joaquín Lago-Ballesteros
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain; (R.N.-P.); (J.L.-B.)
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