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Laliberte M, Boyd LD, Perry KR, Vineyard J. The role of self-compassion in mediating the effect of perfectionism on personal growth initiative in dental hygienists. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:284-293. [PMID: 37661666 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored perfectionism, self-compassion and personal growth initiative in clinical dental hygienists. METHODS Cross-sectional survey research was conducted with a non-probability sample of clinical dental hygienists (n = 877). The survey had 55 items and consisted of three validated instruments: Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Brief (including evaluative concerns and perfectionistic striving subscales), Neff's Self-Compassion Scale and Robitschek's Personal Growth Initiative Scale. Descriptive, correlation, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships among variables. Mediation analysis was conducted to determine the presence of a mediated moderation effect of self-compassion on perfectionism and personal growth initiative. RESULTS The completion rate for the survey was 89% (n = 788). Evaluative concerns (M = 11.83) and perfectionistic strivings (M = 15.44) among dental hygienists were high, levels of self-compassion (SC) were moderate (M = 2.87) and levels of personal growth initiative (PGI) were low (M = 38.07) compared to others not in the dental field. The mediation analysis found that SC mediates the relationship between perfectionistic evaluative concerns and PGI. It was also determined that SC mediates the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and PGI. CONCLUSION Dental hygienists have high levels of perfectionism and may lack necessary levels of self-compassion to counteract those perfectionistic tendencies resulting in a decrease in taking the initiative to engage in opportunities for growth. This suggests the importance of dental hygienists developing a more adaptive perfectionism to balance self-criticism along with not having unrealistic expectations for perfection while engaging in self-compassion that includes self-kindness and mindfulness to support their continued growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Laliberte
- Forsyth School of Dental Hygiene, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda D Boyd
- Forsyth School of Dental Hygiene, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristeen R Perry
- Forsyth School of Dental Hygiene, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jared Vineyard
- Forsyth School of Dental Hygiene, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Delaquis CP, Godart N, Barry C, Ringuenet D, Maria AS, Nicolas I, Berthoz S. Perfectionism, self-esteem, and affective symptoms in anorexia nervosa subtypes: A network analysis of French inpatients. J Clin Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38646977 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have highlighted the relevance of perfectionism, self-esteem, and anxio-depressive symptoms in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the relationships between these factors and cardinal eating disorders (ED) symptoms remain unclear, particularly in AN subtypes. This study aimed to examine their interconnections using network analysis. METHOD The sample included n = 338 inpatients with AN who completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Using network analysis, we estimated three networks: full sample, AN-restrictive (AN-R) and AN-binge/purging (AN-BP) subtypes. We estimated central and bridge symptoms using expected influence and conducted an exploratory network comparison test to compare AN subtypes. RESULTS Overvaluation of Weight and Shape, Concern over Mistakes, and Personal Standards were consistently central in all networks. The most central bridge symptoms across all networks were Concern over Mistakes and Self-Esteem. Concern over Mistakes bridged perfectionism and ED symptoms, while Self-Esteem was highly connected to all symptom clusters. Anxiety was significantly more central in the AN-R network compared to the AN-BP network. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to a growing body of network studies suggesting that nodes related to perfectionism are just as central as cardinal ED symptoms, indicating the relevance of perfectionism in ED pathology. The high bridge centrality of self-esteem suggests that it may be an important link between perfectionism, mood, and ED symptoms. Future research should investigate the efficacy of targeting multiple psychological factors in the treatment of AN, as well as their potential transdiagnostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Godart
- Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Paris, France
- CESP, Inserm, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UFR Simone Veil-Santé, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Caroline Barry
- CESP, Inserm, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Ringuenet
- CESP, Inserm, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Unité de Traitement des Troubles des Conduites Alimentaires, Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Isabelle Nicolas
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- INCIA CNRS UMR 5287, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
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Dubé S, Beaulieu N, Bergeron S, Lafontaine MF, Péloquin K, Brault-Labbé A, Gosselin P, Brassard A. Do perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy predict genitopelvic pain in the postpartum? A prospective study of new mothers. J Sex Med 2024:qdae039. [PMID: 38556646 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genitopelvic pain following childbirth is common and likely to challenge the psychological, relational, and sexual well-being of new mothers. While genitopelvic pain generally decreases during the postpartum period, personal and interpersonal characteristics may explain why genitopelvic pain persists beyond the period of physical recovery in some mothers. Body image concerns, increased stress, and relationship challenges would be particularly salient during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which could put new mothers at greater risk of sexual difficulties. Also, mothers may display a negative appraisal regarding genitopelvic pain and doubt their ability to cope with it, which may contribute to the pain. AIM The current study aimed to examine the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived intimacy in the occurrence and change in genitopelvic pain in new mothers in postpartum. METHODS A total of 211 new mothers and their partners were recruited for a larger prospective dyadic study on the transition to parenthood. OUTCOMES Mothers completed a single item assessing genitopelvic pain, in addition to brief validated questionnaires measuring perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived couple intimacy during pregnancy and at 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. RESULTS Five multilevel modeling analyses revealed that adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism, and body image concerns were associated with a higher occurrence of genitopelvic pain from 4 to 12 months postpartum. Mothers' and partners' perceived intimacy was not significantly related to new mothers' genitopelvic pain. None of the predictors modified the trajectory of genitopelvic pain over time. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Raising awareness among health care professionals regarding the role of perfectionism and body image concerns in genitopelvic pain may help them identify new mothers at risk of chronic genitopelvic pain, while offering a new avenue of intervention. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS There has been little research examining the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy in postpartum genitopelvic pain. Based on a longitudinal prospective approach, this study identified perfectionism and body image concerns as significant predictors of postpartum genitopelvic pain. However, prepregnancy genitopelvic pain, genitopelvic pain intensity, and sexual distress were not measured. CONCLUSION Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and body image concerns are associated with new mothers' genitopelvic pain up to 12 months postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dubé
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Noémie Beaulieu
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Péloquin
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Anne Brault-Labbé
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Patrick Gosselin
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Audrey Brassard
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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Tör-Çabuk K, Koç V. Cognitive bias modification for perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized controlled trial. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38450971 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of combined cognitive bias modification (CBM) on perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty. Fifty-four university students scoring over 70.5 on the Brief Symptom Measure were randomly assigned to experimental and placebo control groups. The CBM intervention was administered online for 4 weeks. Assessments were given at baseline, after the 4-week intervention, and 1 month post-intervention. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in two dimensions of perfectionism, concern over mistakes and parental criticism, and intolerance of uncertainty of those in the experimental group, compared to those in the control group. The findings related to the interpretation of perfectionism revealed a significant interaction effect of time and direction of sentences for the experimental group. Lastly, the experimental group's interpretation bias scores for intolerance of uncertainty showed a statistically significant increase after the intervention compared to those in the control group. The study's findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of CBM on perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Tör-Çabuk
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Volkan Koç
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Casale S, Svicher A, Fioravanti G, Hewitt PL, Flett GL, Pozza A. Perfectionistic Self-Presentation and Psychopathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2966. [PMID: 38600830 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Decades of research implicate perfectionism as a risk factor for psychopathology. Most research has focused on trait perfectionism (i.e., needing to be perfect), but there is a growing focus on perfectionistic self-presentation (PSP) (i.e., the need to seem perfect). The current article reports the results of a meta-analysis of previous research on the facets of PSP and psychopathology outcomes (either clinical diagnoses of psychiatric disorders or symptoms of these disorders). A systematic literature search retrieved 30 relevant studies (37 samples; N = 15,072), resulting in 192 individual effect-size indexes that were analysed with random-effect meta-analysis. Findings support the notion of PSP as a transdiagnostic factor by showing that PSP facets are associated with various forms of psychopathology, especially social anxiety, depression, vulnerable narcissism and-to lesser extent-grandiose narcissism and anorexia nervosa. The results indicated that there both commonalities across the three PSP and some unique findings highlighting the need to distinguish among appearing perfect, avoiding seeming imperfect and avoiding disclosures of imperfections. Additional analyses yielded little evidence in the results across studies including undergraduates, community samples and clinical samples. Our discussion includes a focus on factors and processes that contribute to the association between PSP and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Svicher
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul L Hewitt
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gordon L Flett
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Criswell SR. Applying process-oriented hypnosis to treat perfectionism-related depression. Am J Clin Hypn 2024; 66:20-34. [PMID: 37437143 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2023.2208638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper brings together concepts, tools, and case examples that provide guidance for ways to use process-oriented clinical hypnosis to shift perfectionistic tendencies to help resolve depression and enhance well-being. Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic risk factor for clinical and subclinical suffering of many types including depression. Over time, perfectionism is becoming more widespread. Perfectionism-related depression can be effectively treated when clinician attention is directed toward core skills and themes. Case examples illustrate how to help clients moderate overly extreme thinking, create and use realistic standards, and develop and apply a balanced self-evaluation. A variety of clinician styles and approaches, especially when tailored to individual client characteristics, preferences, and needs, are compatible with process-oriented hypnotic interventions for perfectionism and depression.
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Hjerresen TS, Bentz M, Nejad AB, Raffin E, Andersen KW, Hulme OJ, Siebner HR, Plessen KJ. Performing well but not appreciating it - A trait feature of anorexia nervosa. JCPP Adv 2024; 4:e12194. [PMID: 38486955 PMCID: PMC10933629 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), a large subgroup of individuals does not profit optimally from treatment. Perfectionism has been found to be a risk factor predicting the onset, severity, and duration of AN episodes. To date, perfectionism has been studied predominantly by the use of self-report questionnaires, a useful approach that may, however, be impacted by demand characteristics, or other distortions of introspective or metacognitive access. Methods Here we circumvent these problems via a behavioral paradigm in which participants perform a modified Go/NoGo task, whilst self-evaluating their performance. We compared a group of 33 adolescent females during their first episode of AN (age = 16.0) with 29 female controls (age = 16.2), and 23 adolescent girls recovered from AN (age = 18.3) with 23 female controls (age = 18.5). The controls were closely matched by intelligence quotient and age to the two clinical groups. Results First-episode AN and control participants performed equally well on the task (reaction time and errors of commission), whereas the recovered group displayed significantly faster reaction times but incurred the same error rate. Despite performing at least as good as and predominantly better than control groups, both clinical groups evaluated their performances more negatively than controls. Conclusion We offer a novel behavioral method for measuring perfectionism independent of self-report, and we provide tentative evidence that this behavioral manifestation of perfectionism is evident during first-episode AN and persists even after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Schuppli Hjerresen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CenterCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Mental Health Services CPHCopenhagenDenmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCentre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mette Bentz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CenterCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Mental Health Services CPHCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Estelle Raffin
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCentre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- Defitech Chair of Clinical NeuroengineeringNeuro‐X Institute and Brain Mind Institute (BMI)Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Kasper Winther Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCentre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Oliver James Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCentre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- London Mathematical LaboratoryLondonUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCentre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of NeurologyCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CenterCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Mental Health Services CPHCopenhagenDenmark
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Kahlon S, Gjestad R, Lindner P, Nordgreen T. Perfectionism as a predictor of change in digital self-guided interventions for public speaking anxiety in adolescents: A secondary analysis of a four-armed randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2024; 53:152-170. [PMID: 37991001 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2281243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) interventions targeting adolescents exist; however, not all gain improvement. This exploratory study investigated whether PSA interventions resulted in a decrease in perfectionism and whether pre-treatment level and changes in perfectionism moderated the effects on PSA and social anxiety. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents from junior high schools randomized to four groups: 1) VR only (n = 20), 2) VR + online exposure program (n = 20), 3) online psychoeducation and online exposure program (n = 40), 4) waitlist and online psychoeducation program (n = 20). Self-reported symptoms of PSA, social anxiety, and perfectionism were measured at pre, week 3, post, and 3-months follow-up. Level and change in outcome variables were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling. Results revealed that the interventions did not lead to a reduction in perfectionism. Reduction in perfectionism was associated with a larger reduction in all outcome measures from post to follow-up. No interaction was found between pre-treatment perfectionism and PSA symptoms. High pre-treatment levels of perfectionism were associated with poorer outcomes on social anxiety symptoms from post to follow-up for online exposure groups. The results indicate that one should assess and address high pre-treatment levels of perfectionism during PSA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smiti Kahlon
- Research Centre for Digital Mental Health Services, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Gjestad
- Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Philip Lindner
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Research Centre for Digital Mental Health Services, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Küskens A, Stricker J, Hertrampf LS, Pietrowsky R, Gieselmann A. Perfectionism, perceived stress, and presleep arousal in insomnia: effects on sleep in a daily life study. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:433-443. [PMID: 37942932 PMCID: PMC11019203 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Perfectionism is considered a predisposing and maintaining factor for insomnia disorder. However, previous studies were predominantly based on retrospective self-reports of sleep and have yielded mixed results. Here, we investigated associations between perfectionism, daily stress levels, pre-sleep arousal, and actigraphic and sleep diary-derived sleep in insomnia using an experience sampling design. METHODS Individuals with insomnia (n = 63) reported their trait perfectionism levels and completed assessments on seven consecutive days. Momentary stress levels were reported on mobile phones at three semirandom time points each day. Presleep arousal levels were rated each morning for the previous night. Sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency were assessed prospectively using actigraphic watches and sleep diaries. RESULTS Perfectionism dimensions and daily stress levels did not predict self-reported or actigraphic sleep parameters. Higher levels of somatic and cognitive presleep arousal were robustly associated with indicators of poorer same-night sleep. The concern over mistakes and doubts dimension of perfectionism interacted with cognitive presleep arousal in predicting self-reported sleep parameters. In the presence of higher presleep arousal, participants with high concern over mistakes and doubts experienced shorter self-reported total sleep time and lower sleep efficiency (both Ps < .01) than on days with lower cognitive arousal. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results did not indicate an impact of heightened perfectionism levels on sleep in individuals with insomnia, based on prospective sleep assessments. However, our findings provide further evidence for the role of somatic and cognitive presleep arousal, potentially interacting with perfectionism, in the perpetuation of insomnia symptoms. CITATION Küskens A, Stricker J, Hertrampf LS, Pietrowsky R, Gieselmann A. Perfectionism, perceived stress, and presleep arousal in insomnia: effects on sleep in a daily life study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(3):433-443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Küskens
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stricker
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luca Stefan Hertrampf
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Gieselmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abramovitch A, Uwadiale A, Robinson A. A randomized clinical trial of a gamified app for the treatment of perfectionism. Br J Clin Psychol 2024; 63:73-91. [PMID: 37864496 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perfectionism is a common transdiagnostic problem that may lead to substantial distress and functional impairments. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for perfectionism. However, the existing significant barriers to access and utilization of mental health services, including among college students, demand the development of low-intensity accessible interventions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-intensity CBT-based self-help gamified app developed specifically for perfectionism in a sample of college students. METHODS Participants completed assessments of perfectionism, related symptoms, emotional burden and functional impairments at pretreatment, posttreatment and at one-month follow-up. RESULTS Compared with the waitlist condition (n = 35), the app condition (n = 35) demonstrated a significant and greater reduction in perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, functional impairments and subjective ratings of emotional burden. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a brief, daily app-based game-like intervention targeting maladaptive perfectionistic beliefs may be a viable, low-cost alternative to traditional CBT treatments for vulnerable populations on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Abramovitch
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Akuekegbe Uwadiale
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Miley M, Mantzios M, Egan H, Connabeer K. Exploring the role of personality, perfectionism, and self-compassion on the relationship between clinical decision-making and nurses' wellbeing. Contemp Nurse 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38408166 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2024.2319845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical decision-making is a core competency of the nursing role, with nurses having to make decisions surrounding patient care and patient safety daily. With decision-making being linked to psychological outcomes, it is important to consider potential areas that may support or hinder nurses' wellbeing whilst navigating clinical decisions. AIM The present study sought to investigate the relationship between clinical decision-making and moral distress, and further explore the role of personality, perfectionism, philotimo (a virtue describing the desire to do right by oneself and others, aligning with one's sense of morality), and self-compassion. DESIGN An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using Qualtrics. Associations between clinical decision-making and moral distress, burnout, personality, perfectionism, philotimo, and self-compassion were examined using univariate and multivariate statistics. METHODS One hundred and forty-three nurses from the United Kingdom completed an online questionnaire. Eligibility criteria included individuals who had practised in the nursing profession for a minimum of six months. To ensure that all participants were practising across the United Kingdom, the eligibility criteria was made clear in the study advertisement, and the consent form. The consent form required participants to confirm that they reached these criteria to proceed with the study. RESULTS Results revealed that clinical decision-making was associated with moral distress experience, and that both openness to experience, and philotimo mediated this relationship, independently. In addition to this, self-compassion was significantly associated with clinical decision-making across senior banded nursing roles, but this was non-significant for junior banded nursing roles. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the role of individual differences when looking at the impact of clinical decision-making upon nurses' wellbeing and offers explanation for any variance in moral distress experience across nursing professionals. This research identifies fundamental differences between junior and senior nurses in relation to clinical decision-making and self-compassion that should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Miley
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan St., Birmingham B4 7BD, UK
| | - Michail Mantzios
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan St., Birmingham B4 7BD, UK
| | - Helen Egan
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan St., Birmingham B4 7BD, UK
| | - Kathrina Connabeer
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan St., Birmingham B4 7BD, UK
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Angelo NL, Brullo G, Marsiglia A, Tirelli A, Piroddi E, Viti C, Aicardi I, Pozza A. Romantic relationship obsessive-compulsive doubts, perfectionism, and DSM-5 personality traits in LGB people: a comparison with heterosexual individuals. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1187179. [PMID: 38449756 PMCID: PMC10916694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1187179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by the presence of relationship-centered or partner-focused obsessions and compulsions that determine a great sense of doubt toward the partner or the relationship. Personality characteristics, including perfectionism, are involved in the development of Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and could predispose the individual to excessive doubts and preoccupations regarding the "adequacy of the couple" or the physical appearance of one's partner. Evidence from epidemiological research shows that the LGB community can present a high risk and prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and recent research demonstrated the usefulness of the DSM-5 personality model in understanding the personality of sexual minorities. However, further research is necessary to deepen our knowledge of the relationship between these variables in the LGB community. The aim of the present study was to compare a group of heterosexual individuals to a group of LGB individuals regarding personality traits, perfectionism, and relationship obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Methods A total of 200 participants, 98 in the heterosexual group and 102 in the LGB group, were enrolled in the study and completed a psychological battery comprised of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Inventory, and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Results The results show that LGB individuals tend to report greater feelings of doubt regarding the partner's love, more negative emotions (Negative Affect) and Antagonism, and greater perfectionism traits compared to heterosexual individuals. Conclusion These findings underline the necessity to consider the implementation of personalized interventions in clinical practice and the importance of initiating early preventive programs in sexual minority communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Loren Angelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Greta Brullo
- Miller Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Piroddi
- Miller Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Viti
- Miller Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Psychology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese AOUS, Siena, Italy
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13
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Jakobek V, Kranjčev M, Barić R. Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in kinesiology students. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1322553. [PMID: 38379844 PMCID: PMC10878395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1322553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This research aimed to examine predictors of discrepancies between actual and ideal body images, specifically body fat and muscularity discrepancies, in kinesiology students. Methods Volunteer participants (N = 174, men = 112, women = 62) filled out the sex-specific Somatomorphic Matrices (NSM-M and SM-F) as well as The Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) using paper and pencil tools. Results The median and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine sex differences, and regression analyses were used to determine the contribution of sex, perfectionism, self-esteem, and eating attitudes in explaining the variances in body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction. The results showed no sex differences in body fat discrepancy, while men showed more discrepancy between actual and ideal muscularity than women. In regression analyses, sex was the only significant predictor of muscularity discrepancy, while disordered eating attitudes were a positive, and positive perfectionism was a negative predictor of body fat discrepancy. Discussion This study showed that while muscularity dissatisfaction is linked to the male sex, body fat dissatisfaction is not related to sex but to psychological variables of disordered eating attitudes and positive perfectionism in a population of youths that may be above average when it comes to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Jakobek
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Renata Barić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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McKechnie V, Oliver N, Amiel SA, Fox JRE. Hyperglycaemia aversion in type 1 diabetes: A grounded theory study. Br J Health Psychol 2024; 29:254-271. [PMID: 37806779 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very little is known about the circumstances under which hyperglycaemia aversion develops and is maintained. The present study aimed to identify psychological factors involved in the process of hyperglycaemia aversion and to understand how it affects people's self-management of type 1 diabetes. DESIGN Qualitative, in-depth interviews were used. METHODS A constructivist grounded theory study, using semi-structured participant interviews, was undertaken to build a theoretical model of the process of hyperglycaemia aversion. RESULTS Eighteen participants were interviewed. Fifteen were considered hyperglycaemia averse and included in the analysis. A theoretical model was developed to describe and explain processes involved in hyperglycaemia aversion. Many participants held very high standards for themselves and often had a strong preference for control. While some participants described anxiety associated with higher blood glucose, the most proximal driver of their approach was self-criticism and frustration associated with not meeting their own high standards for blood glucose. A number of attentional processes and beliefs, mostly related to hypoglycaemia, maintained and reinforced their blood glucose preference. Diabetes technology served as an enabler, raiser of standards, and additional critical judge of participants' hyperglycaemia aversion. CONCLUSIONS The trans-diagnostic concept of emotional over-control is used to understand the proposed model of processes of hyperglycaemia aversion. The present study offers new insight which will aid clinicians in identifying and supporting those who may be at risk of psychological distress and harm associated with a preference for avoidance of higher blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky McKechnie
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology and Neuropsychology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Oliver
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John R E Fox
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Shayesteh A, Boman J, Nylander E. Impostor phenomenon is a common feature among individuals with primary hyperhidrosis. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231220828. [PMID: 38283646 PMCID: PMC10822058 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231220828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary hyperhidrosis consists of excessive focal sweating. Affected individuals camouflage the sweating on their body, avoiding stigmatisation. Hence, misrepresentation in social interactions is a common feature in patients with hyperhidrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate impostor phenomenon, perfectionism, self-compassion, stress and anxiety among individuals with primary hyperhidrosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at our clinic among 100 participants with axillary and palmar primary hyperhidrosis. The questionnaire contained a hyperhidrosis part and Perceived Stress Scale-4, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-2, Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire-6, Self-Compassion Scale Short form and Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale. Descriptive statistics was used for analyses of categorical variables. As data were normally distributed independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test were used to compare the mean values for the questionnaires with other variables. Pearson's correlation was used, and a forward multiple linear regression model was performed to predict presence of impostor phenomenon with gender, age and other scales in this study. Results Impostor phenomenon occurred in almost half of our patients (48%) with hyperhidrosis. While feelings of impostor phenomenon were more common in women, there was no difference between gender regarding its intensity levels (p = 0.07). In addition, we found a significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation between impostor phenomenon and self-compassion, while feelings of impostoer phenomenon increased with stress, anxiety and perfectionism (p < 0.001). Conclusions Feelings of impostor phenomenon was found in 48% of individuals with hyperhidrosis which indicates that it is a common feature in this patient group. Future research is warranted regarding the prevalence of impostor phenomenon in hyperhidrosis and other medical conditions, among men and women, seeking medical healthcare. Psychological interventions in hyperhidrosis may be beneficial both for the individual and in public health, by facilitating management of patients' daily lives and saving considerable resources in healthcare regarding pharmacological interventions and medical consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shayesteh
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jens Boman
- Department of Clinical Science, Professional Development, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Nylander
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Dobos B, Mellor D, Piko BF. Exploring fear of happiness among university students: The role of perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness. Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38258953 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to its impact on mental health and well-being, fear of happiness is beginning to receive more attention in research. This study, conducted in Hungary, explored the relationship between fear of happiness, perfectionism, loneliness, hopelessness, and academic burnout. Participants aged between 18 and 35 years (N = 1,148, M = 22 years, SD = 4.5) completed an online questionnaire that included self-report measures of these constructs. In the present study, males showed higher levels of fear of happiness and perfectionism than did females. Analyses also revealed that both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness were positively related to fear of happiness. In multiple regression analysis, gender had a positive and age had a negative role in the levels of fear of happiness. Maladaptive perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness were positive predictors, while adaptive perfectionism almost reached statistical significance. These findings highlight the predictive role of previously unexplored variables in fear of happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Dobos
- Doctoral School of Education, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bettina F Piko
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Matsunaga M, Okajima J, Furutani K, Kusakabe N, Nakamura-Taira N. Associations of rumination, behavioral activation, and perceived reward with mothers' postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295988. [PMID: 38317767 PMCID: PMC10838984 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased social isolation for mothers, and rumination exacerbates postpartum depression in mothers with poor social support. Although behavioral activation can help to decrease their depressive symptoms, the mechanism by which behavioral activation reduces postpartum depression remains unclear. Methods We examined the effects of rumination and behavioral activation on depression in postpartum women by examining a model mediated by subjective reward perception. A questionnaire was administered to 475 postpartum women (Age: Mean = 30.74 years, SD = 5.02) within 1 year of childbirth using an Internet survey. The measurements included perinatal depression, rumination, and behavioral activation, and we assessed environmental reward. To control for confounding variables, we assessed psychiatric history, social support, parenting perfectionism, and COVID-19 avoidance. Results Eighty-four (17.68%) mothers had possible postpartum depression. The covariance structure analysis showed that not only was there a direct positive path from rumination to postnatal depression but also a negative path via reward perception. Discussion This finding indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic could have increased depression in many of the mothers. Rumination not only directly relates to postpartum depression, but it could also indirectly relate to postpartum depression by decreasing exposure to positive reinforcers. In addition, having a history of psychiatric illness increases the effect of rumination on postpartum depression. These findings suggest that psychological interventions are needed to reduce rumination and increase contact with positive reinforcements to reduce postpartum depression, especially for high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Matsunaga
- Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Japan
| | - Junko Okajima
- Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kusakabe
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Culture and Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Japan
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18
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Martínez IR, Catalá-Pizarro M, Moreno JR. Association between perfectionism, personality traits and probable sleep bruxism in Spanish schoolchildren: A case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38200627 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of Sleep bruxism includes specific personality traits, related to perfectionism. AIM To investigate the relationship between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and personality traits in children and their parents, determining whether children with PSB and their parents are more perfectionists. DESIGN This case-control study included 104 children aged 8-9 years, 52 cases and 52 controls. A clinical examination was performed on the children who completed the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFQ-NA) and the Child Perfectionism Inventory. Parents completed a bruxism diagnostic questionnaire according to the AASM criteria, BFQ and Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale questionnaires. t-Tests for independent samples and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A significant relationship between PSB and a self-demanding personality (OR = 1.11, p = .01), restless sleep (OR = 4.41, p = .004), and a family history of clenching and grinding teeth (OR = 3.07, p = .0006) was found in a binary logistic regression model. When adjusted, only restless sleep showed a significant relationship with PSB (p = .03, OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.13-9.81). CONCLUSION Children whose parents reported as clenching or grinding their teeth while asleep in the previous 6 months, and who were found to have abnormal dental wear, had significantly more nightmares, sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness, family history of bruxism, and tended to be more perfectionist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Catalá-Pizarro
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Rojo Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Enomoto K, Sasaki J. Relationship between perfectionism, overactivity, pain severity, and pain interference in individuals with chronic pain: A cross-lagged panel model analysis. Scand J Pain 2024; 24:sjpain-2023-0087. [PMID: 38451487 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2023-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overactivity is a characteristic of individuals with chronic pain. Previous cross-sectional studies demonstrated a relationship between perfectionism and overactivity. Therefore, the present study used a longitudinal design to determine whether pain severity and pain interference were exacerbated by overactivity and whether overactivity was exacerbated by perfectionism. METHODS Participants with chronic pain were recruited using crowdsourcing. The participants completed the questionnaires at three time points: T1, T2, and T3 (September, October, and November 2021, respectively). The questionnaire assessed overactivity, perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, pain severity, and pain interference. We created cross-lagged panel models to examine the hypothesized relationships among pain, overactivity, and perfectionism. RESULTS After excluding ineligible participants and invalid response sets, we analyzed the questionnaires completed by 666 participants at T1, 560 at T2, and 554 at T3. The average duration of chronic pain at T1 was 36.35 ± 53.53 months. Perfectionistic strivings were partially linked to overactivity, and pain interference was partially related to overactivity. Contrary to our expectations, overactivity did not predict pain severity or pain interference. CONCLUSIONS The hypotheses that perfectionism exacerbates overactivity and that overactivity exacerbates pain severity and pain interference were not supported. These results may have been affected by the quality of the assessment of overactivity. Therefore, further research with a refined evaluation of overactivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoka Enomoto
- Pain Management Clinic, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Barlow IU, Lee E, Saling L. Orthorexia nervosa versus healthy orthorexia: Anxiety, perfectionism, and mindfulness as risk and preventative factors of distress. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:130-147. [PMID: 37670425 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthorexia nervosa is a recently conceptualised pathological entity presenting as an obsessive focus on healthy eating with associated psychosocial impairment. AIMS The present study investigated the differential associations between orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia with distress and impairment. MATERIALS & METHODS With a community sample (N = 268) multiple measures of orthorexia nervosa and health orthorexia were compared as explanatory variables in mediation structural equation modelling (SEM). Outcome variables assessed and investigated were psychological distress while demographic variables were controlled. The mediating roles of perfectionism and health anxiety on orthorexia nervosa were examined with further preventative mediation role of mindfulness on distress. RESULTS Distinctive to other eating disorders, gender showed no significant effects on orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia. Signalling measurement issues for this disorder, the different measures of orthorexia nervosa resulted in mixed findings regarding body mass index and age. Findings supported perfectionism and health anxiety as risk factors, as well as mindfulness acceptance as a preventative factor in both orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia. Orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia assessed by most measures, contrary to the expectations, had significant positive associations with psychological distress indicated by stress, anxiety, and depression. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The complexity in differentiating orthorexia nervosa from healthy orthorexia calls for further investigation. This research effort should serve to substantiate the status of orthorexia nervosa as a distinct clinical disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Uma Barlow
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eunro Lee
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Saling
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Hannah Lee J, Suh H. Perfectionism and alcohol-related problems: The role of procrastination. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:11-19. [PMID: 35044878 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2011734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College drinking is a significant individual and societal problem, and thus, identifying risk factors to alcohol-related problems has been an important line of inquiry. Adding to this rich literature, the current study examined whether perfectionism dimensions were associated with alcohol-related problems and whether a poor self-regulation process linked these associations. PARTICIPANTS A total of 410 university students completed measures pertaining to perfectionism, procrastination, and negative consequences of alcohol use. METHODS Parallel mediation models were tested. RESULTS There was support for an indirect effect in the association between perfectionistic concerns and alcohol-related problems through susceptibility to temptation but not through pure procrastination or irrational procrastination. Perfectionistic strivings dimension was not associated with alcohol-related problems and this relation was not mediated by any procrastination dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Building internal resources to better resist immediately gratifying yet long-run detrimental behavioral habits is important, especially so for highly self-critical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hannah Lee
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, Indiana, USA
| | - Hanna Suh
- Psychology and Child & Human Development Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
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22
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Dikmeer N, Ersöz Alan B, Foto Özdemir D. The role of mindfulness on the psychological aspects of anorexia nervosa. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:15-29. [PMID: 37667411 PMCID: PMC10748460 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231190675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation, perfectionism, and rumination are perpetuating factors in anorexia nervosa (AN). Mindfulness can be protective and therapeutic. We aimed to understand the relationship between these factors and mindfulness in AN. METHODS 20 adolescent girls in the acute phase of the AN, 16 in remission, and 40 in the control group were evaluated. RESULTS Mindfulness was lowest in the acute AN group. The difference in the acute AN group regarding body dissatisfaction, emotion dysregulation, perfectionism, and mindfulness disappeared after controlling for the effects of depression and anxiety. The predictors of disordered eating in the entire study population were body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms. Emotion regulation and perfectionism were the predictors of mindfulness in the acute AN group and the entire study population. When mindfulness decreased, concerns about body shape increased in both acute AN and remission groups, while dietary restriction and disordered eating behaviors increased only in the remission group. DISCUSSION Emotion regulation difficulties in acute AN could be related to depression and anxiety. Mindfulness interventions for emotion regulation could be used for depression during the acute phase while for perfectionism in remission. Early intervention for depression and body dissatisfaction seems protective, and mindfulness could be an appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcu Ersöz Alan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Foto Özdemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Samfira EM, Sava FA. The effectiveness of a rational-emotive intervention on teachers' unconditional self-acceptance, perfectionism, and pupil control ideology. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1240269. [PMID: 38155692 PMCID: PMC10753790 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1240269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) intervention on in-service teachers. Methods A quasi-experimental 2-group (intervention vs. control) × 3-time (pre, post-test, follow-up) design was applied to explore to what extent the REBT interventions help teachers increase their level of unconditional self-acceptance as the primary outcome and decrease their perfectionism tendencies and pupil control ideology as secondary outcomes. The sample consisted of 100 in-service teachers assigned to either the intervention group (n = 50) or the control group (n = 50). The experimental group received a 6-week intervention program. Every session was held weekly and lasted 90-120 min. The Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ), Pupil Control Ideology Scale (PCI), and Perfectionism Inventory Scale (PI) were used to collect data. This study used a mixed model ANOVA 2 × 3 for data analysis. Results The results indicated that in the experimental group, there was a statistically significant increase in unconditional self-acceptance level from pre-test to post-test, which remains significant at the 6-month follow-up. Likewise, there were no statistically significant differences in unconditional self-acceptance levels between the post-test and 6-month follow-up in the intervention group. Discussion These findings prove that REBT interventions are effective in increasing teachers' unconditional self-acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mirela Samfira
- Teacher Training Department, University of Life Sciences from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Alin Sava
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Tiego J, Trender W, Hellyer PJ, Grant JE, Hampshire A, Chamberlain SR. Measuring Compulsivity as a Self-Reported Multidimensional Transdiagnostic Construct: Large-Scale ( N = 182,000) Validation of the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale. Assessment 2023; 30:2433-2448. [PMID: 36680457 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221149083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Compulsivity has potential transdiagnostic relevance to a range of psychiatric disorders, but it has not been well-characterized and there are few existing measures available for measuring the construct across clinical and nonclinical samples that have been validated at large population scale. We aimed to characterize the multidimensional latent structure of self-reported compulsivity in a population-based sample of British children and adults (N = 182,145) using the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale (CHI-T). Exploratory structural equation modeling provided evidence for a correlated two-factor model consisting of (a) Perfectionism and (b) Reward Drive dimensions. Evidence was obtained for discriminant validity in relation to the big five personality dimensions and acceptable test-retest reliability. The CHI-T, here validated at extremely large scale, is suitable for use in studies seeking to understand the correlates and basis of compulsivity in clinical and nonclinical participants. We provide extensive normative data to facilitate interpretation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- University of Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, NHS, Southampton, UK
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25
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Andersson N, Abdiweli H, Boman J, Nylander E. Self-compassion, perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, stress and anxiety in patients with localized provoked vulvodynia. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 44:2229008. [PMID: 37402237 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2023.2229008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that psychological distress has a role in the symptomology of localized provoked vulvodynia. Therefore, psychosocial support has been presented as a valuable part of the treatment. However, little is known about which psychological variables that coincide with localized provoked vulvodynia. The purpose of this study was to identify qualities of psychological distress in patients with localized provoked vulvodynia. Patients with localized provoked vulvodynia were consecutively recruited to participate in this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, self-compassion, anxiety and perceived stress. A sample of 30 patients were included. Questionnaire results suggestive of perfectionism was seen in 63%, impostor phenomenon in 80%, low self-compassion in 27%, anxiety in 43% and perceived stress in 23% of the participants. The level of self-compassion was higher in patients in a committed relationship. The investigated qualities appear to be more common in patients with localized provoked vulvodynia than in comparable groups. Impostor phenomenon and perfectionism were particularly common, with more than half of the study population scoring above the cutoff for clinical significance. This motivates research to investigate if interventions targeting impostor phenomenon and perfectionism, may aid in the treatment of localized provoked vulvodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirina Andersson
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hamdi Abdiweli
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jens Boman
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Nylander
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Longo P, Bevione F, Amodeo L, Martini M, Panero M, Abbate-Daga G. Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: Associations with clinical picture and personality traits. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 37970961 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although many researchers addressed the topics, no consistent data are currently available regarding the relationship between perfectionism and personality traits in anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed to assess differences between high- and low-perfectionism groups of patients with AN and to identify which variables show the strongest association with perfectionism. A group of inpatients with AN (n = 193) was recruited and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires regarding eating-related and general psychopathology, perfectionism, and personality. On the basis of perfectionism scores, patients were divided into high- and low-perfectionism groups. High-perfectionist patients displayed higher eating-related and general psychopathology; higher depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament, and lower self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-esteem. Perfectionism was associated with the drive for thinness, cooperativeness, self-esteem and anxious temperament. On the basis of the two personality traits most strongly correlated with perfectionism (i.e., cooperativeness and anxious temperament), patients could be correctly assigned to the high- or low-perfectionism group by an algorithm. The study suggests that perfectionism in AN is related to eating psychopathology, especially of restrictive type, and personality features such as cooperativeness and anxious temperament. These findings confirm the important role of perfectionism in AN, not only concerning eating behaviour but personality as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Longo
- Eating disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bevione
- Eating disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Amodeo
- Eating disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Martini
- Eating disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Panero
- Eating disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Eating disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Koutra K, Mouatsou C, Psoma S. The Influence of Positive and Negative Aspects of Perfectionism on Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:932. [PMID: 37998679 PMCID: PMC10669294 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfectionism constitutes a multidimensional personality trait. According to the diathesis-stress model, perfectionism may predispose individuals to experience increased psychological distress during stressful periods. Since self-compassion is considered as a protective factor within the context of mental health difficulties, the primary objective of this study was to explore the mediating function of self-compassion in the relationship between positive (i.e., high standards and order) and negative (i.e., discrepancy) aspects of perfectionism and psychological distress among Greek emerging adults. The sample consisted of 410 university students (47.6% males and 52.4% females), with a mean age of 20.61 ± 1.88 years. The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were used to assess perfectionism, self-compassion, and psychological distress, respectively. The results indicated that self-compassion mediated the association between positive and negative aspects of perfectionism and different dimensions of psychological distress (i.e., somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression). Specifically, discrepancy and increased levels of high standards were related to lower levels of self-compassion, thus leading to greater endorsement of psychological distress. In contrast, order was associated with higher levels of self-compassion, thus leading to lower levels of psychological distress. The findings of the present study highlight that self-compassion is an overall important area to examine in nonclinical populations. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing individuals' self-acceptance and awareness of their perfectionistic tendencies, as well as compassion-focused therapy (CFT) in elevating self-compassion, mindfulness, and overall psychological well-being while reducing psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koutra
- Addiction Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymnon, Crete, Greece; (C.M.); (S.P.)
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Daniilidou A. Understanding the Relationship Between the Multidimensional Perfectionism and Self-Compassion in Adults: The Effect of Age. Eur J Psychol 2023; 19:371-386. [PMID: 38487315 PMCID: PMC10936142 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Literature suggests that perfectionism is associated to self-compassion. However, the multiple relationships between the types of perfectionism (adaptive, maladaptive and non-perfectionists) and the multidimensional construct of self-compassion have not been thoroughly examined. To this end, the present study aimed (a) to examine the relationships between the types of perfectionism and the self-compassion components in an adult sample and (b) to check the effect of age on the relationship between the perfectionistic types and the self-compassion components. Participants were 509 adults aged 18 to 65 years. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect the data. Results indicated that High Standards positively predicted all self-compassion components while Discrepancy positively predicted Self-judgment and Isolation and overidentification and negatively predicted Self-Kindness and mindfulness and Common humanity. In addition, it was found that adaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists reported higher levels on the positive components of self-compassion and lower levels on its negative components, compared to maladaptive perfectionists. With respect to age, participants in established (30-45 years) and middle (46-65 years) adulthood reported higher levels on the positive self-compassion components and lower levels on its negative components compared to young adults (18-29 years), while participants in emerging adulthood scored higher on both the dimensions of perfectionism (adaptive and maladaptive) compared to participants in established and middle adulthood. Finally, age moderated only the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and Isolation and overidentification. Future directions and implications are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Daniilidou
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Vahhab M, Latifi Z, Marvi M, Soltanizadeh M, Loyd A. Effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students. J Gen Psychol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37902233 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2275305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to focus on the variables that can empower mothers of single-parent students. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students. The statistical population included all divorced mothers of elementary school students within the 2020-21 academic year. Sampling was performed in two stages, the first of which was multistage cluster sampling, whereas the second stage was purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample (n = 40) was divided into two groups of 20 (control and experimental). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up. The experimental group was trained in the self-healing protocol for fourteen weekly 90-minute sessions. The repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS-26 was then used for data analysis. The mean ± SD of perfectionism in the self-healing and control groups in the posttest was 67.75 ± 11.84 and 106.05 ± 22.01. Moreover, in the posttest stage, the mean ± SD of frustration tolerance in the intervention and control groups was 78.60 ± 7.93 and 99.45 ± 9.36, respectively. According to findings, self-healing training significantly affected the components of perfectionism including personal standards, concern over mistakes, and parental criticism. It also had significant effects on the components of frustration tolerance including discomfort intolerance, emotional intolerance, and achievement made by single mothers of students. The results were stable over time. However, self-healing training had no significant effects on perfectionism entitlement and subscales of frustration tolerance including discipline and organization, doubt about actions, and parental expectations.
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Gyori D, Farkas BF, Komaromy D, Horvath LO, Kollarovics N, Garas P, Balazs J. The Association between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Perfectionism in Adolescence: The Role of Mental Disorders. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2299-2327. [PMID: 37998053 PMCID: PMC10670610 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence has drawn attention to the fact that maladaptive perfectionism is a risk factor for engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Until now, few studies have examined this topic, especially among community adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and NSSI functions to examine the potential mediating effect of mental disorders. Altogether, 146 Hungarian community adolescents (ages 13-18 years) were involved. All participants completed the Hungarian adaptation of the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid. To analyse the interrelationships among NSSI, perfectionism, and mental disorders, we conducted regression and network analysis. Of the 146 adolescents, 90 (61.64%, girls: 71.11%) engaged in NSSI. The Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Action scales of the FMPS significantly and positively predicted both NSSI intrapersonal and interpersonal motivation, with comparable effect sizes, and this association was fully mediated by anxiety disorders. There was a significant direct negative relationship between the FMPS Organisation dimension and both main NSSI functions. This study draws attention to an increasing trend and the extremely high NSSI prevalence rate among community adolescents. Adolescents with perfectionistic concerns are at heightened risk for anxiety disorders, which can increase their vulnerability to NSSI engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Gyori
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (L.O.H.)
| | - Bernadett Frida Farkas
- Mental Health Sciences Doctoral School, Semmelweis University Doctoral School, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.F.F.); (N.K.); (P.G.)
| | - Daniel Komaromy
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (L.O.H.)
- Department of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Olga Horvath
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (L.O.H.)
- Pedagogical Services, 1141 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Kollarovics
- Mental Health Sciences Doctoral School, Semmelweis University Doctoral School, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.F.F.); (N.K.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Garas
- Mental Health Sciences Doctoral School, Semmelweis University Doctoral School, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.F.F.); (N.K.); (P.G.)
| | - Judit Balazs
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (L.O.H.)
- Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Schittek A, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M. Does Parenting Perfectionism Ironically Increase Violent Behaviors from Parent towards Children? Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1704. [PMID: 37892367 PMCID: PMC10605908 DOI: 10.3390/children10101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has shown that perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC) in the parenting domain are associated with an increase in parental burnout (PB), and that PB causally increases violence towards one's offspring. One may therefore wonder whether parenting perfectionism may ironically increase violence towards one's offspring. OBJECTIVE To the best of our knowledge, no study has ever investigated whether perfectionism (PS and PC) predicts violence towards one's offspring, or whether PB could explain this link. In the current pre-registered cross-lagged study, we hypothesized that an increase in PS and PC would lead to an increase in violence via an increase in PB. METHOD 228 participants responded to a longitudinal online survey, with three measurement occasions spaced 2 months apart. RESULTS Contrary to expectations, cross-lagged path models revealed that violence towards the offspring prospectively predicted an increase in PS and PC. Mediation models showed that PB was not a significant mediator. Results of all models did not change when controlling for social desirability. CONCLUSION The present study shows that violence towards the offspring increases the risk of PS and PC in parents. Results are discussed in light of the feeling of guilt experienced by parents. IMPLICATIONS Current worries that parenting perfectionism may paradoxically increase violence appear to be unwarranted at this stage. Moreover, correlation is not causation; thus, emphasizing caution before coming to clinically and societally relevant conclusions in cross-sectional studies. Thus, the PB and child maltreatment literature should slowly shift to using more longitudinal and causal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moira Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Akkuş K, Vardar M, Tunçel A, Tekinsav Sütcü S. Examining the Relationship Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Social Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231206352. [PMID: 37850577 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231206352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety symptoms, but the mechanisms between these concepts are not well-defined yet. This study focused on the mediator role of self-compassion in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and social anxiety symptoms controlling self-esteem. It is hypothesized that maladaptive perfectionism would be related to lower levels of self-compassion and lower levels of self-compassion related to greater social anxiety symptoms controlling self-esteem. The sample consisted of 389 university students who completed a battery of instruments, including measures of The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), The Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS), The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Simple mediation analyses with bootstrapping demonstrated that self-compassion has a significant mediator role in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and social anxiety when self-esteem is not included in the model. However, results also revealed that the indirect effect of self-compassion is no longer significant when self-esteem is included in the model as a covariate. Findings suggest that self-compassion has no mediator role independent from self-esteem in the context of perfectionism and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Akkuş
- Department of Psychology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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Li L, Jing L, Liu Y, Tang Y, Wang H, Yang J. Association of Mindfulness with Perfectionism, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Competitive State Anxiety in Injured Athletes Returning to Sports. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2703. [PMID: 37893777 PMCID: PMC10606558 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Injured athletes often face performance challenges upon returning to the field, influenced by external factors and negative emotions. This study investigates how mindfulness is associated with perfectionism, exercise self-efficacy, and competitive state anxiety in athletes recovering from injuries. Using snowball sampling and convenience sampling methods with a cross-sectional dataset of 359 participants from southern China (collected between October and November 2022), we employed structural equation modelling to analyse the relationship between mindfulness and competitive state anxiety in returning athletes. The results reveal that mindfulness interventions enhance exercise self-efficacy, boost task-related confidence, reshape perfectionism towards a positive outlook, and decrease competitive state anxiety. This study establishes positive correlations between perfectionism and competitive state anxiety, and a negative correlation between exercise self-efficacy and competitive state anxiety. Moreover, exercise self-efficacy and perfectionism partially mediate mindfulness's positive impact on competitive state anxiety. In conclusion, this research highlights mindfulness's potential to alleviate perfectionism and competitive state anxiety while enhancing exercise self-efficacy among athletes on the road to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Longjun Jing
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- China Athletics College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK
| | - Yiwei Tang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Toh WL, Lam S, Mangano M, Rossell SL. Multidimensional Perfectionism and Facial Symmetry, Attractiveness and Approachability: Comparing Those With High Versus Low Dysmorphic Concerns. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231205274. [PMID: 37788829 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231205274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Concerns pertaining to one's physical appearance or specific body parts is not uncommon in the community. Whether such dissatisfaction is related to superior (or inferior) face perception abilities, or interacts with related constructs, such as perfectionism, is unknown. The current study aimed to investigate whether multidimensional perfectionism (e.g. involving concern over mistakes or doubts over actions) and facial ratings differed in those with high versus low dysmorphic concerns (i.e. excessive preoccupation about perceived physical flaws). Respondents (N = 343) from the community took part in an online study, comprising questionnaires assessing dysmorphic concerns and perfectionism. They also completed a face perception task involving symmetry, attractiveness and approachability ratings for a series of faces, some of which had been digitally manipulated to yield differing degrees of symmetry. Respondents were divided into those with high (n = 147) versus low (n = 196) dysmorphic concerns. Group comparisons using analyses of variance were conducted. Those with high dysmorphic concerns exhibited significantly elevated overall perfectionism (as well as on facets involving concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental perceptions and doubts over actions). No significant group differences were uncovered for the face perception task, involving ratings of symmetry, attractiveness and approachability. Perfectionism differences existed in a non-clinical sample with high dysmorphic concerns, though further work is needed to elucidate consistent patterns regarding perfectionism facets. More research examining face perception deficits on the clinical end of the body image spectrum, such as in those with body dysmorphic disorder, as well as utilising alternate task versions involving self-referential stimuli, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin Toh
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy Lam
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine Mangano
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Huang H, Ding Y, Liang Y, Wan X, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Kong D, Chen C. The association between perfectionism and academic procrastination among undergraduate nursing students: The role of self-efficacy and resilience. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6758-6768. [PMID: 37464544 PMCID: PMC10495727 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the associations between perfectionism and undergraduate nursing students' academic procrastination, the mediating effects of self-efficacy and the moderating role of resilience. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. METHODS The survey was conducted from March to May 2022 with a sample of 587 undergraduate nursing students in two undergraduate universities in China. A descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and the Hayes' PROCESS Macro model 4 and 14 were used to analyse the available data. RESULTS Adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism negatively and positively predicted academic procrastination in nursing undergraduates, respectively. Self-efficacy played a partially mediating role in the association between adaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination. Furthermore, resilience played a moderating role in the association between adaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination. CONCLUSIONS Maladaptive perfectionism and low levels of resilience and self-efficacy may increase the risk of academic procrastination among nursing undergraduates. Nursing educators can take measures to decrease the risk of academic procrastination among nursing undergraduate students by guiding them to cultivate adaptive perfectionism tendencies and improve their self-efficacy and resilience. IMPACT The findings of this study can be used to develop targeted coping and prevention measures for nursing educators to reduce the incidence of academic procrastination among nursing undergraduates. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Five hundred eighty-seven undergraduate nursing students from two undergraduate universities participated in the study and responded to questions on perfectionism and academic procrastination, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Huang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yueming Ding
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yipei Liang
- School of BusinessHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Xiao Wan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Deren Kong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
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Sheveleva MS, Permyakova TM, Kornienko DS. Perfectionism, the Impostor Phenomenon, Self-Esteem, and Personality Traits among Russian College Students. Psychol Russ 2023; 16:132-148. [PMID: 38024563 PMCID: PMC10659233 DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon (IP) have mainly been studied in American samples, as have the associations of Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon with Self-Esteem and the Big Five personality traits. However, previous studies showed that results might depend on cultural background. There is a critical lack of such research in the Russian context which might limit generalization of the previous findings to a narrow range of cultures. Objective In this study, the authors investigated how Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon are related to the 5-factor model of personality, and examined the mediating role of Self-esteem between the dimensions of Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon, using a Russian sample. Design The study sample comprised 372 undergraduate students age 18-23 (M = 19.07, SD = 1.05). The Impostor Phenomenon, Personality Traits, and Self-Esteem were measured by relevant questionnaires. Results The results indicated that Adaptive Perfectionism had a strong positive correlation with Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Maladaptive Perfectionism had a strong relation to Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. Neuroticism demonstrated a strong positive correlation with impostor tendencies and was the main predictor. Self-esteem partially mediated the link between Maladaptive Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon, intensifying negative feelings and Impostorism. Conclusion These results generally replicated the pattern from previous studies of the relationship between Perfectionism, the Big Five personality traits, Self-esteem, and the Impostor Phenomenon. Thus, it could be possible to conclude that the studied relationships might be regarded as universal for the Russian students in terms of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Sheveleva
- Department of Foreign Languages, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Perm, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Permyakova
- Department of Foreign Languages, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Perm, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S. Kornienko
- Institute for Social Sciences Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy & Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
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Maftei A, Opariuc-Dan C. Perfect people, happier lives? When the quest for perfection compromises happiness: the roles played by substance use and internet addiction. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1234164. [PMID: 37841705 PMCID: PMC10568026 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1234164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Building on the Conservation of Resources Theory and the Stress-Coping Model, the present study explored the relationship between perfectionism (rigid, self-critical, narcissistic) and subjective happiness among youth. In this relationship, we also examined the mediating roles of substance use (i.e., drinking and smoking) and Internet addiction symptoms. Our sample comprised 431 Romanian university students aged 18-25 (M = 20.50, SD = 1.58), and most of them were females (79.81%, self-reported gender). Participants completed self-reported anonymous scales through a web-based survey at the beginning of 2023. Correlation analysis results indicated that all forms of perfectionism were associated with Internet addiction symptoms. Self-critical and narcissistic perfectionism and drinking, smoking, and Internet addiction symptoms were negatively associated with subjective happiness. Path analysis suggested that health-risk behaviors completely mediated the effect of perfectionism on subjective happiness. High levels of perfectionism were associated with high levels of health-risk behaviors, and high levels of addictive behaviors were associated with low levels of subjective happiness. We discuss the present findings considering their practical use regarding students' subjective happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maftei
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
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Lăzărescu GM, Vintilă M. The relationship between personality traits and willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery in the non-clinical population - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1241952. [PMID: 37744591 PMCID: PMC10514507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1241952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize previously obtained results regarding the relationship between interest in cosmetic surgery and personality traits. Methodology A series of criteria were applied (at the level of design, independent variables, dependent variable, participants) in order to decide which existing studies could be considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analytic procedure. The identification of research that met the eligibility criteria was carried out with the help of the electronic search function in the following databases: ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, and PubMed. Following this approach left 13 studies that were then subjected to the final analysis and included in the meta-analysis. Results The researchers' expectations were partially supported by the results of the analyses, thus demonstrating the existence of a significant relationship between perfectionism (socially prescribed perfectionism; perfectionistic self-promotion), appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and interest in pursuing esthetic surgery. Discussions Identifying these relationships will allow cosmetic surgeons to understand both the mechanisms underlying this decision and the need for psychological assessment/counseling before patients undergo such procedures. It will also allow psychologists to develop best practice guidelines for how they relate to the patient before they perform cosmetic surgery. At the same time, psychotherapists will be able to devise targeted and personalized interventions for each personality profile, so that the decision to undergo an esthetic operation is not made based on a dispositional trait (fear of rejection, stress caused by body dissatisfaction).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Vintilă
- Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Bostock C. Hyper-doing? Hyper-don't. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:201-202. [PMID: 37519184 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231189297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
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Fresán A, Robles-García R, Yoldi-Negrete M, Guízar-Sánchez D, Tovilla-Zárate CA. To the bone: Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among orthopedic residents in Mexico. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023:912174231199216. [PMID: 37653426 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231199216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined among orthopedic residents the relationship between the presence of depressive or anxious symptoms and the degree of perfectionism, perceived work-related distress, and involvement in the care of patient(s) who died. METHOD A cross-sectional online survey based on self-reported measures was used to collect the data from October 2019 to April 2021. RESULTS The sample consisted of 642 orthopedic residents (50.6% response rate; 70.9% male; average age 29.8 years old). A total of 12.5 and 18.4% reported depressive or anxious symptoms, respectively. On a scale of 0-100, the mean score of perceived work-related distress was 51.9. A third (33.6%) reported being involved in the care of patient(s) who had died. Higher levels of perceived work-related distress and higher scores on the indecision of action/perfectionism dimension were associated with depressive and anxious symptoms. Being involved in the care of patient(s) who had died was associated with having anxious symptoms (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.18-2.72). CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the need for the systematic monitoring of the mental health status of orthopedic residents in Mexico, particularly those who report a high level of work-related distress or perfectionism or who have recently experienced the death of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fresán
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Robles-García
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - María Yoldi-Negrete
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Diana Guízar-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Gupta M, Jassi A, Krebs G. The association between social media use and body dysmorphic symptoms in young people. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1231801. [PMID: 37663365 PMCID: PMC10471190 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1231801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social media use (SMU) is highly prevalent amongst young people and previous research suggests an association with mental health problems, including poor body image. However, the potential relationship between SMU and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has received little attention. Furthermore, little is known about the factors that moderate the potential association between SMU and body dysmorphic symptoms. The current study tested the associations between three facets of SMU and body dysmorphic symptoms and explored perfectionism as a moderator in a non-clinical sample. Method Two-hundred and nine 16-18-year-olds (mean age = 16.5 years, 37% male) recruited from schools in London completed an online survey measuring aspects of SMU, including: frequency of image-and text-based SMU; motivations for SMU (appearance, popularity, connection or values and interests); and active and passive SMU. Participants additionally completed validated measures of body dysmorphic symptoms, perfectionism, and anxiety/depressive symptoms. Linear regression models tested the association of body dysmorphic symptoms with different facets of SMU, with and without adjustment for age, sex and anxiety/depressive symptoms. Results Frequency of use of image-based, but not text-based, platforms was significantly and positively associated with body dysmorphic symptoms, and this association remained significant in the adjusted models. Appearance-based motivation for SMU was the only motivator uniquely associated with body dysmorphic symptoms across the unadjusted and adjusted models. Passive, not active, SMU was associated with body dysmorphic symptoms in unadjusted models, but this association became non-significant in the adjusted models. Self-oriented perfectionism moderated the association between frequency of image-based SMU and body dysmorphic symptoms. Discussion Image-based SMU, and appearance-based motivations for SMU, are positively associated with body dysmorphic symptoms. Self-oriented perfectionism may amplify the relationship between SMU and body dysmorphic symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of a nuanced approach to examining SMU, and the need for further research to determine whether specific facets of SMU contribute to the development and/or maintenance of body dysmorphic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National and Specialist OCD and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amita Jassi
- National and Specialist OCD and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Krebs
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Renaud C, Lacroix A. Neuroticism, perfectionism, and emotion suppression in burnout: Implications for cognitive functioning. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37572420 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2244623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between burnout and cognitive functions, particularly memory, attention, and executive functions, which have been found to be negatively affected in most studies. However, the results are not consistent across studies, and there is often a discrepancy between self-reported cognitive function and objective assessment. Two possible explanations for this discrepancy are the heterogeneous profiles of individuals in burnout and their personality traits. The study administered neuropsychological tests and questionnaires to 29 participants with clinical burnout to assess their cognitive functions and the impact of perfectionism, neuroticism, and emotion suppression on subjective and objective cognitive scores. The main findings showed little or no deterioration in memory or executive functions, despite patients reporting severely impaired executive function. The study found that neuroticism and perfectionism were related to poorer self-reported executive function, while emotion suppression was related to better self-reported executive function. No relationship was found between personality traits and neuropsychological test scores, indicating a discrepancy between self-perception and objective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Renaud
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C), University of Rennes 2, Rennes, Bretagne, France
| | - Agnes Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C), University of Rennes 2, Rennes, Bretagne, France
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Visvalingam S, Magson NR, Newins AR, Norberg MM. Going it alone: Examining interpersonal sensitivity and hostility as mediators of the link between perfectionism and social disconnection. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 37519015 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfectionism is linked to a variety of mental health conditions in university students. The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model posits that perfectionistic individuals exhibit off-putting interpersonal behaviors (i.e., rejection sensitivity and hostility), which lead to social disconnection, and in turn contribute to psychological distress. Although several longitudinal studies have found that social disconnection mediates the link between perfectionistic traits and psychological distress, less is known about how perfectionism leads to social disconnection. The present study aimed to address this gap. METHODS A sample of 877 university students completed one survey a month for three consecutive months. RESULTS Our random-intercept cross-lagged panel model results showed significant positive associations between the random intercepts of socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism with rejection sensitivity, hostility, and loneliness, with stronger associations for socially prescribed perfectionism. In addition, the random intercept of other-oriented perfectionism showed positive associations with hostility but not rejection sensitivity or loneliness. Moreover, almost all cross-lagged paths were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that although perfectionistic traits may be associated with rejection sensitivity and hostility to varying degrees at the between-person level, these behaviors may not cause social disconnection at the within-person level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanara Visvalingam
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha R Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amie R Newins
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa M Norberg
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Novara C, Piasentin S, Mattioli S, Pardini S, Maggio E. Perfectionism or Perfectionisms in Orthorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2023; 15:3289. [PMID: 37571233 PMCID: PMC10421058 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Perfectionism is considered a transdiagnostic construct that characterises eating disorders (EDs) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and that could also depict orthorexia nervosa (ON). The principal aim of this study was to investigate what dimensions of perfectionism mostly represent ON. Moreover, it was evaluated if dieting impacted the presence of orthorexic features and perfectionistic behaviour. Methods: The sample consisted of two groups-the "Diet" (n = 93), and the "No Diet" (n = 94) groups-composed of people with high and low orthorexic tendencies, respectively. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires to investigate orthorexic tendencies and different facets of perfectionism. Results: Analyses highlighted that people with high orthorexic tendencies showed higher perfectionistic features and that ON had a significant relationship with different facets of perfectionism. No interactions with diet were found. Therefore, no other differences were highlighted when the group type (Diet/No Diet) was considered. Conclusions: Regardless of diet, different facets of perfectionism characterise ON: perfectionism as a personality trait and perfectionism related to EDs and to obsessive-compulsive features. Our results evidenced that perfectionism could also be considered a useful construct in the conceptualization of orthorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Novara
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Liu L, Wang W, Lian Y, Wu X, Li C, Qiao Z. Longitudinal Impact of Perfectionism on Suicidal Ideation among Chinese College Students with Perceived Academic Failure: The Roles of Rumination and Depression. Arch Suicide Res 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37470419 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2237088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide has become a nonnegligible cause of death among emerging adults, and academic performance is one of the most significant factors in Chinese college students' suicidal ideation. Based on this, we examined the risk and protective sides of perfectionism on suicidal ideation among college students with perceived academic failure experiences. METHOD In the current study, a total of 674 Chinese college students (63.6% females, Mage = 19.96, SD = 1.31) with perceived academic failure in the past six months participated in a survey and completed self-report measures assessing perfectionism, rumination, depression, and suicidal ideation twice with a six-month interval. RESULTS Negative perfectionism was a risk factor for suicidal ideation, while positive perfectionism had an opposite effect. In addition, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and depression serially mediated the association between positive/negative perfectionism and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION The results indicated perfectionism has both positive and negative sides to suicidal ideation. Clinicians might be aware of the risk and protective components of perfectionism when intervening with suicidal ideation among college students with perceived academic failure experiences.
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Ellinas EH, Ark TK, Ferguson CC, Zhang B. The Almost Perfect Scale in medical students: factor analysis, measurement invariance, and profile analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1188187. [PMID: 37519395 PMCID: PMC10381026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1188187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Incoming medical students at a private midwestern medical school are routinely surveyed at the time of matriculation on wellness measures, one of which is the Almost Perfect Scale - Revised (APS-R). An 8-item subset of this 23-item scale has been suggested as an alternative perfectionism measure, called the Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS). To confirm the within-network and between-network construct validity of both scales in our population, responses in 592 matriculating medical students from the years 2020-2022 were analyzed using both versions of this scale. Confirmatory factor analysis found the items significantly measured the construct of perfectionism in the SAPS scale, but not the APS-R. The APS-R was not analyzed further. SAPS was analyzed for measurement invariance (MI) and was equivocal for gender at the scalar level; differential item functioning indicated that any MI effect was small. Latent profile analysis was inconclusive in our sample, possibly because our students' scores on the latent variable "standards" were consistently higher than previously reported. We recommend that the SAPS be used rather than the APS in medical students, that gender differences be analyzed with caution, and that profiles of types of perfectionists not be utilized in this population without further investigation. Finally, we suggest that the discrepancy scale alone may be a better indicator of perfectionism in this population of high achievers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Ellinas
- Data Science Lab, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education, Center for the Advancement of Women in Science and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tavinder K. Ark
- Data Science Lab, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Catherine C. Ferguson
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Kleinhendler-Lustig D, Hamdan S, Mendlovic J, Gvion Y. Burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation among physicians before and during COVID-19 and the contribution of perfectionism to physicians' suicidal risk. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211180. [PMID: 37520224 PMCID: PMC10374214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is limited data regarding the prevalence of suicidal risk among physicians during COVID-19, and the risk factors relating to it. Dominant risk factors for suicide among physicians are depression and burnout. Maladaptive perfectionism may also serve as a profound risk factor for suicidality among physicians and may aggravate symptoms of distress under the challenges of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate current suicidal risk, suicidal ideation, depression, and burnout before and during COVID-19 among physicians in Israel, and to identify the best sets of correlates between perfectionism and burnout, depression and suicidal ideation, during these time periods. Methods A sample of 246 Israeli physicians (160 before COVID-19 and 86 during COVID-19) completed online surveys assessing lifetime suicidal risk, suicidal ideation during the last year and current suicidal ideation, depression, burnout symptoms and maladaptive perfectionism. Results More than one-fifth of the sample (21.9%) reported high suicidal risk (Lifetime suicidal behaviors). More than one-fourth (27.2%) reported suicidal ideation during the last 12 months; and 13.4% reported suicidal ideation during the last 3 months. In addition, more than one-third (34.6%) exhibited moderate-severe levels of depressive symptoms and more than a half of the sample reported burnout symptoms. Maladaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with current suicidal ideation, burnout, and depression. Moderated serial mediation analysis demonstrated indirect effect of perfectionism on suicidal ideation by its impact on burnout and depression only during COVID-19. Before COVID-19, physicians were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Conclusion Physicians in Israel are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation, regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic. Maladaptive perfectionism was found to be a risk factor for burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation. During the first waves of the pandemic, physicians were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. However, among physicians who were characterized with high maladaptive perfectionism, depression served as a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation during the pandemic, which places these individuals at increased risk for suicidality. These results highlight the importance of implementing intervention programs among physicians to reduce suicidal risk and to better identify rigid perfectionism and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sami Hamdan
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Jaffa (MTA), Tel-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Joseph Mendlovic
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yari Gvion
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Hu P, Liang P, Liu X, Ouyang Y, Wang J. Parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in college students: the mediating role of perfectionism. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1126689. [PMID: 37484673 PMCID: PMC10360192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obsessive-compulsive symptoms is a common psychological phenomenon among early adulthood college students, which are closely related to their parents' parenting styles. Theoretical and some empirical studies have suggested the mediating role of perfectionism in this process, but this has not been confirmed, and the binary perspective of positive-negative perfectionism has not been addressed in this issue. Methods This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among college students. A total of 661 college students participated in this study. Results Negative perfectionism mediated the relationship between negative parenting style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among college students. Negative parenting style predicted obsessive-compulsive symptoms through its positive predictive effect on negative perfectionism. However, the mediating effect of positive perfectionism was not significant in this process. Discussion This study provides further evidence of the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and offers new ideas for interventions for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- School of Educational Sciences, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Ouyang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Ashraf MA, Sahar NE, Kamran M, Alam J. Impact of Self-Efficacy and Perfectionism on Academic Procrastination among University Students in Pakistan. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:537. [PMID: 37503984 PMCID: PMC10376137 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of self-efficacy and perfectionism on academic procrastination among university students and its differences among genders in Pakistan. It was hypothesized that self-efficacy and perfectionism would significantly impact academic procrastination and that there is a significant difference in students' views concerning their gender. The sample comprised 405 university students, 104 male and 301 female. The study used the general self-efficacy scale, the multidimensional perfectionism scale, and the academic procrastination scale to measure the constructs. SmartPLS 4 was applied for the analysis of the data. The results indicated that all three variables-self-efficacy, perfectionism, and academic procrastination-were present among university students. Perfectionism showed a significant effect on academic procrastination. However, self-efficacy showed no significant effect on academic procrastination. Further, no significant difference was found in students' views concerning their gender. The findings provide significant evidence for stakeholders to improve academic procrastination among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namood-E Sahar
- National Institute of Psychology, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Education, University of Loralai, Balochistan 85200, Pakistan
| | - Jan Alam
- Department of Education, University of Wah, Rawalpindi 47010, Pakistan
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Styk W, Zmorzynski S, Samardakiewicz M. Persistence Is Multi-Trait: Persistence Scale Development and Persistence Perseveration and Perfectionism Questionnaire into Polish Translation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:864. [PMID: 37371344 PMCID: PMC10296326 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistence is defined as, among other ways, the need to achieve the goals and strive for the goal. Persistence can also be considered from the perspective of the resource concept, as a positive factor related to an individual's adaptive behaviour, psychological resilience, and normal self-regulation. In contrast, tendencies behaviourally similar to perseverance, but which may have psychopathological features, are persistence and perfectionism. The main goal of our study was to: (I) Build non-clinical Persistence Scale (PS) in Polish and English; (II) translate in Polish and validate the Persistence, Perfectionism and Perseveration Questionnaire (PPPQ); (III) analyse properties of both scales. METHODS The study was conducted on a non-clinical group of 306 subjects. The mean age was 27.6 and ranged from 18 to 58 years. The properties of both scales were analysed using the NEO-FFI personality inventory, PSS-10 Perceived stress level scale, The UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale, the SPSRQ Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward scale, Grit scale and NAS-50 Self-Control Scale. RESULTS The psychometric features of the scales fulfil the requirements for psychometric tools. The factorial structure of both versions of the PS-20 scale proved to be unifactorial. Openness was the only variable to co-occur with the persistence scales of both the PS-20 and the PPPQ-10, and did not co-occur with scales intended to indicate psychopathology (Perseveration, Perfectionism). Negative correlations occurred with variables describing Persistence with levels of perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Impulsivity measured by the SUPPS scale also showed negative correlations with the study variables. CONCLUSIONS In the present work, we postulate that persistence is an umbrella construct that gathers and integrates many other traits to form a multi-trait persistence. Perseveration should be regarded as an undesirable trait characterising psychopathological behaviour. Desirable and indicative traits of an individual's good functioning are persistence and, to some extent, perfectionism. Individuals with low persistence and high perseveration may be characterised by a repertoire of psychopathological behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Styk
- Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Szymon Zmorzynski
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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