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Bostock C. On board against bias. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2024:14782715241248484. [PMID: 38641863 DOI: 10.1177/14782715241248484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
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Bostock C. Hospital at home: Opportunity knocks or opportunity costs? J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2024; 54:94-97. [PMID: 38433584 DOI: 10.1177/14782715241234082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
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Bostock C. Resuscitation resolutions. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:295-298. [PMID: 37936279 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231210016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
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Bostock C. Hyper-doing? Hyper-don't. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:201-202. [PMID: 37519184 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231189297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
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Bostock C. Should we be chasing the elusive morning discharge? J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:144-146. [PMID: 37264799 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231177169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Bostock C. A geriatrician's letter to Santa. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2022; 52:285-286. [PMID: 36533390 DOI: 10.1177/14782715221141335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Bostock C. What is the future of the international conference: Dead or alive? J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2022; 52:6-7. [DOI: 10.1177/14782715221104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bostock C. Falling into the trap of inappropriate language use. Age Ageing 2019; 49:149. [PMID: 31838510 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bostock
- Consultant Geriatrician, NHS Grampian, Acute Geriatric Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZN Aberdeen, UK
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Manson JC, Barron R, Jamieson E, Baybutt H, Tuzi N, McConnell I, Melton D, Hope J, Bostock C. A single amino acid alteration in murine PrP dramatically alters TSE incubation time. Arch Virol Suppl 2001:95-102. [PMID: 11214938 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6308-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate mutations linked to human TSEs, we have used the technique of gene targeting to introduce specific mutations into the endogenous murine PrP gene which resulted in a P101L substitution (Prnp(a101L)) in the murine PrP gene. This mutation is equivalent to the 102L mutation in the human PrP gene which is associated with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome. Since the mutated gene is in the correct chromosomal location and control of the mutant gene expression is identical to that of the wild type murine PrP gene, the precise effect of the 101L mutation in the uninfected and TSE infected mouse can be investigated in this transgenic model. Mice homozygous for this mutation (101LL) while showing no spontaneous TSE disease were more susceptible to TSE disease than wild type mice following inoculation with GSS infectivity. Disease was transmitted from these mice to mice both with and without the Prnp(a101L) allele. The 101L mutation does not therefore produce spontaneous genetic disease in mice but does dramatically alter incubation periods following TSE infection. Additionally, a rapid TSE transmission was demonstrated associated with extremely low amounts of PrP(Sc).
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Manson
- BBSRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Manson JC, Jamieson E, Baybutt H, Tuzi NL, Barron R, McConnell I, Somerville R, Ironside J, Will R, Sy MS, Melton DW, Hope J, Bostock C. A single amino acid alteration (101L) introduced into murine PrP dramatically alters incubation time of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. EMBO J 1999; 18:6855-64. [PMID: 10581259 PMCID: PMC1171748 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.23.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutation equivalent to P102L in the human PrP gene, associated with Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome (GSS), has been introduced into the murine PrP gene by gene targeting. Mice homozygous for this mutation (101LL) showed no spontaneous transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) disease, but had incubation times dramatically different from wild-type mice following inoculation with different TSE sources. Inoculation with GSS produced disease in 101LL mice in 288 days. Disease was transmitted from these mice to both wild-type (226 days) and 101LL mice (148 days). In contrast, 101LL mice infected with ME7 had prolonged incubation times (338 days) compared with wild-type mice (161 days). The 101L mutation does not, therefore, produce any spontaneous genetic disease in mice but significantly alters the incubation time of TSE infection. Additionally, a rapid TSE transmission was demonstrated despite extremely low levels of disease-associated PrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Manson
- BBSRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Ogston Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF.
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Battison J, Bostock C. Veterinarians and research. Vet Rec 1998; 143:540. [PMID: 9839369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Foster JD, Hunter N, Williams A, Mylne MJ, McKelvey WA, Hope J, Fraser H, Bostock C. Observations on the transmission of scrapie in experiments using embryo transfer. Vet Rec 1996; 138:559-62. [PMID: 8795182 DOI: 10.1136/vr.138.23.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This investigation studied the maternal transmission of scrapie in sheep by using embryo transfer to examine the viability of highly susceptible offspring derived from scrapie-affected and uninfected donors. The study also examined the effect of washing the embryos. Scrapie occurred in both washed and unwashed embryo-derived Sip sAsA progeny from both groups of donor ewes. As a result, the earlier observation that scrapie might pass via the unwashed embryo to develop as disease in adult sheep has to be reassessed. Several other implications of the work are considered, including the possibility that natural scrapie is not purely a genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Foster
- Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh
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Hunter N, Foster JD, Goldmann W, Stear MJ, Hope J, Bostock C. Natural scrapie in a closed flock of Cheviot sheep occurs only in specific PrP genotypes. Arch Virol 1996; 141:809-24. [PMID: 8678828 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural scrapie in a closed flock of South Country Cheviot sheep has resulted in 45 deaths between 1986 and 1995. Of these cases, 35 sheep have been analysed for disease-linked PrP gene polymorphisms and all encode valine at codon 136 on at least one allele with 77% homozygous (VV136) and 23% valine/alanine heterozygotes (VA136). Mean survival time was 907 and 1482 days for VV136 and VA136 scrapie affected animals respectively. VV136 animals were all at great risk of disease if allowed to live long enough. However scrapie occurred only in a specific subgroup of VA136 sheep, survival advantage depending on VA136 animals being heterozygous for other polymorphisms at codons 154 or 171. The flock history has been recorded in great detail since its foundation in 1960 however there was no strong evidence for simple maternal or paternal transmission of disease other than inheritance of PrP genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hunter
- Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC/MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh
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Romero CH, Barrett T, Kitching RP, Bostock C, Black DN. Protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with recombinant capripoxviruses expressing the fusion and haemagglutinin protein genes of rinderpest virus. Vaccine 1995; 13:36-40. [PMID: 7762275 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)80008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Goats were protected against a lethal challenge of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus following vaccination with a recombinant capripoxvirus containing either the fusion (F) gene of rinderpest virus or the haemagglutinin (H) gene of rinderpest virus. The H gene recombinant produced high titres of neutralizing antibody to rinderpest virus in the vaccinated goats, whereas the F gene recombinant failed to stimulate detectable levels of neutralizing antibody. A similar response to the two recombinant vaccines has previously been reported for cattle. Neither recombinant produced detectable levels of specific antibodies to PPR virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Romero
- BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK
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Romero CH, Barrett T, Evans SA, Kitching RP, Gershon PD, Bostock C, Black DN. Single capripoxvirus recombinant vaccine for the protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease. Vaccine 1993; 11:737-42. [PMID: 8342321 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant capripoxvirus has been constructed containing a full-length cDNA of the fusion protein gene of rinderpest virus. The gene was inserted in the thymidine kinase gene of the capripox genome under the control of the vaccinia virus major late promoter p11 together with the Escherichia coli gpt gene in the opposite orientation under the control of the vaccinia early/late promoter p7.5. A vaccine prepared from this recombinant virus protected cattle against clinical rinderpest after a lethal challenge with a virulent virus isolate. In addition, the vaccine protected the cattle against lumpy skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Romero
- AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK
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Stockinger H, Schmidtke J, Bostock C, Epplen JT. Human DNA sequences isolated with an immunoglobulin switch region probe: sequence, chromosomal localization, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Hum Genet 1986; 73:104-9. [PMID: 3013753 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have screened a human genomic DNA library with an immunoglobulin (Ig) derived switch (S) region specific probe for homologous sequences. Five Ig independent phage clones were isolated and characterized. The S sequence homologous DNA fragments are short compared to the S region sequences. Ig independent S sequences are flanked by highly repetitive DNA elements and perfect inverted repeats can be demonstrated in their close vicinity. Using subclones of S homologous sequences restriction fragment length polymorphisms were shown within DNA of different T cell leukemias, Burkitt lymphomas, lymphoblastoid cell lines, and DNA of healthy individuals. One of the five clones isolated with the S region probe was evidently localized to chromosome 2 and/or 10 and showed a complex hybridisation pattern with several different human DNAs. S homologous sequences of another clone are most likely localized on chromosome 1. It is possible that these Ig independent S sequences have arisen by amplification and transposition and that they are involved in genetic recombination.
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Lund E, Bostock C, Robertson M, Christie S, Mitchen JL, Dahlberg JE. U1 small nuclear RNA genes are located on human chromosome 1 and are expressed in mouse-human hybrid cells. Mol Cell Biol 1983; 3:2211-20. [PMID: 6197626 PMCID: PMC370092 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.3.12.2211-2220.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority, and perhaps all, of the genes for human U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 RNA) were shown to be located on the short arm of human chromosome 1. These genes were mapped by Southern blot analysis of DNA from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, using the 5' region of a human U1 RNA gene as a human-specific probe. This probe hybridized to DNA fragments present only in digests of total human DNA or to the DNAs of cell lines which contained human chromosome 1. The major families of human U1 RNA genes were identified, but some human genes may have gone undetected. Also, the presence of a few U1 RNA genes on human chromosome 19 could not be ruled out. In spite of the lack of extensive 5'-flanking-region homology between the human and mouse U1 RNA genes, the genes of both species were efficiently transcribed in the hybrid cells, and the U1 RNAs of both species were incorporated into specific ribonucleoprotein particles.
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Abstract
A panel of human-mouse and human-Chinese hamster cell hybrid DNA's was screened for hybridisation with a fragment of the human parathyroid hormone chromosomal gene. A 7-kilobasepair Msp I restriction fragment homologous to this probe was found to segregate with the human chromosome 11.
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