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Ferreira MM, Farias KS, Zugaib M, Alves AMM, Amaral GV, Santos MLDC, Freitas ADS, Santana BCG, dos Santos Júnior SL, Mora-Ocampo IY, Santos AS, da Silva MF, Andrade BS, Pirovani CP. TcSERPIN, an inhibitor that interacts with cocoa defense proteins and has biotechnological potential against human pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1337750. [PMID: 38348273 PMCID: PMC10859438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1337750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In plants, serpins are a superfamily of serine and cysteine protease inhibitors involved in stress and defense mechanisms, with potential for controlling agricultural pests, making them important biotechnological tools. The objective of this study was to characterize a serpin from Theobroma cacao, called TcSERPIN, to identify its endogenous targets and determine its function and biotechnological potential. TcSERPIN has 390 amino acid residues and shows conservation of the main active site, RCL. Cis-elements related to light, stress, hormones, anaerobic induction, cell cycle regulation and defense have been identified in the gene's regulatory region. TcSERPIN transcripts are accumulated in different tissues of Theobroma cacao. Furthermore, in plants infected with Moniliophtora perniciosa and Phytophthora palmivora, the expression of TcSERPIN was positively regulated. The protein spectrum, rTcSERPIN, reveals a typical β-sheet pattern and is thermostable at pH 8, but loses its structure with temperature increases above 66°C at pH 7. At the molar ratios of 0.65 and 0.49, rTcSERPIN inhibited 55 and 28% of the activity of papain from Carica papaya and trypsin from Sus scrofa, respectively. The protease trap containing immobilized rTcSERPIN captured endogenous defense proteins from cocoa extracts that are related to metabolic pathways, stress and defense. The evaluation of the biotechnological potential against geohelminth larvae showed that rTcSERPIN and rTcCYS4 (Theobroma cacao cystatin 4) reduced the movement of larvae after 24 hours. The results of this work show that TcSERPIN has ideal biochemical characteristics for biotechnological applications, as well as potential for studies of resistance to phytopathogens of agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Keilane Silva Farias
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Zugaib
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Akyla Maria Martins Alves
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Geiseane Velozo Amaral
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza do Carmo Santos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andria dos Santos Freitas
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Brenda Conceição Guimarães Santana
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Liberato dos Santos Júnior
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Irma Yuliana Mora-Ocampo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fernandes da Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Química Computacional (LBQC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Ramírez O, Pomareda F, Olivares B, Huang YL, Zavala G, Carrasco-Rojas J, Álvarez S, Leiva-Sabadini C, Hidalgo V, Romo P, Sánchez M, Vargas A, Martínez J, Aguayo S, Schuh CMAP. Aloe vera peel-derived nanovesicles display anti-inflammatory properties and prevent myofibroblast differentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155108. [PMID: 37844380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera (AV) is a medicinal plant, most known for its beneficial effects on a variety of skin conditions. Its known active compounds include carbohydrates and flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, among others. In the past decade, plant nanovesicles (NVs) have gained considerable interest as interkingdom communicators, presenting an opportunity for clinical standardization of natural products. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of AVpNVs for the treatment of burn wounds. METHODS AVpNVs were isolated and characterized regarding vesicle yield (nanoparticle tracking analysis) and structure (transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy), as well as their protein content with proteomics. We assessed key characteristics for treating burn wounds in vitro, such as the anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-stimulated macrophages and keratinocytes, and the effect of AVpNVs on myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. KEY FINDINGS AVpNVs presented a homogenous NV population, vesicular shape, and NV-associated protein markers. AVpNVs significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, AVpNVs inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and significantly decreased their contractile potential in collagen matrices. Observed effects were linked to proteins identified in the isolates through proteomics analysis. CONCLUSION AVpNVs displayed characteristics as an inflammatory modulator, while simultaneously diminishing myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. Novel strategies for burn wound treatment seek to decrease scarring on a cellular and molecular level in the early stages of wound healing, which makes AVpNVs a promising candidate for future plant-vesicle-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Ramírez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Florencia Pomareda
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Zavala
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Álvarez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Leiva-Sabadini
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Hidalgo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Romo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Sánchez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Vargas
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Martínez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Liu Z. Antioxidant activity of the thioredoxin system. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:26-32. [PMID: 37426202 PMCID: PMC10323771 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is composed of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TR) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Trx is an important antioxidant molecule that can resist cell death caused by various stresses and plays a prominent role in redox reactions. TR is a protein that contains selenium (selenocysteine), in three main forms, namely, TR1, TR2 and TR3. TR1, TR2 and TR3 are mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and testes, respectively. TR can regulate cell growth and apoptosis. After a cell becomes cancerous, the expression of TR is increased to promote cell growth and metastasis. The Trx system is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, parasitic infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, myocarditis, and so on. In addition, the Trx system can remove the reactive oxygen species in the body and keep the inside and outside of the cell in a balanced state. In summary, the Trx system is an important target for the drug treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Liu
- Department of blood transfusion school of second hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Tahmasebi A, Niazi A, Akrami S. Integration of meta-analysis, machine learning and systems biology approach for investigating the transcriptomic response to drought stress in Populus species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:847. [PMID: 36646724 PMCID: PMC9842770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Populus, drought is a major problem affecting plant growth and development which can be closely reflected by corresponding transcriptomic changes. Nevertheless, how these changes in Populus are not fully understood. Here, we first used meta-analysis and machine learning methods to identify water stress-responsive genes and then performed a systematic approach to discover important gene networks. Our analysis revealed that large transcriptional variations occur during drought stress. These changes were more associated with the response to stress, cellular catabolic process, metabolic pathways, and hormone-related genes. The differential gene coexpression analysis highlighted two acetyltransferase NATA1-like and putative cytochrome P450 genes that have a special contribution in response to drought stress. In particular, the findings showed that MYBs and MAPKs have a prominent role in the drought stress response that could be considered to improve the drought tolerance of Populus. We also suggest ARF2-like and PYL4-like genes as potential markers for use in breeding programs. This study provides a better understanding of how Populus responses to drought that could be useful for improving tolerance to stress in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tahmasebi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144165186, Iran.
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144165186, Iran.
| | - Sahar Akrami
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144165186, Iran
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Feng S, Ji HL, Wang H, Zhang B, Sterzenbach R, Pan C, Guo X. MetaLP: An integrative linear programming method for protein inference in metaproteomics. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010603. [PMID: 36269761 PMCID: PMC9629623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaproteomics based on high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) plays a crucial role in characterizing microbiome functions. The acquired MS/MS data is searched against a protein sequence database to identify peptides, which are then used to infer a list of proteins present in a metaproteome sample. While the problem of protein inference has been well-studied for proteomics of single organisms, it remains a major challenge for metaproteomics of complex microbial communities because of the large number of degenerate peptides shared among homologous proteins in different organisms. This challenge calls for improved discrimination of true protein identifications from false protein identifications given a set of unique and degenerate peptides identified in metaproteomics. MetaLP was developed here for protein inference in metaproteomics using an integrative linear programming method. Taxonomic abundance information extracted from metagenomics shotgun sequencing or 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, was incorporated as prior information in MetaLP. Benchmarking with mock, human gut, soil, and marine microbial communities demonstrated significantly higher numbers of protein identifications by MetaLP than ProteinLP, PeptideProphet, DeepPep, PIPQ, and Sipros Ensemble. In conclusion, MetaLP could substantially improve protein inference for complex metaproteomes by incorporating taxonomic abundance information in a linear programming model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Feng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, CHINA
| | - Bailu Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan Sterzenbach
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chongle Pan
- School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
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6
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Wang Z, Li H, Zhou W, Lee J, Liu Z, An Z, Xu D, Mo H, Hu L, Zhou X. Ferrous sulfate-loaded hydrogel cures Staphylococcus aureus infection via facilitating a ferroptosis-like bacterial cell death in a mouse keratitis model. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gilbert AK, Newton TD, Hettiaratchi MH, Pluth MD. Reactive sulfur and selenium species in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:148-157. [PMID: 35940516 PMCID: PMC9893879 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important modulators of physiological signaling and play important roles in bone tissue regulation. Both reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive selenium species (RSeS) are involved in ROS signaling, and recent work suggests RSS and RSeS involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis. For example, RSS can promote osteogenic differentiation and decrease osteoclast activity and differentiation, and the antioxidant activity of RSeS play crucial roles in balancing bone remodeling. Here, we outline current research progress on the application of RSS and RSeS in bone disease and regeneration. Focusing on these investigations, we highlight different methods, tools, and sources of RSS and RSeS, and we also highlight future opportunities for delivery of RSS and RSeS in biological environments relating to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie K Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States
| | - Turner D Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States.
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States.
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Gupta DN, Rani R, Kokane AD, Ghosh DK, Tomar S, Sharma AK. Characterization of a cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from Citrus sinensis and its potential role in protection from oxidative damage and wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1088-1099. [PMID: 35452700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In present work, the recombinant cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from Citrus sinensis (CsPrx) was purified and characterized. The peroxidase activity was examined with different substrates using DTT, a non-physiological electron donor. The conformational studies, in oxidized and reduced states, were performed using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence measurement. The CD analysis showed higher α-helical content for reduced state of the protein. The thermal stability studies of CsPrx by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that oxidized state is more stable as compared to the reduced state of CsPrx. In vitro studies showed that the CsPrx provides a protective shield against ROS and free radicals that participate in the degradation of plasmid DNA. The pre-treatment of 10 μM CsPrx provide almost 100% protection against peroxide-mediated cell killing in the Vero cells. CsPrx showed significant cell proliferation and wound healing properties. The superior morphology of viable cells and wound closure was found at 20 μM CsPrx treated for 12 h. The results demonstrated that CsPrx is a multifaceted protein with a significant role in cell proliferation, wound healing and protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular damage. This could be the first report of a plant peroxiredoxin being characterized for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Ruchi Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Amol D Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India.
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Allred DR. Integration of DNA Repair, Antigenic Variation, Cytoadhesion, and Chance in Babesia Survival: A Perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:869696. [PMID: 35493746 PMCID: PMC9047050 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites live in hostile environments in which they are challenged chemically and their hosts attempt in many ways to kill them. In response, the parasites have evolved multiple mechanisms that take advantage of these challenges to enhance their survival. Perhaps the most impressive example is the evolutionary co-option of DNA repair mechanisms by the parasites as a means to rapidly manipulate the structure, antigenicity, and expression of the products of specific multigene families. The purpose of variant proteins that mediate cytoadhesion has long been thought to be primarily the avoidance of splenic clearance. Based upon known biology, I present an alternative perspective in which it is survival of the oxidative environment within which Babesia spp. parasites live that has driven integration of DNA repair, antigenic variation, and cytoadhesion, and speculate on how genome organization affects that integration. This perspective has ramifications for the development of parasite control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Allred
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: David R. Allred,
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Mohd Afandi NS, Habib MAH, Ismail MN. Recent insights on gene expression studies on Hevea Brasiliensis fatal leaf fall diseases. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:471-484. [PMID: 35400887 PMCID: PMC8943083 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hevea brasiliensis is one of the most important agricultural commodities globally, heavily cultivated in Southeast Asia. Fatal leaf fall diseases cause aggressive leaf defoliation, linked to lower latex yield and death of crops before maturity. Due to the significant consequences of the disease to H. brasiliensis, the recent gene expression studies from four fall leaf diseases of H. brasiliensis were gathered; South American leaf blight, powdery mildew, Corynespora cassiicola and Phytophthora leaf fall disease. The differential analysis observed the pattern of commonly expressed genes upon fungi triggers using RT-PCR, DDRT-PCR, Real-time qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq. We have observed that RNA-Seq is the best tool to seek novel genes. Among the identified genes with defence-against fungi were pathogenesis-related genes such as β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase, the reactive oxygen species, and the phytoalexin biosynthesis. This manuscript also provided functional elaboration on the responsive genes and predicted possible biosynthetic pathways to identify and characterise novel genes in the future. At the end of the manuscript, the PCR methods and proteomic approaches were presented for future molecular and biochemical studies in the related diseases to H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafiqah Mohd Afandi
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Afiq Hazlami Habib
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
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Aja E, Mishra A, Dou Y, Fletcher HM. Role of the Filifactor alocis Hypothetical Protein FA519 in Oxidative Stress Resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0121221. [PMID: 34756068 PMCID: PMC8579941 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01212-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the periodontal pocket, there is a direct correlation between environmental conditions, the dynamic oral microbial flora, and disease. The relative abundance of several newly recognized microbial species in the oral microenvironment has raised questions on their impact on disease development. One such organism, Filifactor alocis, is significant to the pathogenic biofilm structure. Moreover, its pathogenic characteristics are highlighted by its ability to survive in the oxidative-stress microenvironment of the periodontal pocket and alter the microbial community dynamics. There is a gap in our understanding of its mechanism(s) of oxidative stress resistance and impact on pathogenicity. Several proteins, including HMPRFF0389-00519 (FA519), were observed in high abundance in F. alocis during coinfection of epithelial cells with Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. Bioinformatics analysis shows that FA519 contains a "Cys-X-X-Cys zinc ribbon domain" which could be involved in DNA binding and oxidative stress resistance. We have characterized FA519 to elucidate its roles in the oxidative stress resistance and virulence of F. alocis. Compared to the wild-type strain, the F. alocis isogenic gene deletion mutant, FLL1013 (ΔFA519::ermF), showed significantly reduced sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide-induced stress. The ability to form biofilm and adhere to and invade gingival epithelial cells was also reduced in the isogenic mutant. The recombinant FA519 protein was shown to protect DNA from Fenton-mediated damage with an intrinsic ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide and disulfide bonds. Collectively, these results suggest that FA519 is involved in oxidative stress resistance and can modulate important virulence attributes in F. alocis. IMPORTANCE Filifactor alocis is an emerging member of the periodontal community and is now proposed to be a diagnostic indicator of periodontal disease. However, due to the lack of genetic tools available to study this organism, not much is known about its virulence attributes. The mechanism(s) of oxidative stress resistance in F. alocis is unknown. Therefore, identifying the adaptive mechanisms utilized by F. alocis to survive in the oxidative stress environment of the periodontal pocket would lead to understanding its virulence regulation, which could help develop novel therapeutic treatments to combat the effects of periodontal disease. This study is focused on the characterization of FA519, a hypothetical protein in F. alocis, as a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in the reactive oxygen species-detoxification pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that FA519 is involved in oxidative stress resistance and can modulate important virulence attributes in F. alocis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinne Aja
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Arunima Mishra
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yuetan Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Hansel M. Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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