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Silva M, Avni D, Varela J, Barreira L. The Ocean's Pharmacy: Health Discoveries in Marine Algae. Molecules 2024; 29:1900. [PMID: 38675719 PMCID: PMC11055030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global health challenge, constituting a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the 21st century. Addressing the prevention and management of NCDs is crucial for improving global public health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies, early interventions, and innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate their far-reaching consequences. Marine organisms, mainly algae, produce diverse marine natural products with significant therapeutic potential. Harnessing the largely untapped potential of algae could revolutionize drug development and contribute to combating NCDs, marking a crucial step toward natural and targeted therapeutic approaches. This review examines bioactive extracts, compounds, and commercial products derived from macro- and microalgae, exploring their protective properties against oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic diseases, and cancer across in vitro, cell-based, in vivo, and clinical studies. Most research focuses on macroalgae, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, gut health modulation, metabolic health promotion, and anti-cancer effects. Microalgae products also exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Although studies mainly investigated extracts and fractions, isolated compounds from algae have also been explored. Notably, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids, and terpenes emerge as prominent compounds, collectively representing 42.4% of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Dorit Avni
- MIGAL Galilee Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1106000, Israel;
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Valotto Neto LJ, Reverete de Araujo M, Moretti Junior RC, Mendes Machado N, Joshi RK, dos Santos Buglio D, Barbalho Lamas C, Direito R, Fornari Laurindo L, Tanaka M, Barbalho SM. Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38671841 PMCID: PMC11047749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population has increased the prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions. Bacopa monnieri (BM), an herb with active compounds, such as bacosides A and B, betulinic acid, loliolide, asiatic acid, and quercetin, demonstrates the potential for brain health. Limited research has been conducted on the therapeutic applications of BM in neurodegenerative conditions. This systematic review aims to project BM's beneficial role in brain disorders. BM has anti-apoptotic and antioxidant actions and can repair damaged neurons, stimulate kinase activity, restore synaptic function, improve nerve transmission, and increase neuroprotection. The included twenty-two clinical trials demonstrated that BM can reduce Nuclear Factor-κB phosphorylation, improve emotional function, cognitive functions, anhedonia, hyperactivity, sleep routine, depression, attention deficit, learning problems, memory retention, impulsivity, and psychiatric problems. Moreover, BM can reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress. Here, we highlight that BM provides notable therapeutic benefits and can serve as a complementary approach for the care of patients with neurodegenerative conditions associated with brain disorders. This review adds to the growing interest in natural products and their potential therapeutic applications by improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive function and neurodegeneration and informing the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz José Valotto Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
- Department of Education, Government of Uttarakhand, Nainital 263001, India;
| | - Matheus Reverete de Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Renato Cesar Moretti Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Nathalia Mendes Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar Joshi
- Department of Education, Government of Uttarakhand, Nainital 263001, India;
| | - Daiane dos Santos Buglio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Caroline Barbalho Lamas
- Department of Gerontology, School of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical School of Marilia (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
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Jeong M, Kwon H, Kim Y, Jin H, Choi GE, Hyun KY. Erigeron annuus Extract Improves DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Nutrients 2024; 16:451. [PMID: 38337735 PMCID: PMC10857527 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent inflammatory skin condition resulting from an intricate interplay among genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Erigeron annuus (EA), an annual winter plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, possesses anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we hypothesized that Erigeron annuus extract (EAE) could be an effective agent for ameliorating AD-like symptoms. To confirm this hypothesis in vitro, we used H2O2-stimulated human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) to demonstrate that pre-treatment with EAE protected against oxidative stress. HaCaT cells pretreated with EAE and stimulated with H2O2 showed decreased intracellular malondialdehyde content, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. To verify the in vivo hypothesis based on the intracellular results, an AD disease mouse model was induced with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), and EAE was orally administered at a non-toxic concentration according to the toxicity evaluation results. The results showed that AD disease models in BALB/c mice exhibited reduced ear epidermal thickness, scratching behavior, and mast cell infiltration. In conclusion, our results indicate that EAE has the potential to improve AD by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongguk Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Next-Generation Industrial Field-Based Specialist Program for Molecular Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Project, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Next-Generation Industrial Field-Based Specialist Program for Molecular Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Project, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Next-Generation Industrial Field-Based Specialist Program for Molecular Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Project, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Next-Generation Industrial Field-Based Specialist Program for Molecular Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Project, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Next-Generation Industrial Field-Based Specialist Program for Molecular Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Project, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yae Hyun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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Lee EJ, Lee S, Jang HJ, Yoo W. Loliolide in Sargassum horneri Alleviates Ultrafine Urban Particulate Matter (PM 0.1)-Induced Inflammation in Human RPE Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:162. [PMID: 38203333 PMCID: PMC10779059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to increasing air pollution due to industrial development, fine dust has been associated with threatening public health. In particular, ultrafine urban particulate matter (uf-UP, PM 0.1) can easily enter our bodies, causing inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of hydrothermal extracts of Sargassum horneri and its bioactive compound, loliolide, on uf-UP-induced inflammation as a potential treatment strategy for retinal disorders. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) stimulated with TNF-α or uf-UPs were treated with S. horneri extract and loliolide. S. horneri extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on uf-UP-induced inflammation without cell toxicity through downregulating the mRNA expression of MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α. UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis confirmed that the hydrothermal extract of S. horneri contained loliolide, which has anti-inflammatory effects. Loliolide effectively reduced the mRNA expression and production of proinflammatory chemokines (IL-8) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) by downregulating the MAPK/NF-ĸB signaling pathway on TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory ARPE-19 cells. These effects were further confirmed in inflammatory ARPE-19 cells after stimulation with uf-UPs. Collectively, these results suggested the application of S. horneri as a functional ingredient for treating ocular disorders caused by particular matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeoung Lee
- AceBiome Inc., Seoul 06164, Republic of Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.L.)
- R&D Center, AceBiome Inc., Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee
- AceBiome Inc., Seoul 06164, Republic of Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.L.)
- R&D Center, AceBiome Inc., Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si 28116, Republic of Korea;
- Natural Product Central Bank, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbeak Yoo
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lin TY, Wu YT, Chang HJ, Huang CC, Cheng KC, Hsu HY, Hsieh CW. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Polysaccharides Extracted from Unripe Carica papaya L. Fruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 37627501 PMCID: PMC10451988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from unripe Carica papaya L. (papaya) fruit. Three papaya polysaccharide (PP) fractions, namely PP-1, PP-2, and PP-3, with molecular weights of 2252, 2448, and 3741 kDa, containing abundant xylose, galacturonic acid, and mannose constituents, respectively, were obtained using diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose™ anion exchange chromatography. The antioxidant capacity of the PPs, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ferrous ion-chelating assay, and reducing power assay revealed that the PP-3 fraction had the highest antioxidant activity, with an EC50 (the concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) of 0.96 mg/mL, EC50 of 0.10 mg/mL, and Abs700 nm of 1.581 for the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ferrous ion-chelating assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. In addition, PP-3 significantly decreased reactive oxygen species production by 45.3%, NF-κB activation by 32.0%, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 generation by 33.5% and 34.4%, respectively, in H2O2-induced human epidermal keratinocytes. PP-3 exerts potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects; thus, it is a potential biofunctional ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yun-Ting Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Hui-Ju Chang
- Department of Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung City 426017, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chen Huang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung City 413305, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
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Senes-Lopes TFD, Luz JRDD, Guterres ZDR, Barbosa EA, Batista D, Galdino OA, Ururahy MAG, Gomes Dos Santos EC, López JA, Araujo-Silva G, Almeida MDG. Pseudobombax parvifolium Hydroalcoholic Bark Extract: Chemical Characterisation and Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Preclinical Aspects Associated with a Protective Effect on Oxidative Stress. Metabolites 2023; 13:748. [PMID: 37367906 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have long been used in traditional medicine to treat illnesses. Nevertheless, their chemical diversity requires studies to establish the extract dosage and its safe use. Pseudobombax parvifolium, an endemic species of the Brazilian Caatinga biome, is commonly used in folk medicine, due to its anti-inflammatory properties related to cellular oxidative stress; however, its biological properties have scarcely been studied. In this study, we chemically characterized the P. parvifolium hydroalcoholic bark extract (EBHE) and evaluated its cytotoxic, mutagenic, and preclinical aspects, as well as its antioxidant effect. Our phytochemical analysis revealed a significative total polyphenol content and identified loliolide for the first time in this species. Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and acute oral and repeated dose indicated no toxic effects on cell culture, Drosophila melanogaster, and Wistar rat exposure to different EBHE concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and a mild hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect with repeated oral dosing of EBHE. Although there were no significant changes in glutathione content, we did observe a significant increase in superoxide dismutase at a dose of 400 mg/kg and in glutathione peroxidase at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. These findings suggest that EBHE has potential as a source of bioactive molecules, and it can be used safely in traditional medicine and in the development of herbal medicines for application in the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Felipe de Senes-Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo 79980-000, MS, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | - Zaira da Rosa Guterres
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo 79980-000, MS, Brazil
| | - Eder A Barbosa
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules, Institute of Chemistry, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Débora Batista
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Ony Araújo Galdino
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cristina Gomes Dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Jorge A López
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
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Gabriele M, Arouna N, Árvay J, Longo V, Pucci L. Sourdough Fermentation Improves the Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Triticum dicoccum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076283. [PMID: 37047259 PMCID: PMC10094579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fermentation process has been widely used to improve plant-based foods’ nutritional and nutraceutical properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of sourdough fermentation on the bioactive content and profile, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of fermented (FS) and non-fermented (NFS) flour from Tuscan Triticum dicoccum wheat (spelt) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-inflamed human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29). FS showed significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content, in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activities, and ACE-inhibitory activities than NFS. Gallic acid was identified by HPLC-DAD as the most representative polyphenol, followed by rutin, trans-ferulic acid, iso-quercitrin, and quercetin, in the fermented spelt sample. Instead, rutin and gallic acid were identified as the predominant compounds in the non-fermented ones. Moreover, FS exhibited a better protective effect on inflamed HT-29 cells by significantly counteracting the TNFα-induced alterations, lowering the expression of IL-8, COX-2, and ICAM-1 inflammatory mediator while enhancing antioxidant enzyme HO-1 gene expression. In conclusion, sourdough fermentation positively affected the nutraceutical and functional properties of spelt, which may represent a valuable ingredient for the formulation of functional foods and a key product for managing hypertension and inflammatory intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Gabriele
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.L.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-6212752
| | - Nafiou Arouna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Július Árvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pucci
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.L.); (L.P.)
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8
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Yang N, Ko M, Ahn M, Shin T. Hepatoprotective effects of norgalanthamine on carbon tetrachloride induced-hepatotoxicity in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:144-154. [PMID: 34915776 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Norgalanthamine is a major component of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum that exhibits several biological activities. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of norgalanthamine in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Norgalanthamine (1 and 10 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice for 7 or 14 days, after which liver injury was induced by CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, i.p.). The vehicle and positive controls consisted of phosphate-buffered saline and silymarin (100 mg/kg), respectively. In CCl4-injured mice, norgalanthamine pretreatment significantly reversed the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels, and the decrease in the serum glucose level. In the liver, norgalanthamine restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, while reducing lipid accumulation and, concurrently, the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adipocyte protein-2. Norgalanthamine also ameliorated inflammation by down-regulating the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1, and up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In addition, norgalanthamine decreased collagen deposition in liver tissue as shown on picrosirius red staining by down-regulating expression of the fibrosis-related genes αSMA and fibronectin. Collectively, these findings imply that norgalanthamine mitigates CCl4-induced hepatic injury by increasing anti-oxidative activity, down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators and fibrosis-related genes in the liver.HighlightsNorgalanthamine ameliorated the hepatotoxicity after CCl4 injury.Norgalanthamine suppressed the activation of Kupffer cells and macrophages.Norgalanthamine down-regulated pro-inflammatory mediators.Norgalanthamine increased anti-oxidative activity via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.Norgalanthamine downregulated fibrosis-related genes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoon Ko
- Poultry Clinic and Laboratory of Bansuk Ltc, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Jayasinghe AMK, Han EJ, Kirindage KGIS, Fernando IPS, Kim EA, Kim J, Jung K, Kim KN, Heo SJ, Ahn G. 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Isolated from Polysiphonia morrowii Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Stimulated Inflammation and Deterioration of Skin Barrier in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090563. [PMID: 36135752 PMCID: PMC9504623 DOI: 10.3390/md20090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysiphonia morrowii is a well-known red alga that has promising pharmacological characteristics. The current study evaluates the protective effect of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) isolated from P. morrowii on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated inflammation and skin barrier deterioration in HaCaT keratinocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect of BDB in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes is evaluated by investigating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Further, the interaction between BDB and the skin barrier functions in stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes is investigated. The findings of the study reveal that BDB dose-dependently increases cell viability while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. BDB downregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and chemokines, Eotaxin, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by modulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, BDB increases the production of skin hydration proteins and tight junction proteins in stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes by preserving skin moisturization and tight junction stability. These findings imply that BDB exhibits a protective ability against inflammation and deterioration of skin barrier via suppressing the expression of inflammatory signaling in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eui-Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.H.); (G.A.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-61-659-7213 (G.A.)
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.H.); (G.A.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-61-659-7213 (G.A.)
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10
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Kirindage KGIS, Jayasinghe AMK, Han EJ, Jee Y, Kim HJ, Do SG, Fernando IPS, Ahn G. Fucosterol Isolated from Dietary Brown Alga Sargassum horneri Protects TNF-α/IFN-γ-Stimulated Human Dermal Fibroblasts via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/MAPK Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081429. [PMID: 35892631 PMCID: PMC9394315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri is a well-known edible brown alga that is widely abundant in the sea near China, Korea, and Japan and has a wide range of bioactive compounds. Fucosterol (FST), which is a renowned secondary metabolite in brown algae, was extracted from S. horneri to 70% ethanol, isolated via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by the immiscible liquid-liquid separation, and its structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of FST against oxidative stress, inflammation, and its mechanism of action in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated human dermal fibroblast (HDF). FST was biocompatible with HDF cells up to the 120 μM dosage. TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation significantly decreased HDF viability by notably increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. FST dose-dependently decreased the intracellular ROS production in HDFs. Western blot analysis confirmed a significant increment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) involvement in FST-treated HDF cells. In addition, the downregulation of inflammatory mediators, molecules related to connective tissue degradation, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases were identified. TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation in HDF cells increased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediators, and its phosphorylation was reduced with the treatment of FST in a dose-dependent manner. Results obtained from western blot analysis of the NF-κB nuclear translocation were supported by immunocytochemistry results. Collectively, the outcomes suggested that FST significantly upregulates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and regulates NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways to minimize the inflammatory responses in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HDF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eui-Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (K.G.I.S.K.); (A.M.K.J.); (E.-J.H.)
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Research and Development Center, Naturetch Co., Ltd., Cheonnam-si 31257, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (S.G.D.)
| | - Sun Gil Do
- Research and Development Center, Naturetch Co., Ltd., Cheonnam-si 31257, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (S.G.D.)
| | | | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (K.G.I.S.K.); (A.M.K.J.); (E.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.S.F.); (G.A.)
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11
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Liu L, Kang XX. ACSL4 is overexpressed in psoriasis and enhances inflammatory responses by activating ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 623:1-8. [PMID: 35868067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
More and more studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the progression of various diseases, but the significance of ferroptosis in psoriasis is still rarely explored. The detection of plasma and psoriatic lesions found that the contents of MDA and ROS were significantly increased, while the contents of SOD and GSH were significantly decreased, and the trend of increase or decrease in patients with progressive psoriasis was more obvious. The expression of ACSL4, a key regulator of ferroptosis, was significantly increased in psoriatic lesions and further up-regulated in patients with progressive psoriasis. ACSL4 expression was positively correlated with PASI score and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17a), and linear regression analysis showed that high expression of ACSL4 in psoriatic lesions was associated with higher PASI score. Both ferroptosis inducer Erastin and IFN-γ/TNF-α significantly induced ferroptosis, inhibited keratinocyte viability, promoted the accumulation of MDA, ROS and Fe2+, and enhanced ACSL4, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 expression. When ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 was added to inhibit ferroptosis, the up-regulation trends of MDA, ROS, Fe2+, ACSL4, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly inhibited, and inhibition of ACSL4 expression also had a similar effect. Apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK could also attenuate the pro-inflammatory effect of IFN-γ/TNF-α, and Fer-1 plus Z-VAD-FMK further inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, ferroptosis is significantly activated during the progression of psoriasis and promotes inflammatory responses by upregulating ACSL4 expression. This discovery will provide new targets for clinical detection, prevention and treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Jayasinghe AMK, Kirindage KGIS, Fernando IPS, Han EJ, Oh GW, Jung WK, Ahn G. Fucoidan Isolated from Sargassum confusum Suppresses Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in TNF-α/IFN-γ- Stimulated HaCaT Keratinocytes by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:117. [PMID: 35200646 PMCID: PMC8880602 DOI: 10.3390/md20020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that marine brown seaweeds contain numerous bioactive compounds which exhibit various bioactivities. The present study investigated the effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (SCF) isolated from Sargassum confusum, a brown alga, on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ. SCF significantly increased the cell viability while decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, SCF effectively reduced inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (Eotaxin, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)) expression, by down-regulating the expression of epithelial and epidermal innate cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)). Furthermore, SCF suppressed the activation of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, while activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. The cytoprotective effect of SCF against TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation was considerably reduced upon inhibition of HO-1 activity by ZnPP. Overall, these results suggest that SCF effectively suppressed inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (A.M.K.J.); (K.G.I.S.K.); (E.J.H.)
- Research Center for Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (A.M.K.J.); (K.G.I.S.K.); (E.J.H.)
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
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13
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Kirindage KGIS, Fernando IPS, Jayasinghe AMK, Han EJ, Dias MKHM, Kang KP, Moon SI, Shin TS, Ma A, Ahn G. Moringa oleifera Hot Water Extract Protects Vero Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress by Regulating Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030420. [PMID: 35159570 PMCID: PMC8834631 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study discloses the identification of phenolic compounds in Moringa oleifera hot water extract (MOH) and the evaluation of its antioxidant activity on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells. Upon analysis, MOH was found to contain phenolic compounds and indicated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging with IC50 values of 102.52 and 122.55 µg/mL, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of MOH indicated a dose-dependent increase with a maximum absorbance at 125 μg/mL and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of MOH was 1004.95 µmol TE/mg. Results showed that MOH dose-dependently reduced intracellular ROS generation in H2O2-stimulated Vero cells while increasing the cell viability. Fluorescence microscopy and flowcytometric analyses have supported the above findings. MOH markedly suppressed the H2O2-induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis through suppression of the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by possibly involving H2O2 generation in cell media. Findings of western blot were supported by immunocytochemistry of Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Thus, MOH bioactivity would potentiate its applications in manufacturing functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eui-Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (K.G.I.S.K.); (A.M.K.J.); (E.-J.H.); (M.K.H.M.D.)
- Research Center for Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Pil Kang
- Jeju Changhae Fisheries Co., Ltd., Jeju 63072, Korea; (K.-P.K.); (S.-I.M.)
| | - Sung-Ig Moon
- Jeju Changhae Fisheries Co., Ltd., Jeju 63072, Korea; (K.-P.K.); (S.-I.M.)
| | - Tai-Sun Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (T.-S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayeong Ma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (T.-S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (K.G.I.S.K.); (A.M.K.J.); (E.-J.H.); (M.K.H.M.D.)
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-659-7213
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14
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Wang L, Kim HS, Je JG, Fu X, Huang C, Ahn G, Oh JY, Sanjeewa KKA, Xu J, Gao X, Yeo IK, Jeon YJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Photoprotective Effects of (-)-Loliode Isolated from the Brown Seaweed, Sargassum horneri. Molecules 2021; 26:6898. [PMID: 34833989 PMCID: PMC8620499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of humans. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) is the primary environmental factor that causes skin damage. The compound, (-)-loliode, isolated from the brown seaweed Sargassum horneri, showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro and in vivo models. To further explore the potential of (-)-loliode in cosmetics, in the present study, we investigated the photoprotective effect of (-)-loliode in vitro in skin cells and in vivo in zebrafish. The results indicated that (-)-loliode significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, improved cell viability, and suppressed apoptosis of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. In addition, (-)-loliode remarkably attenuated oxidative damage, improved collagen synthesis, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinases expression in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the in vivo test demonstrated that (-)-loliode effectively and dose-dependently suppressed UVB-induced zebrafish damage displayed in decreasing the levels of ROS, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in UVB-irradiated zebrafish. These results indicate that (-)-loliode possesses strong photoprotective activities and suggest (-)-loliode may an ideal ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea;
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Biosystem Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama 10206, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - In-Kyu Yeo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
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15
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Skullcapflavone II Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS Production in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126428. [PMID: 34208434 PMCID: PMC8233710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skullcapflavone II (SFII), a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential for skin inflammatory diseases and its mechanism are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SFII on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-associated cytokines, such as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Co-stimulation with TNF-α/IFN-γ in HaCaT cells is a well-established model for induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We treated cells with SFII prior to TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulation and confirmed that it significantly inhibited TARC and MDC expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, SFII also inhibited the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS), which is associated with itching in patients with AD. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK mediate TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC and MDC, as well as CTSS expression. Finally, we confirmed that SFII significantly suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK. Taken together, our study indicates that SFII inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS expression by regulating STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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